October 2010 Phone 044-620-3338 Fax 044-620-3176 Email: [email protected] www.greatbrakriver.co.za

Editor3B Rene’ de Kock

Dear Museum Friends Issue 10 of 2010 October brings about new

opening times. September has been a busy month ending with the museum celebrating Heritage Day and the theme Heritage of Agriculture. We would like to thank the many The Museum is businesses which assisted the museum with donations and a full list is seen below. open Monday, Having run out of space, lots of news will have to wait until next month. Tuesday, Thursday and Friday It becomes all too easy to believe what appears on ‘official’ websites. between 9 am and 4 pm and on Allen Duff corrects our last month’s write up on Laingsberg; see page 9: "It was Wednesdays from also here that the controversial Boer Commandant Gideon Scheepers was 9.00 to 12.30 pm. captured during the Anglo-Boer war." The Department of

Water Affairs and Scheepers was actually captured about 80 kms east of Laingsburg on the farm Forestry reports that Koppieskraal on the banks of the Dwyka River. In 2001 Allan writes he attended a during the fourth centenary commemorative ceremony of the capture marked by the unveiling of a week in September monument adjacent to the site of the cottage (no longer in existence). 2010, our Interestingly Deneys Reitz & the other five in the Conradie group (who were Wolwedans dam separated from Smuts's commando) called at the same cottage 10 days later while water level is still trekking northwards. going down and is 15.90% full. Come and hear more on the TOPIC by ALLEN DUFF: “CHASING BOER The bottom 12.0% WAR GHOSTS” at the Heritage Societies AGM on layer may not be th Thursday 7 October at 18.30 at the St. Peters Parish Hall. suitable for irrigation.

Thinking about our World cup stadia and the problems with filling them, I saw very recently on Sky news that British county cricket is in the doldrums with low crowd attendance.

Last year having introduced 20/20 county cricket some time previously, all was well with record crowds. This year there is hardly a spectator. It can't just be the grounds entry cost. It probably goes much deeper and I believe the full effects of the recession are really beginning to bite. The other dam of importance in the Having said this and considering the recent demise of our Choo-Tjoe, a quick Wolwedans catchment comment about the recession in England from a UK visitor. area is the very small He helps out on steam train specials Yorkshire e.g. York/Scarborough. Ernest Robertson dam Their summer loadings have been 450 - 500 per train at an average cost of £30. which is 97.8% full

Years ago when we offered to help out the section for buckshee, we were Did you know we politely refused. The excuse being there was too much red tape. have been on water restrictions for more than a year? We have been honoured; if you would like earlier copies of this year’s newsletters please go to the Department of the Premier - Isebe leNkulumbuso yePhondo - Departement van die Premier, Provincial A year ago in Government of the . September our Wolwedans dam http://www.capegateway.gov.za/eng/pubs/mags/202412/200975 water level stood at 44.50% full. GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 1 In March 2006 Barrv Grewenstein wrote a letter in the Groot Brak Post, GREAT BRAK NEEDS TO WAKE UP. After many years it has finally been recognised that Hope de Kock Tourism is a greater asset to SA than Gold. The potential foreign and local income would like to from tourism is actually unrestricted. All we have to do is make our village, sincerely thank the following persons province and country exciting and enticing enough to visit and then provide the and organisations tourist with an experience that will bring them and their friend back time and who assisted the again. How difficult is it to understand this? museum with her Yet, when one looks at the condition of our roads, sidewalks and general aesthetic fund raising effort appeal of our village and its main streets, one cannot but wonder when our local on Heritage day. authorities will wake up and smell the money. We are sitting on a gold mine here Baruch’s Coffee in . Many predict this to be the next "bloom" region along the . But we need to make our village more attractive and desirable to Fruit & Veg visitors. George We need an attractive "main" road, we need trees and gardens, we need Morningside businesses to be encouraged to make their buildings and offices appealing with Fresh Eggs window boxes, flowering plants etc .... take a look at what Bokkie Estate Agents Golden Harvest have done to their property and let's try to get that done all the way on Long George Street. It is possible. Tourism will attract huge amounts of revenue (read this as Van Rensberg’s expansion and job creation) to our region. VUKA guys and let's do something ‘Mr Meat’ about it before it's too late! The Museum and Crafts Workshop Well what are we waiting for? The municipality has since Committee macadamised Long Street, paved several of our pedestrian sidewalks Ladies and are regularly cleaning up pavements in and around the village. Du Bruyn Butchery On the 17th August this year, the municipality has approved the Buo Coffee “Formaplan” report which is the go ahead to zone Long Street into Great Brak River appropriate Heritage and Business areas. This is only the start to a ‘Spar’ complete overall and improvement to our village. In time for Christmas, Hopes If we get it right, the tourists will flock to the village. If not? fund raising “Hands On” crafts Untidy homeowner fined thousands workshop in October on ‘Iris Recently a woman has been ordered to pay more than R45,000.oo after failing to Folding’ Cards will comply with a notice ordering her to tidy up the outside of her house. be held at the Great Brak River Helen Mary Jayaraj was fined R27,500.oo and told to pay R17,500.oo in costs by Museum on magistrates in Dartford after her home in Wrotham Road, Gravesend, remained in Tuesday 18th. a poor condition two years on from the site notice being issued. Please call Hope de Magistrates said it was absolutely clear to the court that Mrs Jayaraj had "wilfully Kock on failed to comply with the notice" issued to her by Gravesham Borough Council 044 6205124 or back in November 2006. 083 378 1232 for full details. The notice which was served under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 stated a number of areas the defendant had to improve which included, removing rubbish and weeds from the property, fixing windows and doors, and repairing or demolishing outbuildings.

