DOCSLIB.ORG

Opening Lecture – 15O SICONBIOL Marcos Kogan (Oregon State

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Opening Lecture – 15O SICONBIOL Marcos Kogan (Oregon State EXPLORING SYNERGISMS OF BIOCONTROL AND PLANT RESISTANCE IN LEVEL III IPM Opening lecture – 15o SICONBIOL Marcos Kogan (Oregon State University, EUA) Host plant resistance and biocontrol are the two fundamental pillars of IPM. Of all the control tactics in the IPM arsenal, they are the ones with the most robust ecological foundations, and, in a few crop situations, one or the other alone or in combination have been responsible for keeping arthropod pest populations below an economic injury level. In 1980, the concept of tri-trophic interactions, i.e., the interactions between the host plant, the herbivore and its natural enemies, was introduced in the insect ecology literature. Since then much research has been conducted on the role of the host plant on the effectiveness of the natural enemies in regulating the herbivore pest population. Secondary compounds and physical traits that coevolved with the herbivores attacking the plant possessing those traits, have been shown to have positive or negative impacts on the complement of natural enemies of the herbivores. Recent research explored the possibility of incorporating this knowledge by removing from crop plants the negative factors or incorporating or augmenting the positive ones. Traditional plant breeding has resulted, in many crops, in the inadvertent loss of defensive traits. Some of these traits impose a metabolic coast to the plant that breeders prefer to invest in the increase of yields or the taste or cosmetic appearance of the crop product. Examples of loss of defenses in improved varieties are now available for several crops. The concept recently advanced in various parts of the world is to explore through traditional breeding procedures or using genetically engineering options to target specifically traits that favor the natural enemies in the tri-trophic system. The use of these traits is not necessarily limited to the simple combination of plant resistance and biocontrol, but also for use in conservation biocontrol, push-and-pull systems, trap crops, companion crops, and others. This brings us to the potential of these techniques to advance IPM to level III integration. Level III integration refers to pest management conceived at the ecosystem scale. To our knowledge, at present, few, if any IPM programs have been implemented at this level. This is, however, a goal that pest managers should aspire. For the purpose of this discussion the target ecosystem encompasses all crop fields and the surrounding natural vegetation, within a region defined by common physiographic and climatic conditions. Operating at such scale usually exceeds the control or decision-making by individual farmers and requires area-wide cooperation by farmers, plant-protection extension and research specialists. This level of cooperation can only be achieved by careful planning, a high level of communication, and government financial support. RESUMOS DOS PALESTRANTES ESTRANGEIROS Palestrante: Alejandra Bravo (UNAM, México) E-mail: [email protected] Titulo: Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produce different insecticidal toxins named Cry toxins that are used extensively in the control of different insect pest and in the control of insect vectors of human diseases. In this presentation, we will summarize recent findings on the mechanism of action of Cry toxins. Cry proteins are produced as protoxins of 130 kDa that after activation with proteases resulted in a toxin size of 60 kDa. The activated Cry toxins are modular proteins comprised of three domains connected by single linkers. Cry toxins interact with multiple receptor molecules leading to the formation of membrane pores in midgut cells of susceptible insects. Cry1Ab protoxin or activated-toxin are able to bind cadherin with similar affinities, the interaction with cadherin induces the oligomerization of the toxin, toxin oligomers bind with high affinity to specific receptor such as Aminopeptidase N (APN) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that help during insertion of the oligomer into the membrane. We propose a dual mechanism of action since we observed that two different pre-pores are produced depending if protoxin or activated toxin interacts with cadherin. These pre-pores differ in their apparent-size, sensitivity to temperature, capability to insert into synthetic membranes and their pore characteristics. The fact that different lepidopteran insect have developed resistance to activated Cry toxin but still are susceptible to Cry protoxin supports the dual mode of action where both pre-pores are involved in toxicity.An alternative model of Cry toxin action was proposed based in results obtained in an insect cell line Tni-H5 transfected with the cadherin gene from Manduca sexta, this alternative model proposes that interaction with cadherin activates a signal transduction cascade that activates a protein G. The protein G activates an Adenilate Cyclase that increases the concentration of cAMP. The cAMP activates a PKA protein that is responsible