DOCSLIB.ORG

Growth, Survival and Distribution of Gammarus Lacustris

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Growth, Survival and Distribution of Gammarus Lacustris Growth. Survival and Distribution ·of Gammarus /acustris · (Crustacea- Amphipoda) Stocked into Ponds <J: "'~ ~ N . · ~ o athias and M. Papst .!J ..-- ~=--~'(') ... > 0 • eJ 0 Ul 0 w 0 Lt.. 0 ~ N n Region ~ ~ nent of Fisheries and Oceans ~ ; ~g, Manitoba R3T 2N6 Ul=>_ August . 198~ · Canadian Technical Report of ·Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences No.989 ' ' Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences These reports contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific (i.e. Journa[) publication. Technical Reports are directed primarily towards a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences, and aquatic environments relevant to Canada. Technical Reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Department's index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Details on the availability of Technical Reports in hard copy may be obtained from the issuing establishment indicated on the front cover. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Ces rapports eontiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution importante aux connaissances actuelles mais qui, pour une raison ou pour une autre, ne semblent pas appro pries pour Ia publication dans un journal scientifique. II n 'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet, de fait, Ia serie reflete !a vaste gamme des interets et des politiques du Ministere des Peches et des Oceans, notamment gestion des peches, techniques et developpement, sciences oceaniques et environnements aquatiques, au Canada. Les Rapports techniques peuvent etre consideres comme des publications completes. Le titre exact paraitra au haut du resume de chaque rapport, qui sera pub lie dans Ia revue Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts et qui figurera dans !'index annuel des publications scientifiques et techniques du Ministere. Les numeros I-456 de cette serie ont ete publies a titre de Rapports techniques de !'Office des recherches sur les pecheries du Canada. Les numeros 457-714, a titre de Rapports techniques de Ia Direction generale de Ia recherche et du developpement, Service des peches et de Ia mer, ministere de l'Environnement. Les numeros 715-924 ont ete publies a titre de Rapports techniques du Service des peches et de Ia mer, Ministere des Peches et de l'Environnement. Le nom de Ia serie a ete modi fie a partir du numero 925. La page couverture porte le nom de l'etablissement auteur ou l'on peut se procurer les rapports sous couverture cartonnee. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 989 August 1981 GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND DISTRIBUTION OF Gammarus ~custris (CRUSTACEA - AMPHIPODA) STOCKED INTO PONDS J. A. Mathias and M. Papst Western Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 This is the 132nd Technical Report from the Western Region, Winnipeg ERRATA SHEET Mathias, J.A., and M. Papst. 1981. Growth, survival and distribution of Gammarus Zacustris (Crustacea - Arnphipoda) stocked into~. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 989: iv + 11 p. iP~ 'i The correct figure captions should read: Figure 1. Fish pond designed for amphipod-trout food chain. Zone A is shallow, a refuge and production habitat for G. lacustris, Zone C is deeper, a cool-water habitat for Salmo gairdneri. Zones Band D are shallow pond margins. Figure 2. Frequency distribution of Gammarus lacustris brood size. Mean, standard error and sample size are indicated. A. Pond population, June 2 and June 18 combined; B. Lake 100 population, May 30 and June 4, 13 and 16 combined. Figure 3. Proportion of female Gammarus Zacustris with broods, as a percentage of adult population (solid circles) and as percentage of female population (open triangles). Numbers in brackets indicate the percentage of broods which have developed to the juvenile stage. Sample sizes are indicated at top of graphs. A. Pond population. B. Lake 100 population. Figure 4. Growth rate of adult and juvenile Gammarus lacustris in the pond (solid circles) and in Lake 100 (open triangles). Vertical lines indicate 95% confidence limits. Figure 5. Mortality of Gammarus Zacustris in the pond. A. Eggs plus juveniles. Open circle, estimated egg density, solid circle, observed egg density; solid squares, observed juvenile densities. 8. Adults. Open circles, estimated adult densities; solid squares, observed adult densities. Percentage values are calculated mortality rates in percent per day. Figure 6. Density of Gammarus Zacustris adults (shaded bars) and juveniles (open bars) found in the four sampling zones. Note different scale for juveniles and adults. The relative area of each zone is shown as a percentage. -~~ i i (£) Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1981 Cat. no. Fs 97-6/989 ISSN 070 6-6457 Correct citation for this publication: Mathias, J.A., and M. Papst. 