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United Nations Forum to Mark Fifty Years of Occupation

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United Nations Forum to Mark Fifty Years of Occupation DIVISION FOR PALESTINIAN RIGHTS UNITED NATIONS FORUM TO MARK FIFTY YEARS OF OCCUPATION Ending the Occupation: The Path to Independence, Justice and Peace for Palestine 29 June 2017 Ending the Occupation: Creating the Space for Human Rights, Development, and a Just Peace 30 June 2017 (Civil Society Forum) United Nations Headquarters, New York 18-12873 2 Content Page Executive summary 3 I. Introduction 4 II. Opening session – Day 1 4 III. Plenary sessions – Day 1 5 A. Plenary session I 5 B. Plenary session II 10 IV. Key themes and recommendations – Day 1 14 V. Opening session – Day 2 17 VI. Plenary Sessions – Day 2 17 C. Plenary session III 17 D. Plenary session IV 22 VII. Key themes and recommendations – Day 2 31 Annexes I. Programme 35 II. Summary of the Chair 39 III. Statements of Member States and Intergovernmental Organizations 43 IV. List of Speakers 44 3 Executive Summary The United Nations Forum to Mark Fifty Years of Occupation was convened at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on 29 and 30 June 2017, under the auspices of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP). A day-long event “Ending the Occupation: The Path to Independence, Justice, and Peace for Palestine” was followed by the civil society meeting on “Ending the Occupation: Creating the Space for Human Rights, Development, and a Just Peace”. The Forum brought together political figures, academics, civil society activists, intellectuals and diaspora representatives, including many Israelis and Palestinians, based in the Middle East and elsewhere. Participants articulated a constructive analysis of the current situation and suggestions on how to end the occupation. The meeting was very interactive, with an audience of over 200 attendees, in addition to Member States and Observers. On the first day, the opening session, including statements from the Committee’s Chair and a message from the UN Secretary-General, as well as a speech by the Secretary-General of the PLO Saeb Erekat, on behalf of the State of Palestine, was followed by two high-level panels. In the first, former Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Shlomo Ben Ami analysed the transition of Israeli thinking since 1967 from the secular nation of the pioneers into an ethno- nationalist society. The former Secretary-General of the Arab League and Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Elaraby argued that implementation of existing UN Security Council resolutions should take precedence over further peace discussions. In the second panel, former UN Special Envoy Robert Serry reflected on the role of the UN, seeing it as more part of the problem than part of the solution, and suggesting a bigger role for the European Union instead of the United States. The second day of the Forum included CSO representatives from Palestine, Israel, the United States, and others. Israel had not granted exit permits to anyone in Gaza to participate in person, and the United States had denied visas to two Palestinian CSO representatives. The speakers from Gaza, participating via audio link from a UN office, emphasized that the Gaza crisis was not a natural disaster but a man-made crisis in which massive human rights violations committed against civilians, for political reasons and without accountability and called for action to stop the blockade. Speakers criticised the international community for its “complicity” with Israel in failing to enforce international legality. Others argued that there was no need for additional negotiations – all the solutions for the final status issues had been identified, the Arab Peace Initiative had all the necessary elements for a way forward, and only political will was missing. The presence of Israeli CSOs was a key feature of the Forum; they voiced strong support for an international effort to implement UN Resolutions and to make it clear that the conflict was not between two States, but between an occupying power and an occupied people. They also criticised their Government’s assertion that everyone opposing the occupation was a terrorist, traitor or anti-Semite, which undermined the fight against real terrorism and anti- Semitism. The Forum sent a strong message about the need to end the occupation, ensure accountability for human rights violations and put political pressure on Israel and its allies to achieve both. 4 I. Introduction 1. The United Nations Forum to Mark Fifty Years of Occupation was convened at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on 29-30 June 2017, under the auspices of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP). A day-long event entitled “Ending the Occupation: The Path to Independence, Justice, and Peace for Palestine” was held on 29 June, followed by a civil society forum entitled “Ending the Occupation: Creating the Space for Human Rights, Development, and a Just Peace” on 30 June. 2. The Forum brought together international experts, representatives of the diplomatic community, civil society, including