DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Variation Within and Between Populations of Potamogeton Pusillus Agg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Plant Syst. Evol. 239: 95–112 (2003) DOI 10.1007/s00606-002-0252-7 Genetic variation within and between populations of Potamogeton pusillus agg. Z. Kaplan and J. Sˇteˇpa´nek Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Pru˚ honice, Czech Republic Received August 6, 2002; accepted November 22, 2002 Published online: May 15, 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract. Patterns of isozyme variation were ex- Key words: Potamogeton pusillus, Potamogeton amined in 17 populations of P. pusillus and berchtoldii, isozymes, genetic variation, population P. berchtoldii, together with one population of structure, reproductive systems, clonal growth. P. trichoides taken for comparison. Both P. pusillus and P. berchtoldii displayed low levels of variation The Potamogeton pusillus agg.1 belongs among within populations associated with high levels of the taxonomically most difficult groups in the interpopulation differentiation. This pattern of family Potamogetonaceae. The complex is partitioning of genetic variation within and be- almost cosmopolitan in its distribution; the tween populations is attributed to the founder only continent from which it is absent is effect, frequent vegetative propagation by turions, Australia. All morphotypes within this group dominant self-fertilization and limited seedling were by earlier authors referred to as a single recruitment. The mechanism of pollen transfer was investigated in cultivation. Effective pollina- species, sometimes divided into a few varieties. tion takes place in air above the water surface The first attempt to arrange all variation in this (autogamy, geitonogamy, anemogamy), on the group in Central Europe and to describe it in water surface (epihydrogamy) or below water terms of formal classification appeared in the surface (hydroautogamy). The species are self- Central-European Flora by Ascherson and compatible. The low level of infra-population Graebner (1897) who distinguished five infra- variation together with rare occurrence of hetero- specific taxa. Soon after, Hagstro¨ m (1901) zygotes suggest that selfing is the most frequent separated two species, P. pusillus (nowadays mode of pollination, although the protogynous called P. berchtoldii Fieber) and P. panormit- flowers may occasionally permit some cross-polli- anus Biv. (true P. pusillus L., see Dandy and nation. Unique enzyme markers were found for Taylor 1938, 1940). Fischer (1907) followed P. pusillus and P. berchtoldii, and also for the single Hagstrom in treating two distinct species and population of P. trichoides. All multienzyme phe- ¨ notypes were species-specific. Isozyme data support subdivided Bavarian plants into 23 and eight the separate position of P. pusillus and P. berch- infraspecific taxa, respectively, at the variety toldii. UPGMA dendogram based on enzyme data of 133 plant samples revealed three distinct main 1 In this paper, Potamogeton pusillus agg. is understood as enzymatic entities perfectly corresponding to the comprising two species in Europe, namely P. pusillus L. s. three morphologically defined species. str. (syn. P. panormitanus Biv.) and P. berchtoldii Fieber. 96 Z. Kaplan and J. Sˇ teˇ pa´ nek: Genetic variation in Potamogeton pusillus agg. and form levels. In his worldwide account, P. berchtoldii at three levels: (1) genetic vari- Graebner (1907) lumped the two species into ation within populations in order to estimate P. pusillus and recognized 14 units mostly at prevailing modes of reproduction, (2) genetic variety level within it, besides 3-4 closely variation between populations within each related South American species. Both species species to reveal possible contribution of were subdivided into several forms and varie- different genotypes to observed morphological ties also by Hagstro¨ m (1916) in his monograph. differences, and (3) inter-specific differences Besides these two basic units, he described six to test the distinction of P. pusillus and additional similar species from this complex P. berchtoldii at species level. mostly from Africa. In a revision of North American linear-leaved Potamogeton species, Material a methods Fernald (1932) adopted both species with several varieties. The