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Political Economy, Media, and Climate Change: Sinews of Modern Life Maxwell T
Advanced Review Political economy, media, and climate change: sinews of modern life Maxwell T. Boykoff1∗ and Tom Yulsman2 In this 21st century, examining how climate change is described and considered, largely through mass media, is as important as formal climate governance to the long-term success or failure of efforts to confront the challenge. Mass media stitch together formal science and policy with the public sphere. And many dynamic, contested factors contribute to how media outlets portray climate change. This paper addresses contemporary political economics—from greater workloads and reductions in specialist science journalism to digital innovations and new media organizational forms—as they relate to media coverage of climate change. By way of recent studies and indications of these dynamics, we appraise how power flows through culture, politics, and society, to construct coverage, public discourses, and knowledge on climate change. In so doing, we explore how media representations of climate change have changed over time, and particularly how the rise of digital media has reshaped climate coverage. Considerations of climate change, arguably the most heavily politicized scientific issue at the turn of the new millennium, seek to inform and anticipate corollary science issues, such as ongoing concerns for genetically modified organisms, nanotechnology risks, and increased threats to water quantity and quality. The focus on political economy—the ‘sinews’ of modern life—can also then help to inform perceptions and decision making in associated environmental challenges. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. How to cite this article: WIREs Clim Change 2013. doi: 10.1002/wcc.233 INTRODUCTION and livelihoods—depend directly on our exploitation of carbon-based fuels.2 New York Times journalist John Broder3 wrote that these issues are ‘the sinews The world is going one way, people are going another of modern life’. -
Swanson and Tsonis
This is the print version of the Skeptical Science article 'It's internal variability', which can be found at http://sks.to/variable. What The Science Says: Internal variability can only account for ~0.3°C change in average global surface air temperature at most over periods of several decades, and scientific studies have consistently shown that it cannot account for more than a small fraction of the global warming over the past century. Climate Myth: It's internal variability When you look at the possibility of natural unforced variability, you see that can cause excursions that we've seen recently (Dr. John Christy) A favorite argument among climate scientist "skeptics" like Christy, Spencer, and Lindzen is that "internal variability" can account for much or all of the global warming we've observed over the past century. As we will see here, natural variability cannot account for the large and rapid warming we've observed over the past century, and particularly the past 40 years. Swanson and Tsonis One of the most widely-circulated papers on the impact of natural variability on global temperatures is Swanson et al. (2009) which John has previously discussed. Although Swanson 2009 was widely discussed throughout the blogosphere and mainstream media, the widespread beliefs that the study attributed global warming to natural variability and/or predicted global cooling were based on misunderstandings of the paper, as Dr. Swanson noted: "What do our results have to do with Global Warming, i.e., the century-scale response to greenhouse gas emissions? VERY LITTLE, contrary to claims that others have made on our behalf. -
The Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming Matters
BSTXXX10.1177/0270467617707079Bulletin of Science, Technology & SocietyPowell 707079research-article2017 Article Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 2016, Vol. 36(3) 157 –163 The Consensus on Anthropogenic © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Global Warming Matters DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467617707079 10.1177/0270467617707079 journals.sagepub.com/home/bst James Lawrence Powell1 Abstract Skuce et al., responding to Powell, title their article, “Does It Matter if the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming Is 97% or 99.99%?” I argue that the extent of the consensus does matter, most of all because scholars have shown that the stronger the public believe the consensus to be, the more they support the action on global warming that human society so desperately needs. Moreover, anyone who knows that scientists once thought that the continents are fixed in place, or that the craters of the Moon are volcanic, or that the Earth cannot be more than 100 million years old, understands that a small minority has sometimes turned out to be right. But it is hard to think of a case in the modern era in which scientists have been virtually unanimous and wrong. Moreover, as I show, the consensus among publishing scientists is demonstrably not 97%. Instead, five surveys of the peer-reviewed literature from 1991 to 2015 combine to 54,195 articles with an average consensus of 99.94%. Keywords global warming, climate change, consensus, peer review, history of science Introduction Consensus Skuce et al. (2016, henceforth S16), responding to Powell What does consensus in science mean and how can it best be (2016), ask, “Does it matter if the consensus on anthropo- measured? The Oxford English Dictionary (2016) defines genic global warming is 97% or 99.99%?” consensus as “Agreement in opinion; the collective unani- Of course it matters. -