Palestinians and Israelis, as well as academics and students of diverse backgrounds and views to discuss the ongoing occupation. A series of moderated interactive panels underscored the importance of ending the occupation as an antecedent step towards a peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Forum provided experts and civil society organizations (CSOs) with a valuable advocacy platform to inform policy and diplomatic action on the question of Palestine at UN Headquarters. The final programme of the Forum is annexed to this report. Day 1 “Ending the Occupation: The Path to Independence, Justice and Peace for Palestine” II. Opening session – Day 1 3. The Chair of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People and the Permanent Representative of Senegal to the United Nations, Ambassador Fodé Seck, chaired the opening session. 4. The message of Secretary-General António Guterres, delivered by Deputy Secretary- General Amina J. Mohammed, noted that ending the occupation is the only way to lay the foundations for an enduring peace that meets both the Israeli security needs and Palestinian aspirations for statehood and sovereignty. Recalling that five decades of occupation have fuelled recurring cycles of violence and retribution, its ending would remove a driver of violent extremism and terrorism in the region. The Secretary-General called for a return to direct negotiations and reiterated his offer to work with all relevant stakeholders to support a genuine peace process. 5. In her own opening remarks, Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed emphasized that the two-State solution is the only path to ensure that Palestinians and Israelis can realize their national and historic aspirations and live in peace, security, and dignity. All unilateral actions that undermine the two-State solution, particularly the continued expansion of Israeli settlements which constitute a violation of international law, should end. She highlighted the occupation’s humanitarian costs noting that that the most vulnerable are paying the highest price for political failure on the part of various stakeholders, including the international community. 6. The Chair of the Committee, Ambassador Fodé Seck (Senegal), highlighted the responsibility of the international community to redouble its efforts to reach a viable two-State 5 solution on the basis of international law and all relevant UN resolutions. He stressed that ending the occupation is the only way to achieve the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. 7. On behalf of the State of Palestine, Secretary-General of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Saeb Erakat described the ongoing occupation as an opportune environment for extremism in the Middle East. He called for accountability on the part of the Israeli Government, including with respect to its “apartheid” policies and discriminatory laws. He called for all of the international community to recognize the State of Palestine with East Jerusalem as its capital, underscored that Gaza is an integral part of a Palestinian State and called on Hamas to end its “coup d’état”. Finally, he expressed hope that the engagement of the US administration would lead to peace. III. Plenary sessions – Day 1 A. Plenary session I “The Costs and Consequences of Fifty Years of Occupation” 8. The panel addressing “The Costs and Consequences of Fifty Years of Occupation” was chaired by Ambassador Fodé Seck, Permanent Representative of Senegal to the United Nations and Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People. The panel was moderated by Ms. Michele Dunne, Director and Senior Fellow of the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and comprised of four expert speakers – Mr. Saeb Erakat, Secretary-General of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Mr. Shlomo Ben-Ami, Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Israel, Mr. Nabil Elaraby, Former Secretary-General of the League of Arab States, and Ms. Zaha Hassan, Former Coordinator and Senior Legal Advisor to the Palestinian Negotiating Team during Palestine’s bid for United Nations membership. 9. The discussion began by recalling that Israel had taken control of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, the Golan Highs, and the Sinai Peninsula following the June 1967 war. While the Sinai Peninsula was eventually returned to Egypt, other Palestinian territories remain in a patchwork of different arrangements, including under occupation (the West Bank), subjected to a blockade (Gaza), and annexation (East Jerusalem). 10. Mr. Elaraby provided a regional perspective on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, focusing on two general overarching issues – the importance of enforcing international law and the recognition of the “reach of the Palestinian territories”. Describing the ongoing Israeli occupation as an affront to the international legal order, he noted that the narrative around this conflict has shifted over the decades from one of dialogue complemented by concrete steps aimed at implementing relevant UN resolutions, to one of talking without action.
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