DAYAWATI MODI ACADEMY(2020-21) MODIPURAM MEERUT Class XII TEACHER NAME – MS. JYOTI KUMAR ASSIGNMENT AND NOTES – FINE ARTS Bengal School Introduction- The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an influential art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal, primarily Kolkata and Shanti niketan, and flourished Throughout India during the British Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led by Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951) He was also promoted and supported by British arts administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development of the modern Indian painting Origin & Development The Bengal school arose as an avant garde and nationalist movement reacting against the academic art styles previously promoted in India, both by Indian artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and in British art schools. Following the influence of Indian spiritual ideas in the West, the British art teacher Ernest Binfield Havell attempted to reform the teaching methods at the Calcutta School of Art by encouraging students to imitate Mughal miniatures. Havell was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore Tagore's best-known painting, Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objects symbolic of India's national aspirations. Tagore later attempted to develop links with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist model of art. Other painters and artists of Bengal school were GaganendranathTagore(Tagore's brother), Asit Kumar Haldar, M.A.R Chughtai, Sunayani Devi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Kshitindranath Majumdar, Nandalal Bose, Kalipada Ghoshal, Sughra Rababi and Sudhir Khastgir. Bharat mata Bharat Mata is a work painted by the Indian painter Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. The work depicts Bharat Mata, or Mother India, in the style of a Hindu Goddess. The painting was the first illustrated depiction of the concept, and was painted during with Swadesh ideals during the larger Indian Independence movement EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL FLAG FIRST – 1906 The first National Flag of India was hoisted on August 7, 1906 in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park), Kolkata. The flag was composed of three equal horizontal stripes of green, yellow and red. The green stripe on the top had eight white lotuses embossed in a row. The word Vande Mataram was inscribed in deep blue on the middle yellow stripe at the bottom had the sun in white on the left and the crescent and a star in white on the right Middle 1921 The second flag came out in 1921; Pingali Vengaiyah (an Andhra youth) prepared a flag and handed it to Gandhiji. It was in two colour, red and green representing two major communities and a large charkha extending to both the bands as a symbol of progress. Gandhiji apparently was pleased with the Flag and suggested to the youth to introduce a white stripe in the middle and superimpose the charkha in blue on it. FINAL STAGE – 1947 On July 22 1947, Constituent assembly adopted a new Flag as free India’s National Flag with saffron at the top, white at the middle and green at the bottom in equal proportions and the chakra in navy blue on white stripe (Chakra which appears on the lion capital of Ashoka at Sarnath as Dharma Chakra). The diameter of the wheel (Chakra) shall be approximate to the width of the white band at the middle. The ratio of the width and length of the Flag shall ordinarily be two breadths by three lengths. The significance of the colours is as follows: Saffron - Courage and sacrifice White - Truth and peace Green - Faith and chivalry Ratio - 3:2 Abanindranath Tagore Introduction Born in the family of artists and painters, it was expected that Abanindranath Tagore would continue this legacy. And eventually he did, for the nation got its "Father of India's Modern Art" in the form of Abanindranath Tagore. Nephew of the world-renowned Bengali poet, musician, painter, and playwright Rabindranath Tagore, Abanindranath is celebrated for his attempts of modernizing the Moghul and Rajput styles of art to come up with an Indian touch replacing the Western models Such was his devotion and affection towards painting that they traveled throughout the world and exhibited on various foreign lands. His modern Indian art saw several more painters being influenced, some of which include the notable and eminent Nandalal Bose, Asit Kumar Halder, Kshitindranath Majumder, Mukul Dey, Manishi Dey, and Jamini Roy. Early Life He was born to Gunendranath Tagore, son of Girindranath Tagore His grandfather Girindranath and elder brother Gaganendranath were also prominent painters, who painted portraits and landscapes in the European style. Abanindranath himself grew up to excel in painting as well as writing. He attended the Sanskrit College from 1881 to 1889 where he gained interest for painting. Soon after he left college, he was