1981. Growth, survival and distribution of Gammarus Zacustris (Crustacea - Amphipoda) stocked into ponds. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 989: iv + 11 p. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS 1 RESULTS 2 Reproduction 2 Growth . 2 Mortality 2 Distribution 2 Predators 3 DISCUSSION . 3 Reproduction 3 Growth .. 3 Mortality . 3 Distribution 3 REFERENCES 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Percentage of G. Zacustris by weight (by volume for N. Dakota lakes) in stomachs of rainbow trout, SaZmo gairdneri 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Fish pond designed for amphipod-trout food chain . 6 2 Frequency distribution of Gammarus Zacustris brood size 7 3 Proportion of female Gammarus Zacustris with broods 8 4 Growth rate of adult and juvenile Gammarus Zacustris g 5 Mortality of Gammarus Zacustris in the pond 10 6 Density of Gammarus Zacustris 11 iv ABSTRACT Mathias, J.A., and M. Papst. 1981. Growth, survival and distribution of Gammarus Zacustris (Crustacea - Amphipoda) stocked into~. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 989: iv + 11 p. pa (J Gammarus Zacustris was stocked at a density of 411 animals m- 2 into a 1.8 ha pond with no fish predators. A high mortality rate of 8% da- 1 was attributed to invertebrate predation. Growth rates and brood sizes of the stocked amphipods were similar to those of the parent population. Sex ratio, body size and reproductive stage of adult G. Zacustris were biased by the harvest method and therefore differed between the stocked and parent populations. Stocking of G. Zacustris into ponds as a food organism for fish is feasible if invertebrate predators can be controlled. Key words: invertebrates; amphipods; growth; survival; stocking; pond; Gammarus. RESUME Mathias, J.A., and M. Papst. 1981. Growth, survival and distribution of Gammarus Zacustris (Crustacea - Amphipoda) stocked into~. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 989: iv + 11 p. P J L'experience a consiste a peupler de Gammarus Zacustris un etang de 1.8 ha, a une densite de 411 gammares par m2 • L'etang ne contenait aucun poisson predateur. Le taux eleve de mortalite (B% par jour) a ete attribue a 1'action d'invertebres predateurs. La vitesse de croissance des gammares experimentaux et le nombre de petits de leurs femelles, ressemblent a ceux de la population cousine temoin. Les donnees sur la repartition sexuelle, la taille et le stade de reproduction chez le gammare adulte ont ete faussees par la methode de recolte et, en consequence, different de celles relatives a la population temoin. Peupler les etangs de Gamnarus Zacustris pour les faire servir d'aliment aux poissons est donc faisable, a condition que 1'Dn contr6le les invertebres predateurs. Mots-cles: invertebres; amphipodes; croissance; survie; peupler; etang; Gammarus. I NTRODUCTI ON extended only 2-2.5 111 into tile pond. Pota/IIC/tleton pectinatus and MyFiop71ylllan exalbescenfJ were the The arnphi pod Gcunll/CU"us laaustl~is lacuatl'is dominant species. The pond bottom (zone C) was Sars is commonly found in lakes and ponds bare, ~'Jith scattered patches of Ch,..ll''a sp. In the throughout the Hudson Bay drainage basin. It spring of 1979, a large number of sweep samples attains densities of up to 7000 per m2 in small taken with fine-mesh dip net in zones A, B, C, lakes on the Canadian prairies where there are and 0 of the pond produced only two G. lacustyifJ no fish predators (Mathias, unpublished data). adults and several HyalelZa a2teca. Johnson et al. (1970) sU9gested that G. Zacustris production in these prairie lakes could form An estimated 7.6 x 10 6 G. lacustris (mean the basis for the free-ran9in9 (extensive) density, 411 individuals m- Z). were stocked into culture of rainbow trout. Thousands of pothole the pond between May 16 and June 14, 1979. The lakes have since been used for trout culture. animals were harvested (see Mathias et a1. MS and several studies of trout food habits in these for methods) one to three days prior to stocking lakes have shown that G. lacustris makes up about from lake 100 near Erickson, Manitoba (see Sarica 30% of the diet of larger trout (over 50 9rams) 1975 and Sunde and 8arica (1975) for lake descrip­ in lakes where forage fish are not available as tion), held overnight in floating cages.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecological Effects of the Mass Occurrence of the Ponto-Caspian Invader, Hemimysis Anomala G.O
