Igor Strawinsky Le Rossignol Jukka-Pekka Saraste

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Igor Strawinsky Le Rossignol Jukka-Pekka Saraste IGOR STRAWINSKY LE ROSSIGNOL MOJCA ERDMANN WDR RUNDFUNKCHOR WDR SINFONIEORCHESTER JUKKA-PEKKA SARASTE LE ROSSIGNOL (Solovey) Text: Igor Strawinsky und Stepan Mitusow nach Hans Christian Andersen IGOR STRAWINSKY Le Rossignol . Mojca Erdmann Le Pêcheur . Evgeny Akimov La Cuisinière . Marina Prudenskaya L’Empereur . Vladimir Vaneev Le Chambellan . Tuomas Pursio Le Bonze . Fyodor Kuznetsov La Mort . Mayram Sokolova Les Envoyés japonais . Joachim Streckfuß und Hee-Kwang Lee WDR Rundfunkchor Köln WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln JUKKA-PEKKA SARASTE IGOR STRAWINSKY (1882 – 1971) Le Rossignol Premier Acte 1 Introduction 3’09 Névod brosálnebésnyi dukh 2 Porté au vent, tombant au loin 3’50 Le Pêcheur Akh! S néba vysotý blesnúv zvezdá upála 3 Ah, quand du ciel tomba la rayonnante étoile 2’07 Le Rossignol · Le Pêcheur Vot i dostígli my opúshki lésa 4 Voici l’endroit, près de ces arbres en fleur 3’33 La Cuisinière · Courtisans · Le Chambellan · Le Bonze Solóvushko, nash nesravnénneishii 5 Beau rossignol, incomparable oiseau 3’25 Le Chambellan · Le Bonze · Le Rossignol · Courtisans Le Pêcheur Deuxième Acte Ognyá, ognyá, ognyá zhivéi ognyá! 6 Des feux, des feux, bien vite, illuminez! 2’03 Chœur · La Cuisinière · Le Chambellan 7 Marche chinoise Velíki Imperátor O maître magnanime 3’34 Le Chambellan Akh! Sérdtse dóbroe 8 Ah ! joie, emplis mon cœur (Chanson du rossignol) 3’57 Le Rossignol · L’Empereur · Les Courtisans Le Chambellan Kogdá sólntse zashló 9 Au coucher du soleil 1’24 Les Envoyés japonais Tsk, tsk… Klyu, klyu… Éto shto? 10 Psst, psst, qu’est-ce donc? (Jeu du rossignol mécanique) 3’43 Les Courtisans · L’Empereur · Le Chambellan La voix du Pêcheur Troisième Acte My vse pred tobói 11 Vois-nous rassemblés 3’31 Les Spectres · L’Empereur Akh zdes’, ya zdes’ 12 Ah, me voici, o prince magnanime 2’21 Le Rossignol · L’Empereur Mne slú’ nrávitsya 13 Ah, j’aime à t’écouter 4’49 La Mort · Le Rossignol · L’Empereur (Cortège solennel) – Zdrávstvuite! – Sólntse vzoshló 14 Bonjour à tous ! – Le clair soleil 2’38 L’Empereur · Le Pêcheur Pribaoutki (Chansons plaisantes) 15 I Kornilo (L’Oncle Armand) 0’53 16 II Nataska (Le Four) 0’25 17 III Polkovnik (Le Colonel) 0’52 18 IV Starets i Zayats (Le Vieux et le lièvre) 2’12 Katrin Wundsam Mitglieder des WDR Sinfonieorchesters Köln Jukka-Pekka Saraste Deux Poèmes de Paul Verlaine 19 I La bonne chanson 3’22 20 II Sagesse 1’43 Hans Christoph Begemann WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln Jukka-Pekka Saraste „Schlummernde Erinnerungen“ – Strawinskys „russische“ Periode Le Rossignol schluss der Partitur, galt Strawinsky mit seinen Arbeiten für Serge Diaghi - Die Lieder und Gedichte seiner Kind- lews legendäre Ballets russes selbst heit hat Igor Strawinsky, Sohn eines als international beachteter Kompo- St . Petersburger Opernsängers, nie nist . vergessen . Um 1914 beschäftigte er sich besonders intensiv mit ihnen, als Gefiederte Zaubergeschöpfe hatten wollte er ein untergehendes Paradies in Russland Tradition: Rimsky-Korsa - beschwören: Die Kriegsnachrichten kows Politparabel im Märchenge - bewegten mich sehr, erinnerte sich