NEW YORK-Photographed from 26,300 feet above Staten Island Official A ir Corp& photograph, by the courtesy of the "National Geographic Magazine'' THE CONTENTS

Photography Explores Our World's Secrets Page 1 A Letter from Mr. Lovejoy Page 9 Some surprising things, popularly described The President introduces the new magazine

Panorama Page 4 Calculating the 23d Wage Dividend Page 10 Around the world on a thumbnail Facts about the payment on July 1st

Where There Isn't a Will There's Still a Way Page 5 Miss Comstock on the 'Phone Page 10 Why a will should be made, and how A direct wire home to the family

That's the Way the Printing Press Evolved Page 6 Kodak Products: A Survey Page 11 I ngenuities in two industries What do yon lcnow about what we make ?

Employee Activities: Let's Investigate Page 7 The Memorial to Mr. Eastman at Kodak Park Page 16 Why we don't go home when the whistle blows A view of the monument to the Founder

The Editor's Page Page 8 Medals Recognizing 25 Years of Service Page 16 Comment on what's in KoDAK and what will be An announcement

Status of a Kodak Employee Page 8 June, the Wedding Month Inside the Back Cover An important chart of the benefit provisions The first of a gallery of photographs

Copyrigh t, l935, by the Eastman Kodak Company Volume 14 JUNE 1935 Number 1

Part of New Jersey showed in the photograph and the State of Con- Photography Explores necticut to a point beyond New Haven Harbor, identifiable eighty miles away. Our World's Secrets Yet so well did the film do its job under the control of Captain Stevens' skill-and with a lens made at the Hawk-Eye Works-that individual buildings may be discerned in the city far below the airplane. Look for the Empire State Building, appearing below the right-hand side of Central Park, and for the Yankee Stadium, just above the Harlem River, with Fifth Avenue pointing to it after going up the right-hand side of the park. That is a spectacular example of what aerial photography can do. Daily, as well, it is doing its round of useful work. Photography is impartial, on the ground or in the air. Big taxpayer, little taxpayer; it's all the same to the camera. A number of towns and small cities have taken that cue and have had tax maps made from the air by photography. With what results? A tax map of a New England manu- facturing town, made by photography from an airplane, revealed buildings, lots, improved pieces of land, and Specially sensitized plates from the Kodak Research Laboratories made legible this historically useful document that similar taxable properties, to the had been censored about three hundred years ago with heavy, black ink number of 1,896, that had not ap- peared at all on previous tax maps. KoDAK -as we may "point with photographic goods-or do any of the Forty-nine of these untaxed proper- pride," all of us who help to carry on hundreds of jobs necessary to the ties were on the main street. The its activities-provides important success of Kodak. Every job con- camera said so and the fact was assistance to scientific exploration into tributes to "the big job": providing therefore quite incontestable. the secrets of this world of ours; and materials for the photographic needs shares, in the bargain, an occasional of the present-and of the future- look-in on other planets. no matter how extraordinary they Photography is on the front line, may be. these days, of scientific progress and Super-sensitive Panchromatic 'Film, the assault on the unknown and the we know, has revolutionized Holly- impossible. The Eastman Kodak wood's movie technique; has given Company, in turn, is at the forefront treasured indoor snapshots to hun- of photography with specialized ma- dreds of thousands of families. We terials for making pictures to be used are less likely to know that Captain as scientific tools, as well as with Albert W. Stevens, of the Army Air materials for the familiar photog- Corps, carried a roll of Super-sensi- raphy of home and Hollywood. tive "Pan" to a point 26,300 feet We may, as individuals, nitrate above Staten Island and took a picture cotton or coat emulsion or make of New York (see the opposite page) in The same sheet, photographed on an ordinary plate, with cameras or lenses or paper, or sell which the whole great city appeared. the censor's ink obliterating a Passage Page 2 K O D A K

fields to indicate definitely the areas infected with root-rot. Fields of cot- ton stricken with this blight appear on a photographic print like a pock- marked face, so clearly do the in- fected areas show from the air. There, now, is a curious thing. Photography contributes to the rais- ing of better cotton crops-while photography depends on cotton as the essential raw material of its film base. We know the job that x-ray has done for medicine and dentistry for several decades; but we are less likely to know the important uses to which the x-ray is now being put in in- dustry. The great national project of Boulder Dam, for instance, depends on x-ray pictures as one link in t he safety of its construction. The .speci- fications called for x-ray examination of 75 miles of steel welds in the huge water tunnels- an undertaking that

One section of an aerial traffic survey of Washington, the capital city: a surer way to determine the density of parking and required at least 159,000 separate movement than sending Boy Scouts to count the cars x-ray exposures (see the cover). In consequence, the assessment roll tain but more equitable. It shows, at In designing metal articles for vari- of this town of 16,000 population the same time, one thing that is never ous uses, there was a time when gas jumped from about $20,000,000 to a certain. We can't always know the cavities or other flaws in castings figure beyond $30,000,000; the tax uses of the materials on which we work. didn't greatly matter, because enough rate was reduced 20 per cent; and Aerial photography's great future extra metal, beyond the requirements of the design, could be included to yet taxes collected were $60;000 is in rapid process of becoming a very higher than before. 1mportant present. Photographic mo- compensate for loss of strength The tax map made by an aerial saic maps are proving essential for through flaws. Modern designs, on camera cost the town $162 a square city planning and zoning, for traffic- the other hand, prohibit large ex- mile and required two months in the control planning, for the routing of cesses of metaL Reliance on any such making. A neighboring town's tax highways, for exploiting real-estate factor of safety is no longer permis- map had cost, at the end of four developments, for geological and ar- sible. There simply must be no flaws. years' work on the ground, $3,692 a chaeological exploration. That's where photography comes in- square mile. Sometimes it is necessary to photo- by means of the x-ray, which is "Certain as death and taxes." Well graph from the air to understand merely photography through, instead h ere ' s a case where photography' things right in our midst. Such a case of photography of. seems to have made taxes more cer- is the aerial photography of cotton It is usual foundry practice to make "pilot castings" of new parts. Ordinarily the examination of these preliminary castings has been made by cutting them apart; but an x-ray photograph-a "radiograph"-can probe inside a casting better than a saw can. If the casting is perfect, it is saved for use, since only radiation has gone through it and not a saw. If the casting is imperfect, the x-ray picture will probably reveal defects that the saw cuts would have missed. A list of industrial products that have been submitted to x-ray ex- amination would easily crowd every- thing else off this page. Not only castings, but also such finished and semifinished products would appear on the list as airplane parts that might fail in the air, grinding wheels that might fly apart if there were defects, golf balls that might have their cores off center, switchboard-panel slate that might contain metallic veins, oysters that might contain pearls- X-ray inspection of ball bearings, " before and after"' the first film (on the left) revealed many flaws in balls that appeared these and many other uses have been Perfect; but the second "shot," alter change of the manufacturing process, showed only five to be imperfect found, in addition to the time-hon- K 0 D A K Page 3 ored medical applications of x-ray Not long afterward the benevolent photography. signer died. Somebody saw the value Once the parts of a machine have of that innocent signature to make been proved flawless, modern indus- the signer appear benevolent in a way try, building complex devices that that he had not intended. With a operate far faster than the eye can little care, it was possible for the see, still has need of photography's plotter to bleach the handwriting help in discovering if any of the parts away, except for the name, which move erratically. thereupon became the signature of The way to make those discoveries the perfectly plausible typewritten was to devise an eye that actually will printed on this page-plausible could see quickly enough to find because Pennsylvania law, it appears, the reason for any defective operation. does not in all cases require the sig- Kodak supplies such an eye in the natures of witnesses. form of a 16-millimeter movie camera But then ultra-violet photography that can take two thousand pictures was brought into the case and revealed a second. Rapid indeed would be the the deception. Imagine a jury's re- mechanical operation that·could elude sponse to the lower photograph at the this apparatus-when a motion picture bottom of this column, reproduced of an electric-light bulb being smashed from a photographic plate that had shows the broken pieces of glass drift- caught the bleached handwriting as ing to the floor as slowly as the down well as the visible, forged typewriting. of milkweed on a summer breeze. There are other uses of photography Any piece of material or equipment in recording papers as they don't produced by Kodak might find itself appear to the eye. Documents charred the turning point of a legal case. black by fire need not be considered Photography is increasing in impor- destroyed. Left for several weeks in tance as a medium of legal evidence. contact with photographic film, such The right photographic materials charred papers will reproduce their may well be the prosecutor's best appearance as it was before the fire. friend in forgery cases. Three years Emanations of gas from the paper ago a letter was written by hand:- affect the film , over a prolonged "Dear Tom: Is there any employ- period, except where the original ink ment you can give this man? He is obstructs the emanations-and thus a good worker." the image is formed. With a flourish the note was signed. (Please turn to Page 14)

