DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,177,008 Kampen 45) Date of Patent: Jan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,177,008 Kampen 45) Date of Patent: Jan IIII USOO51 77008A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,177,008 Kampen 45) Date of Patent: Jan. 5, 1993 54 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING 5,019,263 5/1991 Haag et al. ..................... 210/500.25 ETHANOL AND FOR RECOVERING GLYCEROL, SUCCINIC ACID, LACTIC ACID, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS BETAINE, POTASSIUM SULFATE, AND 51-039625 5/1976 Japan ...................................., 101/OO FREE FLOWING DISTILLER'S DRY GRAIN 55-045067 ll/1980 Japan ..................................... 10/2 AND SOLUBLES OR A SOLID FERTILIZER THEREFROM OTHER PUBLICATIONS Chico et al., "L. Alanine as an end product of glycolyi Inventor: Willem H. Kampen, 447 Blue Rock sis in saccharomyces-cerevisiae growing under differ Dr., Charlotte, N.C. 28213 ent hypoxic conditiones," CA79: 177022 Bioss. 1978. Appl. No.: 537,779 "Recovery of Chemicals Such as Glycerol, Dextrose, and Amino Acids from Dilute Broths', Brian D. Burris, Filed: Jun. 18, 1990 pp. 1-39. Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner-Robert J. Warden Assistant Examiner-Timothy M. McMahon Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 381,179, Jul. 18, 1989, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 136,415, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Rhodes, Coats & Bennett Dec. 22, 1987, abandoned. (57) ABSTRACT Int. Cl. ................................................ G2P 7/20 This invention relates to the manufacture of ethanol and U.S. C. .................................... 435/139; 435/145 the recovery of economically significant amounts of 435/146; 435/59: 435/16 such by-products therefrom as glycerol, betaine, L (58) Field of Search ............... 435/139, 141, 145, 146, pyroglutamic acid, succinic and lactic acid, potassium 435/159, 161, 163 sulfate and a free flowing distiller's dry grain and solu bles useful as an animal feed or a component of food for (56) References Cited humans or as a premix for agricultural fertilizer and/or U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS a feed additive. An important aspect of the recovery 2, 69.245 8/1939 Hildebrandt et al. ..............., 195/38 step is the utilization of a crossflow microfiltration sys 2,772.207 1/1956 Frankel et al. ..... ... 195/38 tem which includes inorganic membranes for the classi 4,336,335 6/982 Muller et al. ....................... 435/33 fication of the stillage. 4,359,430 l/1982 Heikkila et al. ... 260/5013 4,689,048 8/1987 Fortsch et al. ...................... 210/650 37 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets PREPARE MAS CEAN BACKSET OSTELATON ETHANo. (CENTRIFUGING) MICROF TRATION (PARTAL SOFTENING) (HYDROLYSIS OF SOLIDS DRYNG PROTEINACEOUS MAERA (OR) EWAPORATON ION EXCHANGE POTASSUMSUFATE REMOVA CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION - EWAPORATION KON EXCHANGE - cg3NSSRARS (ION EXCHANGE) EWAPORATION CONCENTRATION PURIFICATION DISTILLATKON EWAPORATION L-PYROG UAMC REFINING ACD SUCCNC BETAINE LACTIC - LACID ACID U.S. Patent Jan. 5, 1993 Sheet 1 of 2 5,177,008 PREPARE MASH CLEAN BACKSET DISTILLATION ETHANOL (CENTRIFUGING) MSEESNPARTIAL SOFTENING SOLDS DRYIN EFSF Sious OLIDS DRYING (OR) SOLID PREMIXFERTLIZER DDG(S) EVAPORATION CONDENSATE ION EXCHANGE POTASSUM SULFATE REMOVAL CHROMATOGRAPHCSEPARATION F EVAPORATION ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHC SEPAPARATION(S) EVAPORATION (ON EXCHANGE) CONCENTRATION PURIFICATION DISTILLATION EVAPORATION L-PYROGLUTAMC REFINING ACD acrossGLYCEROL SUCCNC estangBETANE LACTIC F.G. U.S. Patent Jan. 5, 1993 Sheet 2 of 2 5,177,008 PREPARING MASH FROM SUGAR BEET MOLASSES CLEAN BACKSET DISTILLATION ETHANOL MCROFILTRATION SOLDS DRYNG ENZYMATC HYDOLYSS FERTLIZER PRE-MX PROTEINACEOUS MATTER EVAPORATION CONDENSATE K2SO4 REMOVAL CHROMATOGRAPHC SEPARATION I. EVAPORATION EVAPORATION EVAPORATION CHROMATOGRAPHC SEPARATION II BETAINE REMOVAL ION EXCHANGE / EVAPORATION