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First Record of an Extinct Marabou Stork in the Neogene of South America
First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America JORGE IGNACIO NORIEGA and GERARDO CLADERA Noriega, J.I. and Cladera, G. 2008. First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (4): 593–600. We describe a new large species of marabou stork, Leptoptilus patagonicus (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae, Leptoptilini), from the late Miocene Puerto Madryn Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. The specimen consists mainly of wing and leg bones, pelvis, sternum, cervical vertebrae, and a few fragments of the skull. We provisionally adopt the traditional system− atic scheme of ciconiid tribes. The specimen is referred to the Leptoptilini on the basis of similarities in morphology and intramembral proportions with the extant genera Ephippiorhynchus, Jabiru,andLeptoptilos. The fossil specimen resembles in overall morphology and size the species of Leptoptilos, but also exhibits several exclusive characters of the sternum, hu− merus, carpometacarpus, tibiotarsus, and pelvis. Additionally, its wing proportions differ from those of any living taxon, providing support to erect a new species. This is the first record of the tribe Leptoptilini in the Tertiary of South America. Key words: Ciconiidae, Leptoptilos, Miocene, Argentina, South America. Jorge I. Noriega [[email protected]], Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, CICYTTP−CONICET, Matteri y España, 3105 Diamante, Argentina; Gerardo Cladera [[email protected]], Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Argentina. Introduction Institutional abbreviations.—BMNH, Natural History Mu− seum, London, UK; CICYTTP, Centro de Investigaciones The stork family (Ciconiidae) is a well−defined group of Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción, waterbirds, traditionally divided into three tribes: the Myc− Diamante, Argentina; CNAR−KB3, collections of locality 3 of teriini, the Ciconiini, and the Leptoptilini (Kahl 1971, 1972, the Kossom Bougoudi area, Centre National d’Appui à la 1979). -
Wood-Stork-2005.Pdf
WOOD STORK Mycteria americana Photo of adult wood stork in landing posture and chicks in Close-up photo of adult wood stork. nest. Photo courtesy of USFWS/Photo by George Gentry Photo courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. FAMILY: Ciconiidae STATUS: Endangered - U.S. Breeding Population (Federal Register, February 28, 1984) [Service Proposed for status upgrade to Threatened, December 26, 2013] DESCRIPTION: Wood storks are large, long-legged wading birds, about 45 inches tall, with a wingspan of 60 to 65 inches. The plumage is white except for black primaries and secondaries and a short black tail. The head and neck are largely unfeathered and dark gray in color. The bill is black, thick at the base, and slightly decurved. Immature birds have dingy gray feathers on their head and a yellowish bill. FEEDING HABITS: Small fish from 1 to 6 inches long, especially topminnows and sunfish, provide this bird's primary diet. Wood storks capture their prey by a specialized technique known as grope-feeding or tacto-location. Feeding often occurs in water 6 to 10 inches deep, where a stork probes with the bill partly open. When a fish touches the bill it quickly snaps shut. The average response time of this reflex is 25 milliseconds, making it one of the fastest reflexes known in vertebrates. Wood storks use thermals to soar as far as 80 miles from nesting to feeding areas. Since thermals do not form in early morning, wood storks may arrive at feeding areas later than other wading bird species such as herons. -
Colonial Nesting Waterbirds Fact Sheet
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Colonial-Nesting Waterbirds A Glorious and Gregarious Group What Is a Colonial-Nesting Waterbird? species of cormorants, gulls, and terns also Colonial-nesting waterbird is a tongue- occupy freshwater habitats. twister of a collective term used by bird biologists to refer to a large variety of Wading Birds seek their prey in fresh or different species that share two common brackish waters. As the name implies, characteristics: (1) they tend to gather in these birds feed principally by wading or large assemblages, called colonies, during standing still in the water, patiently waiting the nesting season, and (2) they obtain all for fish or other prey to swim within Migratory Bird Management or most of their food (fish and aquatic striking distance. The wading birds invertebrates) from the water. Colonial- include the bitterns, herons, egrets, night- nesting waterbirds can be further divided herons, ibises, spoonbills, and storks. Mission into two major groups depending on where they feed. Should We Be Concerned About the To conserve migratory bird Conservation Status of Colonial-Nesting populations and their habitats Seabirds (also called marine birds, oceanic Waterbirds? birds, or pelagic birds) feed primarily in Yes. While many species of seabirds for future generations, through saltwater. Some seabirds are so appear to have incredibly large careful monitoring and effective marvelously adapted to marine populations, they nevertheless face a management. environments that they spend virtually steady barrage of threats, such as oil their entire lives at sea, returning to land pollution associated with increased tanker only to nest; others (especially the gulls traffic and spills, direct mortality from and terns) are confined to the narrow entanglement and drowning in commercial coastal interface between land and sea, fishing gear, depletion of forage fishes due feeding during the day and loafing and to overexploitation by commercial roosting on land. -