What's wrong with this will? Nothing .

By the courtesy of Elbridge Walter Stein Here's who! a hig h-speed camera caught when a marble until it is photographed by ultra-violet rays! dropped on the top of an electric-light bulb Page 4 K D A K p A N 0 R A M A "Got to Trust in size. Both together weighed, with Brawn Abroad their mounts, more than a ton. They Your Organization" were sprayed with lacquer for pro- IT TAKES brawn as well as brain to tection against the weather. represent Kodak in the export terri- ONE DAY Mr. Eastman was showing tory: Latin America and the Far East. movies of his first African trip- Consider the cases of four of our sen- movies that he himself had taken-to Road Signs tinels on the edges of civilization- dinner guests at his home. By all odds DRIVING along the road, the car's civilization as defined by the ability the most exciting scene came when a headlights pick up the word, "SLOW," to get on a train and go places. rhinoceros charged down upon the and it becomes more brightly illu- Robert E. O'Bolger is manager of camera and fell only a few feet from it. minated the closer the headlights ap- the Shanghai Branch, which distri- The charge was terrific; finished proach. A warning to night drivers butes our goods in China. When it before time for thought-yet the that the road bends sharply. Little becomes advisable for him to call on photographer didn't flinch. He stood balls of glass, forming the word and the trade in one of the interior prov- his ground while the rhino in a flash reflecting the headlights, make the inces, he boards a train, it's true, and loomed larger in the finder and while signal loom out of the night. he rides a long way. But at last it's the hunter beside him waited to shoot. But in some localities not glass the end of the line, and passengers The dinner guests were shaken as balls but lenses stud the warning who wish to go farther have to if they themselves had been charged signs. They reflect more light than find their own ways of doing so. The by the rhinoceros. glass balls because they are lenses, and ways Mr. O'Bolger found on one trip "But, Mr. Eastman," they said, still more because carefully designed were wheelbarrows, chairs carried "that was extremely dangerous. Why concentric rings are molded on the by coolies, his own feet-and even . . . how close was the rhinoceros surfaces. A distinct improvement. the backs of men who carried him when the hunter fired?" They are fabricated by a process across streams. "About fifteen paces." similar to find er lenses- and Hawk- In the Philippines, William P. Lane, "How close was he when he fell?" Eye makes them, by the millions. the manager, sometimes travels by "About five paces." canoe and by two-wheeled cart. "But, Mr. Eastman, just think of Did You Realize It is not extraordinary for our men the things that might have gone in South America to fly across the wrong. The rifle might have jammed, . . . that Kodak Park refrigerat- tall Andes; but not so very long ago . . . the cartridges might have been ing machines could cool ice boxes in a William E. Barr, our technical man no good, . . . the hunter might million homes? The large amount of in that region, had to do it-because have lost his nerve or become ill- refrigeration produced is for air-con- the Trans-Andine Railroad couldn't ditioning, process-cooling, preserva- and you would have been killed. . . . " "make the grade." "Well," said Mr. Eastman, gently, tion of sensitized goods in storage. . . . that Kodak Park uses five But the most notable sequence of "you've got to trust your organiza- hardships recently recorded befell tion." tons of silver a week, which is more than any other industry in the world Joseph D. Aponte, of Rochester, who Largest Portraits uses? It's for making emulsions. makes a trip every year to countries . . . that Kodak Park uses more surrounding the Caribbean Sea--and KoDAK PEOPLE live and work under than eighty tons of cotton a week? no luxurious cruise is it for him under many flags. While those in the It's for making film base. even the best of circumstances. United States were reading dis- . . . that Kodak Park uses as The hardest Aponte day descended patches about the Jubilee of King much water in one day as would be upon him in Venezuela, when he set George and Queen Mary, and sharing required to fill a quarter of a million out in a hired motor for the interior the dramatic occasion in imagina- bathtubs or to fill a dry dock to float town of Barquisimeto. Two tires and tion, several thousands of their fellows the new Queen Mary? It's for cooling a policeman did their bit to delay the in Great Britain and Canada and and for various uses in the processes journey, but it was not until after a Australia and in other parts of the of manufacture. smash-up that Mr. Aponte gave up British Empire were engaged in the . . . that Kodak Park burns five that vehicle and managed to hail a celebration. hundred tons of coal a day? That tobacco truck. The tobacco truck On the front of the office of Kodak, sounds even warmer than the refrig- didn't break down for an hour- and Limited, in London, the English eration produced sounds cold. then came a truck loaded with company displayed a unique contri- aguardiente, which sounds suspicious- bution to the Jubilee decorations : ly like "fire water" (and is, so the photographs of the King and Queen, It's Done With Mirrors Export Sales Division confirms). each measuring 36 feet by 16- the AN ENTERPRISING London camera It was 2 a.m. when Mr. Aponte largest camera portraits ever made. shop has devised a novel adaptation reached his destination-but that Thirty-six feet is as tall as a four- of 16-millimeter movie projectors- didn't prevent him from calling on the story house (if you can find a four- to throw motion pictures on the trade the next day. story house). Sixteen feet is as wide ceiling of a sick room. The patient Thus do our representatives. afar- as three automobiles. can see a show without sitting up. and the men mentioned here are only The pictures were printed on The projector stands on a table a few of them--keep up Kodak's bromide paper, each being formed of over the bed, and an arrangement of friendly relations with the· dealers fifteen sections 12 feet by 40 inches mirrors sends the rays upward. who sell our goods in those territories. K D A K Page 5 Where There Isn't a Will There's Still a Way Consult the Industrial Relations difficult-the only recourse is to Advice on these matters- concern- Department for Help in Making secure a bond from a surety company, ing the making of a will; as well as on One Before the Emergency Arises for which a premium must be paid. other legal questions-can be pro- Such an arrangement must be kept cured by any employee without ''BuT MY HUSBAND always said that in force until all the children are of charge through the legal-aid service if anything happened to him this age. That may be for ten or fifteen afforded by the Kodak Employees property would go to me." years, or even longer, depending on Association. Appointments to see Such a statement has been made the ages of the children. Donald S. Westfall, attorney, who all too frequently by widows of In most cases of small estates, use spends part of his time at the Kodak Kodak employees, who have come to Office for this purpose, can be made the Industrial Relations Department of the property is imperative for family maintenance and for the care through the plant employment offices for assistance. More often than not or, for Kodak Office employees, the answer has to be that the husband and rearing of the children. Under such circumstances there are fre- through the Industrial Relations De- was mistaken-because of his failure partment. to make a will. quently perplexing questions as to Under the laws of New York State, whether the children's share in the Insurance Beneficiaries in case of the death of an individual estate may be used for their benefit Another method of avoiding com- who has made no will and who leaves during their minority. plications is to have property held his wife and children surviving, the Most of these complications may jointly, so that upon the death of one widow is entitled to one-third of her be avoided by making a will. It is of the owners it passes to the other husband's property and the children true that some expense is involved in irrespective of any will. This is fre- are entitled to two-thirds. No excep- settlement of an estate where there quently done with real estate and tions can be made to this rule, and the is a will; but all the difficulties at- with bank accounts, and it may be division of the property is absolutely tendant upon the matter of a bond arranged with most personal prop- arbitrary in the absence of a will. may be avoided. erty. The existence of a will, however, is also necessary to take care of per- Avoiding Complications While making a will in ordinary cases is a simple matter, the law sonal effects, and as a safeguard in The matter of the precise division requires that it be executed-that case some items should be overlooked. of the property, however, is only one means signed by the person making it The will, of course, need not be pro- result of the failure to make a will. and by the witnesses- in a very bated if at the time of the death it is If it happens that there are no sur- particular manner. If any printed found that all the property is jointly viving children, the complications are form is used, therefore, specific in- held. usually not great; but when there are structions on this point should be In addition to the matter of mak- children, and especially when there obtained. ing a will, thought should be given to are young children, the widow is the proper designation of beneficia- frequently put to needless incon- ries under insurance policies-includ- venience and expense. ing the group life insurance of the Under such circumstances the first Company. Under the New York law, requirement is that an administrator proceeds of life insurance are not be appointed by the Surrogate Court considered part of an estate, and they before any disposition may be made pass directly to the beneficiary named of the property. The usual method is in the policy without having to go for the widow to petition through an through the formalities required in attorney for such an appointment . the case of other property. Except Upon being appointed, she becomes for very large amounts, there are also responsible for the disposition of the no inheritance-tax complications. children's share of the estate. If, on the contrary, a person desig- The children's share can not be nates his estate as beneficiary, by so paid to them until they have reached doing he makes the insurance part 21 years of age. If they are younger of the estate; and in the event of his than 21, the administrator must take death it must be handled as such. If care of their share until that time minor children are named as insur- and must make an accounting to the ance beneficiaries, no money can be Court. paid to them until they reach the age Usually a bond for the amount of of 21 unless a guardian is appointed the children's share must be furnished by the Court. That procedure is at- by the administrator. If relatives or tended by difficulties similar to those friends owning real estate are willing The Kodak Employees Association undertakes the safe. outlined above in connection with the to sign a bond making themselves keeping of wills for employees and provides, lor the pur· duties of an administrator of an responsible for any irregularities in pose, envelopes like this. Other valuable papers may also estate. handling the funds, that is usually be deposited with the Association for preservation. There There are cases-it should be said is no charge for this Service. Further information may be sufficient. If such an arrangement can obtained From plant employment or pay-roll departments -where the designation of the estate not be made-and frequently it is or from the Employees Association at the Kodak Office. (Please turn to Page 1 3) Page 6 K D A K

