Woodsense Spotlight on Elm the Once-Common Commercial Hardwood We Almost Lost

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Woodsense Spotlight on Elm the Once-Common Commercial Hardwood We Almost Lost WoodSense Spotlight on Elm The once-common commercial hardwood we almost lost By Pete Stephano Technical consultant: Larry Osborn Elm may not be as conspicuous Britain’s most prominent is and popular as are many of the English elm (Ulmus procera), Europe employed elm–even the “cabinet class” wood species in which is called Carpathian famed English long bow was modern-day furniture making elm in continental Europe. occasionally crafted of it when and woodworking. After all, No matter the individual elm bowyers lacked the preferred the three most common North species, the stock shares similar yew. Elm was even favored for American elms represent qualities, except that rock elm the keels of English sailing ships; only about three percent of all is harder and heavier. Flatsawn in fact, much American elm was commercially available domestic elm boards can sometimes exported for that very purpose. hardwoods. That’s mainly due exhibit a distinctive “W” or Surprisingly, elm resists decay to the fast-spreading Dutch bird-feather grain patterns. The when in constant contact with elm disease of the 1950s and wood has open, coarse grain water, so bored-out elm (along 1960s that devastated millions much like white ash that is with hemlock) logs ended up as of stately elms from the East most often interlocked, making below-ground city water pipes in Coast to the Midwest as well as in 18th-century Europe and America. Great Britain and Europe, nearly Although only moderately In the United States, elm’s early wiping out the species. Since strong,it somewhat elm bends difficult easily, to work. is shock usage included wagon wheels and that crisis, disease-resistant resistant, and can take abuse. hubs, barrel staves and hoops, elms have been botanically children’s wagons and sleds (it created and reintroduced History in woodworking won’t easily splinter), agricultural to American woodlands. Elm’s woodworking roots go implements, tool handles, The domestic elm species back thousands of years. The hockey sticks, boxes, and even represented as lumber in the baseball bats. In contemporary U.S. include American or gray elm occur in the Mycenaean applications, the wood’s ideal elm (Ulmus Americana), red Periodfirst written of early references Greece–lists to of for steam-bent chair parts as elm (Ulmus rubra) also known military equipment mention well as tabletops and cabinets. as slippery elm, and rock the wood’s use in chariot parts. elm (Ulmus thomasii). Great Centuries-old bows found in Where the wood comes from In North America, two of elm’s It’s a fact that… principal lumber species– Elm’s interlocked grain adds difficulty to machining, but to American and red–grow some users, it was a blessing. In early America, tough elm was from the Midwest to the East a favorite material for horse barn floors. The grain showed Coast and southern Canada to impressive resistance to the wear of horses’ hooves! northern Florida. The smaller rock elm has a range roughly 70 woodcraftmagazine.com June/July 2013 Flatsawn red elm Quartersawn red elm limited to the northern parts of the Great Lakes states. dealers in the range carry gray or English elm grows throughout red elm lumber so be sure to call Great Britain and the temperate around before wasting gas. Don’t grading because neither affects regions of the continent. Some the wood’s performance. elm species also grow in Asia and and small urban lumberyards. When selecting boards, Australia. Due to precautions expectPaperbacked, to find it atrotary-cut big box stores elm be discriminate concerning against the transmittal of Dutch veneer, both American and red, quality. Improperly stored elm is available by the square foot during seasoning may show English elm burl veneer being warp and/or twist that may soldelm disease,in the U.S., you’ll and only it’s expensive.find 10 millimeter thickness. Thicker result in working problems and veneer(about $5)(22 ormil.) 