married off to Suhasini Devi in 1889. Suhasini was the daughter of Bhujagendra Bhusan Chatterjee, Soon after that, Abanindranath took admission in St. Xavier's College to study English, for one and a half years Career At about 25 years of age in 1897, Abanindranath started taking private painting lessons from an Italian artist, Signor Gilhardi, the Vice Principal of the Calcutta Government School of Art. He studied cast drawing, foliage drawing, pastel, and life study. Later, he attended the studio of Charles Palmer, an English painter from England, for three or four years to attain proficiency in oil painting and portraiture. . He even worked on the Krishna-Lal series, displaying a unique blend of European and Indian styles. The principal of Calcutta School of Art, E.B. Havell, was so impressed by his works that he offered him the post of Vice Principal at the same school. With this, began Abanindranath's journey of mastering several forms of arts and paintings. He studied Mughal and Rajput painting styles under the guidance of Havell. Later Career Abanindranath followed his own traditions which were successfully depicted through his paintings , he established a new national vocabulary in art and helped in regenerating the Abanindranath's contact with the outside world, beginning with various Asian artists, such as Chinese and Japanese calligraphic traditions. He learnt Japanese art under the guidance of the distinguished artist Okakura, who had come to India with Swami Vivekananda.art and aesthetic scene in India During his stint at the Government Art College, Abanindranath made stencil cutting and origami obligatory for students, replacing the once-proudly resting European paintings by Moghul and Rajput paintings on the school wall. In the year 1907, Abanindranath established 'The Bengal School' and 'Indian School of Oriental Art' to promote his-style of painting at a national level. Abanindranath created over 500 paintings, some of which are displayed in Rabindra Bharati Society's collection at Jorasanko in Calcutta. Painting of abniondranath tagore(end of journey) It shows a camel that has collapsed under its heavy load carried over long distances. The image shows Abanindranath's precise yet delicate lines, intensity of the emotive content, a combination of glowing colours and a misty appearance. These qualities make 'Journey's End', an unforgettable image Nandlal bose Introduction Nandalal Bose was an Indian painter of the Bengal school of art. Bose was known for his "Indian style" of painting He became the principal of KalaBhavan, Shanti Niketan in 1922. . He was influenced by the Tagore family and the murals of Ajanta; his classic works include paintings of scenes from Indian mythologies, women, and village life. Today, many critics consider his paintings among India's most important modern paintings Early life Nandalal was born on 3 December 1882 in a middle-class Bengali family of Kharagpur, a small town in the Monghyr district of Bihar state His father, Purnachandra Bose, was at that time working in the Darbhanga Estate. His mother Kshetramonidevi was a housewife with a skill in improvising toys and dolls for young Nandalal. . From his early days Nandalal began taking an interest in modelling images and later, decorating Puja pandals. In 1897, Nandalal moved to Calcutta for his high school studies in the Central Collegiate School After clearing his examinations in 1902, he continued his college studies at the same institution. In June 1903 he married Sudhiradevi, the daughter of a family friend Career As a young artist, Nandalal Bose was deeply influenced by the murals of the Ajanta Caves He had become part of an international circle of artists and writers seeking to revive classical Indian culture Bose created a black on white linocut print of Gandhi walking with a staff. It became the iconic image for the non-violence movement. His genius and original style were recognized by famous artists and art critics like Gaganendranath Tagore, Ananda Coomaraswamy and O. C. Ganguli. These lovers of art felt that objective criticism was necessary for the development of painting and founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art. He became principal of the Kala Bhavana (College of Arts) at Tagore's International University Santiniketan in 1922. He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India’s awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri Today, the National Gallery of Modern Art in Delhi holds 7000 of his works in its collection, including a 1930 black and white linocutof the Dandi March depicting Mahatma Gandhi, and a set of seven posters he later made at the request of Mahatma Gandhi for the 1938 Haripura Session of the Indian National Congress Students Some of his students were Benode Behari Mukherjee, Ramkinkar Baij, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha, Pratima Thakur, Sovon Som,Jahar Dasgupta, Sabita Thakur, and Kondapalli SeshagiriRao.