of killing the insect cell. We analyzed the mechanism of action of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in another insect cell line CF-1 that is naturally susceptible to these toxins. We show that CF-1 cells are kill by Cry toxins due to the pore formation activity of the toxin and that PKA, and Adenilate Cyclase did not participate in killing these cells. These data indicate that the proposed alternative mode of action of Cry toxin is not functional in all cell lines. Palestrante: Bala Devisetty (Valent BioSciences Corporation, EUA) E-mail: [email protected] Titulo: Biological insecticide formulations Biological insecticide products derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (B.t.k) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (B.t.a) are the most widely used microbial products in agriculture and are used alone, in integrated pest management (IPM) programs, in rotation with conventional pesticides for effective larval control of some pests from the lepidopterous order of insects. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Bt.te) is another microbe developed for control of some coleopteran pests such as Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Similarly, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (B.t.i) and Bacillus sphaericus (B.s) are two other microbial derived products of great importance in Public Health programs for control of various diseases caused by mosquito and black fly vectors. Commercial production of Bacillus spp. generally involves submerged fermentation. Several production parameters including media type, mineral nutrients and their concentrations, antifoams, growth conditions, recovery and processing methods can all affect physical and biological properties of the bacterium as well as products formulated from it. Similarly, formulation type, composition and manufacturing processes may have substantial influence on physical properties, stability, biological efficacy, and environmental persistence of the biological insecticide. Additionally, application methods, insect type and larval growth stage, environmental conditions, and tank-mixes with adjuvants, pesticide formulations and plant nutrient mixes can all affect the formulation’s biological stability and efficacy. Progress will be reviewed on the development of stable, efficacious, high potency and cost- effective novel biological insecticide formulations, specifically those based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, strain ABTS-351, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, strain ABTS-1857, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, strain AM 65-52 and Bacillus sphaericus, strain ABTS-1743 to suit a crop or crop stage, insect pest, habitat, application equipment and storage environment. Recent developments and research trends related to novel formulations toward enhanced spectrum of biological activity, persistence and resistance management will be emphasized. Palestrante: Benjamin de Havilland Raymond (Exeter University, UK) E-mail: [email protected] Titulo: The use of self-limiting insect release to overcome Bacillus thuringiensis resistance Genetically modified insects are of increasing interest as tools for managing pests. Supressible dominant lethal constructs, such as the ‘RIDL’ self limiting technology developed by Oxitec, can be thought of as genetic replacements of sterile insect release. In both SIT and RIDL large numbers of released males supress the reproductive potential of females. However, if RIDL lethality is restricted to females it is possible both to suppress populations and to introgress substantial genetic material into pests via the male line. Earlier experiments and theory indicated that female specific RIDL can supress the evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Using a range of selection experiments with Cry1Ac resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, we explored the conditions that would facilitate resistance management using both RIDL and a high dose / refuge strategy. We found that, compared to theoretical predictions, a relatively high release ratio and a low initial frequency of resistance alleles made resistance management with RIDL feasible. Discrepancies between theory and experiments could be explained by the lower than expected competitivenes of RIDL males and by population dynamic effects. Further work has explored how to optimise the culture and release of genetically modified insects for resistance management. We have explored different strategies for releasing insect in structured populations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h73n0f9 Journal Cladistics, 29(5) ISSN 07483007 Authors Heraty, John M Burks, Roger A Cruaud, Astrid et al. Publication Date 2013-10-01 DOI 10.1111/cla.12006 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Cladistics Cladistics 29 (2013) 466–542 10.1111/cla.12006 A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) John M. Heratya,*, Roger A. Burksa,b, Astrid Cruauda,c, Gary A. P. Gibsond, Johan Liljeblada,e, James Munroa,f, Jean-Yves Rasplusc, Gerard Delvareg, Peter Jansˇtah, Alex Gumovskyi, John Huberj, James B. Woolleyk, Lars Krogmannl, Steve Heydonm, Andrew Polaszekn, Stefan Schmidto, D. Chris Darlingp,q, Michael W. Gatesr, Jason Motterna, Elizabeth Murraya, Ana Dal Molink, Serguei Triapitsyna, Hannes Baurs, John D. Pintoa,t, Simon van Noortu,v, Jeremiah Georgea and Matthew Yoderw aDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; bDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; cINRA, UMR 1062 CBGP CS30016, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; dAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada; eSwedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7007, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; fInstitute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University
