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Revitalisasi Bangunan Tradisional Rumah Tinggal Sebagai Homestay Dengan Pendekatan Adaptive Reuse Di Jagalan, Kotagede, Yogyakarta

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Revitalisasi Bangunan Tradisional Rumah Tinggal Sebagai Homestay Dengan Pendekatan Adaptive Reuse Di Jagalan, Kotagede, Yogyakarta REVITALISASI BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL RUMAH TINGGAL SEBAGAI HOMESTAY DENGAN PENDEKATAN ADAPTIVE REUSE DI JAGALAN, KOTAGEDE, YOGYAKARTA Sisca Pramudya W, Ana Hardiana, Fauzan Ali Ikhsan Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Email : [email protected] Abstract: The sustainability for cultural heritage is a vital thing for present time and future. Recently, traditional house which is a javanese cultural heritage is slowly gone in Jagalan, Kotagede. Homestay in jagalan kotagede as a living museum which has a characteristic of cultural properties area has changed. The change is because of the necessity of a modern living which can not adapt to the old culture, economic necessity, and also eathquake in Jogja in 2006 go along the dull of Jagalan, Kotagede area characteristics. As Jagalan characteristics seems arousing little interest, it makes Jagalan loses heritage spirit and also leads to the unorganized local people. These are due to the economical, social and political matters. Thus, the effort to achieve harmony will be done, including area planning, traditional home stay building, local art, culinary road characteristics, Jagalan potential and adaptive side to the earthquake effect. The official announcement of “Jagalan Tlisih” by Sultan Hamengku Buwono X will be able to make everyone realize that the sustainability of cultural heritage is important. Jagalan Village should be supported by maintaining the potential within, in order to accomplish the realization of cultural tourism village. moreover, traditional building which is counted as potential legacy needs to be preserved and maintained. The maintenance is by revitalizing, to revive and to restore. Adaptive concepts is a way to build an object and environment so that when these aspects are combined they will be able to work together and create new thing without losing identity of their own. The preservation is applied by taking advantage from the traditional house to be a homestay. Moreover, homestay will be a new function in the form of traditional building to support Jagalan Village which has heritage value to fulfill the goal as a tourism destination. Furthermore, Jagalan area will be local based homestay along with adaptive people within its function as cultural tourism village. The new function is one of Adaptive Reuse as a dynamic revitalization responses from spatial, physic, and style aspect which can stands alone and revive its environment. Keywords: Adaptive, Homestay, House, Revitalizing, Traditional I. PENDAHULUAN Kebutuhan akan kehidupan moderen Ketika gempa bumi terjadi pada hari yang tidak mampu mengadaptasi budaya lama, World Monuments Fund (WMF) yang berada kebutuhan ekonomi hingga gempa Yogya di New York, Amerika Serikat menetapkan tahun 2006 mengiringi pudarnya karakteristik kawasan budaya Kotagede yang berada di kawasan Jagalan, Kotagede (Unesco House, wilayah Kota Yogyakarta menjadi salah satu 2007). dari 100 situs budaya di dunia yang paling Konservasi rumah tradisional sebagai terancam mengalami kepunahan khususnya homestay mengambil kawasan percontohan di sebagai akibat dari gempa bumi 27 Mei 2006 RW 3. Revitalisasi menjawab permasalahan (Antara:12/06/07). Berdasarkan beberapa bahwa konservasi tidak menolak adanya perubahan yang ada di Kotagede, banyak perubahan, bukan merupakan keinginan atau potensi bangunan tradisional Jawa, namun kebutuhan perseorangan atau minoritas, tidak mulai hilang seperti halnya di Kampung menghalangi pengembangan kota atau Jagalan. kawasan. Melalui revitalisasi bangunan Arsitektura, Vol. 14, No.1, April 2016 tradisional rumah tinggal sebagai homestay RW/ASPEK 1 2 3 4 5 justru mendukung adanya fungsi baru yang adaptive tanpa merusak nilai dan dapat Rumah 10 8 10 9 9 mendukung pengembangan kawasan yang tradisional melingkupinya sebagai kampung wisata pusaka. Selain itu, dapat memperkenalkan Revitalisasi v - v - - identitas dengan budaya dan kesenian yang Kuliner 6 6 9 4 6 ada di Jagalan dengan mengadaptasikan apa yang menjadi keasliannya pada keadaan yang Pengrajin 8 7 6 4 4 sekarang. Dalam perancangannya, pemilihan rumah tinggal yang akan direvitalisasi sangat Kesenian 0 0 1 0 0 penting. Selain itu keputusan mempertahankan dan merubah pada objek, sistem struktur yang Kemudahan 8 7 8 6 6 adaptive dengan kondisi kawasan serta akses integrasi dalam sebuah kawasan sehingga dapat menjawab permasalahan konsep Kelengkapan 8 7 9 6 6 perencanaan dan perancangan revitalisasi fasilitas bangunan tradisional rumah tinggal sebagai Nilai 40 35 43 29 31 homestay di Jagalan, Kotagede, Yogyakarta dengan pendekatan Adaptive Reuse. II. METODE B. Pemilihan