4× 8'costs sheet more ($170) as in waste. After purchasing elm What you’ll pay boards be sure to store them The National Hardwood Lumber cut. Scarce Carpathian elm burl in stickered fashion off the Association (NHLA) grades for all does flat sliced and quarter elm except rock elm are somewhat sheet in 10 mil. thickness. weights atop the stack. complicated, but you can expect veneerFinally, may while top $500English per and 4×8' floor with evenly distributed Asian elm is made into plywood and sold in Europe and Asia, Elm Quick Take to Commonfind lumber grades graded (the from lowest). FAS Cost Moderate (firstFor and rock seconds, elm, NHLA the gradeshighest) and sold in the United States. Weight About 25% lighter are similar to those for hickory you’ll not find elm plywood made than red oak and pecan in that they allow for How to select Hardness 50% soft er than narrower 4"- and 5"-wide boards the best stock sugar maple compared to the minimum Elm varies slightly in color from 6"-wide boards in the best grades. species to species. American Stability Moderate A 4/4 (one inch thickness) board and rock elm have a grayer cast Durability Moderate of FAS elm will cost between to their natural tan heartwood Strength Moderate (but bends color while red displays a easily) many sellers not differentiating warmer orange-red color. The Toxicity None between$4 and $5 red per and board American foot, with elm. sapwood of all three is a very Tool Type Hand and The much heavier and harder rock light tan. American and rock elm power tools elm, though, is usually sold apart lumber can show some staining, from the other elms and can cost which detracts from appearance. Common Cabinets, steam-bent a bit more. You may only be able And all elm boards can have Uses seati ng, tabletops, tiny bird pecks and pin knots, tool handles, some where it grows. Only some local both of which are allowed in small projects. to find rock elm lumber close to Photos: Larry Hamel-Lambert; Illustrati on: Steve Sanford June/July 2013 woodcraftmagazine.com 71 WoodSense Working elm in the shop sands easily. Using progressively Deciding on American and red elm species lighter grits will enhance its the right fi nish rank half as hard as sugar maple, natural luster. Finally, elm’s Due to its open, coarse grain and rock elm nearly as hard. interlocked grain means taking (think red oak and white ash), a This hardness translates to a little more time and care using power tools with sharp when carving or turning it. the pores. But other than that, blades and cutters. Because theglasslike wood top takes finish all dyes, requires stains, filling elm contains interlocked grain, The fl atsawn American (gray) elm shown I it makes splitting the wood here displays the bird’s wing patt ern. and finishes equally well. poses no problem. On the other hand,difficult. shaping Ripping, with however, a router, jointing, and planing can prove challenging. Limit tear-out or chipping by making very light passes and using backers when cutting across the grain. While pre-drilling pilot holes for screws is necessary, you’ll discover that elm bonds well with all adhesives. The wood also 72 woodcraftmagazine.com June/July 2013 SUBSCRIBE! 2 YEARS for $29.99! go to woodcraftmagazine.com and click SUBSCRIBE -or- Complete the form below and mail in an envelope addressed to: WOODCRAFT MAGAZINE PO BOX 7020 PARKERSBURG WV 26102-9916 □ Payment Enclosed □ Bill Me Name Address City State Zip Country E-mail Best-ever DECORATIVE FINISHES Build Better Send in now to get LUMBER RACK Done Right with a CUT LIST Projects, Techniques and Products Build this 2 Years for $29.99! classic SPICE BOX And learn how to… Dovetail a case Divide a cabinet into compartments or go to woodcraftmagazine.com and click SUBSCRIBE Create a cornice By providing my e-mail address, I am indicating I’d like to receive information about my subscription and other offers from Woodcraft Magazine via e-mail. Outside of the U.S and Canada add $30 for postage. Plus… Foreign orders must be prepaid. Payment in U.S. Funds only. 4 more projects Famous furniture.
Recommended publications
  • Stegophora Ulmea
    EuropeanBlackwell Publishing, Ltd. and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Data sheets on quarantine pests Fiches informatives sur les organismes de quarantaine Stegophora ulmea widespread from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean. Sydow Identity (1936) reported a foliar disease of Ulmus davidiana caused by Name: Stegophora ulmea (Fries) Sydow & Sydow Stegophora aemula in China stating that the pathogen differs Synonyms: Gnomonia ulmea (Fries) Thümen, Sphaeria ulmea from ‘the closely related Gnomonia ulmea’ by the ‘mode of Fries, Dothidella ulmea (Fries) Ellis & Everhart, Lambro ulmea growth’ on elm. Since, 1999, S. ulmea has repeatedly been (Fries) E. Müller detected in consignments of