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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 1057 in Powell County, Kentucky

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Phase I Archaeological Survey Along KY 1057 in Powell County, Kentucky Contract Publication Series 17-369 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED KY 1057 SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS IN POWELL COUNTY, KENTUCKY (ITEM NO. 10-9009.00) by Thomas H. McAlpine, Jr., RPA 989402, and Alexandra D. Bybee, RPA 11813 Prepared for Prepared by Kentucky West Virginia Ohio Indiana Louisiana Tennessee Virginia Contract Publication Series 17-369 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED KY 1057 SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS IN POWELL COUNTY, KENTUCKY (ITEM NO. 10-9009.00) by Thomas H. McAlpine, Jr., RPA 989402, and Alexandra D. Bybee, RPA 11813 With contributions by Heather D. Barras, J. Howard Beverly, Jr., RPA 12745, D. Randall Cooper, and Julia K. Gruhot Prepared for David Waldner Division of Environmental Analysis Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Phone: (502) 564-7250 Fax: (502) 564-5655 Prepared by Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. 151 Walton Avenue Lexington, Kentucky 40508 Phone: (859) 252-4737 Fax: (859) 254-3747 Email: [email protected] CRA Project No.: K17K017 __________________________ ________________________ Charles M. Niquette, RPA 10710 Alexandra D. Bybee, RPA 11813 Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator November 15, 2017 Lead Agency: Federal Highway Administration Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Item No.:10-9009.00 Letter Agreement 40-MSN OSA Project Registration No.: FY18_9354 ABSTRACT Between October 3 and 5, 2017, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., personnel conducted an archaeological survey of the proposed KY 1057 safety improvements project in Powell County, Kentucky (Item No. 10-9009.00). The survey was conducted at the request of David Waldner of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. The project area covers approximately 5.4 ha (13.3 acres), including 4.0 ha (9.8 acres) of new right-of-way. The project area was characterized by residential yards, driveways, pastures, an agricultural field, and a wooded area along KY 1057. Prior to the survey, a records review was conducted at the Office of State Archaeology. The review indicated that four previous professional archaeological surveys have been conducted and five archaeological sites have been recorded within a 2.0 km (1.2 mi) radius of the project area. None of these previous survey areas or sites were within the current project area, however Site 15Po98 was reported to be adjacent to the project area. No evidence of Site 15Po98 was found within the project area. The entire project area was subjected to intensive pedestrian survey supplemented with screened shovel testing and a bucket auger. As a result of the survey, one previously unrecorded site (15Po489) and one isolated find (IF 1) were recorded. Site 15Po489 was a multicomponent indeterminate prehistoric open habitation without mounds, and a late-nineteenth- to mid-twentieth-century historic farm/residence consisting of prehistoric and historic artifacts recovered from a few shovel tests. The site is recommended as not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and no further work is recommended. IF 1 consisted of two prehistoric flakes from a single shovel test. It is recommended as not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and no further work is recommended. No sites listed in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places will be affected by this project; therefore, archaeological clearance is recommended. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 II. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING............................................................................................................................. 2 III. PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND CULTURAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 21 IV. METHODS ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 V. MATERIALS RECOVERED ............................................................................................................................. 34 VI. RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 VII. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND TREATMENT ...................................................................... 48 REFERENCES CITED .......................................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX A. HISTORIC ARTIFACT INVENTORY ........................................................................................... A-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Kentucky showing the location of Powell County. ........................................................................ 1 Figure 2. Location of project area on topographic quadrangle. ............................................................................... 3 Figure 3a-d. Project area plan map. ....................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 4. The Eastern Kentucky Coal Field region. .............................................................................................. 11 Figure 5. Rivers that drain the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field region...................................................................... 11 Figure 6. Lawn with driveway, facing south. ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 7. Underground utility, facing east. ............................................................................................................ 17 Figure 8. Pasture, facing north. ............................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 9. Sloped wooded area, facing north. ........................................................................................................ 18 Figure 10. 1948 map (KSHD 1948) showing MS 1-4. ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 11. Barn at MS 1 area, facing northeast. ................................................................................................... 25 Figure 12. Mobile home at MS 3 area, facing north. ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 13. Residence at MS 4 area, facing east. .................................................................................................. 26 Figure 14. 1952 map (USGS 1952) showing MS 1-7. ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 15. Pasture at MS 5 area, facing south. ..................................................................................................... 28 Figure 16. Residence at MS 6 area, facing northwest. ......................................................................................... 28 Figure 17. Barn at MS 7 area, facing east. ........................................................................................................... 29 Figure 18. Historic materials recovered from Site 15Po489 STP 3, Zone I: (a) unspecified cut nail fragment; (b) undecorated whiteware body sherd; (c) amethyst glass BIM body sherd; and (d) cast-iron (cast) horseshoe with horseshoe nails. .................................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 19. Overview of Site 15Po98 area, facing west. ........................................................................................ 42 Figure 20. Site 15Po489 manicured lawn area, facing south. ............................................................................... 43 Figure 21. Site 15Po489 tall grass field, facing south. .......................................................................................... 43 Figure 22. Schematic plan map of Site 15Po489. ................................................................................................. 46 Figure 23. Representative soil profile from Site 15Po489. .................................................................................... 47 iii Figure 24. IF 1 overview, facing south. ................................................................................................................ 49 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of Selected Information for Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites in Powell County, Kentucky. Data Obtained from OSA and May Contain Coding Errors. ........................................................ 23 Table 2. Prehistoric Materials Recovered. ........................................................................................................... 35 Table 3. Historic Artifacts Recovered According to Functional Group.................................................................
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