Similarly, William J. Phillips, of Hawk-Eye, received an award for a That's the Way the new method of fastening clips to developing hangers by spot welding. The old method was good enough; but Mr. Phillips' method was better, Printing Press Evolved and a point was gained in the steady IN NEWSPAPER SHOPS all over the land, years the inventions came. Now we improvement of our methods of man- compositors at keyboards set type can read our newspapers half an hour ufacture. almost as rapidly as a typewriter after the news has happened, and In the Dope Department at Kodak operates. Then a sequence of me- we can read a great deal more news Park, William Kondolf was annoyed chanical operations that are miracles of for two or three cents. Much of our because the pins used on filter plates perfected ingenuity: the page-forms- debt is to those unsung printing broke off and loosened. A healthy made up of thousands of pieces of hands who saw better ways of doing annoyance may be useful-if some- type metal-take the form of solid, their jobs. thing is done about it. Mr. Kondolf circular plates fitting the presses ... put in a suggestion that locknuts and those great machines that can should be used instead of the pins. roll off 35,000 newspapers an hour The adoption of his suggestion means commence what William Allen White that annoyance, and time, will be once called "the soothing diapason saved. They are worth saving. of the whirring wheels." Time is money, and money con- That is now. served helps make for the success of Fifty years ago it was different. any business. Printing was slow and cumbersome. Simple enough it seems for Charles Yet the best of the old-time printing Bertie, of the Emulsion Coating De- hands- men of skill and resourceful- partment, to have proposed the use ness-were not dulled by those of adhesive tape 1 inches wide limitations. It was they who paved instead of the width-but the way for the great modern news- that means a lot of tape saved when paper business. the Company's extensive use of tape in Here's how the beloved Mr. White, packing sensitized goods is considered. one of our greatest small-town editors, At the Camera Works, John Rutan, described such a printer, a man hired In goes a suggestion-always room For improvement who works on Baby Brownies, studied to do twelve hours a day of setting the camera and found that a ratchet type, piece by piece, and putting it There is room in any industry for bushing was unnecessary; and that back in the case, piece by piece; days all the thought that can be given to its elimination, furthermore, would of tending a primitive, balky printing improvements. Some of our fellow not impair the quality standard of press. members of the Eastman organiza- the camera. The idea was tried out He could, among a variety of ac- tion-indeed, some whole depart- and found satisfactory. complishments, "make paste that ments-are employed for the specific would never sour .... He could purpose of thinking out new products, With a Ford Part to Aid whittle out a line of wood letters.... better methods. But hundreds of He could make rollers that would others, taking advantage of the Sug- Ross P. Miller, of the Stores De- print a hair line of script, or bring out gestion System, have shown that a partment at the Park, turned waste the dapple in the flanks of the iron- mind awake to the job being done into an income when he put into the gray stallion for the livery-stable can produce improvements worthy Suggestion System the idea that job. . . He could go to the non- of adoption. wooden boxes received by the Fin- pareil case and set up a piece of Those printers of the 'eighties had ished Film Department with ship- poetry for the first column from no reward for their ingenuity but ments of lead discs, lead foil, and memory. He was a guide, philoso- satisfaction. Those of us who make aluminum foil should be sold back to pher, and friend to the editor"- this acceptable suggestions at Kodak in the supplying firms to be used over man whose tedious job was simply the 'thirties have the additional again. setting type and coaxing along an reward of payments for ideas. Speaking of improvements on print- unwilling press. To be worth while, an idea need ing machines, they aren't confined to not be large. It must merely be the newspaper shops. Take a case at sensibly thought out to the best of the Kodak Office. Howard Kittle, of Debt to the Printers one's ability. Observation and "horse the Advertising Printing Shop, as- Did all that count? sense" are the best equipment for sembled some crude tools-a Ford The ingenious devices by which making useful-and therefore re- valve stem among them-and devised this man and fellow craftsmen im- munerative-suggestions. a machine part that eliminated fre- proved the presses they worked on- For instance, L. B. Rich, of the quent delays in his job of printing wrote Mr. White-those devices, Paper Emulsion Department, sug- dealers' names on photo-finishing en- "perfected and carried to their ulti- gested that the truck used to carry velopes. The new part, which outside mate conclusions, have become great bottles in that department should experts had been unable to supply, inventions of this printing craft ." be lined with a corduroy-rubber worked like a charm; and the output Yet the improvements rigged up mat to prevent bottles from slipping of the machine operated by Mr. Kittle from string and wire and wood were off and breaking. That idea wasn't increased substantially. not great inventions when they were one to be published in the scientific Honors-and cash-for mechanical made. It took many ingenuities to journals-but it kept bottles from development are not only for the make an invention-but through the breaking, and that was the need. (Please turn to Page 15) K D A K Page 7 Employee Activities: Let's Investigate WHERE TO BEGIN'? other Kodak Park teams, someone demonstrations, at which one can see The time and place: a spring eve- has to lose. Well, that's all in the just what "makes the wheels go ning in the Kodak Office auditorium. game, and they are sportsmen at the 'round." Something's going on-and it doesn't Park. Not satisfied with a meeting a seem to have much to do with the Echoes of soccer with its special month, and with sponsoring exhibi- photographic business. field, and of basketball, bowling, tions, the Camera Club also organizes "No, no! 'Cantando' means 'in a horseshoes, golf, and tennis indicate regular courses of study in photog- melodious, singing style'-full of ex- enthusiasm for many additional activ- raphy. Last winter a course in pho- pression. Let's try it again. " And try ities that would bear investigation- tography for beginners was given, as it again they do, as many times as but a light in an upper window at the well as an advanced course, and a Victor Wagner wishes. other side of the Park beckons. course in the oil-coloring of prints. They, in this case, are the mem- All these activities sound very in- bers of the Kodak Choral Society that Photography teresting-and certainly very well came into being not long ago at a "The competition is open to any worth while. The folks at the Park meeting of more than two hundred employee in Rochester," says the evidently think so, for there are more employees in the Kodak Office audi- genial gentleman addressing the group. than 6,500 members of the Kodak torium. This newest activity is com- "The work must be entirely your own Park Athletic Association, under posed of interested employees of the from the time you press the button whose guidance these "doings" are three Eastman plants in Rochester until you submit the finished, mount- carried on. and of the Kodak Office. ed print. Judging will be on the basis It's only a step to the Hawk-Eye Mr. Wagner, the leader engaged of originality and human appeal, com- W arks. So let's step. by the Company, is well known to us position and pictorial excellence, and as conductor of the Eastman Theatre technical perfection." Hawk-Eye Orchestra during the whole period of It's the James H. C. Evanoff Another large group of people, its existence. Trained in the Vienna Trophy Competition we're hearing deeply engrossed. A pinochle tourna- Conservatory of Music, he has seen about. It takes place each year, ment! Nearly a hundred persons, all glamorous service as a cello-player sponsored by the Kodak Camera with looks of good-natured concen- at the Royal Opera in Vienna and at Club-headquarters at Kodak Park. tration on their faces. They're out for the Metropolitan Opera in New York. There's also an exhibition for begin- a good time-and they're having it. His fame extends also into the field ners each spring. Both are fine practice, "Ping." "Ping." "Ping-ping-ping," of conducting radio orchestras. as ' well, for the increasing number breaks in on the silence. A little The chorus is meeting weekly, and of us who take a try at the Kodak white ball flies to and fro. Intent eyes concerts are to be arranged later. A International Salon in the autumn. follow its flight. very auspicious beginning! And any This Camera Club, by the way, "Out!"-and table tennis is "in" of us who like to sing and haven't turns out to be a very lively organi- at Hawk-Eye, with its full share of signed up yet are still welcome. zation, indeed. It holds monthly meet- devotees. There are many other interesting ings, open to everyone interested in It ought to be mentioned, too, that activities at Kodak Office, conducted picture-taking, at which talks are the lens-makers have one of the larg- under the Kodak Office Recreation given by various persons who are ex- est delegations at the choral-society Club-but a good investigator always pert in certain lines of photography. meetings. leaves something to uncover later; There are also numerous working (Please turn to Page 13) so let's look in on Kodak Park. Baseball "Home run! Zowie !" "Get an eyeful of that boy's fast ball!" ... "What's all the shouting about?" we ask. "Oh, nothing unusual. Our Kodak Park softball team's winning again," explains a chap near-by. "And can that Park team play!" It played last year, so our investi- gation revealed, to the tune of win- ning-far from the famous fur-lined bathtub-the silver cup awarded in the City championship play-offs. Let's watch 'em this year. Kodak Park seems to be baseball- minded, indeed. There are several noon-hour teams and there's an inter- department league, as well as the Kodak Park "varsity"; and they're all winners ... . No, that can't be right. When Kodak Parkers play Victor Wagner and the baton that leods the new Kodak choru! : the baton that conducled the Eastman Theatre Orchestra Pase B K D A K