    Hydrobiologia 394: 233-248, 1999 © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands Ecological effects of the mass occurrence of the Ponto-Caspian invader, Hemimysis anomala G.O. Sars, 1907 (Crustacea: Mysidacea), in a freshwater storage reservoir in the Netherlands, with notes on its autecology and new records Ketelaars H.A.M.1,*, F.E. Lambregts-van de Clundert1, C.J. Carpentier1, A.J. Wagenvoort1 & W. Hoogenboezem2 1Biological Laboratory, Water Storage Company Brabantse Biesbosch, P.O. Box 61, NL-4250 DB Werkendam, The Netherlands 2PWN Water Supply Company North Holland, P.O. Box 5, NL-2060 BA Bloemendaal, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] (*author for correspondence) Received 12 December 1998; in revised form 2 February 1999; accepted 25 February 1999 Key words: Hemimysis anomala, Mysidacea, exotic species, Ponto-Caspian, biological invasion, ecological effects Abstract A new Ponto-Caspian invader, the mysid Hemimysis anomala G.O. Sars, 1907 (Crustacea: Mysidacea) was recorded for the first time in the Netherlands in 1997. In the summer of 1998 extremely high den- sities (>6 ind. 1-1) of this neozoon were recorded in one of the Biesbosch reservoirs (Honderd en Dertig). This high abundance can not be explained by a recent invasion. Either H. anomala reached the Nether- lands via the River Rhine, probably aided by shipping, or through transport with ballast water from the Baltic or Black Sea. The invasion had dramatic effects on the zooplankton composition and abundance: from the end of August onwards hardly any Anomopoda, Ostracoda, Rotifera and invertebrate predators (Leptodora kindti and Bythotrephes longimanus) were present.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2, Chapter 10-2: Arthropods: Crustacea
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Arthropods: Crustacea – Ostracoda and Amphipoda. Chapt. 10-2. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. 10-2-1 Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 10-2 ARTHROPODS: CRUSTACEA – OSTRACODA AND AMPHPODA TABLE OF CONTENTS CLASS OSTRACODA ..................................................................................................................................... 10-2-2 Adaptations ................................................................................................................................................ 10-2-3 Swimming to Crawling ....................................................................................................................... 10-2-3 Reproduction ....................................................................................................................................... 10-2-3 Habitats ...................................................................................................................................................... 10-2-3 Terrestrial ............................................................................................................................................ 10-2-3 Peat Bogs ............................................................................................................................................ 10-2-4 Aquatic ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda
    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea: Amphipoda) in Texas and New Mexico, Usa
    ANALYSIS OF THE GAMMARUS-PECOS COMPLEX (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) IN TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO, USA GERALD A. COLE Route 4, Box 892 Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 ABSTRACT A comparative study was made of representatives from seven populations of Gammarus in Texan and New Mexican fresh-to-miohaline waters in areas once overlain by Permian seas. They included the described species: G. pecos Cole and Bousfield (symbolized P) from Pecos Co., TX; G. hyalelloides Cole (H) from Phantom Lake Spring, Jeff Davis Co., TX; and G. desperatus Cole (D) from Chaves Co., NM. Members of other populations were examined from: San Solomon Spring (S), Toyahvale, Reeves Co., TX; a large species (C) co-occurring with H in Phantom Lake Spring; a small form (M) that came either from Phantom Lake Spring or from a spring 350 m to the north; and a species (E) from a pool near Carlsbad, Eddy Co., NM. All members of the group lack calceoli, bear C-setae on their mandibular palps, and have narrow oostegites. Coxae 1-4, in the larger individuals, are armed abundantly with long setae, and all animals have at least one spine at the posterodistal corner of the first peduncular article of the antennule. Twenty Mann-Whitney U tests were applied to certain morphologic attributes of the seven populations. The results suggest that: P and S are conspecific, with the latter showing some affinities to the larger animals (C) in the nearby Phantom Lake Spring system; C probably is a new species although more closely related to M and H than are the other four; G.
