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The Complex Life of Rudolph Matas View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector The complex life of Rudolph Matas John Ochsner, MD, New Orleans, La I am fortunate to have known Dr Matas for many between Brownsville, Tex, and New Orleans. Using years. I can vividly recall as a child spending many days Butler’s position, they were able to get these supplies during the Mardi Gras season at his home to review the through the Union blockade. After many trips, Narciso parades. I also had the opportunity to read to him later in became a very wealthy man. Needless to say, the life when his eyesight failed. Confederate New Orleanians were not fond of Narciso The life of Rudolph Matas was unique and compli- Matas. They felt he was a traitor. Before the end of the cated.1 He was one of the most scholarly individuals who war, Narciso took his fortune and family back to ever lived and was a medical pioneer extraordinaire. Catalonia. Unfortunately, he invested his money in a rail- Because of time constraints, I will not dwell on his profes- way project that was wrecked by the Spanish political sional life, but highlight his personal life, which unfortu- empire. Therefore, he needed to return to America in the nately was filled with tragedies and heartaches. To hope that he could recoup his fortune. At this time in New understand the man, one must also understand his family. Orleans, the yellow fever epidemic was rampant, and Rudolph Matas’ father, Narciso Matas, was born in the Narciso began working with all available medical person- Catalonian region of Spain. At the age of 19, he fell in love nel in the care of epidemic victims. Shortly thereafter, with a lady named Teresa Jorda. He did not find out until young Rudolph contracted the disease. He survived the the day of their wedding that she was 10 years older than illness and built up immunity to the disease. After the epi- he, and although unhappy with the prospect of marrying demic slackened, Narciso accepted an invitation to prac- a woman that much older, he prevented any adverse reac- tice among his old wartime friends in Matamoros, Mexico, tion by proceeding with the marriage, which unfortu- on the Texas border. In 1869, a daughter (Elvira) was nately turned out to be an unhappy experience. The same born. By this time, Teresa and Narciso were having a try- year as their marriage, they traveled to New Orleans ing time in their marriage, and Teresa indoctrinated Elvira because they heard of great opportunities from Teresa’s as her ally. The two became staunch Catholics, devoting uncle, who was a successful businessman living there. their life to the church. They remained hostile toward Narciso entered the newly organized New Orleans Narciso throughout their lives and later even became hos- College of Medicine and received a doctorate in both tile toward Rudolph. pharmacy and medicine. With financial help from Teresa’s At 17, Rudolph went from Matamoros to New uncle, Narciso set up a pharmacy. In 1860, Narciso and Orleans to enter the University of Louisiana (the prede- Teresa had their first child, a daughter, who died shortly cessor to Tulane University). During his second year in after birth. The next year, their pharmacy was destroyed medical school, his mother and father separated, she by fire. Left impoverished, Narcisco took a job as the doc- claiming promiscuity and infidelity. From all accounts, tor on a sugar plantation in Bonnet Carre, La, about 30 Narciso Matas was a very intelligent, debonair man who miles up the Mississippi River from New Orleans. It was liked women, and his age being 40 and hers 50 did not here on September 12, 1860, that Rudolph Matas was help their relationship. Mrs Matas and her daughter born. He was baptized Rudolphe, but his name was even- moved to New Orleans to live with Rudolph. tually anglicized to Rudolph. While Rudolph was in medical school, the Yellow Rudolph was born during the Civil War, and New Fever Commission, known as the Chaille Commission, Orleans was occupied on December 15, 1862, by the was sent to Havana, Cuba (Fig 1). Dr Chaille, then the Union military forces under the command of General dean of the medical school, invited young Matas to go Benjamin Butler. General Butler was not liked by the New along as a clerk and help in interpretation, because Matas Orleanians because he did not treat them kindly and used was fluent in Spanish. Unfortunately, the commission did his position to fill his personal coffer. Rudolph Matas’ not come up with a solution to the mystery of yellow father, Narciso, befriended General Butler’s brother, fever; however, they did preserve the photomicrographs of Colonel Andrew Butler, and together they traded cattle, tissue