DISTILLATION / REFINING GLYCERNE BETAINE (HC) FIG.2 5,177,008 1 2 "Recovery of Chemicals Such as Glycerol, Dextrose, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ETHANOL and Amino Acids from Dilute Broths' which was AND FOR RECOVERING GLYCEROL, SUCCINIC presented to the "International Conference on Fuel ACID, LACTIC ACID, BETAINE, POTASSIUM Alcohols and Chemical from Biomass' on Nov. 10-12, SULFATE, AND FREE FLOWING DISTILLER'S 5 1986 in Miami Beach, Fla. The process there disclosed DRY GRAIN AND SOLUBLES OR A SOLID includes a very precise sequence of operations including FERTILIZER THEREFROM ultrafiltration (organic membranes with pore size of <0.1 microns), pH adjustment, filtration, ion exclusion, RELATED APPLICATIONS ion exchange, and carbon treatment. This sequence of This application is a continuation-in-part of copend O operations has not proven to provide a commercially ing application Ser. No. 381,179 filed Jul. 18, 1989, feasible glycerol recovery process. which is, in turn, a continuation-in-part of copending Betaine production is, by way of example, discussed application Ser. No. 136,415 filed 22 Dec. 1987, now in U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,430 to Heikkila et al; Japanese abandoned the priority of which is claimed. Patent No. 51/039625; and Japanese Patent No. 15 80/045067. While the production of betaine from sugar FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE beet molasses is a known commercially feasible process INVENTION as described in the above listed patents, it is not known This invention relates to the manufacture of glycerol, to produce betaine from stillage. This is because of a betaine, succinic and/or lactic acid, potassium sulfate, serious fouling of the chromatographic resin by yeast and L-pyroglutamic acid. More particularly the inven 20 cells, microorganisms and other compounds. The manu tion relates to the recovery of the above products as a facture of glycerol, betaine, succinic acid and free flow result of the fermentation and distillation of raw materi ing distiller's dry grain, or the production of both beta als into ethanol and stillage, from which a free flowing ine and glycerol from beet molasses stillage, by pro distiller's dry grain or solid fertilizer is produced. cesses such as those to be described hereinafter has not, The manufacture of each of the products named 25 above by other processes has been known heretofore, insofar as is known to the present inventor, been de and all have commercial uses. Ethanol is used as a bev scribed in any prior patent or publication other than erage, a chemical, and a fuel derived from renewable that which has resulted from the aforementioned prior resources, and is typically manufactured by fermenta ity application. tion and distillation processes starting from biological For the first time, it is now possible to recover betaine materials such as corn, wheat or other grain, sugar cane and/or glycerine from stillage of ethanol fermentations or beets, grapes or other fruit. potatoes, cassava, sweet with sugar beet derivatives. The preparation of the feed sorghum, cheese whey or the like. Glycerol, while with microfiltration and the two chromatographic sepa known to be produced in Small quantities as a by-pro ration steps for the production of pure glycerine and duct of ethanol fermentation and distillation processes 35 betaine are critical. Cross-flow microfiltration with or yeast and yeast extract production, has been manu inorganic membranes followed by enzymatic hydrolysis factured commercially only by processes which have of proteinaceous matter and/or removal of potassium soap as the primary product or which synthesize glyc sulfate crystals in the permeate (if required) will yield a erol from petrochemical feed-stocks. Betaine is conven truly clarified stillage. The clarified stillage may now be tionally produced synthetically or by crystallization of 40 concentrated to a very high solids concentration for the aqueous liquors of beet molasses. Succinic acid is further processing in two chromatographic separation conventionally