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12 ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Index Ablation, radiofrequency, 58–59 Antihypertensive and Lipid Ablative therapy, 65–66 Lowering Treatment to Accupril (quinapril), 12 Prevent Heart Attack Trial ACE (angiotensin-converting (ALLHAT), 18 enzyme) inhibitors, 7 Antihypertensive drug classes, Acebutolol (Sectral), 13, 61 7–18 Aceon (perindopril), 13 Antihypertensive drug selection, Adalat Procardia (nifedipine), 14 19–20 Adenocard (adenosine), 64 Antihypertensive drugs, 12–16 Adenosine (Adenocard), 64 Antiplatelet therapy, 40 Adolescents Aortic insufficiency, 98–99 sudden cardiac death in, 218–219 Aortic stenosis, 105–107 syncope in, 213 Aspirin Alcohol, 158 angina pectoris and, 36 Aldactone (spironolactone), 16 low-dose, 188 Aldomet (methyldopa), 15 Atenolol (Tenormin), 13, 61 ab-blockers, 15 Atherosclerosis, 186–187 a1-blockers, 14, 17 premature, 148–149 Altace (ramipril), 13 Athletes Amiloride (Midamor), 15 murmurs in, 111–112 Amiodarone (Cordarone), 63 sudden cardiac death in, 219–220 Amlodipine (Norvasc), 14 Atorvastatin (Lipitor), 163 Aneurysm, 196–197 Atrial fibrillation, 191–192, 76–80 Angina pectoris, 27–28, 32–41 Atrial flutter, 80–81 aspirin and, 36 Atrial premature beats, 70 unstable, 36–41 Atrial tachycardia, 73 Angiotensin-converting enzyme Atrioventricular (AV) nodal (ACE) inhibitors, 7 reentrant tachycardias, 74–75 Angiotensin receptor antagonists, Atrioventricular node, 53 9 Atrioventricular reciprocating Ankle-brachial index, 282 tachycardias, 75–76 Antiadrenergic agents, 11–18 Austin Flint murmur, 104 Antiarrhythmic drugs, 59–65 AV, see Atrioventricular entries Anticoagulants, 136–137 Avapro (irbesartan), 16 288 Index Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 244 (CPR), 221–224 Baseline functional capability, Cardiovascular disease, 23 228–229 Cardiovascular emergencies, Baycol (cerivastatin), 163 205–224 Benazepril (Lotensin), 12 Cardiovascular system, selected Benacol, 164 disorders of, 256–283 Beta-blockers, 13, 11–17, 34–35, Cardioversion, 65 61–62, 131–132 Cardizem (diltiazem), 14, 63 Betapace (sotalol), 63 Cardura (doxazosin), 14 Betaxolol (Kerlone), 13 Carotid pulse, 106 Bile acid sequestrants, 164 Carteolol (Cartrol), 13 Bisoprolol (Zebeta), 13, 62 Carvedilol (Coreg), 15 Blocadren (timolol), 13, 62 Catapres (clonidine), 14 Brevibloc (esmolol), 62 Central _2–agonists, 14–15 Bumetanide (Bumex), 15 Central acting hypertensive drugs, 17 Calan (verapamil), 14, 64 Cerebrovascular disease, 185–201 Calcium channel blockers, 35, pathogenesis, 186–187 63–64 recovery and rehabilitation, Calcium entry antagonists, 14, 198–201 9–10 risk factors, 187–190 Capoten, see Captopril entries Cerebrovascular ischemia, 190–196 Captopril (Capoten), 12 Cerivastatin (Baycol), 163 Cardene (nicardipine), 14 Chest pain, 24–32 Cardiac arrest, 23 cardiac, 27–32 Cardiac arrhythmias, 52–88 noncardiac, 25–27 cause, 53–56 psychiatric illness and, 26–27 diagnosis, 56–59 Children specific, 66–88 sudden cardiac death in, 218–219 surgery and, 239–240 syncope in, 213–214 therapy, 59–66 Chlorothiazide (Diuril), 15 treatment, 68–69 Chlorthalidone (Hygroton), 15 Cardiac assessment, preoperative, Cholesterol, 148–150 237 secondary causes of abnormal Cardiac catheterization, 36 levels of, 150 Cardiac