YEATS ANNUAL No. 8 In the same series

YEATS ANNUAL Nos I, 2 Edited by Richard J. Finneran YEATS ANNUAL Nos 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Edited by Warwick Gould THOMAS HARDY ANNUALS Nos I, 2, 3, 4 Edited by Norman Page O'CASEY ANNUALS Nos I, 2, 3, 4 Edited by Robert G. Lowery T. S. ELIOT ANNUAL No. I Edited by Shyamal Bagchee

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Standing Order Service, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG212XS, England. W. B. Yeats reading, Dublin, 24 January 1908. Photograph by Alvin Langdon Coburn, Private Collection, London. YEATS ANNUAL No.8

Edited by Warwick Gould

M Editorial matter and selection© Warwick Gould 1991 Text© The Macmillan Press Ltd 1991

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 978-0-333-42112-3

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First published 1991

Published by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Yeats annual. 1. Yeats, W. B.-Societies, periodicals, etc. 821'.8'19 PR5907 ISBN 978-1-349-08863-8 ISBN 978-1-349-08861-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-08861-4 ISBN 0278-7688 Contents

List of Abbreviations Vlll Editorial Board X Notes on the Contributors Xl List of Plates XlV Editor's Note XV Acknowledgements xvn

ARTICLES Technique in the Earlier Poems of Yeats HELEN VENDLER 3 Metrical Variation in Yeats's Verse RICHARD TAYLOR 21 Giving Birth to Oneself: Yeats's Late Sexuality TIM ARMSTRONG 39 The Miltonic Crux of "The Phases of the Moon" WAYNE K. CHAPMAN 59 Four Lectures by W. B. Yeats, 1902-4 Edited by RICHARD LONDRAVILLE 78 "The Poet and the Actress": An Unpublished Dialogue by W. B. Yeats Edited by DAVID R. CLARK 123 "The Irish National Theatre": An Uncollected Address by W. B. Yeats Edited by DAVID R. CLARK 144

"MASTERING WHAT IS MOST ABSTRACT": A FORUM ON A VISION A Vision: Ideas of God and Man NEIL MANN 157

v VI Contents

SHORTER NOTES Ian Fletcher, 1920--1988 JOHN STOKES 179 Checklist of Portraits of W. B. Yeats WILLIAM H. O'DONNELL 184 Notes on the Yeats Library, 1904 and 1989 WAYNE K. CHAPMAN 199 "Seven Paters" One More Time WARWICK GOULD 203 Francis Stuart, W. B. Yeats and To-mo"ow F. C. MOLLOY 214 W. B. Yeats, W. J. Turner and Edmund Dulac: The Broadsides and Poetry Broadcasts WAYNE MCKENNA 225 Memories and Prophecies: A Prospectus for the Yeats Project at the Abbey Theatre JAMES W. FLANNERY 235

REVIEWS The Poems ofJohn Gray and Some Unpublished Poems ofJohn Gray, ed. Ian Fletcher MURRAY G. H. PITTOCK 245 The Hollow Man: Humphrey Carpenter, A Serious Character: The Life of Ezra Pound; James Langenbach, Stone Cottage: Pound, Yeats and Modernism JOHN HARWOOD 249 Carmel Jordan, A Terrible Beauty: The Easter Rebellion and Yeats's "Great Tapestry"; David Young, Troubled Mi"or: A Study of Yeats's The Tower; Richard J. Finneran (ed.), Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies, No. 5; Keith M. May, Nietzsche and Modem Literature: Themes in Yeats, Rilke, Mann and Lawrence; Patrick]. Keane, Yeats's Interactions with Tradition STAN SMITH 258 Lady Gregory, The Journals, vol. II, ed. Daniel]. Murphy JAMES PETHICA 265 Contents vu