Mrs Jayaraj must now pay monthly instalments to the court until the full R45,000.oo is paid.

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 2 "Celebrating Heritage Day in Great Brak" Information by your editor

The International Day for Monuments and Sites and informally known as the World Heritage Day was created in April 1982. This special day offers an opportunity to raise public’s awareness concerning the diversity of the world’s heritage and the efforts that are required to protect and conserve it, as well as to draw attention to its vulnerability.

In it is a newly created public holiday and its significance rests in recognising aspects of South African culture which are both tangible and often difficult to pin down: creative expression, our historical inheritance, language, the food we eat as well as the land in which we live. The individual themes celebrated by local heritage and other organisations are therefore somewhat diverse. The Great Brak River Museum followed the International Heritage Day theme ‘Heritage of Agriculture’ as this is more applicable to what we are presently researching at the museum.

Researching the history of the coloured people in Great Brak is extremely interesting and has brought to light many historic details which were thought to be lost. We have found many more details on the gravity operated irrigation furrows which in the times before electricity were the life blood of our community. Chapter eight on display in the museum of the book in progress, ‘Moving to Greener Pastures’ provides interesting highlights of the community gardens built before and after the turn of the century.

The coloured kindergarten behind the museum undertook a bean growing project where forty four bean plants were cultivated from the bean seed which is packed in cotton wool allowing the children to experience the phenomena of germination and growth. This was on display on the 24th September at the museum. We could not keep it longer as the children are taking the growing beans home to show their parents.

A fun day was organised at the museum and although it was a typical spring day, cold and windy, the rain stayed away and much fun was had by all. A real farm breakfast was provided for the hungry and for those who felt this was too much; Baruch’s coffee, tea and cake were available. Interesting farm products, cheeses, honey and eggs and spring vegetables were on sale.

Olives were by father Ted, herb plants by Coralie and genuine hay bales for the kids to romp on. Hope de Kock and her team of lady helpers arranged the events and provided the catering and tables.

Our local supporters turned out in force to enjoy the food and company and visitors came from as far away as Knysna. All income received goes to museum funding.

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 3

What’s on at the museum and Great Brak River this month? Month & Description Supported Contact person provisional date by 9.30 am to October Pre-owned books on sale in the Museum 4.00 pm The museum Shop….Every week day. except 044-620-3338 Both English and books Wednesday Afternoon available from R4.oo each For museum funds 3rd October De Brak Movie Club THEATRE@BRAK Book at Dries- AS IT IS IN HEAVEN in Great 0825585244. To be screened @ 18.30 on 30 September Brak River Tickets cost R35.00 and 3 October p.p 7th October Mossel Bay Heritage Society AGM Mossel Bay Pieter Viljoen AT THE ST. PETER’S PARISH HALL AT 083-974-7577 18.30 pm. Heritage Society Remember the museum is a member of Mossel Bay Heritage Pre-owned books on sale in the Museum 9.30 am to The museum November Shop….Every week day. 4.00 pm 044-620-3338 Both English and Afrikaans books For museum available from R4.oo each funds 5th November ‘Conservancy Rocks’ Great Brak Austin Eybers Bawarea 044-620-2711 At DeDekke 7th November National Marine Day Museum Nisde McRobert 044-620-3783 Small display at the Museum For more details on what’s on in our area email Hennie & Rene with a request for their news letter: [email protected]

