Corak Pemikiran Dan Metode Ijtihad Ibn Taymiyyah
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The Existence of Maslahah Mursalah As the Basis of Islamic Law Development in Indonesia
Jurnal Krtha Bhayangkara, Volume 13 Nomor 2, Desember 2019 THE EXISTENCE OF MASLAHAH MURSALAH AS THE BASIS OF ISLAMIC LAW DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Adi Nur Rohman Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya [email protected] Naskah diterima: Revisi: Naskah disetujui: 2/09/2019 22/09/2019 4/10/2019 Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsepsi maslahah dalam wacana perkembangan hukum Islam. Selanjutnya, makalah ini menguraikan keberadaan masalah dan melihat lebih dalam ke dalam implementasi masalah sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Makalah ini adalah yuridis normatif menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal. Pada akhirnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsepsi maslahah adalah metode penggalian hukum Islam yang didasarkan pada aspek manfaat dan kebaikan bagi manusia selama tidak bertentangan dengan norma syariah Islam. Selain itu, implementasi masalah sebagai dasar untuk penemuan hukum Islam di Indonesia tidak dapat disangkal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari daruratnya undang-undang atau peraturan di bawahnya yang mengatur berbagai aspek hukum Islam di Indonesia dalam menanggapi masalah kehidupan masyarakat sebagai dampak dari zaman dan teknologi. Kata Kunci: eksistensi, maslahah mursalah, hukum Islam. Abstract This paper aims to analyze the conception of maslahah in the discourse of the development of Islamic law. Furthermore, this paper elaborates the existence of maslahah mursalah and looks deeper into the implementation of maslahah as a basis for the development of Islamic law in Indonesia. This paper is normative juridical using a doctrinal approach. In the end, it can be concluded that the conception of maslahah is a method of extracting Islamic law which is based on aspects of benefit and goodness for humans as long as it does not conflict with Islamic sharia norms. -
Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 Studying Jihadism 2 3 4 5 6 Volume 2 7 8 9 10 11 Edited by Rüdiger Lohlker 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 The volumes of this series are peer-reviewed. 37 38 Editorial Board: Farhad Khosrokhavar (Paris), Hans Kippenberg 39 (Erfurt), Alex P. Schmid (Vienna), Roberto Tottoli (Naples) 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 Rüdiger Lohlker (ed.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jihadism: Online Discourses and 8 9 Representations 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 With many figures 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 & 37 V R unipress 38 39 Vienna University Press 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; 24 detailed bibliographic data are available online: http://dnb.d-nb.de. -
Urgensi Ijtihad Saintifik Dalam Menjawab Problematika Hukum Transaksi Kontemporer
Volume 4, Nomor 2, Desember 2011 URGENSI IJTIHAD SAINTIFIK DALAM MENJAWAB PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM TRANSAKSI KONTEMPORER Oleh : Fauzi M Abstract: This article will discuss abaout the rational urgency to do scientific ijtihad to answer the legal issues of contemporary transaction and also perform scientific ijtihad basis and examples of scientific ijtihad in answering legal issues of contemporary transactions. Key words: rational urgency, scientific ijtihad, contemporary transaction. Pendahuluan Era globalisasi (the age of globalization), dalam beberapa literatur dinyatakan bermula pada dekade 1990‐an.1 Era ini ditandai, diantaranya dengan adanya fenomena penting dalam bidang ekonomi. Kegiatan ekonomi dunia tidak hanya dibatasi oleh faktor batas geografi, bahasa, budaya dan ideologi, akan tetapi lebih karena faktor saling membutuh‐kan dan saling bergantung satu sama lain.2 Dunia menjadi seakan‐akan tidak ada batas, terutama karena perkembangan teknologi informasi yang begitu pesat. Keadaan yang 1 Globalization is accepted as one of the fundamental of the processes that characterize the contemporary world, a process leading towards an increasingly strong interdependence between increasingly large parts of the world. S. Parvez Manzoor (2004), “Book Review ‘Islam in the Era of Globalization: Muslim Attitudes Towards Modernity and Identity” oleh Johan Meuleman (ed.) (2002), London: RoutledgeCurzon, dimuat dalam Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2, Mei 2004, Oxford: Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, h. 280. 2 Jan Pronk (2001), “Globalization: A Developmental Approach”, dalam Jan Nederveen Pieterse (ed.), Global Futures, Shaping Globalization, London: Zed Books, h. 43. 20 Fauzi M, Urgensi Ijtihad ... demikian melahirkan banyak peluang sekaligus tantangan,3 terutamanya dalam hal transaksi (muamalah) kepa‐da semua pihak, termasuk umat Islam.4 Proses globalisasi diperkirakan semakin bertambah cepat pada masa mendatang, sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Colin Rose bahwa dunia sedang berubah dengan kecepatan langkah yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. -