wand Der goldene Hahn setzt die Strawinsky, nur die Freude, die es mir Naturkraft des Tieres gegen einen machte, mich in die Lektüre der rus - korrupten Hofstaat, verpackt in ei - sischen Volkspoesie zu versenken, nen betörenden Rausch der Orches- brachte mir damals hin und wieder terfarben . In Der Feuervogel, Stra- Vergessen. Strawinsky hielt sich da - winskys erster Diaghilew-Ballettmu- mals bereits in der Schweiz auf – dass sik, entmachtet der Vogel mit seinen dieses temporäre Exil durch die Zeit - magischen Kräften einen bösen Zau- läufe ein dauerhaftes wurde, konn- berer . Auch Le Rossignol stellt dieses te er damals nicht ahnen . Erst als Thema aus: In Andersens Märchen, 80-Jähriger sollte er seine Heimat das Strawinsky seit seiner Kindheit wiedersehen . liebte, führt die Nachtigall den kran- ken Kaiser von China zur Selbstein - Noch kurz vor Kriegsausbruch, im Mai sicht . Mit ihrem zauberischen Gesang 1914, wurde Le Rossignol (Die Nach - rettet sie ihn vor dem Tod, obwohl sie tigall) in Paris uraufgeführt . Im Zeit- zuvor durch die sinnenleere Mecha - raum von fünf Jahren, über den sich nik einer künstlichen Nachtigall aus die Arbeit an der kurzen Oper nach dem Palast vertrieben worden war . Andersens Märchen Die Nachtigall Wahre Kunst, so die Botschaft, hat erstreckt hatte, war Strawinsky der keinen Aufputz nötig . Strawinskys far- Karrieredurchbruch gelungen . Als er benprächtige Partitur kontrastiert 1908 mit der Komposition begonnen die bombastisch-exotische Welt des hatte, war ihm noch Der goldene Hofstaats mit der reinen Sphäre der Hahn seines Lehrers Rimski-Korsakow Nachtigall . Ihr zur Seite steht eine ein Vorbild gewesen . 1913, bei Ab - weitere naturverbundene Figur: der Fischer . Nachtigall und Fischer wer - ner bizarren Etikette. Die Chinoiserien den durch geschmeidig flutende des Kaiserpalastes hüllte Strawinsky Melodik charakterisiert, während die in puppenhafte Porzellan-Pentato- Personen des Hofstaats durch ecki- nik, geschärfte Instrumentationsef- ge Intervalle, verfremdete pentatoni- fekte und karikierende Rituale, in de- sche Skalen und polytonale Konfusi- nen das gebetsmühlenartig wieder- on in eine satirische Sphäre rücken . holte „Tsing Pé!” des Bonzen und die grotesken Intervallsprünge des Kam- Die beiden musikalisch deutlich von - merherrn den Ton angeben . In die- einander getrennten Welten der Na - sen Szenen schnurrt eine geschäf - turwesen und des Palasts resultieren tige Mechanik ab, die das Geschenk aber auch aus der längeren Schaf - der künstlichen Nachtigall mit ihren fenspause während der Komposition . tadel-, aber seelenlosen Tonrepeti - 1909 hatte Strawinsky lediglich den tionen bestens integriert . Schließlich 1 . Akt fertiggestellt; erst 1913 setzte er führte Strawinsky die heterogenen die Arbeit durch einen Auftrag der Musiksprachen durch eine Klammer Freien Bühne in Moskau fort . Aber zusammen: Der Fischer führt als Kom - nach Petruschka und Le Sacre du mentator durch das Stück, sodass Printemps konnte er den Faden von auch seine impressionistisch glitzern- einst nicht ohne Weiteres aufneh - de musikalische Sprache immer prä- men: Meine musikalische Sprache sent bleibt . Im deutlichen Kontrast hatte sich seitdem erheblich gewan- dazu steht die kristallklar kammermu- delt, und ich