bonsais from China, in UK and the Taxonomic position: Fungi: Ascomycetes: Diaporthales Netherlands, suggesting that the pathogen probably occurs in Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: the anamorph is of China. In Europe, there is a doubtful record of ‘G. ulmicolum’ acervular type, containing both macroconidia, of ‘Gloeosporium’ on leaves and fruits of elm in Romania (Georgescu & Petrescu, type, and microconidia, of ‘Cylindrosporella’ type. Various cited by Peace (1962)), which has not been confirmed since. In anamorph names in different form-genera have been the Netherlands, S. ulmea was introduced into a glasshouse in used (‘Gloeosporium’ ulmeum ‘Gloeosporium’ ulmicolum, 2000, on ornamental bonsais, but was successfully eradicated Cylindrosporella ulmea, Asteroma ulmeum),
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2: Plant Lists
    Appendix 2: Plant Lists Master List and Section Lists Mahlon Dickerson Reservation Botanical Survey and Stewardship Assessment Wild Ridge Plants, LLC 2015 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Acalypha rhomboidea Native 1 Forb 9 Acer palmatum Invasive 0 Tree 1 Acer pensylvanicum Native 7 Tree 2 Acer platanoides Invasive 0 Tree 4 Acer rubrum Native 3 Tree 27 Acer saccharum Native 5 Tree 24 Achillea millefolium Native 0 Forb 18 Acorus calamus Alien 0 Forb 1 Actaea pachypoda Native 5 Forb 10 Adiantum pedatum Native 7 Fern 7 Ageratina altissima v. altissima Native 3 Forb 23 Agrimonia gryposepala Native 4 Forb 4 Agrostis canina Alien 0 Graminoid 2 Agrostis gigantea Alien 0 Graminoid 8 Agrostis hyemalis Native 2 Graminoid 3 Agrostis perennans Native 5 Graminoid 18 Agrostis stolonifera Invasive 0 Graminoid 3 Ailanthus altissima Invasive 0 Tree 8 Ajuga reptans Invasive 0 Forb 3 Alisma subcordatum Native 3 Forb 3 Alliaria petiolata Invasive 0 Forb 17 Allium tricoccum Native 8 Forb 3 Allium vineale Alien 0 Forb 2 Alnus incana ssp rugosa Native 6 Shrub 5 Alnus serrulata Native 4 Shrub 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Native 0 Forb 14 Amelanchier arborea Native 7 Tree 26 Amphicarpaea bracteata Native 4 Vine, herbaceous 18 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Anagallis arvensis Alien 0 Forb 4 Anaphalis margaritacea Native 2 Forb 3 Andropogon gerardii Native 4 Graminoid 1 Andropogon virginicus Native 2 Graminoid 1 Anemone americana Native 9 Forb 6 Anemone quinquefolia Native 7 Forb 13 Anemone virginiana Native 4 Forb 5 Antennaria neglecta Native 2 Forb 2 Antennaria neodioica ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Intervascular Pit Membranes with a Torus Was Investigated in Steven Jansen Juvenile Wood Samples of 19 Species of Ulmus and Seven Related Genera
    Research IntervascularBlackwell Publishing, Ltd. pit membranes with a torus in the wood of Ulmus (Ulmaceae) and related genera Steven Jansen1, Brendan Choat2, Stefan Vinckier1, Frederic Lens1, Peter Schols1 and Erik Smets1 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K.U.Leuven, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; 2Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Summary Author for correspondence: • The distribution of intervascular pit membranes with a torus was investigated in Steven Jansen juvenile wood samples of 19 species of Ulmus and seven related genera. Tel: +32 16 321539 •A staining solution of safranin and alcian blue (35 : 65) was recommended to Fax: +32 16 321968 Email: [email protected] distinguish torus-bearing pit membranes using light microscopy. • Intervascular pit membranes connecting relatively wide vessel elements resembled Received: 19 January 2004 those of most angiosperms, as they were of uniform thickness. By contrast, bordered Accepted: 15 March 2004 pit pairs with round to oval pit apertures and indistinct pit canals that connected doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01097.x narrow (incomplete) vessel elements or vascular tracheids with distinct helical thick- enings were frequently characterized by a torus in ring-porous wood samples of Ulmus and Zelkova. Tori were lacking in diffuse-porous species of Ampelocera, Aphananthe, Gironniera, Holoptelea, Phyllostylon, Trema and Ulmus. • Our observations suggest that tori are more common in cold temperate climates than in warm (sub)tropical environments. This may indicate that narrow tracheary elements with torus-bearing pit membranes provide an auxiliary conducting system which is of low conductivity, but offers greater resistance to freezing-induced cavitation.