Ijtihad Institutions: the Key to Islamic Democracy Bridging and Balancing Political and Intellectual Islam Adham A
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business Volume 9 | Issue 1 Article 4 2010 Ijtihad Institutions: The Key To Islamic Democracy Bridging And Balancing Political And Intellectual Islam Adham A. Hashish Alexandria University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/global Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Adham A. Hashish, Ijtihad Institutions: The Key To Islamic Democracy Bridging And Balancing Political And Intellectual Islam, 9 Rich. J. Global L. & Bus. 61 (2010). Available at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/global/vol9/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\server05\productn\R\RGL\9-1\RGL103.txt unknown Seq: 1 2-FEB-10 14:13 IJTIHAD INSTITUTIONS: THE KEY TO ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY BRIDGING AND BALANCING POLITICAL AND INTELLECTUAL ISLAM Adham A. Hashish* “Be conscious of God, And speak always the truth.”1 Religion is a timeless culture in the Middle East. This article interprets Islam not only as part of the problem of democracy in the Middle East, but rather part of the solution. It proposes a formula of checks and balances that has its origins in Islamic history. In order to introduce this topic, first, I will focus on three stories; second, I will tell some history; and third, I will make my argument. Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, is a common source of information. -
Untangling the Complex Web of Islamic Law: Revolutionizing the Sharia Maliha Masood
The Fletcher School Online Journal for issues related to Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization Fall 2003, Article 4 Untangling the Complex Web of Islamic Law: Revolutionizing the Sharia Maliha Masood The Foundation of the sharia is wisdom and the safeguarding of people’s interests in this world and the next. In its entirety, it is justice, mercy and wisdom. Every rule which transcends justice to tyranny, mercy to its opposite, the good to the evil and wisdom to triviality does not belong to the sharia although it might have been introduced therein by implication. The sharia is God’s justice and mercy among His people. —Ibn al‐Qayyim al‐Jawziya, Medieval Muslim Jurist Seeking knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim. —Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) hotly contested decisions. Therefore, the The Concept of Law in Islam peculiarity inherent in Islamic law is its dual When scholars, politicians or lay observers nature as both divine law and jurists’ law. speak of “Islamic law,” it is presumed that they It is important to keep in mind that the sharia are referring to “the sharia.” However, as becomes law through the process of interpretation, 2 demonstrated in this analysis, there is a subtle, codification and legislation. This is the but important, distinction between these two fundamental goal of Muslim jurisprudence: to terms. The sharia is the totality of divine reach an understanding (fiqh) of God’s categorizations of human acts as laid out in the articulations (sharia). Consequently, Muslim legal Quran and the Hadith, constituting issues of both theory is referred to as usul‐al‐fiqh or the sources 1 3 legality and morality. -
M. Fethullah Gülen's Understanding of Sunnah
M. FETHULLAH GÜLEN’S UNDERSTANDING OF SUNNAH Submitted by Mustafa Erdil A thesis in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Theology Faculty of Theology and Philosophy Australian Catholic University Research Services Locked Bag 4115 Fitzroy, Victoria 3065 Australia 23 JULY 2016 1 | P a g e STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND SOURCES This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. All research procedures in the thesis received the approval of the relevant Ethics/Safety Committees (where required). Mustafa Erdil 23 JULY 2016 Signature: ABSTRACT The aim and objective of this study is to highlight the importance of and the status of hadith in Islam, as well as its relevance and reference to sunnah, the Prophetic tradition and all that this integral source of reference holds in Islam. Furthermore, hadith, in its nature, origin and historical development with its close relationship with the concept of memorisation and later recollection came about after the time of Prophet Muhammad. This study will thus explore the reasons behind the prohibition, in its initial stage, with the authorisation of recording the hadiths and its writing at another time. The private pages of hadith recordings kept by the companions will be sourced and explored as to how these pages served as prototypes for hadith compilations of later generations. -
An Introduction to Collective Ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama‘I): Concept and Applications