Spread-Wing Postures and Their Possible Functions in the Ciconiidae
THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Von. 88 Oc:roBE'a 1971 No. 4 SPREAD-WING POSTURES AND THEIR POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS IN THE CICONIIDAE M. P. KAI-IL IN two recent papers Clark (19'69) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) have reported spread-wingpostures in storks and other birds and discussed someof the functionsthat they may serve. During recent field studies (1959-69) of all 17 speciesof storks, I have had opportunitiesto observespread-wing postures. in a number of speciesand under different environmentalconditions (Table i). The contextsin which thesepostures occur shed somelight on their possible functions. TYPES OF SPREAD-WING POSTURES Varying degreesof wing spreadingare shownby at least 13 species of storksunder different conditions.In somestorks (e.g. Ciconia nigra, Euxenuragaleata, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, and ]abiru mycteria) I observedno spread-wingpostures and have foundno referenceto them in the literature. In the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) I observedonly a wing-droopingposture--with the wings held a short distanceaway from the sidesand the primaries fanned downward--in migrant birds wetted by a heavy rain at NgorongoroCrater, Tanzania. Other species often openedthe wingsonly part way, in a delta-wingposture (Frontis- piece), in which the forearmsare openedbut the primariesremain folded so that their tips crossin front o.f or below the. tail. In some species (e.g. Ibis leucocephalus)this was the most commonly observedspread- wing posture. All those specieslisted in Table i, with the exception of C. ciconia,at times adopted a full-spreadposture (Figures i, 2, 3), similar to those referred to by Clark (1969) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) in severalgroups of water birds. -
Imperiled Coastal Birds of Florida and the State Laws That Protect Them
Reddish Egret Roseate Spoonbill Threatened (S) Threatened (S) Imperiled Coastal The rarest heron in North Using spatulala-shaped Birds of Florida America, Reddish Egrets bills to feel prey in shallow are strictly coastal. They ponds, streams, or coastal and the chase small fish on open waters, Roseate Spoonbills State Laws that flats. They nest in small nest in trees along the numbers on estuary coast and inland. Having Protect Them islands, usually in colonies barely recovered from with other nesting wading hunting eradication, these birds. This mid-sized heron birds now face extirpation is mostly gray with rust- from climate change and colored head, though some sea-level rise. birds are solid white. Wood Stork Florida Sandhill Threatened (F) Florida Statutes and Rules Crane This large wading bird Threatened (S) is the only stork in the 68A-27.003 Designation and management of the state- This crane subspecies is Americas. Breeding areas listed species and coordination with federal government for resident year-round in have shifted from south federally-listed species Florida, and defends a Florida and the Everglades nesting territory that is northward. Wood Storks 68A-19.005 General Regulations relating to state- must have abundant prey adjacent to open upland designated Critical Wildlife Areas foraging habitat. Nesting concentrated in shallow in shallow ponds, adults wetlands in order to feed 68A-4.001 Controls harvest of wildlife only under permitted defend their eggs or chicks their young. Prey items from predators including include -
FLORA and FAUNA Diversity and Regional Uniqueness