David G. Wright, Yeats's Myth of Self: A Study of the Autobiographical Prose; Robert Welch and Suheil B. Bushrui ( eds), Literature and the Art of Creation: Essays and Poems in Honour of A. Normanje.ffares TIM ARMSTRONG 270 Paul Scott Stanfield, Yeats and Politics in the 1930s KIERAN QUINLAN 272 Thomas Parkinson, Poems, Poets, Movements; Wolfgang Zach and Heinz Kosok (eds), Literary Interrelations: Ireland, England and the World RICHARD TAYLOR 275 Vive Le Roi: Robert Ackerman,]. G. Frazer: His Life and Work ROBERT FRASER 279 Michael J. Sidnell, Dances of Death: The Group Theatre of London in the Thirties ROBERTJ.GORDON 284 Peter Alderson Smith, W. B. Yeats and the Tribes of Danu ROSALIND CLARK 288 Imre Salusinszky, Criticism in Sociery; M. H. Abrams, The Correspondent Breeze: Essays on English Romanticism CHARLOTTESTOUDT 294

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS Publications Received 305 Recent and Forthcoming Publications 307 List of Abbreviations

The works listed below are cited in the texts by abbreviation and page number. Some individual essays use additional abbreviations, as explained in the appropriate notes.

Au Autobiographies (London: Macmillan, 1955). AVA A Critical Edition of Yeats's A Vision ( 1925), ed. George Mills Harper and Walter Kelly Hood (London: Macmillan, 1978). AVB A Vision (London: Macmillan, 1962). CL1 The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats, vol. I: 1865-95, ed. John Kelly and Eric Domville (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986). E&1 Essays and Introductions (London and New York: Macmillan, 1961 ). Ex Explorations, sel. Mrs W. B. Yeats (London: Macmillan, 1962; New York: Macmillan, 1963). L The Letters of W. B. Yeats, ed. Allan Wade (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1954; New York: Macmillan, 1955). LDW Letters on Poetry from W. B. Yeats to Dorothy Welleslry, intro. Kathleen Raine (London and New York: Oxford Univer• sity Press, 1964). LMR "Ah, Sweet Dancer": W. B. Yeats/Margot Ruddock, a Correspon• dence, ed. Roger McHugh (London and New York: Mac• millan, 1970). LNI Letters to the New Island, ed. Horace Reynolds (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934). LRB The Correspondence of Robert Bridges and W. B. Yeats, ed. Richard J. Finneran (London: Macmillan, 1977; Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978). LTSM W. B. Yeats and T. Sturge Moore: Their Correspondence, 1901- 1937, ed. Ursula Bridge (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; New York: Oxford University Press, 1953). LTWBY Letters to W. B. Yeats, ed. Richard J. Finneran, George Mills Harper and William M. Murphy (London: Macmillan;

Vlll List of Abbreviations lX

New York: Columbia University Press, 1977). Mem Memoirs, ed. Denis Donoghue (London: Macmillan, 1972; New York: Macmillan, 1973). Myth Mythologies (London and New York: Macmillan, 1959). OBMV The Oxford Book of Modern Verse, 1892-1935, chosen by W. B. Yeats (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936). SB The Speckled Bird, With Variant Versions, ed. William H. O'Donnell (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976). ss The Senate Speeches of W. B. Yeats, ed. Donald R. Pearce (London: Faber and Faber, 1961). UP1 Uncollected Prose by W. B. Yeats, vol. 1, ed. John P. Frayne (London: Macmillan; New York: Columbia University Press, 1970). UP2 Uncollected Prose by W. B. Yeats, vol. 2, ed. John P. Frayne and Colton Johnson (London: Macmillan, 197 5; New York: Columbia University Press, 1976). VP The Variorum Edition of the Poems ofW. B. Yeats, ed. Peter Alit and Russell K. Alspach (New York and London: Macmil• lan, 1957). (To be cited from the corrected third printing [1966] or later printings). VPl The Variorum Edition of the Plays ofW. B. Yeats, ed. Russell K. Alspach (London and New York: Macmillan, 1966). (To be cited from the corrected second printing [1966] or later printings.) VSR The Secret Rose: Stories by W. B. Yeats: A Variorum Edition, ed. Phillip L. Marcus, Warwick Gould and Michael J. Sidnell (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981). Wade Allan Wade, A Bibliography of the Writings of W. B. Yeats, 3rd edn, rev. Russell K. Alspach (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1968). YA Yeats Annual (to be followed by number and date). YAACTS Yeats: An Annual of Critical and Textual Studies (to be followed by number and date). YL Edward O'Shea, A Descriptive Catalog ofW. B. Yeats's Library (New York and London: Garland, 1985). YO Yeats and the Occult, ed. George Mills Harper (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1975; London: Macmillan, 1975). YT Yeats and the Theatre, ed. Robert O'Driscoll and Lorna Rey• nolds (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1975; London: Macmillan, 1975). Editorial Board

