DOCSLIB.ORG

(Danian) Belgium, Netherlands): W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 25(2-3) 127-161 1 fig., 1 tab., 9 pis. Leiden, oktober 1988 Echinoids from the Early Palaeocene (Danian) of the Maastricht area (NE Belgium, SE Netherlands): preliminary results by der R.W.J.M. van Ham Delft, The Netherlands Ham, R.W.J.M. van der. Echinoids from the Early Palaeocene (Danian) of the Maastricht area (NE Belgium, SE Netherlands): preliminary results. —Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 25 (2-3): 127-161, 1 fig., 1 tab., 9 pis. Leiden, October 1988. The echinoid fauna of the GeulhemChalk Member (Houthem Forma- tion, Early Palaeocene) is described and illustrated. It comprises twenty-eight species, twenty-one of which are regular. The material described was collected from two important sections in the Belgian and Dutch provinces ofLimburg. The fauna is compared with that oftime equivalent strata in the Mons Basin (S Belgium), and in Denmark and southern Sweden. of As data presented are a preliminary nature, no attempt is made to discuss the biostratigraphic value (spines of the genus Tylocidaris Pomel, 1883 in particular) of some species in this fauna. R.W.J.M. van der Ham, Piet Heinstraat 6, 2628 RK Delft, The Netherlands. 127 Contents Samenvatting, p. Introduction, p. 128 129 Acknowledgements, p. Localities and stratigraphy, p. 129 130 History and previous literature, p. 131 Systematic descriptions, p. and 156 Biostratigraphical biogeographical notes, p. Conclusion and suggestions for further study, p. 159 References, p. 159. Samenvatting Echinoiden uit het Paleoceen in de Vroeg (Danien) omgeving van Maastricht (NO België, ZO Nederland): voorlopige resultaten. 128 In de Maastricht in omgeving van zijn momenteel twee ontsluitingen aanwezig de Kalksteen van Geulhem Formatie de Curfs (Vroeg Paleoceen, Danien, van Houthem): voormalige groeve het Albertkanaal In de is alleen het onderste deel de (Nederland) en (België). eerstgenoemde van in de Kalksteen van Geulhem aanwezig, laatstgenoemde ook het bovenste deel. Dit artikel geeft een alle beschrijving van 28 zeegelsoorten (waaronder 21 regulaire) die in deze ontsluitingen in de Kalk- steen van Geulhem zijn aangetroffen. Speciale aandachtwordt besteed aan de zeeëgelfauna van het allerbovenste deelvan de Kalksteen dat 1985 1988 ontsloten van Geulhem, van tot was aan het Albertkanaal bij Kesselt. Dit deel leverde vele nieuwe het enkele hiervan soorten op voor gebied; zijn mogelijk nog niet beschreven. In de vorm van een historisch overzicht wordt een de literatuur samenvatting gegeven van met betrekking tot de zeeëgels van de Kalksteen van Geulhem. Veel van de in het Maastrichtse Danien voorkomende soorten zijn ook aangetroffen in het Danien en Montien van het Mons Bekken, in het zuiden in mindere in het Danien Denemarken Zuid-Zweden. van België, en, mate, van en Dit artikel beoogt een presentatie van voorlopige resultaten te zijn. Een aantal soorten kon nog niet worden gedetermineerd; enkele hiervan moeten mogelijk als nieuwe soorten beschreven worden. Voor is het niet het Voor de een vijftal soorten nog mogelijk gebleken om juiste genus te bepalen. vergelijking met de fauna’s uit het Mons Bekken en Denemarken/Zuid-Zweden is bijna uitsluitend uit die de correlaties dienen echter gebruik gemaakt van beschrijvingen van materiaal gebieden; aan Daarna eventueel het de hand van het materiaal zelf te worden gecontroleerd. is het mogelijk om Maastrichtse materiaal te gebruiken voor stratigrafische correlaties. Introduction During the excavations carried out with the aim of broadening the Albertkanaal SW of Maastricht, the opportunity existed to sample the complete section of the Geulhem Chalk (Early Palaeocene, in the Maastricht The Albertkanaal section contains also the of the Danian) area. upper part Geulhem Chalk; in the former Curfs quarry, the only other accessible exposure of Early Palaeocene in the environs of this is absent. In 1985 Mr deposits Maastricht, part probably M.J. van Birgelen Geulhem Albert- (Heerlen) discovered a probably yet unknown uppermost part of the Chalk in the kanaal section. The chalk the hard blocks in this Geulhem Chalk to soft, loamy among uppermost appeared con- tain a rich macrofauna. As the excavations progressed rapidly and the occurrence of the deposit be intensive carried the winterof proved to very local, sampling was out by sieving during 1985/1986. Afterwards, only occasionally was it possible to sample this fauna. In the beginning of 1988 the deposits were levelled. attention to the and rich echinoid fauna. In this the Special was paid well-preserved very way, number of species known from the Geulhem Chalk could be nearly tripled. Many of the new species from were previously recorded from the Montian of Eure (France), the Dano-Montianof the Mons region (S Belgium) and Zwartberg (NE Belgium), and from the Danian of Denmark/southern Sweden. Several earlier material from species described on very scanty (holotypes only) Caberg near and from collected in numbers. could be Maastricht, Zwartberg, were fairly large Some species not and thus be science. identified, may new to 129 with the echinoids from the Geulhem Chalk. This paper mainly deals uppermost They are final would demand of treated in a preliminary way, as a description a time-devouring study reference which is the the of the author. The also includes material, at moment beyond scope paper the echinoids from the lower of the parts Geulhem chalk, thus giving a state-of-affairs report of the echinoid fauna of the Palaeocene Early of the Maastricht area. Most of the studied and figured specimens belong to the collection of Mr M.J. van Birgelen (Heerlen). A small part is in the collection of the author. One specimen is from the collection of Mr from M. in W.M. Felder (Vijlen), and another one the Meijer collection the Natuurhistorisch Museum at Maastricht. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mr The author wishes to acknowledge the kind cooperation of Mr M.J. van Birgelen (Heerlen), W.M. Felder (Vijlen), and Mr H. Peeters (Natuurhistorisch Museum, Maastricht), who made the echinoid material described in this available for He is much indebted Mr paper study. to J.W.M. who useful Jagt (Venlo), provided many suggestions. LOCALITIES AND STRATIGRAPHY The studied from localities the former Curfs few hundred specimens originate two (Fig. 1): quarry, a metres NW of the village of Berg (The Netherlands), and the Albertkanaal between Veldwezelt and Vroenhoven (Belgium), to the West of Maastricht. They all stem from the Geulhem Chalk (Early Palaeocene, Danian), which is the stratigraphically oldest unit of the Tertiary in the Maastricht area. 6 in The Curfs section, representing the lower part of the Geulhem Chalk, measures about m with height. Most of the echinoids were collected from the lowermost metre, mainly by sieving a net in Worn of fauna elements the (1 mm mesh) water. fragments from underlying, transgressively eroded Maastrichtian encountered were only very rarely. The Albertkanaal section, representing the complete Geulhem Chalk, measured about 12 m in Echinoids from the lower and could be collected E and SE of the of height. upper part NE, village Chalk Kesselt (Belgium), along both sides of the canal. The uppermost Geulhem was only present of the the NE of Kesselt. It was exposed on the West bank of the canal, opposite stretch between and 87 the East the watermark. The rich Dutch boundary-marks nr 86 nr on bank, just above echinoid fauna from 1 thick of chalk with embedded stems an up to m layer soft, loamy large, rounded The The hard contained blocks. echinoids came from the soft material. blocks many casts of Bivalviaand Gastropoda, and sometimes of Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea), but echinoid material was with in seen only very rarely in them. Sampling mostly took place by sieving a net (1 mm mesh) The 'echinoid overlain 1.5 fossiliferous water. layer' was by an up to m thick, chalky, poorly layer. This Geulhem Chalk covered of uppermost was by a sandy deposit probably Tongrian age. 130 Fig. 1. Localities of former and present-day exposures of the Geulhem Chalk (Early Palaeocene, Danian) in the Maastricht based of WEST of the area, on parts sheets 61 and 62 topographical map 1: 80.000 (Topografische Dienst, 1981). HISTORY AND PREVIOUS LITERATURE the echinoid Danian in the Hyposalenia heliophora (Desor, 1846) was first to be described from deposits Maastricht area. In the 'Paleontologie frangaise', d'Orbigny (1855, 1856) and Cotteau (1866) des- cribed ? Linthia breviuscula, Procassidulus elongatus, and Goniopygus heberti for the environs of Maastricht. In 1863 Cotteau mentioned the occurrence of Tylocidaris hardouini from this region. All these early data demonstrate that already in the nineteenthcentury Danian deposits in the Maastricht area were accessible for palaeontological study. in the late nineteen localities Nearly a century later, fifties, Meijer discovered the presumed type of the mentioned above. Besides the former Curfs and the he knew species quarry Albertkanaal, two otherlocalities where Danian the SW of strata had been found: Louwberg, Maastricht, and a small the side of the Sint S of Maastricht quarry at western Pietersberg, (Meijer, 1959). These localities unknown of the (Fig. 1) are to the author present paper. Probably, only the lowermost part of the there. Geulhem Chalk was represented of S of In a listing exposures Maastricht, Felder (1963) treated the Danian stratigraphy of the Albertkanaal section, figuring several Tylocidaris spines. 131 Meijer (1965) listed 11 echinoid species for the 'Dano-Montian' in the neighbourhood of Maastricht Procassidulus P. chalmasi and P. aff. chalmasi P. while his Salenia (his sp., are elongatus, sp. be and Procassidulus proved to a juvenile Hyposalenia heliophora). Hyposalenia heliophora elongatus were considered by him as typical of his upper echinoid sequence of the Maastricht chalk. Rasmussen (1965) figured several cidaroid fragments, Procassidulus elongatus, and many other fossils from the 'Post-Maastrichtian' of the Albertkanaal and the former Curfs quarry. In 1972, Engel described ‘Phymosoma’ maastrichtensis for the Danian of the Belvedere quarry at NW of Maastricht.
Recommended publications
  • SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B

    SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B

    Hopkins and Smith, SI Appendix SI Appendix for Hopkins, Melanie J, and Smith, Andrew B. Dynamic evolutionary change in post-Paleozoic echinoids and the importance of scale when interpreting changes in rates of evolution. Corrections to character matrix Before running any analyses, we corrected a few errors in the published character matrix of Kroh and Smith (1). Specifically, we removed the three duplicate records of Oligopygus, Haimea, and Conoclypus, and removed characters C51 and C59, which had been excluded from the phylogenetic analysis but mistakenly remain in the matrix that was published in Appendix 2 of (1). We also excluded Anisocidaris, Paurocidaris, Pseudocidaris, Glyphopneustes, Enichaster, and Tiarechinus from the character matrix because these taxa were excluded from the strict consensus tree (1). This left 164 taxa and 303 characters for calculations of rates of evolution and for the principal coordinates analysis. Other tree scaling methods The most basic method for scaling a tree using first appearances of taxa is to make each internal node the age of its oldest descendent ("stand") (2), but this often results in many zero-length branches which are both theoretically questionable and in some cases methodologically problematic (3). Several methods exist for modifying zero-length branches. In the case of the results shown in Figure 1, we assigned a positive length to each zero-length branch by having it share time equally with a preceding, non-zero-length branch (“equal”) (4). However, we compared the results from this method of scaling to several other methods. First, we compared this with rates estimated from trees scaled such that zero-length branches share time proportionally to the amount of character change along the branches (“prop”) (5), a variation which gave almost identical results as the method used for the “equal” method (Fig.
  • Relative Biodiversity Trends of the Cenozoic Caribbean Region

    Relative Biodiversity Trends of the Cenozoic Caribbean Region

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2003 Relative biodiversity trends of the Cenozoic Caribbean Region : investigations of possible causes and issues of scale using a biostratigraphic database of corals, echinoids, bivalves, and gastropods William Gray Dean Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Dean, William Gray, "Relative biodiversity trends of the Cenozoic Caribbean Region : investigations of possible causes and issues of scale using a biostratigraphic database of corals, echinoids, bivalves, and gastropods. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2003. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5124 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by William Gray Dean entitled "Relative biodiversity trends of the Cenozoic Caribbean Region : investigations of possible causes and issues of scale using a biostratigraphic database of corals, echinoids, bivalves, and gastropods." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for
  • Late Cretaceous Echinoderm 'Odds and Ends' from the Low Countries