synthesized from maleic or acetic acid steps, each with its own specific resin, yielding high or produced by means of a highly specific fermentation. purity glycerine and betaine streams. This novel process Lactic acid is conventionally produced by fermentation has several advantages over existing and different meth with Lactobacillus delbruecki, B. dextrolacticus, or 45 ods in use as described in the patents listed above, such similar microorganisms. Potassium sulfate is conven as energy and water savings, reduced capitol invest tionally obtained by reacting sulfuric acid with potas ment, very high solids concentrations, high quality sium chloride. Potassium chloride usually occurs in glycerine and betaine. nature as the mineral sylvine or Sylvite. The processes and apparatus of the present invention Distiller's dry grain, characterized as with (DDGS) 50 contemplate the production of each or all or any combi or without (DDG) solubles, is conventionally produced nation of the products mentioned in a commercially as a by-product of fermentation and distillation pro feasible manner in a fermentation and distillation or cesses. As such the resulting DDG or DDGS is usually similar process. infused with sticky by-products such as glycerol so as to BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION exhibit poor flowing qualities and be difficult to handle. 55 If the substrate from which distillates are produced is a More particularly, it is an object of this invention to sugar cane or beet material, then the residue is typically produce glycerol as a valuable co-product of a fermen used only as a liquid fertilizer, feed additive or treated as tation process such as one which produces ethanol. In a waste. realizing this object of the present invention, the effi The manufacture of ethanol is sufficiently well ciency of the known ethanol producing fermentation known and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Potassium Sulfate
    MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Potassium sulfate Section 1 ­ Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Potassium sulfate Catalog Numbers: P/6960/53, P/6960/60, P/6960/65, P/7000/53, P/7000/60, P/7000/65 Synonyms: Dipotassium sulfate; Potassium sulfate (2:1); Sulfuric acid, dipotassium salt. Company Identification: Fisher Scientific UK Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough Leics. LE11 5RG For information in Europe, call: (01509) 231166 Emergency Number, Europe: 01509 231166 Section 2 ­ Composition, Information on Ingredients CAS# Chemical Name: % EINECS# 7778­80­5 Potassium sulfate >99 231­915­5 Hazard Symbols: None listed Risk Phrases: None listed Section 3 ­ Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Not available Potential Health Effects Eye: Dust may cause mechanical irritation. Skin: Low hazard for usual industrial handling. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Inhalation: Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory tract irritation. Chronic: Not expected to be a chronic hazard. Section 4 ­ First Aid Measures Eyes: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid. Skin: In case of contact, flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops and persists. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Notes to Treat symptomatically and supportively. Physician: Section 5 ­ Fire Fighting Measures General As in any fire, wear a self­contained breathing apparatus in pressure­demand, Information: MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production by Robert Mikkelsen an Adequate K Supply Is Essential for Both Organic and Conventional Crop Production