    [Show full text]
  • Naturalized Dolichogenidea Gelechiidivoris Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Complement The
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.27.445932; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Naturalized Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) complement the 2 resident parasitoid complex of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidopera:Gelechiidae) in Spain 3 Carmen Denis1, Jordi Riudavets1, Oscar Alomar1, Nuria Agustí1, Helena Gonzalez-Valero2, Martina 4 Cubí2, Montserrat Matas3, David Rodríguez4, Kees van Achterberg5, Judit Arnó1 5 1Sustainable Plant Protection Program, IRTA, Cabrils, Spain; 2Federació Selmar, Santa Susanna, Spain; 6 3ADV Baix Maresme, Vilassar de Mar, Spain; 4Agrícola Maresme Segle XXI, Olèrdola, Spain; 5Naturalis 7 Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands 8 9 Abstract 10 Our study aimed to assess the contribution of natural parasitism due to Necremnus tutae Ribes & 11 Bernardo (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to the biological control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) 12 (Lepidopera:Gelechiidae) in commercial plots where an IPM program based on the use of predatory mirid 13 bugs was implemented. During the samplings, the presence of another parasitoid was detected and, 14 therefore, a second part of our study intended to identify this species and to evaluate the importance of its 15 natural populations in the biological control of the pest. Leaflets with T. absoluta galleries were collected 16 during 2017–2020 from commercial tomato plots in the horticultural production area of Catalonia 17 (Northeast Spain), including greenhouses, open fields, and roof covered tunnels that lack side walls. In 18 the laboratory, T. absoluta larvae were classified as ectoparasitized, alive, or dead.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List
    The species collected in your Malaise trap are listed below. They are organized by group and are listed in the order of the 'Species Image Library'. ‘New’ refers to species that are brand new to our DNA barcode library. 'Rare' refers to species that were only collected in your trap out of all 59 that were deployed for the program. BIN Group (scientific name) Species Common Name Scientific Name New Rare BOLD:AAD1746 Spiders (Araneae) Dwarf spider Erigone aletris BOLD:AAD1498 Spiders (Araneae) Dwarf spider Grammonota angusta BOLD:AAP4796 Spiders (Araneae) Dwarf spider Spirembolus mundus BOLD:AAB0863 Spiders (Araneae) Thinlegged wolf spider Pardosa BOLD:AAB2768 Spiders (Araneae) Running crab spider Philodromus BOLD:ACJ7625 Mites (Arachnida) Mite Ameroseiidae BOLD:AAZ5638 Mites (Arachnida) Phytoseiid mite Phytoseiidae BOLD:AAF9236 Mites (Arachnida) Whirligig mite Anystidae BOLD:ABW5642 Mites (Arachnida) Whirligig mite Anystidae BOLD:AAP7016 Beetles (Coleoptera) Striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata BOLD:ABX3225 Beetles (Coleoptera) Flea beetle Psylliodes cucullata BOLD:AAA8933 Beetles (Coleoptera) Seven-spotted lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata BOLD:ACA3993 Beetles (Coleoptera) Snout beetle Dorytomus inaequalis BOLD:AAN9744 Beetles (Coleoptera) Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica BOLD:ACL4042 Beetles (Coleoptera) Weevil Curculionidae BOLD:ABA9093 Beetles (Coleoptera) Minute brown scavenger beetle Corticaria BOLD:ACD4236 Beetles (Coleoptera) Minute brown scavenger beetle Corticarina BOLD:AAH0256 Beetles (Coleoptera) Minute brown scavenger
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of the Biodiverse Parasitoid Hymenoptera (Insecta) to Assess Arthropod Diversity Associated with Topsoil Stockpiled
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 83 355–374 (2013) SUPPLEMENT The use of the biodiverse parasitoid Hymenoptera (Insecta) to assess arthropod diversity associated with topsoil stockpiled for future rehabilitation purposes on Barrow Island, Western Australia Nicholas B. Stevens, Syngeon M. Rodman, Tamara C. O’Keeffe and David A. Jasper. Outback Ecology (subsidiary of MWH Global), 41 Bishop St, Jolimont, Western Australia 6014, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – This paper examines the species richness and abundance of the Hymenoptera parasitoid assemblage and assesses their potential to provide an indication of the arthropod diversity present in topsoil stockpiles as part of the Topsoil Management Program for Chevron Australia Pty Ltd Barrow Island Gorgon Project. Fifty six