Fos Extracts - 2011
FoS Extracts - 2011 Contents 2011-11-30 .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Climategate 2.0: New Emails Rock the Global Warming Debate .......................................................... 10 Ross McKitrick: Fix the IPCC or Fold It ................................................................................................ 10 Climate Summit Opens in Durban .......................................................................................................... 10 Canadian Environment Minister Rejects “Guilt Payment” to Poorer Countries .................................... 11 Peter Foster: The Moral Climate ............................................................................................................. 11 UAH Global Temperature Update for October 2011: +0.11°C .............................................................. 11 2011-11-05 .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Obama’s Green Obsession: The Democrats’ Blue Collar Blues ............................................................ 11 Another Government-picked Power Company Buried in the Green Graveyard .................................... 12 Australian Archbishop: Carbon Credits Like Medieval Indulgences ..................................................... 12 Scientist Who Said Climate Skeptics Had Been Proved Wrong Accused of Hiding -
A Prediction Market for Climate Outcomes
Florida State University College of Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Publications 2011 A Prediction Market for Climate Outcomes Shi-Ling Hsu Florida State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles Part of the Environmental Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Mineral Law Commons Recommended Citation Shi-Ling Hsu, A Prediction Market for Climate Outcomes, 83 U. COLO. L. REV. 179 (2011), Available at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles/497 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PREDICTION MARKET FOR CLIMATE OUTCOMES * SHI-LING HSU This Article proposes a way of introducing some organization and tractability in climate science, generating more widely credible evaluations of climate science, and imposing some discipline on the processing and interpretation of climate information. I propose a two-part policy instrument consisting of (1) a carbon tax that is indexed to a “basket” of climate outcomes, and (2) a cap-and- trade system of emissions permits that can be redeemed in the future in lieu of paying the carbon tax. The amount of the carbon tax in this proposal (per ton of CO2) would be set each year on the basis of some objective, non-manipulable climate indices, such as temperature and mean sea level, and also on the number of certain climate events, such as flood events or droughts, that occurred in the previous year (or some moving average of previous years). -
Volume 3: Process Issues Raised by Petitioners
EPA’s Response to the Petitions to Reconsider the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act Volume 3: Process Issues Raised by Petitioners U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Atmospheric Programs Climate Change Division Washington, D.C. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3.0 Process Issues Raised by Petitioners............................................................................................5 3.1 Approaches and Processes Used to Develop the Scientific Support for the Findings............................................................................................................................5 3.1.1 Overview..............................................................................................................5 3.1.2 Issues Regarding Consideration of the CRU E-mails..........................................6 3.1.3 Assessment of Issues Raised in Public Comments and Re-Raised in Petitions for Reconsideration...............................................................................7 3.1.4 Summary............................................................................................................19 3.2 Response to Claims That the Assessments by the USGCRP and NRC Are Not Separate and Independent Assessments.........................................................................20 3.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................20 3.2.2 EPA’s Response to Petitioners’ -
History 104 001 Wn 2017 8/7/17, 15 57
HISTORY 104 001 WN 2017 8/7/17, 1557 HISTORY 104 001 WN 2017 Jump to Today ! Edit History 104: History, Science, & Poli!cs in the Anthropocene MW 1-2:30 pm, 1436 Mason Hall The Anthropocene: a new age, in which humans have become a geological force. Its signs are everywhere: warming climate, toxins in food chains, desolate landscapes left by resource extraction. But when did this age begin? The dawn of agriculture? The industrial revolution? The advent of nuclear weapons and the invention of plastic? And how did it unfold? This course offers a historical field guide to the Anthropocene, its planetary transformations, and the raging debates about its origins and manifestations. Learning objec!ves Students will emerge better equipped to understand a variety of historical and contemporary issues surrounding climate change, energy futures, and the politics of science and technology. They will also develop the following skills: Taking a “long view” and applying it to critical thinking about current events Understanding path dependence in problems of energy and environment Critiquing historical writing Making persuasive arguments, both orally and in writing Analytic and synthetic reasoning Thinking about the future “outside the box” Your work Reading: You will be assigned an average of 70-100 pages of reading a week -- sometimes more, sometimes less. Some sessions will also include videos for you to watch in advance of class. In general, our expectation is that you spend 4-6 hours every week on class preparation. You are expected to do all the assigned reading and video watching before each class. -