hend them. It's a satisfaction toJmow THE PAGE what we possess-and it's "good bus- EDITOR'S iness" from a personal viewpoint. It seems, therefore, that this mag- To Begin With ... azine can do a useful job by present- A NEW MAGAZINE without an opening "statement of aims" is ing clear explanations of the various provisions: what each benefit plan as rare as weather that isn't talked about. We are fortunate to means to every one of us; how to be able to substitute for the usual glowing- and meaningless- figure out the protection involved in editorial utterance the letter from Mr. Lovejoy reproduced on terms of money. A series of articles will be printed. The first, appearing the opposite page .... in this issue, is a brief one on the wage dividend. The Various Benefits An Eastman Portrait DIRECTLY BELOW these words is a chart of the benefit status IN VARIOUS QUARTERS the wish has of every qualified Kodak employee. The economic relationship been expressed that a photograph of of each of us to the Company is contained therein. Mr. Eastman, suitable for framing, might be generally distributed within The benefits are not all easy to understand. They apply whether the Company. In response to that we understand them or not; but it is worth while to com pre- wish, such a portrait will be delivered as an insert with the next issue of KoDAK, to be published in August. Status of a Kodak Employee The Suggestion System AN ARTICLE in this issue describes PREVAILING RATE OF WAGES some typical ideas that have received IN THE COMMUNITY / \ awards under the Suggestion System. NORMAL EMPLOYMENT / \ SAVINGS & LOAN They make good reading. and \ ASSOCIATION \ NORMAL HEALTH \ HOME OWNERSHIP The Company is keenly interested '------__J\ / ASSISTANCE \ WAGE DIVIDEND in affording the best possible arrange- IN CASH DEPENDING ON DIVIDENDS HOME BUILDING ment for encouraging and handling ON COMMON STOCK and rewarding suggestions. One rea- son is that new ideas are useful. Another is that people who have new SICK BENEFITS VARY WITH SICK BENEFITS LENGTH OF SERVICE, WITH ideas are likely to increase their own '--IN_c_A_SE_O_F_s_JC_K_N_Es_s_ MAXIMUM OF 26 WEEKS IN ONE YEAR. usefulness_ Certainly they will gain in understanding their jobs and in com- AFTER 15 YEARS' SERVICE, AC- prehending the Company's problems. TOTAL DISABILITY CRUED ANNUITY IS PAID DUR- DISABILITY BENEFITS ING PERIOD OF DISABILITY. NON-OCCUPATIONAL BELOW 15 YEARS' SERVICE, LIFE The management takes this oppor- INSURANCE IS PA ID IN IN- STALLMENTS. tunity to commend the suggestion principle to the employee body and to request the fullest cooperation of OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS -- WORKMEN 'S COMPENSA TlON AS PROVIDED IN STATE LAWS. the supervisory force in fostering it. So much for the principle. The

