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(DBD) DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD TAHUN 2018 - JUNI 2020 Almita Tumey*, Wulan P

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(DBD) DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD TAHUN 2018 - JUNI 2020 Almita Tumey*, Wulan P Jurnal KESMAS, Vol. 9, No 7, Desember 2020 16 HUBUNGAN VARIABILITAS IKLIM DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD TAHUN 2018 - JUNI 2020 Almita Tumey*, Wulan P. J. Kaunang*, Afnal Asrifuddin* *Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado ABSTRAK Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah infeksi virus yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegipty. Demam berdarah tersebar luas di seluruh daerah tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabilitas iklim dengan kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud tahun 2018 – Juni 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi Ekologi dengan jenis Time Series Study yang dilakukan pada Juli 2020. Jenis analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dari uji korelasi curah hujan dengan DBD p = 0,093, Suhu dengan DBD p = 0,512, Kelembapan dengan DBD p = 0,153. Kesimpulannya secara statistik tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Curah hujan, Suhu dan Kelembapan dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Tahun 2018 – Juni 2020. Kata Kunci : DBD, Variabilitas Iklim ABSTRACT Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that caused by the dengue virus which spread by the Aedes aegipty mosquito. Dengue fever is widespread throughout the tropics. This study aims to determine the relationship between climate variability and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the Talaud Islands Regency in 2018 - June 2020. This research uses an Ecological study design with the Time Series Study type which was conducted in July 2020. The data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis with correlation test. As a results, it is founded from the correlation test of rainfall with dengue fever p = 0.093, temperature with dengue fever p = 0.512, humidity with dengue fever p = 0.153. The conclusion is that there is no statistically significant relationship between Rainfall, Temperature and Humidity with the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Talaud Islands Regency in 2018 - June 2020. Keywords : DBD, Climate Variability PENDAHULUAN (Dinkes, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Dengue yaitu flavivirus dapat menular 2020). melalui gigitan vektor nyamuk A.aegypti Intensitas curah hujan yang cukup dan dapat ditemukan baik di wilayah tropis dimana berpengaruh pada naiknya serta wilayah sub-tropis, wilayah perkotaan kelembapan nibsi udara (Sucipto, 2011). serta semi-perkotaan menjadi tempat Temperatur udara yang optimimum bagi sebagian besar ditemukannya perkembanganbiakan Aedes aegypti yaitu kasus. Nyamuk Aedes yang menggigit sekitar 250C-270C (Depkes RI, 2004 dalam sehari menyebarkan penyakit (WHO, Sucipto, 2011). Saat kadar kelembapan 2016). udara berada pada angka <60% maka hidup Data kasus DBD yang tercatat di Dinas nyamuk vektor dapat jadi sangat singkat Kesehatan Talaud yaitu pada tahun 2018 (Depkes RI, 2004). terdapat 73 kasus, pada tahun 2019 terdapat 74 kasus dan sepanjang bulan Januari – Juli 2020 ada 30 kasus yang terjadi Jurnal KESMAS, Vol. 9, No 7, Desember 2020 17 METODE Gambar 1. Distribusi jumlah kasus demam Jenis penelitian yang diapakai yaitu berdarah dengue per bulan di Kabupaten rancangan studi Ekologi dengan jenis Time Kepulauan Talaud Series Study dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Jumlah kasus demam berdarah dengue Kepulauan Talaud dengan rentang waktu perbulan pada gambar 1, menunjukkan Juli Tahun 2020. Observasi data dengan kasus tertinggi terdapat pada bulan mengumpulkan data kasus DBD dari Dinas November 2018 (22 kasus), Maret 2019 (18 Kesehatan Daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan kasus) serta Oktober 2018 (16 kasus) Talaud dan data iklim dari BMKG Pos sedangkan pada bulan Maret – April 2018 Meteorologi Bandar Udara Melonguane. dan Oktober – Desember 2019 tidak terjadi Analis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis kasus. univariat untuk mengetahui gambaran masing – masing variabel dan analisis Gambaran Curah Hujan di Kabupaten bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi. Sebelum Kepulauan Talaud melakukan Uji Korelasi perlu dilakukan uji 500 447 375.8 373.1 346.5 400 346.2 kenormalan data dengan menggunakan uji 306.9 266.6 262 262.8 300 233.1 215.9 210.2 199.7 178.4 176.2 171.7 158.5 157.7 153.2 141.3 200 120.4 109.9 Kolmogorof Smirnof, dengan kriteria data 103.6 99.7 91.2 78 53.1 100 46.6 11.2 Curah Hujan Curah(M2) 0.2 dinyatakan normal jika nilai signifikasi 0 Jul-18 Jul-19 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Sep-19 p>0,05. Jika data diketahui terdistribusi Sep-18 Mei 18 Mei 19 Mei 20 Mei Nov-18 Nov-19 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 normal maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Bulan Sumber : BMKG Pos Meteorologi Melonguane korelasi pearson, jika data tidak normal Gambar 2. Jumlah curah hujan per bulan di menggunakan uji korelasi spearman’s rho. Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Jumlah curah hujan perbulan di Kabupaten HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kepualauan Talaud pada gambar 2, Analisis Univariat tertinggi pada bulan Juni 2019 (447 mm), Gambaran Kasus Demam Berdarah bulan Juli 2018 (375,8 mm) dan pada bulan Dengue di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Juni 2020 (373,2 mm) sedangkan terendah 25 22 pada bulan September 2019 (0,2 mm) dan 20 18 16 15 bulan Agustus 2019 (11,2 mm). 10 11 9 8 8 8 9 8 10 6 Jumlah Kasus Jumlah 4 4 4 4 5 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Jul-19 Jul-18 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Sep-18 Sep-19 Mei 18 Mei 19 Mei 20 Mei Nov-18 Nov-19 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-18 Bulan Sumber : Laporan DBD DINKES Kab.Kep.Talaud Jurnal KESMAS, Vol. 9, No 7, Desember 2020 18 Gambaran Suhu Udara di Kabupaten Uji Normalitas Data Kepulauan Talaud Tabel 1 Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Menggunakan Kolmogorof-Smirnov 29 29 29.5 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28.5 28 28 Variabel Nilai-ρ Keterangan 27 27 27 27 27.5 27 DBD 0,003 Tidak Normal 27 Curah Hujan 0,200 Normal Suhu udara (0c)Suhuudara 26.5 Suhu Udara 0,000 Tidak Normal 26 Kelembapan 0,117 Normal Udara Jul-18 Jul-19 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Sep-18 Sep-19 Mei 19 Mei Mei 18 Mei 20 Mei Nov-18 Nov-19 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Bulan Sumber : BMKG Pos Meteorologi Melonguane Uji kenormalan data menggunakan Gambar 3 Rata-rata suhu udara per bulan Kolmogorof-Smirnov pada tabel 1 yaitu di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud data demam berdarah dengue berdistribusi Rata-rata Suhu Udara per bulan yang ada di tidak normal diketahui nilai p = 0,003, Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud pada gambar curah hujan berdistribusi normal nilai p = 3, rata-rata suhu tertinggi yaitu 290C pada 0,200 data suhu udara berdistribusi tidak bula Agustus 2018, Desember 2018, normal nilai p = 0,000 serta data September 2019 sedangkan rata-rata suhu kelembapan udara normal nilai p = 0,117. terendah yaitu 270C pada bulan Januari- Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka Maret 2019,Februari 2020 dan Juni 2020. selanjutnya akan dipakai uji korelasi spearman rho karena data tidak memenuhi Gambaran Kelembapan Udara di syarat untuk uji korelasi Pearson yaitu Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud demua data harus berdistribusi normal. Gambar 4 Rata-rata Kelembapan Udara per bulan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud Analisis Bivariat 94 Tabel 2 Hasil Uji Korelasi Antara Iklim 86 86 85 100 85 84 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 82 82 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 75 75 74 74 80 73 dengan DBD 60 40 Koef. Jlm 20 Variabel korelasi Sig (ρ) Ket (n) kelembapan (%) udarakelembapan 0 (r) Curah Hujan 30 -0,313 0,093 Tidak ada Jul-18 Jul-19 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-18 – DBD Hubungan Sep-18 Sep-19 Mei 18 Mei 19 Mei 20 Mei Nov-18 Nov-19 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Bulan Suhu – DBD 30 -0,125 0,512 Tidak ada hubungan Sumber : BMKG Pos Meteorologi Melonguane Kelembapan 30 -0,268 0,153 Tidak ada – DBD Hubungan Koef. Jlm Variabel korelasi Sig (ρ) Ket Rata-rata kelembapan udara perbulan pada (n) (r) gambar 4, tertinggi pada bulan Desember Curah Hujan 30 -0,313 0,093 Tidak ada – DBD Hubungan 2018 (94%) dan kelembapan terendah pada Suhu – DBD 30 -0,125 0,512 Tidak ada hubungan bulan Mei 2019 (73%). Kelembapan 30 -0,268 0,153 Tidak ada – DBD Hubungan Jurnal KESMAS, Vol. 9, No 7, Desember 2020 19 Hasil uji korelasi Spearman pada tabel 2 2018 dimana hasilnya yaitu tidak terdapat yaitu tidak terdapat hubungan Curah hujan hubungan yang bermakna dari variabel dan DBD (dengan nilai p = 0,093 dan r = - curah hujan serta angka kasus DBD. 0,313), tidak terdapat hubungan Suhu Penelitian serupa juga dilakukan oleh dengan kasus DBD (p = 0,512, r = -0, 125), Gandawari (2018) di Kota Bitung tahun serta tidak terdapat hubungan kelembapan 2015-2017 dengan hasil tidak terdapat dan DBD (dengan nilai p = 0,153 dan r = - hubungan antara kejadian kasus DBD dan 0, 268). curah hujan ditunjukkan dengan nilai r = 0,318 serta nilai p = 0,058. Lasut dkk Hubungan Curah hujan dengan (2017) berpendapat bahwa tidak ada Kejadian DBD hubungan curah hujan dan kasus demam Analisis hubungan yang dilakukan antara berdarah dengue yang ada di Kabupaten curah hujan dengan kejadian demam Minahasa Utara dalam rentang waktu 2014- berdarah dengue menggunakan uji korelasi 2016. Rau dkk (2019) dalam penelitian Spearman rho, dan berdasarkan hasil pada serupa yang dilakukan di Kota Palu tahun tabel 2 memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi 2013-2017 menyimpulkan bahwa tidak (r)= -0,313 dimana korelasi memiliki adanya keterkaitan variabel curah hujan dan keeratan yang tergolong lemah yang arah kasus demam berdarah dengue, hal tersebut hubungannya negatif (-), ini artinya arahnya mungkin terjadi karena data untuk curah berlawanan yaitu jika nilai suatu varibel hujan yang didapat terdiri dari data global semakin besar maka akan semakin kecil yang diambil disatu daerah yang sudah juga nilai dari variabel yang lain serta ditentukan saja.
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