    [Show full text]
  • Esox Lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2019 Web Version, 8/26/2019 Photo: Ryan Hagerty/USFWS. Public Domain – Government Work. Available: https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/26990/rec/22. (February 1, 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Circumpolar in fresh water. North America: Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from Labrador to Alaska and south to Pennsylvania and Nebraska, USA [Page and Burr 2011]. Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Baltic, White, Barents, Arctic, North and Aral Seas and Atlantic basins, southwest to Adour drainage; Mediterranean basin in Rhône drainage and northern Italy. Widely distributed in central Asia and Siberia easward [sic] to Anadyr drainage (Bering Sea basin). Historically absent from Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean France, central Italy, southern and western Greece, eastern Adriatic basin, Iceland, western Norway and northern Scotland.” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list Esox lucius as native in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, 1 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Canada, and the United States (including Alaska). From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Occurs in Erqishi river and Ulungur lake [in China].” “Known from the Selenge drainage [in Mongolia] [Kottelat 2006].” “[In Turkey:] Known from the European Black Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds, Central and Western Anatolian lake watersheds, and Gulf watersheds (Firat Nehri, Dicle Nehri).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9 in Biology of the Acanthocephala]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1985 Epizootiology: [Chapter 9 in Biology of the Acanthocephala] Brent B. Nickol University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Nickol, Brent B., "Epizootiology: [Chapter 9 in Biology of the Acanthocephala]" (1985). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 505. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/505 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Nickol in Biology of the Acanthocephala (ed. by Crompton & Nickol) Copyright 1985, Cambridge University Press. Used by permission. 9 Epizootiology Brent B. Nickol 9.1 Introduction In practice, epizootiology deals with how parasites spread through host populations, how rapidly the spread occurs and whether or not epizootics result. Prevalence, incidence, factors that permit establishment ofinfection, host response to infection, parasite fecundity and methods of transfer are, therefore, aspects of epizootiology. Indeed, most aspects of a parasite could be related in sorne way to epizootiology, but many ofthese topics are best considered in other contexts. General patterns of transmission, adaptations that facilitate transmission, establishment of infection and occurrence of epizootics are discussed in this chapter. When life cycles are unknown, little progress can be made in under­ standing the epizootiological aspects ofany group ofparasites.
    [Show full text]
  • Nabs 2004 Final
    CURRENT AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON BENTHIC BIOLOGY 2004 Published August, 2005 North American Benthological Society 2 FOREWORD “Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology” is published annu- ally for the members of the North American Benthological Society, and summarizes titles of articles published during the previous year. Pertinent titles prior to that year are also included if they have not been cited in previous reviews. I wish to thank each of the members of the NABS Literature Review Committee for providing bibliographic information for the 2004 NABS BIBLIOGRAPHY. I would also like to thank Elizabeth Wohlgemuth, INHS Librarian, and library assis- tants Anna FitzSimmons, Jessica Beverly, and Elizabeth Day, for their assistance in putting the 2004 bibliography together. Membership in the North American Benthological Society may be obtained by contacting Ms. Lucinda B. Johnson, Natural Resources Research Institute, Uni- versity of Minnesota, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811. Phone: 218/720-4251. email:[email protected]. Dr. Donald W. Webb, Editor NABS Bibliography Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity 607 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 217/333-6846 e-mail: [email protected] 3 CONTENTS PERIPHYTON: Christine L. Weilhoefer, Environmental Science and Resources, Portland State University, Portland, O97207.................................5 ANNELIDA (Oligochaeta, etc.): Mark J. Wetzel, Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820.................................................................................................................6 ANNELIDA (Hirudinea): Donald J. Klemm, Ecosystems Research Branch (MS-642), Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Re- search Laboratory, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268- 0001 and William E.