cells, 52–53 Cholesterol-lowering medications, Cardiac chest pain, 27–32 162–170 Cardiac rhythm, normal, 53 Cholestyramine (Questran), 164 Cardiac risk in surgery, 234–243 Chylomicrons, 145 Cardiac syncope, 207–208 Clonidine (Catapres), 14 Cardiac transplantation, 142 Colesevelam (Welchol), 164 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Colestipol (Colestid), 164 117–119 Congenital heart disease, 108–110 Cardiogenic shock, 214–217 Congestive heart failure, surgery Cardiomyopathy and, 238 hypertrophic, 107–108, 219–220, Constrictive pericarditis, 256 275–276 Contrast venography, 178 hypertrophic obstructive, 107 Cordarone (amiodarone), 63 Index 289 Coreg (carvedilol), 15 DynaCirc (isradipine), 14 Corgard (nadolol), 13, 62 Dyrenium (triamterene), 16 Coronary angioplasty, percutaneous Dysbetalipoproteinemia, 154 transluminal, 40 Dyslipidemias, 145–170 Coronary artery bypass graft, 40–41 classifications of, 150–155 Coronary artery disease, 33 combined, 152–154, 158, surgery and, 234–238 168–169 Coronary heart disease, 217, exercise and, 160–161 145–146 nonpharmacologic management Corvert (ibutilide), 63 of, 155–161 Coumadin, 243 nutrition and, 155–160 Counseling pharmacologic management of, in heart failure, 125–127 161–170 Covera (verapamil), 14, 64 treatment summary, 166–167 Cozaar (losartan), 16 weight management and, CPR (cardiopulmonary 155–160 resuscitation), 221–224 Creatine kinase muscle and brain Echocardiography, radionuclide subunits (CK-MB) isoenzyme, ventriculography versus, 123 44 Edema pulmonary, see Pulmonary edema D-dimer assay, 177–178 Electrocardiogram, 58 Deep venous thrombosis, 173–182 Electrocardiography, 43–44 surgery and, 248–249 Electrophysiology of heart, 52–53 Defibrillators, 66 Embolic stroke, 187 Detsky Cardiac Risk Index, Enalapril (Vasotec), 12 231–234 Endocarditis, 263–273 Dexfenfluramine, 97 Endocrine disorders, 250 Diastolic heart failure, drug Eprosartan (Teveten), 16 management of, 137–138 Esmolol (Brevibloc), 62 Diets Esophageal chest pain, 25–26 vegetarian, 5–6 Ethanol, 158 Digoxin (Lanoxin), 64, 132–133 Ethmozine (moricizine), 61 Dilated cardiomyopathy, 261, Exercise 274–275 dyslipidemias and, 160–161 Diltiazem (Cardizem), 14, 63 Exercise tolerance testing, 29–30 D-Dimer assay, 177–178 Extrasystolic beats, 95 Diovan (valsartan), 16 Disopyramide (Norpace), 60 FACES symptoms, 120 Diuretics, 10–11, 133–136 Fat loop, 15, 10–11 omega-3, 155 potassium-sparing, 15–16, 11 Felodipine (Plendil), 14 thiazide, 15, 10 Fenofibrate (Tricor), 165 Diuril (chlorothiazide), 15 Fibrates, 165 Dofetilide (Tikosyn), 63 Flecainide (Tambocor), 61 Doxazosin (Cardura), 14 Fluvastatin (Lescol), 163 Drug management of diastolic heart Folic acid, 159 failure, 137–138 Fosinopril (Monopril), 12 Duplex scanning, 178 Fourth heart sound, 94 290 Index Fredrickson-Levy system, 150 Hypercholesterolemia, 152 Furosemide (Lasix), 15, 118 Hypercoagulable state, 173–174 Hypertension, 1–21, 189 Gemfibrozil (Lopid), 165 algorithm for treatment of, 8 Goldman Cardiac Risk Index, antihypertensive classes, 7–18 232–234 antihypertensive drug selection, Graded exercise testing, 58–59 19–20 Graham Steell murmur, 279 detection, 2 Guanabenz (Wytensin), 15 diagnosis, 2 Guanadrel (Hylorel), 17 etiology, 2–4 Guanethidine (Ismelin), 17 evaluation, 2–3 Guanfacine (Tenex), 