Seamus Deane Yukio Oura Denis Donoghue Marjorie Perloff t Ian Fletcher Kathleen Raine Jacqueline Genet Ronald Schuchard A. Norman J effares Michael J. Sidnell K. P. S. Jochum Colin Smythe John S. Kelly C. K. Stead Phillip L. Marcus Katharine Worth William H. O'Donnell

Research Editor: Deirdre Toomey

X Notes on the Contributors

Tim Armstrong is Lecturer in English at the University of Sheffield, having previously lectured at University College, Cork. He was Quain Student at University College, London, where he wrote his doctoral thesis on Hardy, Yeats and Stevens.

Wayne K. Chapman has taught in the English Department at Washington State University, Pullman. He is the author of Yeats and English Renaissance Poetry (Macmillan, 1990) .

David R. Clark is Emeritus Professor of English of the University of Massachusetts. He is the author of many studies of Yeats, including Yeats at Songs and Choruses (1983). His co-edition ofYeats's manuscripts of "Sophocles' King Oedipus" (1989) will be reviewed in our next number.

Rosalind Clark is Assistant Professor at Texas A. & M. University.

James W. Flannery is well known for his W. B. Yeats and the Idea of a Theatre: The Early Abbey Theatre in Theory and Practice. He is Professor of Theater Studies at Emory University, and Director of the Yeats Drama Foundation.

Robert Fraser is an Honorary Research Associate of the English Department, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London. He has edited George Barker's Collected Poems, has written extensively on West African literature and is also a playwright. He is the author of The Making of The Golden Bough, and editor of a companion volume of essays, Sir James Fra~er and the Literary Imagination (both Macmillan, 1990).

Robert J. Gordon is Senior Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Studies, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London. He

Xl xu Notes on the Contributors

has recently published a study ofthe plays of Tom Stoppard (Macmil• lan, 1990).

Warwick Gould is Senior Lecturer in English at Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, London. He is co-editor (with Phillip L. Marcus) of The Secret Rose. Stories by W. B. Yeats: A Variorum Edition, and co-author (with Marjorie Reeves) ofJoachim of Fiore and the Myth of the Eternal Evangel in the Nineteenth Century. He is currently working with collaborators on The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats, vol. II (1896-1900), and on W. B. Yeats: Early Essays and "The Celtic Twilight" and "The Secret Rose" for the Macmillan Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeats.

John Harwood is Senior Lecturer in English at the Flinders Univer• sity of South Australia. His Olivia Shakespear and W. B. Yeats: After Long Silence was published by Macmillan in 1989 and will be reviewed in our next issue.

Richard Londraville is Professor of English at the State University College ofNew York at Potsdam. He is the author of numerous articles on W. B. Yeats.

Wayne McKenna is Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales. His W.J. Turner: Poet and Music Critic will be published shortly by Colin Smythe.

Neil Mann is a research student at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he is writing a doctoral thesis on A Vision.

F. C. Molloy is Lecturer in the School of Humanities, Riverina• Murray Institute of Higher Education, New South Wales.

William H. O'Donnell is Professor of English and Chairman, Mem• phis State University, Tennessee. He has written extensively on W. B. Yeats, and has edited The Speckled Bird. His edition ( 1989) of Yeats's prefaces and introductions for the Macmillan Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeats will be reviewed in our next number.

James Pethica is a Research Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. He is preparing an edition of Lady Gregory's diaries 1892-1902 for Colin Smythe, and a study of Lady Gregory's emergence as a writer. Notes on the Contributors Xlll

Murray G. H. Pittock is a British Academy Research Fellow at the University of Aberdeen. He is working on the literature of the 1890s.