GREAT BRAK RIVER CONSERVANCY PARTNERS: CLINT & CO, DE DEKKE, DIE BURGER & TOKKIE NEL

PROUDLY PRESENTS

CLINT & CO’S CREEDENCE TRIBUTE FRIDAY 5 NOVEMBER 2010: DE DEKKE: GREAT BRAK RIVER R 80-00 PER PERSON RESERVE YOUR TICKETS AT DE DEKKE; WWW.GROOTBRAKBEWAREA.CO.ZA OR 079 926 0064 AND 072 798 3275

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 4

Croft Veterinary Clinic

Sterilisation Marathon

The Garden Route SPCA and CROFT animal hospital will be holding a MASS STERILISATION marathon

9 October 2010, 8am to 5pm - Male and female pets (dogs and cats) from identified low income families will be sterilised in order to prevent unwanted births …

- The sterilising, annual boosters and rabies vaccinations will be done free of charge

We depend entirely on donations If you would like to contribute, it can be done directly at the Croft animal clinic or via electronic payment into :

Standard Bank Mossel Bay Acc name : Croft Animal Hospital For more information contact : Acc No : 082-818-444 CROFT animal clinic : 044 6203133 Branch : 050-414 SPCA Garden Route : 044 8781990

Reference : SterMaraton GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 5 "Bridge Guard in the Karoo" Information by Allen Duff

Last month we referred to Ketting & Rudyard Kipling's "Bridge Guard in the Karoo". Allen Duff shares a few details & photographs.

The blockhouse at Ketting is a Boer War Ghost which I visited in August this year. Being very isolated it is not easy to get there. The passing rail loop at Ketting was probably done away with in the 1950s when the railway was upgraded/re- aligned prior to electrification.

There is now no passing loop between Gemsbok & Antjieskraal. The bridge over the river is about halfway between the two.

The original bridge over the Bloedrivier was built in 1883. (The railway was opened to Beaufort West in 1885.) This bridge's pillars/columns & abutments were strengthened in 1920. The steelwork of this bridge was removed when the new bridge was opened. One thinks of the Karoo as relatively flat, but there is a considerable difference in altitude between the Dwyka River & Koup (Goup) station (which is right next to the N1) i.e. the south side of the Dwyka River.

Sections of Dwyka River/Goup were the first (1890s) to be upgraded i.e. easing of the gradient by the Cape Government Railway after the line reached Kimberley.

The barren but picturesque Karoo.

Antjieskraal loop was Bloedrivier station in Boer War times. After the capture of Gideon Scheepers in the cottage on the farm Kopjeskraal (today Koppieskraal) on the banks of the Dwyka River, he was taken to Bloedrivier (which the British called Blood River) station & entrained for Beaufort West.

The landscape is so rough & barren in this part of the Karoo that it is said "daar boer hulle met klippe."

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 6 Birding and the Changing Estuary in Great Brak River

Francois Le Vaillant (Travels into the Interior Parts of Africa in the years 1780 to 85) writes in 1782 that “We crossed a plain, encircled with hills, beautifully covered with trees and bushes, about five miles in circumference. I found there thousands of pelicans and flamingos ...”

Probably during that time, the river mouth was closed hence the trapped estuary water was more saline and probably similar to what it is at present. The river dynamics influences the salinity which in turn influences the type of bird visiting us.

Flamingos have been seen on the estuary during the past year. Both the greater and the lesser varieties are seen in South Africa. These birds filter-feed on brine shrimp and blue-green algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they eat, and are uniquely used upside-down. The filtering of food items is assisted by hairy structures called lamellae which line the mandibles, and the large rough-surfaced tongue. The pink or reddish color of flamingos comes from carotenoid proteins in their diet of animal and plant plankton. These proteins are broken down into pigments by liver enzymes. The source of this varies by species, and affects the saturation of color.