An Introduction to Collective Ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama‘i): Concept and Applications Aznan Hasan Abstract This article explores the concept of collective ijtihad as a means of determining new judicial judgments. Accordingly, it analyzes the theoretical framework of this kind of ijtihad and its applica- tion by discussing the various institutions that practice it. In gen- eral, this article seeks to present this as a practical mechanism for ascertaining the Shari‘ah’s opinion concerning the Muslim ummah on a variety of current issues. At the outset, it will pre- sent briefly the controversy concerning the closure of the gate of ijtihad, for this kind of ijtihad relies heavily upon our recogni- tion that, throughout the history of Islamic law, jurists have never abandoned the task of ijtihad. The Controversy Surrounding the Theory of the Closure of the Gate of Ijtihad In his introduction, Joseph Schacht asserted that Islamic law is no longer relevant to modern life, due to its inflexibility and consequent inability to meet the constant changes therein. He stated further that the nature of Islamic law’s unchanging principles had inevitably resulted in this situa- tion. At the time of the classical jurists, although the nature of the system was the same, those involved in legal matters found a remedy for Islamic Aznan Hasan has a B.A. (Hons.) from al-Azhar, an M.A. from Cairo University, and is cur- rently working on his Ph.D. in Islamic law at the University of Wales, Lampeter, England. He is a lecturer at the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Law, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. -
The Concept of Jihad in Islam
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 9, Ver. 7 (Sep. 2016) PP 35-42 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Concept of Jihad In Islam Ramlan TengkuErwinsyahbana Nurul Hakim Abstract.:-It is an undisputable fact that jihad is an Islamic teaching that is explicitly mentioned in Quran, Hadith, ijma'as well as various fiqh literature from classical time to the contemporary time. Jihad term often used for things that are destructive by western scholars and society. For them, jihad is synonymous with terrorism. The similarization of the word Jihad with the word terrorism in the Western perception is strongly reinforced by a series of terror committed by Muslims in the name of jihad. These acts have been increasingly affecting the interpretation of the word jihad in a negative way although in reality that is not the case in a contemporary context. Jihad in contemporary understanding is not just a war against visible enemies but also a war against the devil and carnality. Even a war against visible enemies that are written in classical fiqh books has now replaced by a contemporary interpretation of jihad against the enemies, as was done by Dr. ZakirNaik. KEYWORDS:Concept, Jihad and Islam I. INTRODUCTION When the 9/11 attack hit the United States more than a decade ago, the term jihad became a trending topic worldwide. The US and other Western countries in general claim that the perpetrators of the 9/11 attack were following the doctrine of Jihad in Islam in order to fight against America and its allies around the world. -
Defining Shariʿa the Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib
Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review By Shoaib A. Ghias A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Professor Martin M. Shapiro Professor Asad Q. Ahmed Summer 2015 Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review © 2015 By Shoaib A. Ghias Abstract Defining Shariʿa: The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib A. Ghias Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy University of California, Berkeley Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Since the Islamic resurgence of the 1970s, many Muslim postcolonial countries have established and empowered constitutional courts to declare laws conflicting with shariʿa as unconstitutional. The central question explored in this dissertation is whether and to what extent constitutional doctrine developed in shariʿa review is contingent on the ruling regime or represents lasting trends in interpretations of shariʿa. Using the case of Pakistan, this dissertation contends that the long-term discursive trends in shariʿa are determined in the religio-political space and only reflected in state law through the interaction of shariʿa politics, regime politics, and judicial politics. The research is based on materials gathered during fieldwork in Pakistan and datasets of Federal Shariat Court and Supreme Court cases and judges. In particular, the dissertation offers a political-institutional framework to study shariʿa review in a British postcolonial court system through exploring the role of professional and scholar judges, the discretion of the chief justice, the system of judicial appointments and tenure, and the political structure of appeal that combine to make courts agents of the political regime. -
