The Roman Calendar the Roman Calendar

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The Roman Calendar The Roman Calendar The Julian Calendar: developed by Julius Caesar The Julian Calendar: developed by Julius Caesar 12 Months (given in Acc. Pl.): 12 Months (given in Acc. Pl.): Ianuarias Apriles Iulias Octobres Ianuarias Apriles Iulias Octobres Februarias Maias Augustos Novembres Februarias Maias Augustos Novembres Martias Iunias Septembres Decembres Martias Iunias Septembres Decembres Each month has: Each month has: KALENDAS - 1st of every month KALENDAS - 1st of every month NONAS - 5th (or 7th) NONAS - 5th (or 7th) IDŪS - 13th (or 15th) IDŪS - 13th (or 15th) *N.B. The months March, May, July, October use the 7th and 15th *N.B. The months March, May, July, October use the 7th and 15th Dates Dates To refer to a Kalends, Nones, or Ides, the date is ABLATIVE TIME WHEN: To refer to a Kalends, Nones, or Ides, the date is ABLATIVE TIME WHEN: ie. March 15th - Idibus Martiis ie. March 15th - Idibus Martiis December 1st - Kalendis Decembribus December 1st - Kalendis Decembribus To refer to the DAY BEFORE the Kal., Non., or Id., use the preposition To refer to the DAY BEFORE the Kal., Non., or Id., use the preposition PRIDIE: PRIDIE: ie. April 12th - pridie Idus Apriles ie. April 12th - pridie Idus Apriles August 4th - pridie Nonas Augustas August 4th - pridie Nonas Augustas To refer to ANY OTHER DATE, count backwards from the next Kal., Non., or To refer to ANY OTHER DATE, count backwards from the next Kal., Non., or Id. Use the preposition ANTE DIEM: Id. Use the preposition ANTE DIEM: ie. January 9th - ante diem V Idus Ianuarias ie. January 9th - ante diem V Idus Ianuarias November 29th - ante diem III Kalendas Decembres November 29th - ante diem III Kalendas Decembres May 2nd - ante diem VI Nonas Maias May 2nd - ante diem VI Nonas Maias *N.B. ALWAYS include the STARTING point and ENDING point *N.B. ALWAYS include the STARTING point and ENDING point Years Years 1. in reference the CONSULSHIP in an ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE 1. in reference the CONSULSHIP in an ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE ie. Pompeio Crasso consulibus - 70BC ie. Pompeio Crasso consulibus - 70BC 2. count from the FOUNDING of the city (Ab Urbe Condita) in 753BC 2. count from the FOUNDING of the city (Ab Urbe Condita) in 753BC ie. 509BC - CCXLV A.U.C. ie. 509BC - CCXLV A.U.C. 27BC - DCCXXVII A.U.C 27BC - DCCXXVII A.U.C 13AD - DCCLXVII A.U.C. 13AD - DCCLXVII A.U.C. *N.B. ALWAYS include the STARTING point and ENDING point *N.B. ALWAYS include the STARTING point and ENDING point .

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The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina Abstract The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar | 290 calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1. Introduction The reason why February has 28 days in the modern calendar is that Caesar did not want to interfere with festivals that honored the dead, some of which were Past Imperfect 15 (2009) | © | ISSN 1711-053X | eISSN 1718-4487 connected to the position of the Roman New Year. In the earliest calendars of the Roman Republic, the year began on March 1, because the consuls, after whom the year was named, began their years in office on the Ides of March.
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