    NORTH AMERICA Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production By Robert Mikkelsen An adequate K supply is essential for both organic and conventional crop production. Potas- sium is involved in many plant physiological reactions, including osmoregulation, protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and photosynthate translocation. The K balance on many farms is negative, where more K is removed in harvested crops than is returned again to the soil. An overview of commonly used K fertilizers for organic production is provided. otassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but it often receives less attention than N and P in many crop Pproduction systems. Many regions of the U.S.A. and all of the Canadian provinces remove more K during harvest than is returned to the soil in fertilizer and manure (Figure 1). In the U.S.A., an average of only 3 units of K is replaced as fertilizer and manure for every 4 units of K removed in crops, resulting in a depletion of nutrients from the soil and increasing occur- rences of deficiency in many places. Potassium is the soil cation required in the largest amount by plants, regardless of nutrient management philosophy. 1,400 Removal 1,200 Hay and forage crops can remove hundreds of pounds of K from the soil Manure each year, placing a heavy demand on soil resources. 1,000 Fertilizer Large amounts of K are required to maintain plant health 800 and vigor. Some specific roles of K in the plant include os- moregulation, internal cation/anion balance, enzyme activa- 600 tion, proper water relations, photosynthate translocation, and 400 protein synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing Total and Net Ionic Equations
    WRITING TOTAL AND NET IONIC EQUATIONS http://www.csun.edu/~hcchm001/FreshChemHandouts.html 1. Write the overall equation including the correct designations for the physical state of the substances (s, l, g, aq). Balance this equation. Most of these kinds of equations are double displacement reactions: AX + BY 6 AY + BX 2. For the total ionic equations, write strong electrolytes in solution in the form of aqueous ions. (a) Strong acids. The common strong acids and their aqueous ions are: HI Hydroiodic acid H+-(aq) + I (aq) HBr Hydrobromic acid H+-(aq) + Br (aq) HCl Hydrochloric acid H+-(aq) + Cl (aq) +- HNO33Nitric acid H (aq) + NO (aq) +- HClO44Perchloric acid H (aq) + ClO (aq) +-2 H24SO Sulfuric acid 2 H (aq) + SO4(aq) (b) Strong bases. Strong bases are the hydroxides of the alkali (Group IA) and alkaline earth (Group IIA) metals ions which are sufficiently soluble. The common strong bases and their aqueous ions are: LiOH Lithium hydroxide Li+-(aq) + OH (aq) NaOH Sodium hydroxide Na+-(aq) + OH (aq) KOH Potassium hydroxide K+-(aq) + OH (aq) +2 - Sr(OH)2Strontium hydroxide Sr (aq) + 2 OH (aq) +2 - Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Ba (aq) + 2 OH (aq) (c) Soluble salts. Determinations of the solubility of a salt may be made by reference to SOLUBILITIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS. Soluble salts are written as their aqueous ions: NaCl(aq) Sodium chloride Na+-(aq) + Cl (aq) +-2 K24SO (aq) Potassium sulfate 2 K (aq) + SO4(aq) +-2 Li23CO (aq) Lithium carbonate 2 Li (aq) + CO3(aq) +-3 Na34PO (aq) Sodium phosphate 3 Na (aq) + PO4(aq) +-2 (NH42) SO4(aq) Ammonium sulfate 2 NH4(aq) + SO4 (aq) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry Inventory; Fall
    CHEMISTRY FALL 2005 MSDS Mfg.'s Name Chemical Name Quantity Stored Storage Conditions (on file = 9) Aluminum 9 1.5 kg Aluminum chloride, anhydrous, 98.5% 9 0.2 kg Aluminum chloride · 6H2O 9 0.5 kg Aluminum hydroxide 9 0.5 kg Aluminum nitrate 9 0.5 kg Aluminum sulfate 9 0.5 kg Ammonia, concentrated 9 4.0 L Ammonium acetate 9 0.2 kg Ammonium chloride 9 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (monobasic) 9 0.4 kg J.T. Baker Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (dibasic) No 0.5 kg Ammonium nitrate 9 2.5 kg Ammonium oxalate 9 0.7 kg Ammonium peroxydisulfate 9 0.5 kg Ammonium sulfate 9 0.2 kg Antimony 9 0.4 kg Barium chloride, anhydrous 9 2.5 kg Barium chloride · 2H2O 9 2.5 kg Barium nitrate 9 0.8 kg Bismuth 9 2.0 kg Boric Acid 9 0.4 kg Brass 9 Bromine 9 2.5 kg Cadmium 9 0.1 kg Cadmium nitrate 9 0.3 kg Calcium acetate · xH2O 9 0.5 kg Calcium carbide 9 1.0 kg Calcium carbonate 9 2.2 kg Calcium chloride 9 1.0 kg Calcium hydroxide 9 0.3 kg Calcium nitrate · 4H2O 9 1.0 kg Calcium oxide 9 0.3 kg Calcium sulfate · 2H2O 9 1.0 kg Carbon 9 0.1 kg Ceric ammonium nitrate 9 0.5 kg Cesium chloride 9 0.01 kg Chromium 9 0.01 kg Chromium chloride 9 0.5 kg Chromium nitrate 9 0.5 kg Cobalt 9 0.025 kg Cobalt chloride 9 0.7 kg Cobalt nitrate 9 0.6 kg Copper (assorted) 9 4.0 kg Copper acetate 9 0.05 kg Copper chloride 9 0.1 kg Copper nitrate 9 3.5 kg Copper oxide 9 0.4 kg Cupric sulfate, anhydrous 9 0.5 kg Cupric sulfate · 5H2O 9 2.75 kg EDTA 9 0.6 kg Iodine 9 2.0 kg Iron (assorted) 9 5.0 kg MSDS Mfg.'s Name Chemical Name Quantity Stored Storage Conditions (on file = 9) Ferric ammonium