For more detailed information on Japanese government policy and other such matters, see the following home pages. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Website http://www.mofa.go.jp/ Web Japan http://web-japan.org/ FLORA AND FAUNA Diversity and regional uniqueness Japanese cranes, Kushiro Swamp (Hokkaido Pref.) A protected species in Japan, this rare crane breeds only in Siberia and Hokkaido. © Kodansha The Flora of Japan is covered by forest. Foliage changes color from season to season. The flora of Japan is marked by a large Plants are distributed in the following variety of species. There are about 4,500 native five zones, all of which lie in the East Asian plant species in Japan (3,950 angiosperms, temperate zone: (1) the subtropical zone, 40 gymnosperms, 500 ferns). Some 1,600 including the Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands angiosperms and gymnosperms are groups (2) the warm-temperature zone indigenous to Japan. of broad-leaved evergreen forests, which The large number of plants reflects the covers the greater part of southern Honshu, great diversity of climate that characterizes Shikoku, and Kyushu; characteristic trees the Japanese archipelago, which stretches are shii and kashi, both a type of oak (3) the some 3,500 kilometers (2,175 miles) from cool-temperature zone of broad-leaved north to south. The most remarkable climatic deciduous forests, which covers central features are the wide range of temperatures and northern Honshu and the southeastern and significant rainfall, both of which make part of Hokkaido; Japanese beech and other for a rich abundance of flora. The climate also common varieties of trees are found here (4) accounts for the fact that almost 70% of Japan the subalpine zone, which includes central and FLORA AND FAUNA 1 northern Hokkaido; characteristic plants are the Sakhalan fir and Yesso spruce (5) the alpine zone in the highlands of central Honshu and the central portion of Hokkaido; characteristic plants are alpine plants, such as komakusa (Dicentra peregrina). -
A Global Synthesis of Animal Phenological Responses to Climate Change
LETTERS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0067-3 Corrected: Publisher correction A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change Jeremy M. Cohen *, Marc J. Lajeunesse and Jason R. Rohr Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the whether the broad geographical heterogeneity in these climate vari- timing of migration and breeding, and asynchronies between ables impacts their power to explain and predict ecological trends. interacting species1–5. Recent syntheses have concluded that Second, recent syntheses have relied on country-level data, and no trophic level1, latitude6 and how phenological responses are synthesis in over a decade has addressed phenological responses measured7 are key to determining the strength of phenologi- to climate change across the globe. Global analyses are important cal responses to climate change. However, researchers still because they cover a greater extent of climatic conditions than local lack a comprehensive framework that can predict responses or regional analyses. For example, global syntheses are critical to to climate change globally and across diverse taxa. Here, we test broad-scale latitudinal hypotheses about phenological shifts, synthesize hundreds of published time series of animal phe- such as the hypothesis that the climatic factors driving seasonal- nology from across the planet to show that temperature pri- ity across latitudes also drive phenological changes. Third, it is marily drives phenological responses at mid-latitudes, with unclear why some species show delayed spring phenologies despite precipitation becoming important at lower latitudes, prob- an overall trend towards advancement10,17. Finally, it is also unclear ably reflecting factors that drive seasonality in each region. -
Rivers for Life Proceedings of the International Symposium on River Biodiversity: Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River System
Rivers for Life Proceedings of the International Symposium on River Biodiversity: Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River System Editors Ravindra Kumar Sinha Benazir Ahmed Ecosystems for Life: A Bangladesh-India Initiative The designation of geographical entities in this publication, figures, pictures, maps, graphs and the presentation of all the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are authors’ personal views and do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. This initiative is supported by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN), Bangladesh. Produced by: IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Copyright: © 2014 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this material for education or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Sinha, R. K. and Ahmed, B. (eds.) (2014). Rivers for Life - Proceedings of the International Symposium on River Biodiversity: Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River System, Ecosystems for Life, A Bangladesh-India Initiative, IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 340 pp. ISBN: ISBN 978-93-5196-807-8 Process Coordinator: Dilip Kumar Kedia, Research Associate, Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, India Copy Editing: Alka Tomar Designed & Printed by: Ennovate Global, New Delhi Cover Photo by: Rubaiyat Mowgli Mansur, WCS Project Team: Brian J. -
Perfect and Imperfect Microsatellite Markers in Determination of Genetic Status of Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos Dubius Gmelin)