    [Show full text]
  • Diel Horizontal Migration of Zooplankton: Costs and Benefits Of
    Freshwater Biology (2002) 47, 343–365 FRESHWATER BIOLOGY SPECIAL REVIEW Diel horizontal migration of zooplankton: costs and benefits of inhabiting the littoral R. L. BURKS,* D. M. LODGE,* E. JEPPESEN† and T. L. LAURIDSEN† *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, U.S.A. †Department of Lake and Estuarine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsøvej, Silkeborg, Denmark SUMMARY 1. In some shallow lakes, Daphnia and other important pelagic consumers of phyto- plankton undergo diel horizontal migration (DHM) into macrophytes or other structures in the littoral zone. Some authors have suggested that DHM reduces predation by fishes on Daphnia and other cladocerans, resulting in a lower phytoplankton biomass in shallow lakes than would occur without DHM. The costs and benefits of DHM, and its potential implications in biomanipulation, are relatively unknown, however. 2. In this review, we compare studies on diel vertical migration (DVM) to assess factors potentially influencing DHM (e.g. predators, food, light, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH). We first provide examples of DHM and examine avoidance by Daphnia of both planktivorous (PL) fishes and predacious invertebrates. 3. We argue that DHM should be favoured when the abundance of macrophytes is high (which reduces planktivory) and the abundance of piscivores in the littoral is sufficient to reduce planktivores. Food in the littoral zone may favour DHM by daphnids, but the quality of these resources relative to pelagic phytoplankton is largely unknown. 4. We suggest that abiotic conditions, such as light, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, are less likely to influence DHM than DVM because weaker gradients of these conditions occur horizontally in shallow lakes relative to vertical gradients in deep lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Temperature Has No Consequence for Behavioral
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Increased temperature has no consequence for behavioral manipulation despite efects on both partners in the interaction between a crustacean host and a manipulative parasite Sophie Labaude1,2*, Frank Cézilly1, Lila De Marco1 & Thierry Rigaud1 Parasites alter many traits of their hosts. In particular, parasites known as “manipulative” may increase their probability of transmission by inducing phenotypic alterations in their intermediate hosts. Although parasitic-induced alterations can modify species’ ecological roles, the proximate factors modulating this phenomenon remain poorly known. As temperature is known to afect host–parasite associations, understanding its precise impact has become a major challenge in a context of global warming. Gammarids are ecologically important freshwater crustaceans and serve as intermediate hosts for several acanthocephalan species. These parasites induce multiple efects on gammarids, including alterations of their behavior, ultimately leading to modifcations in their functional role. Here, experimental infections were used to assess the efect of two temperatures on several traits of the association between Gammarus pulex and its acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. Elevated temperature afected hosts and parasites in multiple ways (decreased host survival, increased gammarids activity, faster parasites development and proboscis eversion). However, behavioral manipulation was unafected by temperature. These results suggest that predicted change in temperature may have little consequences on the trophic transmission of parasites through changes in manipulation, although it may modify it through increased infection success and faster parasites development. Abiotic conditions can strongly infuence interspecifc interactions and, ultimately, the dynamics of ecological communities. In direct connection with climate change, the understanding of such efect has become a major challenge in recent years1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Salinity Modulates Thermotolerance, Energy Metabolism and Stress Response in Amphipods Gammarus Lacustris