    [Show full text]
  • POTASSIUM (K) Why Do My Plants Need Potassium? K Is the Most Important Element in Water Regulation Which Also Aids in Wear Tole
    Extension Education Center 423 Griffing Avenue, Suite 100 Riverhead, New York 11901-3071 t. 631.727.7850 f. 631.727.7130 POTASSIUM (K) Why do my plants need potassium? K is the most important element in water regulation which also aids in wear tolerance and cooling. Insufficient K also leads to the potential for low temperature injury in late winter when food reserves are low. K is important in preventing salt stress. Can potassium fertilizer burn my turf? Usually muriate of potash (KCl) in fertilizer has a high burn potential. Potassium sulfate has a lower burn potential, releases K more gradually than muriate of potash, and is a better choice for quality turf areas. Potassium sulfate is preferred if large amounts have to be added because it is less likely to burn but it can also decrease pH. It is always wise to irrigate after any granular, salt type of potassium applied at the following levels: over 0.33 pounds/1000 square feet on close cut turf, and over 0.5 pounds/1000 square feet on high cut turf. Do not make applications just before freezing weather because freezing concentrates potassium in soil. Why do I need to add potassium fertilizer? Major amounts of K are lost when clippings removed, especially if using muriate of potash as your K source. K also readily leaches in sandy soils. Acidic soils tend to be potassium deficient. How much potassium should I add? Look for K number in N-P-K label that is half of N number. You can also spoon feed small quantities, 0.1-0.5 lb/1000square feet, particularly in summer to enhance wear tolerance and turf health.
    [Show full text]
  • 9005 Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
    Material Safety Data Sheet 255 Norman. EMERGENCY NUMBERS: Lachine (Montreal), Que (USA) CHEMTREC : 1(800) 424-9300 (24hrs) H8R 1A3 (CAN) CANUTEC : 1(613) 996-6666 (24hrs) (USA) Anachemia : 1(518) 297-4444 (CAN) Anachemia : 1(514) 489-5711 WHMIS Protective Clothing TDG Road/Rail WHMIS CLASS: D-2B Not controlled under TDG (Canada). PIN: Not applicable. PG: Not applicable. Section I. Product Identification and Uses Product name ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE CI# Not available. Chemical formula AlK(SO4)2.12H2O CAS# 7784-24-9 Synonyms Potash alum, Potassium alum dodecahydrate, Sulfuric Code AC-0390 acid aluminum potassium salt, AC-0390, AC-0391, 03312, 03324 Formula weight 474.38 Supplier Anachemia Canada. Supersedes 255 Norman. Lachine (Montreal), Que H8R 1A3 Material uses For laboratory use only. Section II. Ingredients Name CAS # % TLV 1) ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE DODECAHYDRATE 7784-24-9 60-100 Exposure limits: ACGIH (Aluminum soluble salts (as Al)) TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 Toxicity values of the ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE: hazardous ingredients LD50: Not available. LC50: Not available. Section III. Physical Data ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE page 2/4 Physical state and White odorless crystals. appearance / Odor pH (1% soln/water) 3.3 (0.2M aqueous solution) Odor threshold Not available. Percent volatile 0% at 21°C Freezing point 92°C Boiling point Decomposes at 200°C. Specific gravity 1.72-1.75 Vapor density Not available. Vapor pressure 0 mm of Hg (@ 20°C) Water/oil dist. coeff. Not available. Evaporation rate Not applicable. Solubility Soluble in cold water. Section IV. Fire and Explosion Data Flash point None Flammable limits Not applicable.