obtained at autopsies. Some time later, Dr Carlos flour, wagons, tobacco, rum, and other valuable goods Finlay, a highly educated Cuban, studied these photomi- crographs and recognized the pathology was vascular injury. He suggested that the mosquito transmitted the From the Ochsner Clinic. Competition of interest: nil. disease and that the disease was spread by the female culex J Vasc Surg 2001;34:387-92. mosquito. Dr Finlay delivered a paper in 1881 entitled Reprint requests: John L. Ochsner, MD, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson “The Mosquito Hypothetically Considered as the Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121. Transmitter of Yellow Fever.” There was no discussion of Copyright © 2001 by The Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery. the paper. However, Dr Matas read the paper, thought it 0741-5214/2001/$35.00 + 0 24/6/118089 very interesting and the mosquito theory possibly true, doi:10.1067/mva.2001.118089 and translated the paper for the New Orleans Medical and 387 JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY 388 Ochsner September 2001 Fig 1. Members of the Chaille Yellow Fever Commission. Arrow points to Dr Matas. Reprinted with permission from Cohn I. Rudolph Matas: a biography of one of the great pioneers in surgery. Garden City (NY): Doubleday; 1960. Fig 2. Mrs Teresa Matas and her daughter, Elvira. Surgical Journal. Of interest, in the same issue, Dr Henry Tucson, Ariz, and remarried. Rudolph’s mother and Elvira Stone, a well-known New Orleans physician, attributed were bitter and vindictive women who attempted to dom- yellow fever to the electrical charges brought about by inate Rudolph and prevent him from corresponding with telephone lines. Dr Matas was obsessed with yellow fever his father. However, Dr Matas was very fond of and throughout his life, because it occupied so much of his admired his father and never severed their relationship. medical practice, and he was one of a few physicians who One of the most important days of Rudolph Matas’ championed Finlay’s hypothesis. It was Walter Reed’s life was when he was making rounds at Charity Hospital 1900 Yellow Fever Commission in Cuba that finally and an intern told him there was a patient named Captain proved the mosquito theory. Dr Matas wrote a brochure Goslee, who was not the sort of person one usually finds for the city of New Orleans’ sanitation department on how in a charity hospital, particularly with a wife and daughter to prevent being bitten by mosquitos, to use netting, and of such character and distinguished background. When Dr to prevent stagnant water. Matas got to the patient’s bed, he was immediately Dr Matas became a doctor of medicine when he was 19 enthralled with the looks of the daughter (Fig 3), the years of age. Although his father did not come to New beauty of which he had never seen before, and later that Orleans for the graduation, he sent a most glowing letter he looked on as one he would love forever. Mrs Goslee of congratulations and love for his son. He sent him a gold was from a very prominent Parisian family, and Captain watch and chain, an ivory-handled cane, and a diamond Goslee was a dashing man who was a Confederate naval ring. This was after his father had lost all of his money, so war hero. However, after the war, as a riverboat pilot, his this was obviously a financial burden. He stated, “Please income dwindled when the railroads absorbed more and accept them, my dear son, not only as a token of the love more traffic, and shortly thereafter, his health gave way. and admiration of your father, but also as a reward of merit Adrienne, the daughter, was married to Arthur Landry, a for your good deportment during the procession of your prosperous liquor dealer, and he had to support the fam- studies, and your exemplary life while a student.” He ily. Rudolph made many house calls while Captain Goslee signed it “From your father who loves you dearly.” His was progressively dying, and although he rarely saw mother and sister attended the graduation, but showed no Adrienne, he could not rid himself of her image. By day evidence of pride. Dr Matas was given an award as the class’ and night he thought of her as he described her buxom best student, and the famous Dr Samuel Gross of beauty, fathomless eyes, and hair darker than black wal- Philadelphia, founder of the American Surgical Association nuts. Captain Goslee eventually died of gastrointestinal and the American Medical Association, gave the gradua- cancer. tion address. Dr Matas thought of Adrienne in all of his spare Dr Matas opened an office, and in a short time moments. His yearning for her was always made worse by finances ceased to be a problem.
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