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First Record of Ant-Loving Crickets (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae: Myrmecophilinae) in New Caledonia

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First Record of Ant-Loving Crickets (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae: Myrmecophilinae) in New Caledonia Australian Journal of Entomology, 1997, 36: 159-163 159 First Record of Ant-loving Crickets (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae: Myrmecophilinae) in New Caledonia L. DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS EP 90 CNRS, Laboratoire d’Entomologie, Museum National d’Histoire naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. ABSTRACT Myrmecophilus quadrispina (Perkins 1899) has been described from Hawaii and found in the Samoan Islands. In both places it has been considered an introduced species. It is reported here from the Loyalty Islands (Lifou). This is the first occurrence of a myrmecophiline cricket in the New Caledonian area. The species is redescribed, and its male and female genitalia examined. Its biology and behaviour at Lifou Island are briefly documented. A key to Myrmecophilus spp. from the Australian region is given. Introduction from the Australian region is proposed. Data on Myrmecophilinae are small crickets which are the life habits and behaviour of M. quadrispina known to live only in ant nests. Their morphology on Lifou Island are presented. is very distinctive (Schimmer 1909), especially their wingless ovoid body, their small head with reduced Materials and methods eyes and thick antennae, their large hindfemora Crickets were found with ant colonies under which completely cover the hindtibiae, their calcareous stones in a trail embankment; the trail pseudosegmented erect cerci and their enveloping was located at the edge of a mixed Araucaria and ovipositor valves. Other distinctive, usually deciduous forest on the top of calcareous cliffs, overlooked, characters are the structure of male in a human-disturbed site of the Cap des Pins genitalia (Desutter 1987 and Fig. 3-4) and, in some (Loyalty Islands, Lifou). The presence or absence genera, apically trifid cercal hairs (Desutter- of crickets and ants under each stone was noted, Grandcolas unpub. data). and their behaviour observed. Crickets were Nearly 50 species of Myrmecophilinae have been collected when possible. described, most of them belonging to the genus Specimens were kept dry. Male and female Myrmecophilus Berthold, 1827 (Chopard 1968; genitalia were examined with a stereomicroscope Baccetti 1975; Gorochov 1986; Ingrisch 1987, at a x 100 magnification and preserved in 1995; Otte and Alexander 1983; Otte 1994). Eight glycerine; to preserve their three-dimensional species are known from the Australian region, of structure, they were not put on slides. which seven originate from Australia (Chopard Abbreviations: Institutions: MNHN, Muskum 1925a,b, 1951, 1968; Baccetti 1975; Otte and National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; NHM, Alexander 1983) and one from the Fiji and Solomon Islands (and perhaps also the Society Natural History Museum, London. Islands according to Hebard (1935)). Up to now, Tibia1 spurs (Fig. 2): AB, apical spurs of no Myrmecophilinae have been encountered in the basitarsus; B, basitarsus; IA, inner apical spur; New Caledonian area, and their occurrence in this ISA, inner subapical spurs; OA3, third outer territory is acknowledged here for the first time. apical spur; S, spines of basitarsus; T, hindtibia. In this paper, M. quadrispina (Perkins 1899) is Spurs are numbered from ventral to dorsal for recorded from the Loyalty Islands (Lifou). This apical spurs, and from the apex to the base (and species has been described from Hawaii where it not the reverse) of hindtibia for subapical spurs; was considered an introduced species, as it was this allows homologising the apical spurs and the found in Honolulu gardens and among plants on first subapical spurs between species, following the transit boats (Zimmerman 1948). Chopard (1929) position criterion, even when some apical spurs mentioned M. quadrispina from the Samoan are lacking. Islands (the specimens studied by Chopard in this Terminalia: A, epiphallic ancorae; C, cerci; CP, last paper fit the description of M. quadrispina, copulatory papilla; DV, ectophallic dorsal valves; in particular for hindtibial spurs; it was EF, dorsal ectophallic fold; EI, epiphallic misidentified as M. hebardi (Mann 1920) by invagination; EEI, epi-ectophallic invagination; Hebard (1935). Otte (1993: 334) also mentioned LV, lower valve of ovipositor; MVL, median M. quadrispina from Hong Kong, although no ventral lobe; PC, paraproct; SAP, susanal plate; reference was cited. SD, female spermathecal duct; SGP, subgenital In the present paper M. quadrispina is plate; UV, upper valve of ovipositor; VV, redescribed; among other characters, male and ectophallic ventral valves. Terminology for male female genitalia are examined and figured for the genitalia according