fürchtete, dass die Mu - sikalisch reduzierte Szene zwischen sik der folgenden Bilder durch ihren Tod und Nachtigall mit ihren spitzen neuen Geist sich zu sehr von der des Nadelstichen der Pizzicati und Flage- Prologs unterscheiden würde. oletts . Aus der stilistischen Not machte Stra- Große Teile der Rossignol-Partitur zei- winsky eine dramaturgische Tugend, gen Strawinskys Liebe zum Tanz: die indem er auf bewussten Kontrast der wortlosen Passagen, Märsche und Ausdrucksebenen setzte: Der Wald Prozessionen sind orchestrale Bra - mit der Nachtigall, die reine Seele vournummern, die sich zur pantomi- des Kindes, das von ihrem Gesang mischen oder tänzerischen Ausge - bezaubert wird, diese ganze zarte staltung anbieten . Es war wie eine Poesie von Andersen kann nicht in Fügung des Schicksals, dass die ur- der gleichen Weise behandelt wer - sprünglich vorgesehene Moskauer den wie der chinesische Hof mit sei - Bühne in Konkurs ging, noch bevor er die Partitur fertiggestellt hatte . Dia- hierin liegt die poetische Kraft des ghilew griff mit Freuden zu, und so Nachtigallengesangs, der sogar den wurde auch Le Rossignol in der Pa- Tod besiegt . Anders als das artifizielle riser Heimat der Ballets russes unter Spiel des mechanischen Doppelgän- der musikalischen Leitung von Pierre gers, den Strawinsky durch die sche- Monteux uraufgeführt . Regie führte matischen Repetitionen einer Oboe der Choreograf Boris Romanow, Büh- darstellt, hat die echte Nachtigall nenbild und Kostüme entwarf Ale - eine seelenvolle, spontane Stimme . xandre Benois . Dessen exotischer Ju- Ihre Koloraturen und Arabesken oszil- gendstil, der die ästhetischen Diffe - lieren zwischen großer und kleiner renzen der Musik eher glättete denn Terz, singen vom Leben ebenso wie schärfte, beeindruckte bei der Pre- vom Tod, von der ewigen Schönheit miere . Doch die ungewöhnliche Kürze, der Sterne wie vom friedvollen Gar - die nicht-lineare Erzählstruktur und ten der Toten . Der nächtliche Ge - nicht zuletzt der mittlerweile ausge - sang des Vogels wird vom Sonnen - brochene 1 . Weltkrieg erschwerten aufgang abgelöst, doch Strawinsky die Bühnenkarriere von Le Rossignol . verweigert die triumphale Apothe - Mit der später ebenfalls vertanzten ose . Sein Stück verhallt im pianissimo Suite Le Chant du Rossignol eroberte – unspektakulär wie das Äußere der sich die Musik aber ab 1919 doch die Nachtigall . Konzertsäle . Das Märchensujet sollte nicht darü - Pribaoutki (Chansons plaisantes) ber hinwegtäuschen, dass Le Ros- signol eine äußerst anspruchsvolle Die Verse der russischen Volkspoe - Partitur ist: mit einem großen Orches- sie hatten etwas Verführerisches für terapparat inklusive reichem Schlag- mich durch die Verknüpfung der zeug, Celesta, Gitarre und Mando - Worte und Silben, so Strawinsky . Es line sowie einem überaus virtuosen war nicht so sehr die Melodik als die Sopranpart, gespickt mit brillanten Deklamation der Worte, die ihn inspi- Kadenzen und gestalterischen He - rierte . Im Sommer 1914, unmittelbar rausforderungen – denn so äthe - vor Ausbruch des 1 . Weltkriegs, kom- risch rein die Vokalisen der Nachti - ponierte er in der Schweiz Scherz - gall auch klingen sollen, müssen sie lieder auf Texte von Alexander Afa- doch über
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