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Triameen® Y12D – High Performance, Broad Spectrum Biocide

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Triameen® Y12D – High Performance, Broad Spectrum Biocide Thannhausen, Germany, December 19, 2019 Thannhausen, Germany, | Volume 145 Volume | 12/19 vegan silk ® How can silk be vegan? Triameen Y12D – SEPAWA High Performance, congress 12 event report 2019 english Broad Spectrum Biocide home care for Disinfection and sensors High Performance, Broad Spectrum Biocide High-acyl Gellan Gum as a Functional for Disinfection and Preservation Polyacrylate Substitute in Emulsions Preservation skin care Cosmetic Peeling Formulations: Skin- & Environment-friendly Breaking New Ground in the Exploration on Skin Microbiome Biotechnological Active Ingredient, Protecting Skin Microbiota R. Borgmann-Strahsen SOFW Journal 12/19 | Volume 145 | Thannhausen, Germany, December 19, 2019 home care | safety Triameen® Y12D - High Performance, Broad Spectrum Biocide for Disinfection and Preservation R. Borgmann-Strahsen Introduction Control of harmful microorganisms is important in many application fields to ensure human and animal welfare and product integrity. The trend to more sustainable products/pro- cesses like use of natural based raw materials, reduction of Fig. 1 Molecular structure of Triameen® Y12D. solvents and increasing recycling of industrial water enhance the risk of microbial deterioration. Hence biocides play an important role in safeguarding our current standard of living plications. The molecular structure of Triameen® Y12D is shown and realizing a more sustainable future. in Fig. 1. As can be seen it has the shape of a “Y” with primary In Europe the making available on the market and use of bio- amine groups (blue circles) at the end of the 2 propyl groups and a cidal products is regulated by the Biocidal Products Regulation tertiary amine group (black circle) at the cross-point. (BPR, Regulation (EU) No 528/2012). It replaces the European Triameen® Y12D is in the review program of the BPR under Biocidal Product Directive (BPD, Directive 98/8/EC). the short name “Diamine”. The purpose of the BPR is to improve the free movement of Nouryon Surface Chemistry supports the following BPR prod- biocidal products within the Union while ensuring a high level uct types (Tab. 1). of protection of both human and animal health and the en- vironment. Disinfection applications Due to high cost involved in registration many biocidal active substances were not supported and disappeared in the mean- Triameen® Y12D is broadly used in the field of disinfection. time from the market. Others were not approved in the still Below we will give specific attention to it’s use in indirect ongoing BPR review process. Hazard labelling according to food/feed contact applications. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and As mentioned above, Triameen® Y12D is in the BPR review packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP regulation), e.g. process for PT4 application, Food and feed area disinfection. as sensitizer, mutagen or carcinogen lead to further decrease In the dossier we have shown that usual concentrations are of appropriate actives. Last, but not least, also public opinion safe regarding indirect food contact. We are still waiting for plays an important role in acceptance of active substances. evaluation of our dossier by the authorities for final approval, All these factors resulted in strong decrease of available active but we do not expect any issues. In the meantime, Triameen® substances for specific application fields and increasing risk fall- Y12D can be continued to be used for this application. ing below an adequate number of different mol- ecules for safe and effective biocide applications. In this article we will explore the particular perfor- Main Group Product Type mance characteristics that make Triameen® Y12D 1: Disinfectants 2: Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct such an interesting and differentiated biocide for application to humans or animals use in disinfection and preservation today. 3: Veterinary hygiene 4: Food and feed area ® 2: Preservatives 6: Preservatives for products during storage Triameen Y12D 11: Preservatives for liquid-cooling and processing systems 12: Slimicides ® Triameen Y12D (N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpro- 13: Working or cutting fluid preservatives pane-1,3-diamine, CAS no 2372-82-9) is a highly effective biocidal active substance applicable in a Tab. 1 broad variety of disinfectant and preservative ap- 46 sofwjournal | 145 | 12/19 safety| home care For some active substances being also used as pesticides Assessment (BfR) on Food Contact Materials are often used for so-called MRL=maximum residue limits have been fixed. An orientation. They are based on European law and its transposi- MRL is the highest level of a pesticide residue that is legally tion into national law. tolerated in or on food or feed when pesticides are applied Triameen® Y12D is listed in the following BfR recommenda- correctly (Good Agricultural Practice). For those active sub- tions: stances for which an MRL has been fixed this is also ap- • XIV: Polymer dispersions for coating commodities plicable for disinfection in the food/feed area. An example • XXXVI: Paper and board. for this MRL setting coming out of the pesticide application and transferred to surface disinfection are the quaternary Many active substances for preservation show strong limita- ammonium compounds DDAC (Didecyldimethylammonium tion in usability due to hazard labelling as being a sensitizer, chloride, CAS number 7173-51-5) and BKC (C12-16-alkyldi- mutagen or carcinogen. Triameen® Y12D does not have any methylbenzylammonium chloride, CAS number 68424-85- of these properties. 