PAYABLE FOR LIFE AT AGE 65 question then arises, "Is the present UPON RETIREMENT FOR MEN AND 60 FOR WOMEN, RETIREMENT ANNUITIES AMOUNT DEPENDING UPON Suggestion System the right one, or is LE NGTH OF SERVICE AND there--in WAGES. spite of the thought that has gone into forming the present MORE THAN 5 YEARS' SERVICE, one-another system that would be IN CASE OF DEATH LIFE INSURANCE 1 YEAR'S SALARY. LESS THAN 5 YEARS' SERVICE, more effective?". _ . There, now, is 6 MONTHS' SALARY. a chance for someone to win an award. Start off-if you have an idea IN CASE OF VARY WITH LENGTH Of SER- UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS that seems sound-with a suggestion UNEMPLOYMENT VICE. MAXIMUM 13 WEEKS AT 50% OF WAGES IN ONE YEAR. for a better Suggestion System! Meanwhile, unless or until a better plan develops, let's make the most of IN FINANCIAL TROUBLE EMERGENCY LOANS PROVIDED THROUGH THE IN LEGAL PROBLEMS LEGAL ADVICE EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION. the present one. "You can't keep a good man down," or a good idea. A LETTER Page 10 K D A K Calculating the 23d Wage Dividend

FoR THE 23D TIME-on the 1st of Dividends to the stockholders and 1934 that permitted payment of this July, 1935- a wage dividend will be wage dividends to the employees are year's wage dividend. Maintaining paid to Kodak employees. The first made possible only by the successful this favorable situation will depend in was paid in 1912, and there has been operation of the business. It was the large part on the continued effort of one every year since then with the Company's increased earnings in each member of the organization. exception of last year. The method of calculating the wage dividend, as applied to this year's 1 payment, is as follows:- Miss Comstock on the Phone For each dollar per share of divi- dends declared during 1934 upon I believe they would especially love shares of common stock of the Com- it if you added a few raisins or dates pany over and above $3.50 per share, or figs in the cooking. They give more the wage-dividend rate is $5 for every flavor and also they add some minerals $1,000 of salary or wages that were and vitamins. You've read, I'm sure, paid to each qualified employee during in the women's magazines how neces- the period of the five years ended sary those two are for growing boys December 31, 1934. and girls- and, for that matter, you Since the dividends declared last and Bob, too. . . . year amounted to $4.50 a share- You wonder about using evapo- $1 above the $3.50 required for pay- rated milk? Surely. It's as nourishing ment of a wage dividend-exactly as fresh whole milk-and it's cheaper, the rate of $5 per $1,000 will prevail, too. That's a real advantage, isn't it! and the directors indicated in the Have you never used it in making annual report that a sum amounting puddings and white sauces? . to $605,243.29 had been set aside for You would be surprised at the the payment. smooth mixture and the richness of it. The rate of $5 per $1,000 is equiva- Try it some day, but don't you dare lent to per cent of the total wages tell Bob and the children anything or salary received by any employee about your plan. Surprise them. during the last five calendar years. Maybe they won't even notice the To calculate the amount of the in- Miss Laura Comstock, nutrition adviser to the employees difference. All the better. dividual wage dividend, therefore, of the Eastman Kodak Company; president of the American But how else have you changed simply take per cent of the total Dietetic Association, a countrywide orsanization with three thousand dietitian members your meals? Milk is, of course, the earnings in 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, first thing to think about; but other and 1934. Roughly, the wage dividend HELLo, JEAN! It's good to hear your foods are necessary, too, in order to will be approximately equal to a voice. It's fine you are well. get in all the minerals and vitamins week's pay in the case of persons who And how are the children? . . . and proteins needed. . . . have been regularly employed since How splendid! Not a cold or a You try to think of the color of the beginning of 1930. stomach upset this spring! How do As before, all regular employees- vegetables? Green and yellow? That you account for their being so much sounds interesting. Why? . . not including those hired specially healthier than they were last year? Well, that's an easy way to remem- for part-time work-who have actu- It seems to me that you kept telling ber; and you do get more for your ally worked 26 weeks in the previous me they had this or that most of the money when you buy for color. Yel- year (1934 in this case) will be eligi- time .... ble to receive the wage dividend on 1 low cream, yellow turnips, carrots, Oh, so that's it A quart of milk for and the like, green cabbage and other July 1st. The method of calculation each of them every day. But how in greens. They make you think instant- is the same for those whose employ- the world do you manage to get them ment, at the end of last year, had ly of vitamins as well as Christmas, to take that amount when you used don't they! . .. been less than five years as it is for to have a struggle to have them drink those with the full five years. Simply just one glass a day? . . . Central will be calling time on us calculate from the wages actually I see. You put it in their food and if we're not careful. I am so interested received. then they don't realize they are even in all you've told me. We've not getting it! I expect you use a good visited like this for months. . . . Increased Earnings in 1934 deal of it in their simple desserts like Yes, that's a good daily formula. The reason for nonpayment of a custards and puddings, rice, tapioca, A quart of milk each for Bill and wage dividend in 1934 was that the and junket. But even so, those would Nancy, with a quart to be shared by dividends declared upon the common use only a cupful at the most. How do you and Bob. An egg used in some stock in 1933 did not exceed the $3.50 you get the other three down? . . . way for everyone, if possible. A green, level. Increase of the common-stock That's a splendid way, I would leafy vegetable and another one. dividends declared in 1934 to an think: cook their breakfast food in Some raw fruit, or fruit juice, every amount $1 above that level enabled milk instead of water. And of course day. the directors, consistently with their they wouldn't tire of it if you varied But how do you expect the hos- policy in past years, to vote the pay- the kind- oatmeal, dark farina, yel- pitals to get any patients if all ment of a wage dividend this year. low cornmeal, and Cream of Wheat. families were to plan like that, Jean! K D A K Page 11 Kodak Products: A Survey What is the Retina 1 Motion-Picture Fi I m-A large part of the film, both negative and posi- What does cardiographic film show? tive, used in Hollywood and in other What is the connection between Kodak and nail polish? professional motion-picture enter- prises is supplied by the Eastman There's a certain "Believe It or Not" quality about the wide Kodak Company. This volume bf business, amounting to several hun- range of the Eastman output. Even many long-service employees dred thousand miles a year, has been probably do not know how diversified the operations are and how attained by preserving a high stand- completely they supply the photographic needs of the world. ard of quality, by the work of our selling and service organizations, and The annual-report booklet, recently distributed to stockholders, by introducing improved products to contained a survey of the products. Approximately 4,600 persons meet the developments constantly taking place in the motion-picture employed by Kodak are stockholders as well, and therefore have industry. Super X Film, with a seen the product-survey; but many others have not. For that reason, "speed" excelling that of any material ever available to the cameramen, is an a similar outline is printed here. example within the past few months. Although this version is somewhat fuller than the original survey, X-Ray and Clinical Products- it is still no more than a list-with Just enough description to Any requirement for sensitized goods suggest the nature of each class of product. The most interesting in medical and dental x-ray work or clinical photography is met by the products will be treated separately from time to time in KoDAK with complete Eastman line in those fields. more detail- for the germ of many a fascinating story is hidden in The x-ray has become an indispen- sable instrument of diagnosis. In- this outline. dustrial radiography is also a growing market for x-ray film (see page 2). Kodaks and Roll Film-A com- The Kodascopes, for projecting movies at home, are as serviceable Intensifying screens to shorten ex- plete line of hand cameras is offered posures of x-ray film are provided as to its customers by the Eastman and well established as the Cine- Kodaks. an accessory. A clinical camera, and Kodak Company, extending from the cardiographic film to record electrical dollar "Baby Brownie" to the best Cine-Kodak Film of several types impulses indicating heart action, are equipped apparatus of the standard is supplied, including the new Koda- products for clinical use. Kodak Six-20 and Six-1 6 classes. The chrome Film for natural-color movies. needs of advanced amateur photog- Processing Cine-Kodak Film is an Professional Goods-To portrait raphers are further provided for by important Eastman service all over and commercial photographers, the the so-called Continental types of the world, with fifty stations operated Company .offers cameras, lenses, camera made by the Company, such by the Company to do that work. (Please turn to the next page) as the Recomars and several minia- ture instruments. In the latter group, the Kodak Duo Six-20 and the Kodak Retina are the newest. Roll film for the various cameras is supplied in four types: regular Kodak Film, Verichrome, Super Sensitive Panchromatic, Panatomic. The grow- ing popularity of snapshots by elec- tric light, and the increasing demand for proportionately great enlarge- ments from small negatives, made price reductions possible in 1934 in the most popular sizes of "SS Pan"- the abbreviated amateur name for Super Sensitive Panchromatic-and Panatomic, the films especially adapted to those uses. Cine-Kodak-Again, in the Cine- Kodak line of home-movie cameras, there is a wide range: the Cine- Kodaks Eight at one end, low in price and in film cost, yet capable of making excellent motion pictures; and at the top the versatile "custom-made" Cine-Kodak Special. Between these is the Cine-Kodak, Model K. Eastman lenses: aerial lens, Recordak lens--and a pen for comparison of size Page 12 K D A K