Some Basic Questions About Climate Models David B
Professional paper Some basic questions about climate models David B. South, Peter Brown and Bill Dyck1 ome foresters are concerned about increasing CO2 models? If not, why not? levels in the atmosphere while others doubt that CO2 Shas been the main driver of climate change over the --------------------- past million years or over the past two centuries (Brown et al. 2008). We three admit that (1) we do not know what the IPCC figure TS.26 includes computer projections future climate will be in the year 2100, (2) we do not pretend of four CO2 emission scenarios for the years 2000 to to know the strength of individual feedback factors, (3) 2025 (IPCC 2007a). Figure 1 is an updated version with extra data points. The mean of the projections for global we do not know how much 600 ppm of CO2 will warm the Earth and (4) we do not know how the climate will affect temperatures are jagged, suggesting that for some years the the price of pine sawlogs in the year 2050 (in either relative temperature is predicted to increase (e.g. 2007) while in or absolute terms). The climate is not a simple system and others the temperature is predicted to decline slightly (e.g. therefore we believe it is important to ask questions. The 2008). However, observed data for 2006, 2007 and 2008 following 15 questions deal mainly with global climate all fall below the projections. Although several models models (GCM). suggest the temperature for 2008 should be about 0.59 °C above the 1961-1990 mean, the value in 2008 was 0.328°C (are all three digits past the decimal point significant?). -
Lindzen and Choi, 2009) Was Subject to Significant Criticisms
Asia-Pacific J. Atmos. Sci., 47(4), 377-390, 2011 DOI:10.1007/s13143-011-0023-x On the Observational Determination of Climate Sensitivity and Its Implications Richard S. Lindzen1 and Yong-Sang Choi2 1Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U. S. A. 2Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (Manuscript received 23 February 2011; revised 22 May 2011; accepted 22 May 2011) © The Korean Meteorological Society and Springer 2011 Abstract: We estimate climate sensitivity from observations, using absorbent in the infrared (greenhouse gases) interfere with the the deseasonalized fluctuations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) cooling of the planet, forcing it to become warmer in order to and the concurrent fluctuations in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) emit sufficient infrared radiation to balance the net incoming outgoing radiation from the ERBE (1985-1999) and CERES (2000- sunlight (Lindzen, 1999). By net incoming sunlight, we mean that 2008) satellite instruments. Distinct periods of warming and cooling in the SSTs were used to evaluate feedbacks. An earlier study portion of the sun’s radiation that is not reflected back to space by (Lindzen and Choi, 2009) was subject to significant criticisms. The clouds, aerosols and the earth’s surface. CO2, a relatively minor present paper is an expansion of the earlier paper where the various greenhouse gas, has increased significantly since the beginning of criticisms are taken into account. The present analysis accounts for the industrial age from about 280 ppmv to about 390 ppmv, the 72 day precession period for the ERBE satellite in a more presumably due mostly to man’s emissions. -
Chapter 1 NOTES
NOTES Chapter 1 1. Emphasis added, quoted from An Inconvenient Truth: A Global Warning, di- rected by David Guggenheim and released by Paramount Classics in 2006. This film was an official selection of the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival, and won the Academy Award in 2007 for Best Documentary. The printed companion is Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It (New York: Rodale, 2006). Al Gore shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for his leadership on global warming. 2. Bjorn Lomborg, e.g., emphasized the differences between Gore and the IPCC in “Ignore Gore—But Not His Nobel Friends,” The Sunday Telegraph (London) (11 November 2007), 24. On the scientific consensus in the United States, see Jane A. Leggett, Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications, CRS Report for Congress RL33849 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Updated 2 May 2007). On the scientific consensus in the international community, see the widely publi- cized assessments of the IPCC that are introduced below and summarized in later chapters. 3. The Framework Convention and related sources can be accessed at the Gate- way to the UN System’s Work on Climate Change, http://www.un.org/climatechange/ projects.shtml. 317 4. See the UNFCCC’s background information on the Kyoto Protocol, accessed 5 September 2007, at http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/background/items/3145.php. See also Susan R. Fletcher and Larry Parker, Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions, CRS Report for Congress RL 33836 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Updated 8 June 2007). -
Thermometers Or Satellites?