to Desutter (1987, 1990). first time. A key to species of Myrmecophilus Membranous parts are figured with dots. 160 L. DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS 1 5 !CP SAP Figs 1-6. hfyrmecophilus quadrispina: (1) left maxillary palp; (2) inner spurs of hindtibia and basitarsus; (3-4) male terminalia in apical (3) and lateral (4) view; (5) female ovipositor; (6)female copulatory papilla, in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. Scales: 1 mm. Abbreviations: see text. ANT-LOVING CRICKETS IN NEW CALEDONIA 161 Myrmecophilus quadrispina (Perkins) Alexander (1983) can be modified as follow to (Figs 1-6) include the nine species now recognised in the Australian region: Myrrnecophila quadrispina Perkins, 1899: 14. Myrmecophilus quadrispina: Chopard, 1929: 35; Zimmerman, 1. Hindtibiae with 2 inner subapical spurs. 1948: 131; Chopard, 1968: 247; Otte, 1993: 334. Distribution: Australia, South Australia ............... M. australis (Tepper) Material examined. Hawaii: 1 8 and 1 syntypes, Oahu, Honolulu (NHM). Samoa: I 2, Tutuila, Fagasa, 9.ix.1923, Hindtibiae with more than 2 subapical nutmeg tree, Swezey and Wilder, identified by Chopard spurs ............................ 2 (MNHN). New Caledonia: 5 66,4 ?? , 7 juveniles, Loyaute 2(1). Hindtibiae with 3 inner subapical spurs . Islands, Lifou, Cap des Pins, 14.iii.1994; 1 6,2 F?,1 juvenile, 3 same locality, 9.iii. 1994, L. Desutter-Grandcolas and P. ................................ Grandcolas (MNHN). Hindtibiae with 4 inner subapical spurs . Ant host: Hawaii (from Zimmermann 1948): Pheidole ................................ 7 megacephala (Fabricius), Solenopsis geminata rufa (Jerdon), 3(2). Basitarsus with one dorsal spine. Paratrechina sp. Lifou Island: Pheidole probably megacephala Distribution: Fiji and Solomon Islands (J. Casevitz-Weulersse det.). ................ M. hebardi (Mann) Description. Small. Body dark brown; antennae Basitarsus with 3 dorsal spines. ...... .4 and femora pale brown; tibiae, tarsi, cerci and 4(3). Subapical spurs of tibiae 111: 1 less than antenna1 bases yellow. Ventral margin of lateral twice as long as 2.. ...............5 lobe of pronotum brown. Maxillary palpi with Subapical spurs of tibiae 111: I twice as long segment 5 elongate, more than twice as long as as 2 ............................. 6 segment 4, and evenly and greatly enlarged toward 5(4). Body length 3 mm. Distribution: Australia, apex (Fig. 1). Tibiae I11 (Fig. 2) with 4 inner New South Wales ... M. keyi Baccetti subapical spurs (first and third the longest), 1 Body length 2.3-2.5 mm. Distribution: outer subapical spur, 3 inner and 3 outer apical Australia, Queensland, South Australia, spurs (third the longest on both sides). Basitarsus New South Wales.. ................ 111 (Fig. 2) with 3 large dorsal spines and 2 very . M. parachilnus Otte and Alexander long apical spurs. 6(4). Colour very pale. Size very large (body Male: Subgenital plate larger than long, indented length 4 mm). Distribution: Australia, at apex. Genitalia (Figs 3, 4): epiphalle with large Queensland ...M. testaceus (Chopard) transverse dorsal plate and 2 hook-like ancorae. Colour blackish with 2 or 3 transverse Epiphallic invagination well formed, evenly whitish bands on abdomen and whitish narrowed; two small lateral hooks near its base. hindfemora. Species very small (body Epi-ectophallic invagination long and narrow. length 1.6-1.7 mm). Distribution: Dorsal and ventral valves slightly sclerotised. Australia, Western Australia ........ Ectophallic fold indented at apex. Ventral lobe ......M. tindalei Otte and Alexander long and narrow. 7(2). Basitarsus with 4 dorsal spines.. ...... 8 Female: Ovipositor longer than hindtibiae; its Basitarsus with 3 dorsal spines. colour yellow. Apex of dorsal valves with indented Distribution: Hawaii, Samoan and crest near upper margin (Fig. 5). Genitalia (Fig. Loyalty Islands .................... 6): copulatory papilla extremely flat, having form ........... M. quadrispina (Perkins) of large long sclerotised plate, apex slightly 8(7). Hindtibiae with 2 outer subapical spurs. bilobate; median line of this plate invaginated over Distribution: Australia, Northern entire length, but deeply so only over the posterior Territory. ...M. longitarsis (Chopard) half. Spermathecal duct aperture in anterior half Hindtibiae with 1 outer subapical spur. of this invagination. Distribution: Australia, Queensland . Juveniles: Similar to adults, but of much paler ............M. mjoebergi (Chopard) colour . Measurements (in mm, mean value in Distribution and biology of M. quadrispina parentheses). Males (n = 3): pronotum length: M. quadrispina has a very wide distribution. It has 0.74-0.87 (0.81); pronotum width: 1.07-1.34 now been reported from Hawaii, the Samoan (1.25); hindfemora length: 1.43-1.47 (1.45); Islands, Lifou, and perhaps Hong Kong. In hindtibiae length: 1.13-1.23 (1.19). Females Hawaii, it was found in gardens and boats and (n = 3): pronotum length: 0.82-0.88 (0.84); considered
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