    [Show full text]
  • PSC Technical Advisory Panel Report.Pdf
    National Organic Standards Board Technical Advisory Panel Review compiled by University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (UC SAREP) for the USDA National Organic Program Potassium Sulfate for use in crop production Executive Summary1 The following petition is under consideration with respect to NOP regulations subpart G, governing the inclusion of substances on the National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances: Petitioned: Addition of potassium sulfate to section 205.601(j), “Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production as plant or soil amendments.” Potassium sulfate is a source of highly soluble potassium, and has the additional benefit of supplying sulfur. It is used in agricultural production systems where potassium is a limiting nutrient and also as a substitute for potassium chloride on chloride- sensitive crops. The NOP has no prior ruling on the use of the substance. The nature of the petitioned substance is highly debatable. Naturally occurring potassium sulfate is not subject to the TAP review process because “naturally-occurring” substances are implicitly allowed for use in organics. The intended sourcing of the petitioned form of potassium sulfate, however, brings into question the interpretive distinctions between a “synthetic” and a “non-synthetic” under organic law. According to the petitioner, the product “should not be treated differently than product produced from natural brines” since it is produced from naturally occurring minerals. The crux of the decision to grant the petition rests on how one chooses to interpret this equivalency claim. All TAP reviewers agreed that the petitioned substance should be considered synthetic. In general, the reviewers also agreed that it should be restricted as a soil adjuvant.
    [Show full text]
  • SULFUR, CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM
    SULFUR, CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM Sulfur, calcium and magnesium are required in • Less sulfur deposition from the smaller quantities than other macronutrients atmosphere nutrients and are less likely to be deficient for • Stable or declining levels of organic optimum plant growth. Thus, they are matter sometimes referred to as secondary nutrients. However, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur are very important and often are required as Plant Considerations fertilizer or as soil amendments. Sulfur is taken up by plants as the sulfate ion Most Kansas soils contain sufficient quantities -2 (SO4 ) and may be retained in this form in plant of calcium and magnesium for optimum yields. tissues and cell sap. Much of the sulfate is Acidic soils are most likely to be calcium of reduced and used in the formation of amino magnesium deficient, but proper liming of these acids, proteins, and oils; in nitrogen fixation soils supplies sufficient amounts of these nutrients for crop production. Sulfur is a secondary element that has been shown to be deficient in some Kansas soils. Most responses to sulfur have been observed on sandy, low organic matter soils, though occasional responses have been noted on other soils. Since sulfur is required in fairly large amounts by plants, it needs to be watched carefully SULFUR Sulfur (S) is one of 17 elements essential for crop growth. Although sulfur is considered a secondary nutrient, it is often called the fourth major nutrient ranking just below nitrogen, (root nodules); in structural components of phosphorus, and potassium in terms of how protoplasm; and in activation of certain vitamins widespread deficient soils are.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfate Salts in Gasoline and Ethanol Fuels – Historical Perspective and Analysis of Available Data Robert L
    Sulfate Salts in Gasoline and Ethanol Fuels – Historical Perspective and Analysis of Available Data Robert L. McCormick and Teresa L. Alleman National Renewable Energy Laboratory Janet Yanowitz Ecoengineering, Inc. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-69001 September 2017 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Sulfate Salts in Gasoline and Ethanol Fuels – Historical Perspective and Analysis of Available Data Robert L. McCormick and Teresa L. Alleman National Renewable Energy Laboratory Janet Yanowitz Ecoengineering, Inc. Prepared under Task No. VTOP.10335.04.01.03 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5400-69001 Golden, CO 80401 September 2017 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Glycerin Effluent from the Biodiesel Industry As Potassium Source to Fertilize Soybean Crop