This is the print version of the Skeptical Science article 'Satellite record is more reliable than thermometers', which can be found at satellite. Which is a more reliable measure of global temperature: thermometers or satellites? What The Science Says: Satellites don't measure temperatures, and the uncertainty in the trend is five times as large as that in the global surface temperature record. Climate Myth: Satellite record is more reliable than thermometers "The satellite data are the best data we have." Ted Cruz Satellites don't measure temperature. As Carl Mears of the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) satellite dataset and Ben Santer wrote, they are not thermometers in space. The satellite [temperature] data ... were obtained from so-called Microwave Sounding Units (MSUs), which measure the microwave emissions of oxygen molecules from broad atmospheric layers. Converting this information to estimates of temperature trends has substantial uncertainties. Scientists process the MSU data, applying a model to make numerous adjustments, in order to come up with a synthetic estimate of the atmospheric temperature. As Andrew Dessler describes in the video below by Peter Sinclair, MSUs and advanced MSUs (AMSUs) measure voltages on detectors, which themselves are detecting microwave signals emitted by oxygen molecules in the Earth's atmosphere that change proportionally to temperature changes. To translate these microwave detections into estimates of the temperature of various layers of the Earth's atmosphere requires a model and a lot of data processing and adjustments. Page 1 of 9 from the intermediate version of Satellite record is more reliable than thermometers Satellite Temperature Record Challenges Converting those MSU microwave detections into a reliable long-term synthetic atmospheric temperature record is a challenging proposition, made all the more difficult by a number of confounding factors. -
2014 Brochure
iSEE Congress 2014 iSEE Congress 2014 The Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment presents ... The Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment presents ... “Feeding 9 Billion: “Feeding 9 Billion: A Path to Sustainable A Path to Sustainable Agriculture” Agriculture” Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2014 Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2014 Alice Campbell Alumni Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alice Campbell Alumni Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2014 WELCOME Rising incomes, growing population, and increasing consciousness about health and wellness are imposing unprece- dented demands for expanding both conventional agricultural production as well as organic and local food production. The Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment has assembled worldwide ag and sustainability experts on the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign campus to highlight the implications of climate change, scarce water resources and growing demand for food, feed, fuel and ecosystem services for sustainable agricultural development. We are excited to present our first iSEE Congress, “Feeding 9 Billion: A Path to Sustainable Agriculture,” which will emphasize the critical role that tech- nology and policy can play in increasing agricultural productivity while reducing environmental degradation. Sessions will address the impact of climate change on crop productivity, land use, and water resources — and the role for new crops and technologies, including biotech and precision agriculture, in increasing productivity while reducing the use of chemical inputs and fossil fuels. The interaction between agriculture and ecosystem services and the importance of the public and private sector in providing the incentives for sustainable agricultural development will be discussed. Speakers will also explore the progress made in improving food security in the developed and developing world and the hurdles that remain due to slow adaptation and acceptance of new technologies.