    [Show full text]
  • AHP-Slippery
    American Herbal Pharmacopoeia ® and herapeutic Compendium Slippery Elm Inner Bark Ulmus rubra Muhl. Standards of Analysis, Quality Control, and Therapeutics Editor Roy Upton RH DAyu Associate Editor Pavel Axentiev MS Research Associate Diana Swisher MA Authors Elan Sudberg Linda Haugen Final Reviewers Alkemists Laboratories Forest Health Protection, State and Costa Mesa, CA Private Forestry Karen Clarke History ® US Forest Service THAYERS Natural Remedies Josef Brinckmann Valeria Widmer Westport, CT CAMAG St. Paul, MN Traditional Medicinals Aviva Romm MD CPM RH (AHG) Sebastopol, CA Muttenz, Switzerland Allen Lockard American Botanicals American Herbalists Guild Roy Upton RH DAyu Therapeutics and Safety Eolia, MO Cheshire, CT ® American Herbal Pharmacopoeia James Snow RH (AHG) Scotts Valley, CA Francis Brinker ND Barry Meltzer Eclectic Institute, Inc. San Francisco Herbs & Natural Herbal Medicine Program Tai Sophia Institute Botanical Identification Program in Integrative Medicine Foods Co. University of Arizona Fremont, CA Laurel, MD Wendy Applequist PhD Tucson, AZ Andrew Weil MD Missouri Botanical Gardens Malcolm O’Neill Traditional Indications Complex Carbohydrate Research University of Arizona St. Louis, MO Tucson, AZ Roy Upton RH DAyu Center Macroscopic Identification American Herbal Pharmacopoeia University of Georgia Athens, GA Lynette Casper BA Scotts Valley, CA Planetary Herbals Art Presser PharmD Scotts Valley, CA International Status Huntington College of Health Josef Brinckmann Sciences Microscopic Identification Traditional
    [Show full text]
  • City of Carrollton Summary of the Tree Preservation Ordinance (Ordinance 2520, As Amended by Ordinance 2622)
    City of Carrollton Summary of the Tree Preservation Ordinance (Ordinance 2520, as amended by Ordinance 2622) A. Application & Exemptions 1. Ordinance applies to all vacant, unplatted or undeveloped property; property to be re- platted or redeveloped, and; public property, whether developed or not. 2. Ordinance does not apply to individual single-family or duplex residential lots after initial development/subdivision, provided that the use of the lot remains single-family or duplex residential. 3. Ordinance does not apply to Section 404 Permits issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 4. Routine pruning and maintenance is permitted, provided that it does not damage the health and beauty of the protected tree. B. Protected Trees 1. Only those kinds of trees listed on the Approved Plant List which are 4" in diameter or greater are protected. C. Preservation & Replacement 1. A plan to preserve or replace protected trees must be approved by the City before development or construction, or the removal of any protected tree. The plan must be followed. If no protected trees are present, a letter to that effect, signed by a surveyor, engineer, architect or landscape architect must be submitted to the City. 2. Protected trees to be removed must be replaced. Replacement trees must be chosen from the Approved Plant List, and be of a certain minimum size. Where 12 or more are to be replaced, no more than 34% of the replacement trees may be of the same kind. Replacement trees may be planted off-site, or a fee may be paid to the City instead of replacement, if there is/are no suitable location(s) on the subject property.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotlight on Elm Pick Your Favorite fl Avor for Your Next Project by Joe Hurst-Wajszczuk
    WoodSense Spotlight on Elm Pick your favorite fl avor for your next project By Joe Hurst-Wajszczuk Red Elm White Elm A century ago, Dutch Elm creamy white to darker brown Disease (DED) decimated (the darker heartwood can millions of elm trees, many special applications: First, red be easily confused with red). of which adorned American elm’s split-resistant interlocking White elm may show some city streets. (Fun fact: “Elm” grain made it a prized wood staining, but this does not affect is the 15th most common for hoof-resistant barn �loor the wood’s integrity. Red elm street name in the USA.) The underplanks. normal Secondly, conditions, although elm the remains in the darker red- encouraging news is that these wood is susceptible to decay fast-growing trees are enjoying contact with water. This unusual a comeback. Elm lumber still resists rot when kept in constant brown spectrum and does not isn’t as readily available as display a major color difference other domestic hardwoods, af�inity made it a natural choice mindfulbetween ofsap the and grain. heartwoods. The wild days,for barrels, elm is shipbest keels,reserved and for even Color is important, but be tricky, but it’s worth the hunt. below-ground water pipes. These so This�inding striking a supplier hardwood can be duepatterns to alternating of �latsawn grain) boards are is affordable and easy to smaller projects, primarily due enchanting,(often with ribbon-like but elm’s working �igure Whereto its poor the dimensional wood comes stability. from Elms grow east of the Rockies, arework.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 4: Flora Known to Occur on Fort Drum