This beautiful African Spoonbill (Platalea alba} was recently spotted near the driving range by Sandra Buitendag and photographed by Mike Taylor.

The Spoonbill is a shy and alert bird, usually found singly, but can also be encountered in pairs or in groups. It is usually silent, except for an occasional grunt when alarmed. This bird travels by flight. It flies with its neck and legs extended, while flapping its wings steadily in the air. The African Spoonbill feeds by fishing in shallow water. It fishes for its food by swinging its open bill from side to side in the water. Its bill acts as a hooked tool to catch its food.

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 7 The Great Brak River museum contains photographs taken in 1920, 1943, 1956, 1970 and 1973 and later which show typical changes at the lower part of the estuary and of the river mouth.

1920: The Island is almost unaltered from the natural state. A sandbar blocks the southern channel while the northern channel carries more water than can be seen on later photographs.

1943: The water-level around the Island is high (possible floods). The northern channel is in full flow whereas the southern channel is closed by a sandbar behind which lies a pool.

1956: The situation is similar to that prevailing during the ECRU survey of November 1981. The southern channel is open and joins the northern channel at the sea front of the Island. Influx of sea sand is detectable in the form of streamlined sandbanks in the northern channel which overlap the Prawn Island (the large mud bank northwest of the Island).

1970: Little water in the northern channel with water concentrated against the steep rocky bank on the east side. Complete closure of the southern channel by a sandbank. (This photograph probably taken during low water spring tide.)

1973: The northern channel is open and the southern channel is closed except for a narrow stream of water around the sea side of the Island (again probably photographed during low water spring tide).

1978: Harris notes the relatively high percentage frequency of both slack water and onshore currents off the coast west and east of Mossel Bay. He also emphasizes the fact that oil from the Venpet/Venoil collision off in December 1977, moved inshore and was deposited along the coastline east of Mossel Bay. For four days prior to the deposition of the oil, the wind had a strong onshore component.

2007: The heavy November flood removed a large portion of the Southern end of the river mouth whilst during 2010, the mouth has been closed with a higher than normal berm.

We understand that in the not too distant future, the Great Brak Bawarea will be doing a comparison with the birds found in the past.

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 8 Since you can’t always get the monetary increase you want, how about settling for an inflated title?

KIM JONG, the North Korean dictator, is not normally a trendsetter. But in one area he is clearly leading the pack: job-title inflation. Mr Kim has 1,200 official titles, including, roughly translated, guardian deity of the planet, ever-victorious general, lodestar of the 21st century, supreme commander at the forefront of the struggle against imperialism and the United States, eternal bosom of hot love and greatest man who ever lived.

When it comes to job titles, we live in an age of rampant inflation. Everybody you come across seems to be a chief or president of some variety. Title inflation is producing its own vocabulary: “uptitling” and “title-fluffing”. It is also producing technological aids. One website provides a simple formula: just take your job title, mix in a few grand words, such as “global”, “interface” and “customer”, and hey presto.

The rot starts at the top. Not that long ago companies had just two or three “chief” whatnots. Now they have dozens. A few have more than one chief executive officer; a growing number have chiefs for almost everything from knowledge to diversity. Southwest Airlines has a chief Twitter officer. Coca-Cola and Marriott have chief blogging officers. Kodak has one of those too, along with a chief listening officer.

Title-fluffing is as rampant among the indians as among the chiefs. America’s International Association of Administrative Professionals—formerly the National Secretaries Association—reports that it has more than 500 job-titles under its umbrella, ranging from front-office coordinator to electronic-document specialist. Paper boys are “media distribution officers”. Binmen are “recycling officers”. Lavatory cleaners are “sanitation consultants”. Sandwich-makers at Subway have the phrase “sandwich artist” emblazoned on their lapels. Even the normally linguistically pure French have got in on the act: cleaning ladies are becoming “techniciennes de surface” (surface technicians).

What is going on here? The most immediate explanation is the economic downturn: bosses are doling out ever fancier titles as a substitute for pay raises and bonuses.