15 quality-of-life issues with, 18–19 severe, 20–21 HACEK organisms, 267, 273 treatment, 4–7 HDL, see High-density lipoprotein Hypertriglyceridemias, 152, Heart, electrophysiology of, 52–53 157–158, 168 Heart failure, 115–142 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, acute, 117–119 107–108, 218–220, 275–276 causes, 116 Hypertrophic obstructive chronic, 119–140 cardiomyopathy, 107 counseling in, 125–127 Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, defined, 115 idiopathic, 107 diastolic, drug management of, Hytrin (terazosin), 14 137–138 future therapy, 141–142 Ibutilide (Corvert), 63 prevention, 141 Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic refractory chronic, 142 stenosis, 107 systolic, pacemaker therapy of, 137 Implantable cardiac defibrillator, Heart failure specialist, 142 220–221 Hematologic system, surgery and, Implantable cardiac pacemakers, 247–249 66 Hemiplegia, recovery in, 198–199 Indapamide (Lozol), 15 Hemorrhage, see also Bleeding Inderal (propranolol), 13, 61 subarachnoid, 187, 196–197 Infants Hemorrhagic stroke, 186–187, murmurs in, 108–109 196–198 sudden cardiac death in, 218–219 Heparin therapy, 180–182 Infectious endocarditis, 263–273 High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 145 Insulin-resistance syndrome, 153 decreased, 151 Intraaortic balloon pump low, 154–155, 158–159 counterpulsation, 216–217 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 163 Irbesartan (Avapro), 16 Holter monitor, 41–42 Ischemia, silent, 41–42 Hydralazine (Apresoline), 15 Ischemic heart disease, 23–47 Hydrochlorothiazide Ischemic stroke, 192–196 (HydroDIURIL), 15 Ismelin (guanethidine), 17 HydroDIURIL Isoptin (verapamil), 14, 64 (hydrochlorothiazide), 15 Isradipine (DynaCirc), 14 Hygroton (chlorthalidone), 15 Hylorel (guanadrel), 17 Janeway lesions, 265 Index 291 Kawasaki syndrome, 219 Mevacor (lovastatin), 163 Kerlone (betaxolol), 13 Mexiletine (Mexitil), 60 Kussmaul’s sign, 258 Micardis (telmisartan), 16 Microvascular angina, 27–28 Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), Midamor (amiloride), 15 13, 15, 62 Minipress (prazosin), 14 Lacunar stroke, 187 Minoxidil (Loniten), 15 Lanoxin (digoxin), 64, 132–133 Mitral stenosis, 101–103 Lasix (furosemide), 15, 118 Mitral valve prolapse, 99–101 Left-sided heart murmurs, 108 Mitral valve regurgitation, 97–99 Lescol (fluvastatin), 163 Mobitz blocks, 82 Levatol (penbutolol), 13 Moexipril (Univasc), 12 Lidocaine, 60 Monopril (fosinopril), 12 Lipitor (atorvastatin), 163 Moricizine (Ethmozine), 61 Lipoprotein screening, 148–150 Morphine, 118 Lipoproteins, 145–148 Multifocal atrial tachycardia, Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), 12 73–74 Liver disease, 250 Murmurs, 94–96 LMWH (low molecular weight in athletes, 111–112 heparin), 180–181 in infants, 108–109 Loniten (minoxidil), 15 during pregnancy, 110–111 Loop diuretics, 15, 10–11 Myocardial cells, 52–53 Lopid (gemfibrozil), 165 Myocardial infarction, 37–40, Lopressor (metoprolol), 13, 62 43–47 Losartan (Cozaar), 16 Myocarditis, 260–263 Lotensin (benazepril), 12 Lovastatin (Mevacor), 163 Nadolol (Corgard), 13, 62 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Near-syncope, 205 145–147 Niacin, 164–165 elevated, 149–150, 157, 168 Niaspan,
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