    Appendix 4: Flora Known to Occur on Fort Drum LIST OF FLORA KNOWN TO OCCUR ON FORT DRUM as of January 2017. An asterisk indicates an introduced species. Plants recognized as rare by the NY Natural Heritage are given rarity rankings after common name if appropriate. (State Rank includes: S1 = 5 or fewer sites in NYS; S2 = 6-20 sites; S3 = 21-35 sites; SH = historical record only; SX = apparently extirpated. Global Rank includes: G1 = 5 or fewer sites throughout its range; G2 = 6-20 sites; G3 = 21-100 sites or a restricted range; G4 = apparently secure throughout its range but possibly rare in parts; G5 = demonstrably secure but possibly rare in parts; T? = status of the species unknown.) FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Woodsia ilvensis Woodsia, Rusty Adiantum pedatum Fern, Maidenhair Woodwardia virginica Chain Fern, Virginia Asplenium platyneuron Spleenwort, Ebony Asplenium rhizophyllum Fern, Walking GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES (GRAMINOIDS) Asplenium trichomanes Spleenwort, Maidenhair *Agrostis capillaris Bent, Colonial Athyrium angustum Fern, Lady *Agrostis gigantea Redtop; Black bent Botrychium dissectum Grape fern, Cut-leaved Agrostis perennans Bent, Autumn or Upland Botrychium lanceolatum Grape fern, Lance-leaf Agrostis scabra Bentgrass; Hairgrass Botrychium multifidum Grape fern, Leathery Agrostis stolonifera Bent, Creeping or Carpet Botrychium simplex Moonwort, Least Alopecurus aequalis Foxtail, Short-awn Botrypus virginianus Fern, Rattlesnake Ammophila breviligulata Beachgrass Cystopteris bulbifera Fern, Bulblet Bladder Andropogon gerardii
    [Show full text]
  • Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch Elm Disease
    Evira Research Reports 1/2016 Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Evira Research Reports 1/2016 Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Authors Salla Hannunen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Mariela Marinova-Todorova, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Project group Salla Hannunen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Mariela Marinova-Todorova, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Minna Terho, City of Helsinki Anne Uimari, Natural Resources Institute Finland Special thanks J.A. (Jelle) Hiemstra, Wageningen UR Tytti Kontula, Finnish Environment Institute Åke Lindelöw, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Michail Yu Mandelshtam, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University Alberto Santini, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Italy Juha Siitonen, Natural Resources Institute Finland Halvor Solheim, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Joan Webber, Forest Research, UK Cover pictures: Audrius Menkis DESCRIPTION Publisher Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Title Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Authors Salla Hannunen, Mariela Marinova-Todorova Abstract Dutch elm disease (DED) is a fungal disease that causes high mortality of elms. DED and its vector beetles are widely present in most of the countries in the Northern Hemisphere, but they are not known to be present in Finland. DED is a major risk to plant health in Finland. DED and its vectors are moderately likely to enter Finland by natural spread aided by hitchhiking, because they are present in areas close to Finland. Entry via other pathways is much less likely, mainly due to the low volume of trade of untreated wood and plants for planting. DED and its vectors could likely establish in the southern parts of the country, since they currently occur in similar climatic conditions in other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Department Planting Guide
    CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT PLANTING GUIDE Page Planting Plan Requirements ----------------------------------------------- 2 CT Invasive Plant List Potentially Invasive Species ----------------------------------------------- 3-9 & Possible Native Substitutes Wetland Plant Suggestions: Less ----------------------------------------- 10-12 Subject to Deer Browse Salt Tolerant Plantings ----------------------------------------------------- 13 Native Plants ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14-18 Nurseries & ------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-20 Leaf Mulch Providers Buffer Plantings -------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Raingardens ------------------------------------------------------------------- 22-23 The Connecticut Butterfly Association ---------------------------------- 24 Planting Guide Xerces Society Pollinator Planting --------------------------------------- 25 Guide: Northeast Region References -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Prepared by: Westport Conservation Department Staff Revised: June 2019 Planting Plan Requirements All planting plans prepared for the Conservation Department are to show the following information. Survey of property. Maximum scale is 1”= 20’-0”. Smaller scale, 1”=10’-0” is also acceptable. Designer of the plan, address and phone number Address of property and property owner name Scale of drawing Date of drawing Title of drawing North arrow Adjoining streets Wetland limits