The cult of flexibility is also inflationary. The fashion for flattening hierarchies has had the paradoxical effect of multiplying meaningless job titles. Workers crave important-sounding titles to give them the illusion of ascending the ranks. Managers who no longer have anyone to manage are fobbed off with inflated titles, much as superannuated politicians are made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster or Lord President of the Council. Everybody, from the executive suite downward, wants to fluff up their résumé as a hedge against being sacked.

The American technology sector has been a champion of title inflation. It has created all sorts of newfangled jobs that have to be given names, and it is also full of linguistically challenged geeks who have a taste for “humorous” titles. Steve Jobs calls himself “chief know it all”. Jerry Yang and David Filo, the founders of Yahoo!, call themselves “chief Yahoos”. Thousands of IT types dub themselves things like (chief) scrum master, guru, evangelist or, a particular favourite at the moment, ninja.

Inflated benefits, understated drawbacks

Does any of this matter? Title inflation clearly does violence to the language. But isn’t that par for the course in the corporate world? And isn’t it a small price to pay for corporate harmony? The snag is that the familiar problems of monetary inflation apply to job-title inflation as well. The benefits of giving people a fancy new title are usually short-lived. The harm is long-lasting. People become cynical about their monikers (particularly when they are given in lieu of pay rises). Organisations become more Ruritanian. The job market becomes more opaque. How do you work out the going rate for “vision controller of multiplatform and portfolio” (the BBC)? Or a “manager of futuring and innovation-based strategies” (the American Cancer Society)?

Schumpeter; Too many chiefs, Jun 24th 2010

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 9

Tourism Information SA Tourism and Other Snippets by Ina Stofberg

RIVERSDALE A brief history

The San people were the earliest humans living in the area. In the 1600s the area was inhabited by the Hessequa Koi tribe. In the 1660s, the first Europeans explored the area and Goukou was the then leader of the tribe. The first European in the area may have been Hieronymus Crüse, sent by Jan van Riebeeck in 1667. In the 1680s Izak Schrijver led the next expedition. By 1727 five cattle outposts were established in the area.

The first farm Plattekloof was established in 1727 and owned by Jurgen Potgieter. Other early farms were established: Assegaaibosch, 1728; Welgevonden, 1730; Hollebak, 1733; Doornkraal and Zeekoegat in 1746. In the early days Zeekoegat served as overnight site for explorers to the east. Among some of the more prominent visitors to the farm were: Governor van Plettenberg (1778), Commissioner De Mist and Dr. Lichtenstein (1803); Sir Harry Smith (1815).

In 1837 the Dutch Reformed Church was established on the farm Doornkraal, owned by Hermanus Steyn. At the time the Civil Commissioner of Swellendam was Sir Harry Rivers, and the town was named after him. The community suggested Riversville, but he preferred Riversdale. The town was proclaimed on 30th August 1838.

PROGRESS THROUGH THE YEARS As the inhabitants were mainly farmers the development was slow and the 1857 census showed that there were 760 inhabitants, 120 dwelling houses and 18 huts. Today Riversdale has a population of just over 6000. In June 1882 tenders were invited for special iron pipes to install a water reticulation system. These pipes arrived in Mossel Bay in 1883 taking 56 ox wagons loads to bring to Riversdale. The scheme was inaugurated on July 1, 1884 at a cost of R16000. On the 3rd of December the first locomotive of the N.C.C.R steamed into the station with Uncle Tom Wolhuter at the controls. Farming activity consisted mainly of sheep farming. The Agricultural Society, founded in 1858, used the wool store, granted to them by the church, for their shows. This wool store was later converted to the town hall.

During 1925 Riversdale received its first D.C. electrical power system, which was replaced with an A.C. system during 1958. The first hospital was built in 1922 and has since been replaced by a modern Provincial Hospital. The town library was founded in 1869 and was taken over by the Provincial Authorities in 1960.