Kodak Products ments, customers' bills, and other (Continued from the preceding page) papers, and of complete files of news- papers, are made possible by the enlargers, printers, and lighting Recordak. equipment, as well as a very complete line of negative materials. Greatly Teaching Films-The Eastman increased use of photography in such Teaching Films Division of the Com- commercial pursuits . as advertising pany produces and distributes peda- has broadened the field for the gogically correct classroom motion Company's products. An addi- pictures in the 16-millimeter size, to tional source of professional business be used by schools and colleges for is news photography, for which ultra- the purposes of visual instruction. "fast" plates are provided. Related Industrial Materials - Accessories, Albums, Mounts- Chemicals related to the manufacture Accessories needed by amateur pho- of photographic film at two stages of tographers, amateur movie-makers, that process, sold to industrial users, professional photographers, and the form a substantial by-product busi- commercial finishers of amateur pic- ness. In solution form, these materials tures are supplied by the Company. are purchased by the makers of such A subsidiary, Taprell, Loomis & things as artificial leather, lacquers, Company, in Chicago, is engaged in adhesives, airplane-wing coatings, the production of a wide selection of nail polish, artificial flowers. In the photographic albums and a complete form of sheeting, the product goes line of mounts for photographic into automobile side curtains, trans- portraits. parent ticker tape, and unbreakable Photographic Paper - The 250 watch crystals, as well as many other types of photographic paper made by articles. A related product sold in Kodak-distinguished by purpose, finished form is Kodapak, a trans- degree of contrast, color, weight, parent wrapping material. texture, and action under develop- ment- supply the requirements of Synthetic Organic Chemicals- photographers of all classes, pro- More than 3,000 synthetic chemicals fessional and amateur, including the are prepared and stocked by the commercial photo-finishers. New kinds Kodak Research Laboratories. For of photographic paper are continually hundreds of universities and research being developed. institutions, this stock is the principal source of supply of small quantities Scientific Materials-By devising Motion-picture film ready lor shipment of complex organic substances to be and supplying highly specialized used in experimental work. materials, Kodak research has been Photographic Chemicals- Nearly the means of bringing photography a hundred Eastman Tested Chemicals Tennessee Eastman Products- to the assistance of scientific inves- for photographic processing are sold The Tennessee Eastman Corporation tigation in diverse and important in large and small quantities, provid- makes cellulose acetate for use in the fields. Plates sensitive to "far" ultra- ing for all needs of professional and manufacture of safety film at Kodak violet radiation have been useful par- amateur photography and of the mo- Park, and methanol (wood alcohol) ticularly in spectroscopy. Plates and tion-picture industry. Of the chemicals for use as a solvent of cellulose nitrate film sensitized to infra-red have made stocked, the Company manufactures at the Park. From cellulose acetate, important and interesting revelations all the developing agents and a large Tennessee Eastman also makes very (see "Photography Explores," begin- proportion of the other chemicals. large quantities of acetate yarn to be ning on page 1) . Aero Film, prepared sold for knitting and weaving into in wide rolls for airplane cameras, is a Lenses-The operations of the textiles; and plastic materials for the standard product among our materials Hawk-Eye Works extend from the manufacture of safety glass, auto- for fact-finding purposes. molding of finder lenses for inexpen- mobile hardware, combs, cosmetic sive cameras to the construction of compacts, and costume jewelry, and Graphic Arts Materials-Special precision lenses for long-range aerial for manufacturing a diversity of other sensitized goods and chemicals are photography. Exact work by ma- articles. By-products are lumber, manufactured for the use of photo- chinery in this field has been an impor- charcoal, wood oils, denaturants for engravers, lithographers, offset tant factor in reducing the price of alcohol, and certain other chemicals. workers, planographers, and roto- Kodaks and Cine-Kodaks over a gravure plants. Last year, Kodalith period of years, thus expanding their Plates and Kodalith Stripping Film market. Super-Speed were added to the pre- Boulder Dam on the Cover viously existing materials of the Recordak-In addition to the ser- The cover photograph was made by Kodalith line for this group of trades vices long rendered to banks in the Margaret Bourke-White, who rose in that serve the printing industry with photographing of checks, the Re- a few years from a college girl interested reproduction plates. The stripping film cordak Corporation, a subsidiary, in cameras to the highest ranks of makes possible the elimination of the has expanded its activities to the industrial photography. Those who old wet-plate process, which has been commercial and mercantile fields and heard her speak at a dinner at Kodak in use since the discovery of to the newspaper business. Photo- Park several years ago will remember photo-engraving fifty years ago. graphic records of valuable docu- that she is charming as well as able. K D A K Page 13