Interpretive Communities and the Origins of Islamic Finance
Originally published in 48 Va. J. Int'l L. 249 (2008). © 2008 by the Virginia Journal of International Law Association. Posted with permissions. You Say You Want a Revolution: Interpretive Communities and the Origins of Islamic Finance *† HAIDER ALA HAMOUDI TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.......................................................................................... 250 I. Langdellian Formalism in the Islamic Experience.................... 259 A. Islamic Langdellianism Defined ..................................... 259 B. Islamic Langdellianism in Application ........................... 262 II. Shi’ism’s Organizational and Religious Authority ................... 264 A. Shi’ism and the Imamate................................................. 264 B. Shi’i Religious Authority in the Modern Era .................. 266 1. Principles of Usuli Shi’ism................................... 266 2. The Role of the Mujtahids.................................... 269 3. The Rise of Sadr ................................................... 270 III. The Discovery of Islamic Economics ....................................... 273 A. Conceptions of Economic Order ..................................... 274 1. Delineation of Objectives..................................... 274 2. Doctrinal Theory of Economics ........................... 275 B. Neutral Role for Shari’a in a Functional System............. 277 1. Shari’a as Limitation ............................................ 277 2. Shari’a as Signpost ............................................... 278 -
In Yohanan Friedmann (Ed.), Islam in Asia, Vol. 1 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984), P
Notes INTRODUCTION: AFGHANISTAN’S ISLAM 1. Cited in C. Edmund Bosworth, “The Coming of Islam to Afghanistan,” in Yohanan Friedmann (ed.), Islam in Asia, vol. 1 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984), p. 13. 2. Erica C. D. Hunter, “The Church of the East in Central Asia,” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 78 (1996), pp. 129–42. On Herat, see pp. 131–34. 3. On Afghanistan’s Jews, see the discussion and sources later in this chapter and notes 163 to 169. 4. Bosworth (1984; above, note 1), pp. 1–22; idem, “The Appearance and Establishment of Islam in Afghanistan,” in Étienne de la Vaissière (ed.), Islamisation de l’Asie Centrale: Processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle, Cahiers de Studia Iranica 39 (Paris: Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes, 2008); and Gianroberto Scarcia, “Sull’ultima ‘islamizzazione’ di Bāmiyān,” Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, new series, 16 (1966), pp. 279–81. On the early Arabic sources on Balkh, see Paul Schwarz, “Bemerkungen zu den arabischen Nachrichten über Balkh,” in Jal Dastur Cursetji Pavry (ed.), Oriental Studies in Honour of Cursetji Erachji Pavry (London: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1933). 5. Hugh Kennedy and Arezou Azad, “The Coming of Islam to Balkh,” in Marie Legen- dre, Alain Delattre, and Petra Sijpesteijn (eds.), Authority and Control in the Countryside: Late Antiquity and Early Islam (London: Darwin Press, forthcoming). 6. For example, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), Arabic Documents from Early Islamic Khurasan (London: Nour Foundation/Azimuth Editions, 2007). 7. Richard W. Bulliet, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quan- titative History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979); Derryl Maclean, Re- ligion and Society in Arab Sind (Leiden: Brill, 1989); idem, “Ismailism, Conversion, and Syncretism in Arab Sind,” Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies 11 (1992), pp. -
A Critical Analysis of Islamic Studies in Malay on Contemporary Issues; Malaysia*.Approximately 1975 to the Present Day
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN MALAY ON CONTEMPORARY ISSUES; MALAYSIA*.APPROXIMATELY 1975 TO THE PRESENT DAY By Md.Zaki bin Abd Manan A Thesis presented for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Faculty of Art at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Department of Language and Culture of South East Asia and the Islands 1994 ProQuest Number: 10673066 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673066 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT Abstract My thesis is divided into six chapters which include a general overview of the socio-political and economic background of the Malay Muslim society, a definition of the term Malay and Muslim and the various interpretations that arise from these definitions, the changes experienced by the Muslim society before and after Malaysia's Independence, the importance of Islam in the everyday life of the Muslims, the subsequent developments of the Malay textual tradition starting from the coming of Isl"am to Malaysia until the present day.