emergence trap samples were collected over a two year period (2011 and 2012) from six topsoil stockpiles and neighbouring undisturbed reference sites. An additional reference site that was close to the original source of the topsoil on Barrow Island was also sampled. A total of 14,538 arthropod specimens, representing 22 orders, were collected. A rich and diverse hymenopteran parasitoid assemblage was collected with 579 individuals, representing 155 species from 22 families. The abundance and species richness of parasitoid wasps had a strong positive linear relationship with the abundance of potential host arthropod orders which were found to be higher in stockpile sites compared to their respective neighbouring reference site. The species richness and abundance of new parasitoid wasp species yielded from the relatively small sample area indicates that there are many species on Barrow Island that still remain to be discovered. This study has provided an initial assessment of whether the hymenoptera parasitoid assemblage can give an indication of arthropod diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Four New Species of Parasitoid Wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Described Through a Citizen Science Partnership with Schools in Regional South Australia
    Zootaxa 4949 (1): 079–101 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C917F76-75A1-4F46-829B-C5143D7AEADA Four new species of parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) described through a citizen science partnership with schools in regional South Australia ERINN P. FAGAN-JEFFRIES1,2*, ANDREW D. AUSTIN1,2,4 & CITIZEN SCIENCE PARTICIPANTS OF INSECT INVESTIGATORS3 1Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. 2South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia 3Students and teachers of Cowell Area School, Macclesfield Primary School, Ramco Primary School and Waikerie Primary School, Australia. 4 [email protected] , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-2276 *Corresponding author. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-6255 Abstract Involving the community in taxonomic research has the potential to increase the awareness, appreciation and value of taxonomy in the public sphere. We report here on a trial citizen science project, Insect Investigators, which partners taxonomists with school students to monitor Malaise traps and prioritise the description of new species collected. In this initial trial, four schools in regional South Australia participated in the program and all collected new species of the braconid subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). These four species are here described as new, with the names being chosen in collaboration with the participating school students: Choeras ramcomarmorata Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., Glyptapanteles drioplanetus Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips Pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences 2009 Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana Celia K. Boone Diana Six University of Montana - Missoula, [email protected] Steven J. Krauth Kenneth F. Raffa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/decs_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Boone, Celia K.; Six, Diana; Krauth, Steven J.; and Raffa, Kenneth F., "Assemblage of Hymenoptera Arriving at Logs Colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its Microbial Symbionts in Western Montana" (2009). Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications. 33. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/decs_pubs/33 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 172 Assemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana Celia K. Boone Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin,
    [Show full text]
  • Report 2018-19
    All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 2018-19 Compiled and edited by B. Ramanujam Richa Varshney M. Sampath Kumar Amala Udayakumar Jagadeesh Patil K. Selvaraj Sunil Joshi Chandish R. Ballal ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru 560 024 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 2018-19 Compiled and edited by B. Ramanujam Richa Varshney M. Sampath Kumar Amala Udayakumar Jagadeesh Patil K. Selvaraj Sunil Joshi Chandish R. Ballal ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru 560 024 Cover page: Frontline demonstrations, large scale demonstrations, lab to land programs, extension activities and farmers’ meetings at different AICRP – BC centers Photo credits: All AICRP – BC centers Copyright © Director, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 2019 This publication is in copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the Director, NBAIR, Bengaluru except for brief quotations, duly acknowledged, for academic purposes only. Cover design: Sunil Joshi Technical Programme for 2018-19 I. BASIC RESEARCH I. Biodiversity of biocontrol agents from various agro-ecological zones I.1 National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources I.1.1 Taxonomic and biodiversity studies on parasitic Ichneumonidae
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
    Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of the World Literature of the Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida December 1986 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD LITERATURE OF THE BETHYLIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLOIDEA) Bradford A. Hawkins University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR Gordon Gordh University of California, Riverside, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Hawkins, Bradford A. and Gordh, Gordon, "BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD LITERATURE OF THE BETHYLIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLOIDEA)" (1986). Insecta Mundi. 509. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/509 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 1, no. 4, December 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 26 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD LITERATURE OF THE BETHYLIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLOIDEA) 1 2 Bradford A. Hawkins and Gordon Gordh The Bethylidae are a primitive family of Anonymous. 1905. Notes on insect pests from aculeate Hymenoptera which present1y the Entomological Section, Indian consists of about 2,200 nominal species. Museum. Ind. Mus. Notes 5:164-181. They are worldwide in distribution and all Anonymous. 1936. Distribuicao de vespa de species are primary, external parasites of Uganda. Biologic0 2: 218-219. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera larvae. Due to Anonymous. 1937. A broca le a vespa. their host associations, bethylids are Biol ogico 3 :2 17-2 19. potentially useful for the biological Anonymous. 1937. Annual Report. Indian Lac control of various agricultural pests in Research Inst., 1936-1937, 37 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitoid Abundance and Community Composition in Desert Vineyards and Their Adjacent Natural Habitats
    insects Article Parasitoid Abundance and Community Composition in Desert Vineyards and Their Adjacent Natural Habitats Michal Segoli 1,*, Miriam Kishinevsky 2, Tamir Rozenberg 1 and Ishai Hoffmann 2 1 Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel; [email protected] 2 Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (I.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 July 2020; Accepted: 24 August 2020; Published: 1 September 2020 Simple Summary: Desert agricultural systems are characterized by extreme contrast in environmental conditions between the irrigated fields and their surrounding natural habitats. We compared insect communities between vineyards and their surrounding desert habitats, in a hyper-arid region in Israel. We focused on parasitoid wasps—a highly diverse group with members that are important for the biological control of insect pests. Parasitoids were more abundant outside of the vineyard at the beginning of the vine growth season and became more abundant within the vineyard habitats later in the season. In contrast to our predictions, many parasitoid species were found both within and outside of the vineyards. This highlights the importance of the natural surrounding habitats in maintaining and providing resources for potentially beneficial biological control agents and calls for their preservation. Abstract: Parasitoids are important natural enemies of many agricultural pests. Preserving natural habitats around agricultural fields may support parasitoid populations. However, the success of such an approach depends on the ability of parasitoids to utilize both crop and natural habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Fibiger 1945 - 2011
    Esperiana Band 16: 7-38 Schwanfeld, 06. Dezember 2011 ISBN 978-3-938249-01-7 Michael FIBIGER 1945 - 2011 Our dear friend and colleague, Michael FIBIGER, died on 16 February, 2011, peacefully and in the presence of the closest members of his family. For close on 18 months he had battled heroically and with characteristic determination against a particularly unpleasant form of cancer, and continued with his writing and research until close to the end. Michael was born on 29 June, 1945, in Hellerup, a suburb of Copenhagen, and began catching moths at the age of nine, particularly in the vicinity of the summer house where they stayed on the north coast of Zealand. By the time he was 11, he wanted to join the Danish Lepidoptera Society but was told he was too young and must wait “a couple of years”. So, exactly two years later he applied again and was accepted – as the youngest-ever Member of the Society. Michael always knew he wanted to be a teacher, and between 1965 and 1970 he attended training college at Hel- lerup Seminarium. Having graduated, he taught Danish, Biology and Special Education at Gentofte School until 1973. In the meantime, he studied Clinical Psychology at the University of Copenhagen from 1970 to 1976, and from 1973 to 1981 he became School Psychologist for elementary schools and high schools in the municipality of Gentofte, work which involved investigation and testing of children with psychiatric problems, counselling, supervi- sion and therapy. He was also an instructor in drug prevention for the Ministry of Education.
    [Show full text]