    Salinity modulates thermotolerance, energy metabolism and stress response in amphipods Gammarus lacustris Kseniya P. Vereshchagina1, Yulia A. Lubyaga1, Zhanna Shatilina1,2, Daria Bedulina1, Anton Gurkov1, Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov1,2, Boris Baduev1, Elizaveta S. Kondrateva1, Mikhail Gubanov3, Egor Zadereev3,4, Inna Sokolova5 and Maxim Timofeyev1 1 Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia 2 Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia 3 Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4 Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 5 Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany ABSTRACT Temperature and salinity are important abiotic factors for aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the influence of different salinity regimes on thermotolerance, energy metabolism and cellular stress defense mechanisms in amphipods Gammarus lacustris Sars from two populations. We exposed amphipods to different thermal scenarios and determined their survival as well as activity of major antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and parameters of energy metabolism (content of glucose, glycogen, ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate). Amphipods from a freshwater population were more sensitive to the thermal challenge, showing higher mortality during acute and gradual temperature change compared to their counterparts from a saline lake. A more thermotolerant population from a saline lake had high activity of antioxidant enzymes. The energy limitations of the freshwater population (indicated by low baseline glucose levels, downward shift of the critical temperature of aerobic metabolism and inability to maintain steady-state ATP levels during warming) was ob- Submitted 26 July 2016 served, possibly reflecting a trade-off between the energy demands for osmoregulation Accepted 5 October 2016 under the hypo-osmotic condition of a freshwater environment and protection against Published 17 November 2016 temperature stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Spring Amphipod Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus
    Natural Heritage Northern Spring Amphipod & Endangered Species Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Program State Status: Special Concern www.mass.gov/nhesp Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife DESCRIPTION: The Northern Spring Amphipod is a laterally compressed, many segmented, freshwater crustacean that looks like a small, flat shrimp. It is uniformly dark and mature specimens can reach lengths of 11 to 18 mm (Bousfield 1958, Bell 1971, Hynes and Harper 1972). Its head has two pairs of antennae and a pair of eyes, and is fused with the first of seven thoracic segments. Each thoracic segment, as well as the six abdominal segments, has a pair of legs and/or gills that aid in respiration and locomotion. Identification of amphipods is difficult because knowledge of specific 2 mm amphipod anatomy is required. male SIMILAR SPECIES: Amphipods in the genus Gammarus are similar to this species. Gammarus Smith, D.G. 1984. Selected freshwater invertebrates proposed for special concern status in Massachusetts, Part II. Mass. Dept. of Env. Qual. fasciatus is most similar in that it is uniformly colored, Engineering, Div. of Wat. Pollut. Control. Westborough, MA. although it is smaller and has conspicuous dark bands. Identification guides sufficiently illustrate the differences among these species (Smith 2000). RANGE: The range of the Northern Spring Amphipod extends throughout the previously glaciated regions of New York and the Great Lakes region. Three localities in southwestern Massachusetts and an isolated locality in the central Hudson River system in New York represent the currently known southeastern range limit of the species along the Atlantic seaboard. The Massachusetts populations appear to be the only populations in New England and are possibly glacial relict populations (D.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphipoda Key to Amphipoda Gammaridea
    GRBQ188-2777G-CH27[411-693].qxd 5/3/07 05:38 PM Page 545 Techbooks (PPG Quark) Dojiri, M., and J. Sieg, 1997. The Tanaidacea, pp. 181–278. In: J. A. Blake stranded medusae or salps. The Gammaridea (scuds, land- and P. H. Scott, Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa hoppers, and beachhoppers) (plate 254E) are the most abun- Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. 11. The Crustacea. dant and familiar amphipods. They occur in pelagic and Part 2 The Isopoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. benthic habitats of fresh, brackish, and marine waters, the Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and supralittoral fringe of the seashore, and in a few damp terres- adjacent regions. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 10: 155–274. trial habitats and are difficult to overlook. The wormlike, 2- Holdich, D. M., and J. A. Jones. 1983. Tanaids: keys and notes for the mm-long interstitial Ingofiellidea (plate 254D) has not been identification of the species. New York: Cambridge University Press. reported from the eastern Pacific, but they may slip through Howard, A. D. 1952. Molluscan shells occupied by tanaids. Nautilus 65: 74–75. standard sieves and their interstitial habitats are poorly sam- Lang, K. 1950. The genus Pancolus Richardson and some remarks on pled. Paratanais euelpis Barnard (Tanaidacea). Arkiv. for Zool. 1: 357–360. Lang, K. 1956. Neotanaidae nov. fam., with some remarks on the phy- logeny of the Tanaidacea. Arkiv. for Zool. 9: 469–475. Key to Amphipoda Lang, K.
    [Show full text]