    [Show full text]
  • ELMS for NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson, NSA 2011
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS ELMS FOR NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson, NSA 2011. For more plant information, visit arboretum.unl.edu or retreenbraska.unl.edu. Elms are majestic trees with a tall, arching habit that makes them useful for providing shade along streets, parks, and backyards. Elms are also relatively tolerant of poor soils and extreme weather. While Dutch elm disease has eliminated much of the old elm population in Nebraska, many new hybrids and cultivars show promising resistance and are making the elm o.k. to plant again. Elm Species 1. American Elm - Ulmus americana: disease resistant varieties include ‘Princeton’, ‘Jefferson’, ‘Valley Forge’ and ‘New Harmony’; 50-70’x50-70’. Note that ‘Valley Forge’ has poor branch angles and shows a tendency to break apart in wind storms. 2. Japanese Elm - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (very cold tolerant; rounded habit; glossy green; 45’x 45’) 3. Lacebark Elm - Ulmus parvifolia (distinctive mottled bark; small glossy leaves; 35’x 25’) 4. Rock Elm - Ulmus thomasii (distinctive corky stems; upright habit; DED resistance in west; 50-60’x 30-40’) Elm Hybrids and Cultivars 5. ‘Accolade’ - looks like American elm; Morton Arboretum hybrid of U. japonica and U. wilsoniana; 50’x 40’. 6. ‘Cathedral’ - tough and adaptable; developed in Wisconsin; U. pumila x U. japonica; 40-50’x 40-50’. 7. ‘Discovery’ is a promising U. davidiana cultivar selected from Manitoba Canada; 45-50’x40-45’. 8. ‘Emerald Sunshine’ is a cultivar of Ulmus propinqua known for clean habit and yellow fall color; 30-40’. 9. ‘Frontier’ - smaller, glossy leaves; lacy bark pattern; purple fall color; U.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B Existing Vegetation Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie Final Environmental Impact Statement
    Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie Final Environmental Impact Statement APPENDIX B EXISTING VEGETATION CONTENTS 1. Terrestrial Natural Communities (Native Vegetation) .........................B-1 1.1. Floodplain Forests.................................................................................B-1 1.2. Upland Forests......................................................................................B-2 1.3. Woodlands............................................................................................B-2 1.4. Savannas ..............................................................................................B-2 1.1. Seeps....................................................................................................B-3 1.1. Marshes ................................................................................................B-3 1.1. Sedge meadow .....................................................................................B-3 1.1. Typic Prairie ..........................................................................................B-4 1.9. Dolomite Prairie.....................................................................................B-5 2. Cultural and Successional Communities.............................................B-6 2.1. Developed and intensively managed lands...........................................B-6 2.2. Croplands..............................................................................................B-6 2.3. Agricultural Grasslands .........................................................................B-6
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Tree Species Fact Sheet
    Maine Tree Species Fact Sheet Common Name: Slippery Elm (Red Elm) Botanical Name: Ulmus rubra Tree Type: Deciduous Physical Description: Growth Habit: Slippery elm is a medium-sized tree of moderately fast growth that may live to be 200 hundred years old. It grows best on moist, rich soils of lower slopes and flood plains. The bark is thick; dark brown tinged with red, divided by shallow fissures into flat ridges and covered with flat scales. The inner bark is sticky when chewed. The twigs are light gray in color, http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/FORESTRY/commontr/images/SlipperyElm.gif hairy, and somewhat rough. The alternate, simple, elliptical and long-pointed leaves have doubly serrate margins and are 5-7 inches long. They are thick, rough, and dark green in color. The undersides of the leaves are paler with white hairs and have a prominent midrib and parallel veins. Height: Slippery elm grows to a height of 50 feet and has an average trunk diameter of 2 feet. Shape: Slippery elm is an open-branched tree. Fruit/Seed Description/Dispersal Methods: Slippery elm has inconspicuous, perfect flowers that appear in the spring before the leaves. The seeds are small, flattened and winged. They ripen from April to June and are dispersed by the wind as soon as they are ripe. Range within Maine: Slippery elm is extremely rare in the state. It does however; occur naturally in scattered locations in York and Franklin Counties. This species is hardy to Zone 3. Distinguishing Features: The inner bark and twigs are chewy.
    [Show full text]