Kieran Quinlan is Associate Professor of English at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Stan Smith is Professor of English at the University of Dundee. His books include Inviolable Voice: History and Twentieth Century Poetry, A Sadly Contracted Hero: The Comic Self in Post-War American Fiction and W. H. Auden.

John Stokes is Lecturer in English at the University ofWarwick. He is the author of Resistible Theatres: Enterprise and Experiment in the Late 19th Century, co-editor of The Decadent Consciousness: A Hidden Archive of Late Victorian Literature, and co-author of Arthur Symons: A Bibliography (forth• coming).

Charlotte Stoudt is a research student at Somerville College, Oxford.

Richard Taylor is Professor of English at the Universitat Bayreuth, and is author of The Drama of W. B. Yeats, Irish Myth and the japanese No and A Reader's Guide to the Plays of W. B. Yeats. He is working on a variorum edition of Pound's Cantos.

Helen Vendler is Kenan Professor of English at Harvard University. She has written books on Yeats, Stevens, Herbert and Keats; her essays on contemporary poetry are collected in Part of Nature, Part of Us and The Music of What Happens; and she has edited The Faber Book of Contemporary American Poetry. She is preparing a commentary on Shake• speare's Sonnets. List of Pia tes

Frontispiece: W. B. Yeats reading, Dublin, 24January 1908. Photograph by Alvin Langdon Coburn, Private Collection, London.

Artwork for Samhain, 190 l, with Yeats's instructions to the printer. Photograph reproduced by courtesy ofJohn B. Bransten from the original in his collection. 2 Professor Richard EHmann beside the Edmund Dulac memorial plaque to W. B. Yeats, Roquebrune cemetery, 26 May 1985. Photograph reproduced by courtesy of the photographer, Rosita Fan to. 3 Anne and Michael Yeats at Roquebrune during the Princess Grace Irish Library International Conference, "Yeats the Euro• pean", May 1987. Photograph reproduced by courtesy of the photographer, C. George Sandulescu. 4 Samuel Palmer's "The Lonely Tower". The legend is from "Il Penseroso", and from Palmer's notes on his own design, from the facing page of The Shorter Poems ofJohn Milton (London: Seeley, 1889). Photograph by courtesy of the British Library. 5 "Young Ireland in London": W. B. Yeats in his study at Woburn Buildings. From The Tatter, no. 157 (29 June 1904). 6-8 Scenes from James W. Flannery's production of The Cat and the Moon·at the Open Space, New York, and the Project Arts Centre, Dublin. Photographs by courtesy of James W. Flannery.

XIV Editor's Note

There are promises one cannot keep, and production schedules of The Collected Edition of the Works ofW. B. Yeats are such that this year we are unable to offer the reviews of Letters to the New Island and Prefaces and Introductions promised for this number in Yeats Annual No. 7. We have also had to hold over until Yeats Annual No. 9 the bibliography we usually offer. In that number we shall review Conrad A. Balliet's forthcoming W. B. Yeats: A Guide to the Manuscripts (New York and London: Garland, 1990) and John Harwood's Olivia Shakespear and W. B. Yeats: After Long Silence (London: Macmillan, 1989). Professor Roy Foster, FBA, ofthe Department of History, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet St, London WCl, is working on his authorised life of W. B. Yeats for the Clarendon Press, Oxford. Professor Ann Saddlemyer, Master of Massey College, University of Toronto, continues to work on her authorised life of George Yeats. Both would welcome new information from readers. Other biblio• graphical projects continue. Colin Smythe (PO Box 6, Gerrards Cross, Bucks, SL9 8EF, UK) is working on his complete revision of the Wade-Alspach Bibliography for the Clarendon Press, while K. P. S. Jochum (Lehrstuhl ftir Englische Literaturwissenschaft, Universitlit Bamberg, Postfach 1549, D-8600 Bamberg, West Germany) is revis• ing his Classified Bibliography into 100 Years of Yeats Criticism. Professor William H. O'Donnell, Chaiman of the English Department, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA, continues to col• lect material for periodic updatings of his checklist of portraits and studio portrait photographs of Yeats (latest version in this issue). Dr John S. Kelly, general editor of The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats (Clarendon Press), would be pleased to hear of newly recovered letters of Yeats. His address is StJohn's College, Oxford, OXl 3JP, UK. Yeats Annual No. 9 will be a special number on Yeats and Women, and will be guest-edited by Deirdre Toomey. Contributions for Yeats Annual No. 10 should reach me by 1 May 1990, and those for Yeats Annual No. 11 by the same date in 1991 at