Bioinformatics & Proteomics Open Access Journal ISSN: 2642-6129 MEDWIN PUBLISHERS Committed to Create Value for Researchers Perfect and Imperfect Microsatellite Markers in Determination of Genetic Status of Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius Gmelin) 1 2 3 Sharma DK *, Baruah C and Barman PD Research Article 1Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India Volume 5 Issue 1 2Department of Zoology, Darrang College, India Received Date: May 07, 2021 3Aaranyak, Beltola Survey, India Published Date: June 30, 2021 *Corresponding author: DK. Sharma, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Kling Road, Baridua, 793101, India, Email: [email protected] Abstract The Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius), the most endangered stork (IUCN Red List criteria under A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd; Kamrup, Assam, India. An attempt was made to study the status of genetic variability in Greater Adjutant Stork revealed that C2a) losing its number by population has been confined in a small village named Dadra- Pacharia- Singimari in the district of though the Greater Adjutant Stork population is highly threatened, yet the group has been appeared as genetically stable as recorded from that of the observed heterozygosity. Therefore, it is of importance to study the distribution enrichment and polymorphism of microsatellites in the genome of the Greater Adjutant Stork. Five microsatellite markers of cross species- number of alleles varying between 2 to 9 across all loci used. The locus Ah341 was observed to have 2 alleles whilst the specific markers were deployed in this study. All the five microsatellite markers were recorded to be polymorphic with the locus Cc07 was with 9 alleles. -
Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose -
The Flight of Albatross—How to Transform It Into Aerodynamic Engineering?
Engineering, 2014, 6, 427-438 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.68045 The Flight of Albatross—How to Transform It into Aerodynamic Engineering? Günther Pfeifhofer*, Helmut Tributsch Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria Email: *[email protected], [email protected] Received 26 April 2014; revised 30 May 2014; accepted 12 June 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The flight of albatross (Diomedea exulans) takes advantage of the up-drift which is determined by the product of relative wind velocity and it’s gradient above the sea surface, to power its elegant (dynamic) flight over the ocean. Some of the complicated flight manoeuvres are determined by biological necessities. From its most basic flight manoeuvre a technical aerodynamically scheme can be derived which allows the design of a mechanical technical prototype of a wind generator. It is based on a rotational movement in combination with a skillful time dependent adjustment of the airfoil. Several technical possibilities are discussed and with one of these elaborated in some detail. The technology to be developed could be applied in highly asymmetric air streaming envi- ronment around high rise buildings, on mountain ridges and of course, also low above sea level and plains. Mathematical-technical conditions for power gain are discussed. The technology could, in principle, also be deployed to exploit velocity gradients in river water environment. -
2020 National Bird List
2020 NATIONAL BIRD LIST See General Rules, Eye Protection & other Policies on www.soinc.org as they apply to every event. Kingdom – ANIMALIA Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias ORDER: Charadriiformes Phylum – CHORDATA Snowy Egret Egretta thula Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Green Heron American Golden-Plover Subphylum – VERTEBRATA Black-crowned Night-heron Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Class - AVES Ibises and Spoonbills Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Family Group (Family Name) (Threskiornithidae) American Oystercatcher Common Name [Scientifc name Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) is in italics] Black-necked Stilt ORDER: Anseriformes ORDER: Suliformes American Avocet Recurvirostra Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) americana Black-bellied Whistling-duck Double-crested Cormorant Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies Snow Goose Phalacrocorax auritus (Scolopacidae) Canada Goose Branta canadensis Darters (Anhingidae) Spotted Sandpiper Trumpeter Swan Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Ruddy Turnstone Wood Duck Aix sponsa Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Dunlin Calidris alpina Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Magnifcent Frigatebird Wilson’s Snipe Northern Shoveler American Woodcock Scolopax minor Green-winged Teal ORDER: Ciconiiformes Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers (Laridae) Canvasback Deep-water Waders (Ciconiidae) Laughing Gull Hooded Merganser Wood Stork Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Larus argentatus ORDER: Galliformes ORDER: Falconiformes Least Tern Sternula antillarum Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys, and