    Late Cretaceous Echinoderm 'Odds and Ends' from the Low Countries

    Special Issue Contemp.Trends.Geosci.,7(3),2018,255-282 DOI: 10.2478/ctg-2018-0018 Late Cretaceous echinoderm ‘odds and ends’ from the Low Countries John W.M. Jagt1,*, Barry W.M. van Bakel2, Mart J.M. Deckers3, Stephen K. Donovan4, René H.B. Fraaije2, Elena A. Jagt-Yazykova5, Johan Laffineur6, Eric Nieuwenhuis7, Bruno Thijs8 1Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands 2Oertijdmuseum, Bosscheweg 80, 5283 WB Boxtel, the Netherlands 3Industriestraat 21, 5931 PG Tegelen, the Netherlands 4Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands 5Uniwersytet Opolski, Katedra Biosystematyki, Pracownia Paleobiologii i Ewolucji, ul. Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland 6Olympialaan 1, bus 4, 3630 Maasmechelen, Belgium 7Hub. Ortmansstraat 4, 6286 EA Partij-Wittem, the Netherlands 8Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Geowetenschappen, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 19th July, 2018 Accepted: 29th October, 2018 Abstract From various levels within the Gulpen and Maastricht formations (upper lower to upper upper Maastrichtian, c. 69.5–66 Ma) in the extended type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (southeast Netherlands, northeast Belgium and the Aachen area in Germany), a few recent additions to echinoderm faunas are illustrated and briefly discussed. Added are some erratic, flint-preserved, pre-Maastrichtian echinoid taxa from Pleistocene fluvial gravel deposits; these are of palaeogeographical interest. Crinoids include the comatulid Semiometra saskiae with traces of sublethal predation and several bourgueticrinines. Amongst the latter, the species Dunnicrinus aequalis is found preserved in biocalcarenites as well as in flint, comprising a near-complete specimen with a spectacular, semi- closed crown and a number of dissolved thecae in nodules with flint-filled, 3D-preserved nerve canals.
  • Of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970

    Of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970

    Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970 PORTER M. KIER and MARY HURD LAWSON SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY NUMBER 34 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.

  • A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoids and the Evolution of Body

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947796; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoids and the Evolution of Body 2 Size across Adaptive Landscape 3 4 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1* & Jeffrey R. Thompson2 5 1 Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University. 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 6 06511, USA 7 2 Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, 8 Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 9 * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]. Tel.: +1 (203) 432-3114. 10 Fax: +1 (203) 432-3134. 11 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947796; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. MONGIARDINO KOCH & THOMPSON 12 Abstract 13 Several unique properties of echinoids (sea urchins) make them useful for exploring 14 macroevolutionary dynamics, including their remarkable fossil record that can be incorporated 15 into explicit phylogenetic hypotheses. However, this potential cannot be exploited without a 16 robust resolution of the echinoid tree of life. We revisit the phylogeny of crown group 17 Echinoidea using both the largest phylogenomic dataset compiled for the clade, as well as a 18 large-scale morphological matrix with a dense fossil sampling.

  • Of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1971-2008

    ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Serie A 112 195-470 Wien, Juni 2010 Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1971-2008 By Andreas KROH1 Manuscript submitted on November 20th 2009, the revised manuscript on January 21st 2010 Abstract All new taxa of fossil and living echinoids described from 1971 to 2008 are listed with their age, geographic and stratigraphic occurrence, repository of type material and bibliographic citation. Keywords: Echinodermata, Echinoidea, bibliography, species list, type material. Introduction Comprehensive listings of living and fossil echinoids for the species and genera estab- lished before 1970 were published by LAMBERT & THIÉRY (1909-25) and KIER & LAWSON (1978) respectively. KIER & LAWSON’s supplement for the years 1971-75 to their “Index of Living and Fossil Echinoids 1924-1970” has never been published. More than thirty years have passed since the latter publication and although the advent of information technology and the internet has made taxonomic research much easier, a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for echinoid species is still missing. At genus-level though, echinoids are de- scribed in detail in Andrew SMITH’s Echinoid Directory (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research- curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/index.html), an indispensible resource for anyone working with this group. This list was prepared utilizing a variety of resources, printed and online. The bulk of taxa was located by culling the current echinoderm literature for new taxa and by cross check- ing this list with the Zoological Record. Citations before 1971 are included if they were absent in LAMBERT & THIÉRY (1909-25) and KIER & LAWSON (1978).
  • Palaeontologia Electronica PALAEODIVERSITY OF