XV XVI Editor's Note

Department of English Royal Holloway and Bedford New College University of London Egham Hill Egham Surrey TW20 OEX UK

I should be pleased to receive offprints, review copies and other bibliographical information at this address. Further information for contributors and a style sheet are also available upon request. We can now accept copy from contributors in disk form, provided it is supplied on 3.5-inch double-density disks. We prefer material submitted in this way to have been compiled using Nota Bene 3, although we can also accept copy prepared with Microsoft Word 5 and Word Perfect 5. It is essential to send with the disk three copies on paper, and we advise you to send submissions in two separate parcels.

WARWICK GOULD Acknowledgements

Our chief debt of gratitude is to Miss Anne Yeats and Mr Michael B. Yeats for granting us permission (through A. P. Watt and Son Ltd) to use published and unpublished materials by W. B. Yeats in this volume. Unpublished materials are copyright Michael B. Yeats and Anne Yeats. Many of our contributors are further indebted to Michael Yeats and Anne Yeats for making unpublished materials available for study and for many other kindnesses, as is the Editor. Other unpublished materials have been made available to us through the kindness of the Literary Estate of Edmund Dulac, and a number of helpful libraries and librarians. Catherine Fahy of the National Library oflreland, the late Dr Lola L. Szladits of the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, New York Public Library (Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations), Peggy L. McMullen, formerly of the W. B. Yeats Microfilmed Manuscript Collection, State University of New York at Stony Brook, and the Keeper of Manuscripts at Trinity College, Dublin, have been especially helpful to contributors. The British Library, the University of London Library, and the library of Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, rendered great assistance to the Editor and Research Editor while they were assembling this volume. The unpublished letter from G. A. Greene toW. B. Yeats was the occasion of an exhaustive but unsuccessful attempt to trace anyone with an interest in Greene's literary property, and the Editor would be interested to hear from anyone claiming an interest in that property. Images reproduced in this volume have been provided through the generosity of Mr John B. Bransten, ·Professor James W. Flannery, a London private collector, the British Library, Mrs Rosita Fanto, and Dr George Sandulescu of the Princess Grace Irish Library, Monaco. Mr Roy Davies ofRoya) Holloway and Bedford New College, Univer• sity of London, provided great assistance in preparing images for reproduction. We continue to be grateful to Miss Riette Sturge Moore and the Trustees of the Sturge Moore estate for permission to use in the xvn XVlll Acknowledgements jacket-design a symbol adapted from Thomas Sturge Moore's designs for H. P.R. Finberg's translation of Axel (1925). Linda Shaughnessy of A. P. Watt and Son Ltd, Professor Roy Foster, FBA, ofBirkbeck College, University of London, and Dr John Kelly of St John's College, Oxford, were generous with permissions. At the Macmillan Press, Sarah Roberts-West and Tim Farmiloe were par• ticularly helpful during the preparation of this volume. Members of the Advisory Board again read a very large number of submissions for this number, and we are grateful both to them and to other readers: Professor George Mills Harper, Professor Ann Saddlemyer, Dr John Harwood, Dr Omar Pound, Professor A. Walton Litz, Professor Tet• suro Sano, Professor Martin Dodsworth, Mrs Valerie Murr and Mr David Ward. Deirdre Toomey as Research Editor took up the challenges which had defeated contributors and thus again found ways to make this a better book. I am very grateful to her.

WARWICK GOULD