1). Their MRL has been set to 0.1 mg/kg foodstuff (REGULA- It is also free of aldehydes and halogens. TION (EU) No 1119/2014). Another limitation of a number of active substances is their For Triameen® Y12D there is currently no MRL set. If this will be suitability as preservatives for EU Ecolabel formulations. Many needed, it will be decided in several years after careful monitor- have a concentration limit mentioned which is below the level ing and risk assessment starting after the BPR approval of the of efficacy. For Triameen® Y12D there is no limit mentioned. active substance for PT4. Background for this is the EU Note for It is largely naturally sourced, with the natural component of agreement (CA-March17-Doc.7.6.c-final) describing an inter- vegetable origin resulting in 67% renewable carbon index im approach to decide in which situations and/or under which (RCI). Triameen® Y12 will be soon available in an RSPO cer- conditions it is necessary to establish MRL values. tified version. Another piece of legislation used as orientation help if spe- cific molecules may be used in food contact application in Efficacy the cleaning/disinfection area is the so-called French Positive List. This is a list based on French Decree No. 73-138 of 12 An overview on the spectrum of efficacy of Triameen® Y12D is February 1973 (amended several times) on cleaning products given in Fig. 2. It shows the concentration in ppm active sub- for materials and articles intended to come into contact with stance needed to pass the quantitative suspension tests EN foodstuffs, products and beverages for human and animal 1276 and EN 1650. For simulation of practical conditions, the consumption. tests are performed in the presence of water hardness (17°dH ® Triameen Y12D is in compliance with the French Positive List. (German hardness) = 300 mg/kg as CaCO3) and bovine albu- min as protein load. The tests in Fig. 2 were conducted at a Preservative applications level of 0.03% bovine albumin (clean conditions). Different gram negative and gram positive bacteria were tested as well Also, in the field of preservation the question of allowance in as fungi. Decreasing concentrations in the figure point to in- food contact applications is of significant interest. In this context creasing efficacy. the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk It is remarkable that Triameen® Y12D has a very even level of concentration needed to pass the test versus the different organisms meaning that it has a broad spectrum of ef- ficacy. Triameen® Y12D is a fatty amine-based bio- cide, similar to quaternary ammonium com- pounds but without the permanent positive charge on the nitrogen. The nitrogen atoms of Triameen® Y12D may become partially positively charged in application, based on the pH value in relation to the pKa value of the amine groups. When comparing the efficacy of Triameen® Y12D with that of the quats it is remark- able that the quats show a much stronger deviation in the spectrum. They are strongly ® Fig. 2 Efficacy of Triameen Y12D versus different gram negative and gram positive bacteria effective against gram positive bacteria but according to EN 1276 and versus fungi according to EN 1650. significantly less effective against fungi and 12/19 | 145 | sofwjournal 47 home care | safety Fig. 4 Efficacy of Triameen® Y12D and the quaternary ammonium compounds Fig. 3 Microscopic picture of the gram negative DDAC and BKC versus the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. according to EN 1276, clean conditions. gram negative bacteria in the standard tests EN 1276 and pH value. Pseudomonas aeruginosa however shows a specific EN 1650. Specifically, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fig. 3) needs behaviour in the presence of water hardness in the standard relatively high concentrations of quats to be controlled. This test. It’s efficacy also increases with increasing pH value but can be seen in Fig. 4. gets lost above the pH of 9. This effect is only observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and not with the other bacterial Efficacy against mycobacteria test strains in EN 1276. At pH 9 there is the pKa value to the tertiary amine group of Triameen® Y12D. Another group of bacteria being highly important in the field Pseudomonas aeruginosa as gram negative bacteria has an of disinfection and preservation are mycobacteria. Their ex- outer membrane in the cell wall. It is known that water hard- tremely lipophilic cell wall is impermeable to the gram staining ness, so Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions stabilize this outer membrane dyes which is why mycobacteria cannot be sorted into this cat- leading to general decrease of efficacy of biocides.
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