Where There Isn't a Will Calendar of Recreation Activities (Continued from Page 5) as the insurance beneficiary is advis- June 29-Camera Works annual family picnic at Seneca Park able, particularly where the amount July 13- Hawk-Eye annual picnic at Island Cottage is sufficient to warrant the estabhsh- ment of a trust fund. Other individual July 17-Kodak Park A. A. outdoor smoker and entertainment, for circumstances may likewise make men and women members, on the athletic field such a designation expedient. It should be remembered, however, July 27-Kodak Park golf tournament for men at Locust Hill and especially with reference to smaller estates, that such a designa- Early . August-Kodak Office Bridge Club annual picnic tion will inevitably cause delay in the insurance settlement, and that the ad- vantages provided by the law in eliminating insurance payable to an Employee Activities for some of them have been studying individual from the routine of the (Continued from Page 7) under the direction of skilled teachers Surrogate Court are lost. Insurance for three years. Others are just be- payable to an individual is exempt The Hawk-Eye Athletic Associa- ginning. On tournament nights they tion sponsors several other activities, play in "beginners" and "advanced" from claims of creditors against an es- as well, but we can only "hit the high tate. As part of the estate, it is not so groups, but at any of the parties held exempt. spots"-so let's go on to the Camera so frequently-and these Kodak Office Works. Look at your insurance policies bridge fans have the same leaning for today. Is the named beneficiary liv- Camera Works parties that prevails in the Camera ing? Have any other circumstances Club at Kodak Park-they all play These folks are interested in so developed that would make a change together. If turnout is any indication, advisable? Is there any reason for many activities that it's pretty hard there must be something to this bridge to select any one or two for descrip- business. changing the beneficiary? tion. Bowling seems to hold first All along the route we have heard place, however, with its three leagues interesting bits of information- about Not Only Married Men and eighteen teams. And from all book clubs, golf tournaments, shuffle- accounts the Girls' Bowling League The article on wills has been board, volley ball, swimming, danc- prepared primarily from the view- makes the hardy men look to their ing, parties, movies, and so on-all laurels. point of employees who are mar- activities worth investigating. One ried men. Very often it is equally The girls are great swimmers, too. investigation deserves another-but They have a club that meets two important for women and for men this job of investigating is much too who are not married to make a nights a week from November 1st to good to use up all at once. June 1st. (They're not polar bears. will. Consultation on the subject, They use an indoor pool.) as described on page 5, is available It doesn't take clever sleuthing to Extra ! Extra ! ! to all employees. learn about a girls' party, a men's Night baseball at Kodak Park! smoker, an annual family picnic, and Softball games under lights! If there is a reason to make a ever so many jolly Camera Works With seven towers circling the change of beneficiary for your group affairs; all directed, as you've prob- Park athletic field, the ball team will life insurance, the necessary forms ably suspected, by the Camera Works begin playing night games next month, are available in the plant employ- Recreation Club. according to an announcement by ment departments; or they may be We are again so near to Kodak the Kodak Park Athletic Association. obtained from the Industrial Rela- Office that we'll just complete the That fast infield work will be illumi- tions Department or the Employee tour by popping in to see if anything nated by 25 candle power for every Benefit Department at the Kodak has happened in our absence. square foot of ground. The outfielders Office. Representatives of these de- will snare flies by the light of 16 candle Bridge partments are always glad to consult power. Plenty of light for players with employees on any individual It has. This isn't the night to hear and spectators! problems in connection with these the chorus practicing "in a singing Exhibition soccer games may also be matters. style." We find , instead, row upon row played under the floodlights. of tables, with four pairs of feet under Illumination will be turned on for each. Contract, of course. the first time early next month and Tho 1935 Kodak Park softball team, ready for action: left to right, Tinsman, Yurgealitis, Dreschmidt, Cooney, Russell, Many of these people are real the event will be celebrated with an Heckel, Gears, Leo Gallagher, Witzigman, James experts-or at least they ought to be- exhibition game or two. Gallagher, Coogan, Scheid, and Minella, the manager Page 14 K D A K

Photography Explores (Continued from Page 3) Sometimes it is ultra-violet rays that carry unexpected information into the camera. Sometimes, again, it is infra-red rays that solve the puzzle. In any case, Kodak's sensi- tized materials are silently ready to receive the information. Here's another case. We heard a lot about censorship in theWar - yet there was really nothing new in it. A number of the world's great museums possess valuable manu- scripts with parts made illegible by the heavy ink . streaks of censors who wielded their brushes hundreds of years ago. In his search for a means by which he could penetrate the censors' dense ink, Dr. L. Bendikson of the Hunting- ton Library, near Los Angeles, came upon the possibilities of photography. If the pigment in the obliterating marks, he reasoned, were a different material from the pigment in the orig- inal printing ink of the manuscripts, it might be possible that the censor's Mme. Plaster faces two electric irons in the dark and has her portrait token in the Research Laboratories: a "picture ink would transmit infra-red when by heat" on a plate sensitized to invisible infra-red rays the original printing would not. That The Company's photographic ma- In the Kodak Research Labora- might be true, he thought, even terials sensitive to infra-red radiation tories, one day, a lady sat for her though both inks absorb visible light -which is invisible to the eye-are picture. She had to be a plaster cast so that in an ordinary photograph responsible for numerous strange rather than one of the many pleasing the deleted passages appear as nothing results. models who were available, because but dense black lines. Photographs in the dark, and the sitting was to last an hour. Dr. Bendikson acted upon the sug- photographs taken by heat instead of In place of the bright lights one gestion, and he was successful. The light, are among the strangest. usually finds in a portrait studio, result: a photographic print of an Light and heat are closely related. Mme. Plaster faced nothing but two original page with the censor's ink Both are electromagnetic waves. electric irons. They were carefully almost completely eliminated and The difference is that we see light pointed in her direction. Then the with sentences appearing clearly that and we feel heat. Photographic ma- current was turned on, the lights off. for three centuries had lain hidden terials originally could not "see" even The photographer's patience could (illustration on page 1). The infra-red so much as an eye could. Since the not match that of his subject; but plate "saw" the manuscript as an eye War, however, dyes have been found the hour passed. The plate was would see one that had been "cen- that would sensitize plates so that processed. Result: a softly illumi- sored" with only a clear red dye. they could "see" heat as well as light. nated portrait- a "picture by heat''