    Palaeontologia Electronica PALAEODIVERSITY OF

    Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org PALAEODIVERSITY OF CARIBBEAN ECHINOIDS INCLUDING NEW MATERIAL FROM THE VENEZUELAN NEOGENE Morana Mihaljević, Christian Klug, Orangel Aguilera, Thomas Lüthi and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra ABSTRACT The extensive Venezuelan coastline is very important for understanding the evolu- tion of the Caribbean marine fauna. We report new fossil material collected from three Neogene fossil sites in the Falcón Basin and present the first diversity analysis of the known fossil echinoids from Venezuela and other Caribbean regions. Five species are reported for the first time from Venezuela. Each of the three fossil sites shows a differ- ent taxonomic composition, which may be a consequence of differing palaeoecological conditions during the Neogene. Furthermore, the environmental changes caused by the closure of the Central American Isthmus may also have played a role. The analysis of the Venezuelan echinoid fossil record, including the new herein described material, reveals three major diversity decreases and a maximal diversity peak in the Middle Miocene instead of the Eocene as it is the case in other Caribbean echinoid faunas. The first diversity decrease at the end of the Early Cretaceous, recognised by a gap in the fossil record, unfolds new research potential. The second one, around the Eocene- Oligocene boundary, is interpreted as an extinction event, as has been recognized for other echinoid and invertebrate faunas throughout the Caribbean. In contrast to other Caribbean invertebrate faunas, the cause of the third diversity decrease of echinoids throughout the Caribbean appears to be the beginning, instead of the end, of the clo- sure of the Central American Isthmus.
  • A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoids and the Evolution of Body

    A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoids and the Evolution of Body

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947796; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoids and the Evolution of Body 2 Size across Adaptive Landscape 3 4 Nicolás Mongiardino Koch1* & Jeffrey R. Thompson2 5 1 Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University. 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 6 06511, USA 7 2 Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, 8 Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK 9 * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]. Tel.: +1 (203) 432-3114. 10 Fax: +1 (203) 432-3134. 11 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.947796; this version posted February 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. MONGIARDINO KOCH & THOMPSON 12 Abstract 13 Several unique properties of echinoids (sea urchins) make them useful for exploring 14 macroevolutionary dynamics, including their remarkable fossil record that can be incorporated 15 into explicit phylogenetic hypotheses. However, this potential cannot be exploited without a 16 robust resolution of the echinoid tree of life. We revisit the phylogeny of crown group 17 Echinoidea using both the largest phylogenomic dataset compiled for the clade, as well as a 18 large-scale morphological matrix with a dense fossil sampling.
  • (Cidaridae, Psychocidarinae) from Eastern Denmark

    (Cidaridae, Psychocidarinae) from Eastern Denmark

    Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 30(1-2) 41-73 15 figs, 4 tabs, 4 pis. Leiden, June 1993 Early Danian species of the echinoid genus Tylocidaris (Cidaridae, Psychocidarinae) from eastern Denmark Palle Gravesen Geological Museum Copenhagen, Denmark Palle. Danian of the echinoid from Denmark. — Contr. Gravesen, Early species genus Tylocidaris (Cidaridae, Psychocidarinae) eastern Tert. Quatern. Geol., 30(1-2): 41-73, 15 figs, 4 tabs, 4 pis. Leiden, June 1993. of the echinoid 1883 were used index fossils for the Danian Primary spines genus Tylocidaris Pomel, formerly widely as key (Early In their value such has been discredited and distribution has been shown be Palaeocene). recent years as tylocidarid species to diachronous in relation todinoflagellatebiostratigraphy as well as be facies-dependentto the extent that they are missing from important facies of Difficulties in correlation between the Danian of Denmark and southern Sweden have types the Danian. establishing a strata also affected their practical use. A biostratigraphical study based onspecimens collected bed by bed at Stevns Klint and additional studies localities situated in the Danian have evidence that the at Karlstrup quarry (both Stage type area, eastern Denmark), provided Early Danian tylocidarid zonation of Denmark and southern Sweden is essentially the same with T. oedumi Brünnich Nielsen, 1938 and T. for Limhamn abildgaardi Ravn, 1928 being restricted to two distinct zones, and thus not co-occurring as suggested by Brotzen (1959) the locality in Sweden. One major discrepancy between the Danish and Swedish biozonation schemes has thus been eliminated. Material collected shows that Middle Danian rosenkrantzi Zone is that this been at Karlstrup quarry an early present at locality, zone not having recorded from Denmark far.