    Vol. 10(13), pp. 1572-1580, 26 March, 2015 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2013.8221 Article Number: FBD01B951995 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X Copyright ©2015 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Full Length Research Paper Glycerin effluent from the biodiesel industry as potassium source to fertilize soybean crop Enilson de Barros Silva1*, Elton Nobuyuki Hizuka2, Paulo Henrique Grazziotti1, José Domingos Fabris3 and Alessandro Torres Campos4 1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2Programa de Pós Graduação em Produção Vegetal (UFVJM), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 3Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Departamento de Química ICEx, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 4Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-16 000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Received 11 November, 2013; Accepted 11 March, 2015 This research is aimed at evaluating the effects of the glycerin effluent from the biodiesel industry resulting from chemical processes involving the transesterification of triacylglicerides in bio-oils, a reaction catalyzed with potassium hydroxide. This glycerin material (hereinafter referred to as "K- glycerin") may be assumed to be a potential source of potassium to increase the yields of soybean crops and to promote corresponding alterations in some chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Two field assays were conducted on two soils classified (i) Typical Hapludox (Perox suborder of the Oxisol order, according to the USDA Soil Taxonomy System.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Issuing Date 25-Oct-2010 Revision Date 19-Feb-2016 Revision Number 2 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier Product Name Potassium Sulfate Anhydrous Other means of identification Product Code(s) 1B1106 Synonyms No information available Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended Use For Further Manufacturing Use Only. Uses advised against Not for Human or Animal Drug Use Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Address Manufacturer Address Distributor VWR International, LLC VWR Chemicals, LLC AMRESCO INC. Radnor Corporate Center 28600 Fountain Parkway 6681 Cochran Road 100 Matsonford Road Solon, Ohio 44139 SOLON, OHIO 44139 Radnor, PA 19087-8660 Company Phone Number 1.800.829.2805 E-mail Address [email protected] Emergency Telephone Number Emergency Telephone Number Chemtrec 1-800-424-9300 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification OSHA Regulatory Status This chemical is not considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.122) Label elements Emergency Overview Appearance White Physical State Crystals Odor No information available Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) Not regulated Other Information 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Chemical Name CAS-No EC No. Weight % Trade Secret Potassium sulfate 7778-80-5 231-915-5 95-100 Not applicable 4. FIRST AID MEASURES _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 7 Product Code(s)1B1106 - Potassium Sulfate Revision Date 19-Feb-2016 Anhydrous _____________________________________________________________________________________________ First Aid Measures Eye Contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids. Consult a physician. Skin Contact Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water removing all contaminated clothes and shoes.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 29-Apr-2014 Revision Date 31-Dec-2020 Revision Number 6 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1. Product identifier Product Description: Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate Cat No. : A/2400/63, A/2400/53, A/2400/60 Synonyms Alum; Potassium alum dodecahydrate CAS-No 7784-24-9 Molecular Formula Al K O8 S2 . 12 H2 O 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against No Information available 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company UK entity/business name . Fisher Scientific UK Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RG, United Kingdom EU entity/business name Acros Organics BVBA Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a 2440 Geel, Belgium E-mail address [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number Chemtrec US: (800) 424-9300 Chemtrec EU: 001 (202) 483-7616 Tel: 01509 231166 SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture CLP Classification - Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Not hazardous Physical hazards Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met Health hazards Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met ______________________________________________________________________________________________ FSUA2400 Page 1 / 10 SAFETY DATA SHEET Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate Revision Date 31-Dec-2020 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Environmental hazards Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met Full text of Hazard Statements: see section 16 2.2. Label elements None required 2.3. Other hazards No information available SECTION 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS 3.1.
    [Show full text]