Rumah Tinggal Tradisional Penggabungan dari hasil identifikasi untuk Homestay kedua analisa sebelumnya yaitu Pemilihan rumah tinggal untuk mengidentifikasi penggunaan rumah tinggal, homestay berdasarkan beberapa aspek diantaranya pelaku kegiatan, jenis kegiatan, tujuannya supaya rumah tinggal pola kegiatan, dan organisasi ruang serta tradisional yang akan dirancang benar- menerjemahkan secara sistematik kebutuhan benar mendukung dan potensial. para pengguna homestay rumah tinggal Potensi pada rumah tinggal seperti tradisional dan fasilitasnya ke dalam pada Gambar 1. persyaratan fungsi dan kebutuhan ruang baru, persyaratan besaran ruang serta program ruang baru dalam revitalisasi. Proses tersebut menganalisa masalah spasial (pemanfaatan ruang lama terhadap ruang baru), fisik (struktur) dan gaya (style) dalam revitalisasi Pengrajin rumah tinggal tradisional. Selain itu juga Kuliner integrasi rumah tinggal tradisional dengan Sejarah kawasan. Kesenian III. ANALISIS A. Analisis Lokasi Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Gambar 1. Persebaran Rumah Tinggal metode scoring dengan dasar pertimbangan aspek yang mendukung Dari proses analisis dihasilkan terpilihnya revitalisasi homestay dikawasan 4 rumah sebagai objek revitalisasi yaitu: pusaka seperti pada Tabel 1. Dari 1. Pak Yanto (nomor 1 sebagai rumah analisis, diperoleh lokasi yang terpilih pengrajin perak) adalah Jagalan RW 3. 2. Ibu Esti (nomor 2 sebagai rumah kuliner) Tabel 1. Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi 3. Pak Herlan (nomor 4 sebagai rumah kesenian gamelan) Sisca Pramudya W, Ana Hardiana, Fauzan Ali I, Revitalisasi Bangunan Tradisional... 4. Ibu Naryo (nomor 6 sebagai rumah Kebutuhan peruangan yang dibutuhkan dalam perjuangan) pemenuhan wadah homestay dan tlisih terlihat seperti pada Tabel 2. C. Peruangan Analisa peruangan bertujuan untuk D. Analisis Pendekatan Adaptive Reuse mengetahui pola kegiatan yang ada pada Analisis pendekatan Adaptive Reuse Homestay seperti Gambar 2 dengan dasar merupakan penerapan aspek konsep pertimbangan sebagai berikut. Adaptive Reuse dalam perencanaan pada 1. Ruang-ruang eksisting Gambar 3. 2. Pelaku kegiatan 3. Kegiatan pemilik 4. Kegiatan homestay Gambar 3. Konsep Perancangan Homestay E. Analisis Rumah Tradisional untuk Gambar 2. Pola Kegiatan Homestay 1. Rumah Pak Yanto Tabel 2.Kebutuhan Ruang a. Spasial PELAKU KEGIATAN PERUANGAN Rumah joglo dengan perak sebagai kerajinan di rumah ini memberi Pengun- Datang Hall penerima nilai bagi rumah joglo. Rumah Pak jung utama Yanto saat ini sudah tidak Tamu Parkir ditinggali oleh pemiliknya. Berikut homestay Resepsionis adalah analisa perubahan ruang Menginap R.tidur rumah Pak Yanto sebagai rumah R.makan pengrajin perak berdasarkan ruang Dapur eksisting, kegiatan, dan nilai ruang R.produksi/ R. rumah tradisional Jawa yang kesenian dianalisis seperti pada Lampiran 1. R.santai Berdasarkan analisa, ruang-ruang KM/WC di rumah Pak Yanto kurang Mushola mewadahi kebutuhan ruang Tlisih R.diskusi homestay, sehingga dirancang Pemilik Mengelola Resepsionis penambahan ruang secara vertikal homestay homestay homestay sesuai nilai ruang rumah tradisional Daily R.tidur Jawa. R.makan Dapur b. Fisik R.produksi/ R. Elemen fisik yang mendukung kesenian berdirinya bangunan rumah tinggal R.santai tersebut masih menggunakan kayu KM/WC karena rumah tradisional Jawa Mushola sangat lekat dengan material kayu. R.keluarga Beberapa ruang di rumah Pak Yanto sudah tidak sesuai dengan Arsitektura, Vol. 14, No.1, April 2016 nilai ruang rumah Jawa, seperti direncanakan penambahan ruang pada pendhapa Gambar 4 yang secara vertikal karena perwadahan memiliki nilai ruang terbuka justru untuk kegiatan homestay tidak menggunakan dinding kayu mencukupi. tertutup. b. Fisik Pada saat gempa, rumah Ibu Esti mengalami renovasi pada pendhapa. Kerusakan struktur menjadi hal yang diperhatikan berkaitan dengan respon terhadap getaran. Oleh karenanya diperlukan Gambar 4. Pendhapa Rumah Pak sistem struktur yang tepat sebagai Yanto konsep struktur untuk mengkombinasikan struktur lama Terjadi beberapa kerusakan seperti lantai 1 dan struktur baru lantai 2. pada sambungan dan dinding sehingga memerlukan perbaikan c. Gaya dan perkuatan serta teknik Rumah ini mempunyai detail penyambungan material struktur arsitektur yang diterapkan pada konstruksi pada lantai 1 dan 2. konsul dari besi, jendela dan pintu yang tinggi, pintu kupu tarung c. Gaya yakni pintu dengan dua daun yang Gaya dan motif tradisional Jawa membuka ke luar atau ke dalam masih lekat di rumah joglo ini. dengan material kayu berwarna Tanpa ukiran yang banyak, gebyok hijau dan kuning coklat seperti dan kayu masih menggambarkan pada Gambar 6. tradisional pada rumah perak seperti pada Gambar 5. Gambar 6. Motif dan Gaya Rumah Ibu Gambar 5. Motif dan Gaya Rumah Pak Esti Yanto 3. Rumah Pak Herlan 2. Rumah Ibu Esti a. Spasial a. Spasial Rumah Ibu Naryo merupakan Rumah Ibu Esti merupakan rumah rumah joglo perjuangan yang joglo yang
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