By the courtesy of Raymond Davis, U.S. Bureau of Standards Valuable papers charred by fire need no longer be considered destroved, for photographic materials can restore their contents K D A K Page 15

These few examples of unexpected things that photography is doing- suggesting to the imagination a bit of what it may do in the future-are of course only a fraction of the things being done by our science in this world's work. . . . But what about the other planets? It really doesn't very much matter if rockets or radio messages ever pass between the Earth and our neighbor- A "picture" of carbon .. dioxide gas on Venus .... By turning the dial knob, a radio is tuned to different wave lengths. By ing planets-as hard-headed scientists treating photographic plates and films with various dyes, it is possible to make them respond to particular wave lengths of are inclined to believe they won't. light: in other words, to "tune them in" lo longer or shorler wave lengths .... The heavenly bodies can be likened to Already we have our fair share of broadcasting stations giving oul waves of different wave lengths. In the sa me way that a radio listener knows it is WHAM he has picked up because his set had been tuned to the right wave length for thai station, so an astronomer can tell that a knowledge of our heavenly neighbors "spectro- -and photography is the reporter. certain material is present in a star-by the wave lengths recorded on specially sensitized plates exposed in a graph" to light coming through a telescope . .. . But in the case of Venus, the situation the reverse. Venus reflects Kodak has led the way with ma- sunlight, and therefore has the same spectrum; but between Venus and the spectrograph is the carbon dioxide in the terials for astronomical photography; atmosphere of the planet. This absorbs some part of the reflected sunlight, thus causing the appearance of groups of lines but with one planet and one discovery in the spectrum of Venus. It was by comparing these "absorption lines 11 in the 11 near infra-red" region oF the spectrum of Venus-comparing them with absorption lines found when sunlight was passed through a very long tube containing we have a pa rticularly close carbon-dioxide gas under pressure-that the discovery of considerable quantities of that element in our neighboring relationship. planet's atmosphere was made .... The absorption lines denoting carbon dioxide in the illustration are marked with dots Venus, our "next door" neighbor, beneath. (The lower two strips are from Venus.) Notice that those lines are not found in the spectrogram of the sun, shrouds herself in an air of mystery: the upper strip. There is no carbon dioxide on the sun .... If you have fully understood this, go to the head of the class. specifically, an unbroken layer of cloud. All the information that as- A list of interesting ideas put into tronomers could record was indirect That's the Way (Continued frorn Page 6) effect through the Suggestion System information, for the planet itself male members of the organization. could go on almost indefinitely; but Miss Mary Sherlock, of the Camera it must stop with one last instance Works, decided during the course of of "thinking on the job." her work in assembling eyelets on an The traditional ingenuity of good air-staking machine that the same craftsmen permitted S. J. Amidon, air staker could assemble both the of Kodak Park, to make a suggestion vertical and the horizontal finders. for prolonging the life of ball bearings Following out her suggestion, as- and roller bearings. His idea-arising sembling fixtures were altered and from observation during the course both operations were performed on of his daily duties- was to lacquer or the same machine. enamel the inside of all gear cases Miss Evelyn Studley, of the Sun- containing bearings. That, he rea- dries Department at Kodak Park, soned, would prevent abrasive from Root-rot in a colton· field; from the ground, indistinguish- likewise made a suggestion that becoming embedded in those surfaces able; in an aerial photograph, two distinct patches-one during the process of cleaning, and large and irregular, one a small circle just beyond. The would save time-and would elimi- picture was taken by the Texas Agricultural Experiment nate the danger of scorched hands later mixing with the lubricating oil. Substation at Temple, Texas and damaged product. It was a The suggestion was adopted; the matter of constructing a fine-mesh bearings are expected to last 50 or could not be photographed. Therefore, screen to cover the bottom of an 75 per cent longer; and perhaps any information gained became very oven so that cans and covers being Mr. Amidon shares some of the satis- important. Thus we get back to dried in the oven could no longer faction of the pioneer printers as he Kodak's infra-red-sensitive plates. slip through and have to be fished out. goes about his duties in Field Gang 2. In recent years the Research Lab- oratories have been making emulsions that were more and more sensitive to A Soccer Saga: Four Fierce Foes Flattened rays from this "near infra-red" part of the spectrum. In 1933, some of 'Ere they quit their mother's rocker Sweet revenge our boys were wishing these extraordinary plates went from Kodak Park boys know their soccer. When the Simons next came fishing. Rochester to the Mount Wilson Ob- Here's no story from a knocker: Kodak's pail gave them a swishing, servatory in California. Those simple Listen what they did Doused them down and up. glass rectangles, sensitized at Kodak First they faced the lurking dangers Yes, we paid 'em back with interest; Park, held an important key to the Of the fast MacNaughton Rangers; Trimmed them still another contest. mystery:- Yet they neatly beat the strangers- Now we proudly sport the Northwest Venus' atmosphere contains carbon Put 'em on the skid. New York Challenge Cup! dioxide! No astronomer before had been Celtics were the second victim- Boy! What a successful season! able to determine that; but spectrum Our lads needed goals, so kicked 'em; Any team that's skids need greasin', lines on the plates proved it. Carbon Then took Syracuse and licked 'em Lead us to 'em. "There's a reason." dioxide on Venus! That may sound By a whopping score. K. P. takes 'em all. dull . . . or it may mean that there Now they tried to crack a tough nut: Play glad music on the oca- will be life on Venus in some distant Met the Simon Pures, and what glut- Rina. Celebrate our soccer future; for where carbon dioxide is Tons were they for punishment; but Teamsters' very fancy flock o' present life may follow. Soon went back for more. Victories with that ball. Page 16 K D A K The Memorial to Mr. Eastman at Kodak Park

Medals Recognizing 25 Years of Service Will Be Awarded Annually WHE N the memorial to the founder given to each employee who has been and annually they will be presented of the Eastman Kodak Company in the service of the Company for to the employees thus qualifying to was dedicated at Kodak Park last 25 years or more, as a constant re- receive them. fall, Dr. Rush Rhees said in his minder of Eastman's recognition of Medals in 1934 were distributed on dedication address: "On this day, a the part played in Kodak's success by this continent only; but at the time of bronze medal with George Eastman's the whole body of loyal colleagues in dedicating the memorial a bronze bas- portrait on the face, and on the back the factories, business offices, and relief portrait of Mr. Eastman was the name of the recipient, is being sales centers, throughout the world." erected in each Kodak plant abroad. Nearly a thousand medals were distributed to the 25-year employees in the United States and Canada at that time. In other words, one in every sixteen persons in the Kodak organization in the two countries had been an Eastman employee for the necessary 25 years. Awarding of these medals-al- though the memorial-dedication was the occasion for commencing their distribution- will not, however, be confined to employees who had 25 years of service by 1934. Every year new medals from the same die will be struck for employees reaching the 25-year point during the year, June, the wedding month. . beautiful and effe~:tive picture of The photograph is distinguished for its realistic reproduction ofthe delicate wedding satin, typical of the best in commercial photography, was made texture and for its play of light and shadow. The photographer's imaginative to advertise the Eastman Acetate Yarn frc m which the fabric was woven. use of calla lilies and a wedding ring tells a vivid story-without-words.

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