Historical sites: o The Old Toll House Built in 1877 and now a National Monument situated in the Garcia Pass o Zeekoegat Historical Homestead Once situated along the main route through Africa to the East and was a popular stopover for travellers, 3 km out of town. GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 10 o Julius Gordon Africana Centre Built in 1860 and internationally recognized. It houses the unique Julius Gordon Collection of antiques and art works of well known artists, situated in Long Street. It boasts the second largest Thomas Bowler paintings. Tel: 0287138053 o Long Street The oldest street in Riversdale and situated next to the Vette River. All the houses on the Northern end of the street date back to the mid 1800’s. o St Matthews Anglican Church A quaint stone building erected in 1859, situated in Heidelberg Road. o Lutheran Church Built in 1907, situated in Barry Street. o Dutch Reformed Church Built in 1907, has an organ which was imported from Scotland at a cost of R1 800, situated in Church Street. o The Old Jail Built in 1834, take a tour around the jail and experience the history around the building. A real country experience at the Farmers Market, every Saturday. Coffee Shop during weekdays. Tel: 0287134300 o And lastly, if you have any time left….. o o Gysmanshoek Pass A pass that dates back to the middle 1700’s. Through the Langeberg mountains between Riversdale and Heidelberg. Take route 1316, turn off on route 6402 which connects with route 1641. Not accessible by sedan.

Riversdale Tourism SPUR City, N2, Riversdale. Tel/Fax: 028 7131996 E mail: [email protected]

DID YOU KNOW? Facts about South Africa

 The Tugela Falls is the second highest waterfall in the world, where the water tumbles down 850 metres. First place goes to the Angel Falls in Venezuela at 979 metres.  Blyde River Canyon is the third largest canyon in the world - and the largest green one. The Grand Canyon in the US is the biggest, and the Fish River Canyon in Namibia the second, but both are dry as bones.  South African grasslands have 30 species per square kilometre, greater than the biodiversity of rainforests.  South Africa and its neighbours are some of the most generously endowed geographic solar hotspots in the world, soaking up just over half of the world’s highest category of solar wattage per square metre of land.

GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 11 PHOTO’S AND TEXT;

OUR NATURE CORNER SALLY ADAM

CURRENTLY flowering on the farm: the ivy- leaved pelargonium (Pelargonium peltatum) is a creeper which climbs up over shrubs and into trees. It

flowers mainly in the spring but also at other times.

All parts of the Bushman's Poison tree (Acokanthera oppositifolia) are poisonous - the San people boiled the bark, branches and roots to obtain a tar-like substance which they applied to the tips of their arrows. Humans can die within 15 minutes from an arrow wound, and cases of murder and suicide related to this poison have been recorded. The leaves are stiff, with a sharp tip, and the flowers grow in dense clumps at the ends of the

branches.

Our sheep have been under attack for some time and we were pretty sure it was a caracal that was eating lamb for dinner. Sure enough, we managed to trap one this week near the kraal. We relocated it away from the sheep but I expect it's back already! It was quite a privilege to have such a close-up look at this magnificent cat.

The caracal is a slender, yet muscular, cat, with long legs and a short tail. The most conspicuous feature of the caracal is the elongated, tufted black ears, which also explain the origin of its name, karakulak, Turkish for "black ear". It usually hunts at night for rodents and hares and domestic chickens. The caracal is distributed over Africa and the Middle East. Its chief habitat is dry steppes and semi deserts, but it also inhabits woodlands, savannah, and scrub forest. They generally prefer open country, so long as there is sufficient cover, in the form of bushes and rocks, from which to ambush prey. GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 12 THE CURATOR’S CORNER Nisde is still on holiday A light hearted look at history. 'Why Our Great-Grandparents Have Such Fond Memories Of Their Youth...' (I'm surprised that they remember anything!!)

A bottle of Bayer's 'Heroin'.

Between 1890 and 1910 heroin was sold as a non- addictive substitute for morphine. It was also used to treat children suffering with a strong cough.

Coca Wine, anyone?

Metcalf's Coca Wine was one of a huge variety of wines with cocaine on the market. Everybody used to say that it would make you happy and it would also work as a medicinal treatment.

Mariani Wine.

Mariani wine (1875) was the most famous Coca wine of its time. Pope Leo XIII used to carry one bottle with him all the time. He awarded Angelo Mariani (the producer) with a Vatican gold medal.

© The content of this newsletter is copyright and it may only be reprinted by request from the Great Brak River Museum Association. Compiled & Distributed by the Great Brak River Museum. The Museum Association cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies or omissions in the text. If you no longer wish to receive this e-newsletter, please will you reply to this email address /with the word “unsubscribe” in the subject box. GBR Museum News Letter October 2010 Page No. 13