concept of many infra- Plant material. Potamogeton pusillus and P. berch- specific taxa has been gradually abandoned in toldii are morphologically very similar. In fact, the literature, with the notable exception of most recent guides to identification stress only a Soo´ (1936, 1938) who proposed many new single morphological feature: structure of stipules. combinations of highly dubious value. At These are closed and tubular when young in P. pusillus but open and convolute in P. berchtoldii. present, both main taxa are generally recog- Hence in this study, sampled plant material of nized as separate species in Eurasia (e.g. Dandy P. pusillus agg. was divided into two groups solely 1980, Kasˇ ina 1988, Preston 1995) or either as according to the stipule shape. Besides similar varieties (Haynes 1974, Hellquist and Crow morphology, both species also share many basic 1980) or recently as subspecies (Haynes and biological features. The two species are largely Hellquist 1996, Haynes and Hellquist 2000) in sympatric in Eurasia and North America, but only North America. At the worldwide scale, satis- P. pusillus occurs in most of Africa. The exact factory taxonomic solution for this complex is position of South American plants that belong to still not available. In a recent global account of this complex is still insufficiently known. P. tricho- Potamogeton species (Wiegleb and Kaplan ides Cham. et Schltdl. is a species related to 1998), a broad concept of P. pusillus had to be P. pusillus agg. as delimited here, which is, howev- temporarily adopted again to cover the ex- er, taxonomically well defined and usually mor- phologically well distinguishable particularly when tremely rich mosaic of widespread phenotypes, fertile material is available (Preston 1995, Wiegleb local taxa and extreme forms of P. pusillus agg. and Kaplan 1998). A single population of this In spite of the fact that the extreme species was also included in analyses for inter- morphological variation in P. pusillus agg. specific comparison. All three species are consid- has been observed by many authors, its origin ered to be diploids with a chromosome number has little been studied systematically. Variation 2n = 26 (cf. Hollingsworth et al. 1998). Nine due to seasonal development was noted by chromosome counts have also been determined in Haynes (1974) who reported differences in plants included in this study, five in P. pusillus s. development of lacunae and shape of leaf apex str. and four in P. berchtoldii, all with chromo- between plants collected in early summer and some number 2n=26 (Jarolı´ mova´ and Kaplan, those collected later in the season. Contribu- unpubl.). tion of variation due to environment has Plants for cultivation and analyses were sam- pled from sites in Central Europe in 1997–2000. recently been investigated by Kaplan (2002), The origin of plants used for isozyme analysis is who observed considerable phenotypic plasti- summarized in Table 1. The reference population city in general appearance, branching pattern, numbers correspond to numbers of cultivated width and colour of leaves, details of venation, material and numbers of vouchers; herbarium and shape of leaf apex. specimens of individuals from the populations were The main aim of this study is to provide designated as their fractions (e.g. 307/1, 307/2 etc.). data on isozyme variation in P. pusillus and Voucher herbarium specimens from both field and Table 1. Localities of samples used for isozyme analysis, with population designations used in the text and reference population numbers Z. Kaplan and J. S corresponding to numbers of cultivated material and numbers of voucher herbarium material Species Population No. Locality P. pusillus Untersee 990 Switzerland: Distr. Thurgau: S margin of the Untersee (lake) 1 km ESE of Ermatingen village, 395 m a. s. l., 23 VI 1998 Bodensee I 987 (P) Austria: Vorarlberg: Distr. Bregenz: inlet at S margin of Fussacher Bucht (bay) of Bodensee Lake ˇ te ˇ 1.5 km N–NNE of Fußach village, near Ho¨ chst, 396 m a. s. l., 23 VI 1998 pa ´ Litomeˇ rˇ ice 959 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Litomeˇ rˇ ice: small pond in valley at N margin of Litomeˇ rˇ ice- nek: Genetic variation in Pokratice town suburb, 260 m a. s. l., 27 V 1998 Rokytnˇ any 1133 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Mlada´ Boleslav: pond 0.4 km W of Dolnı´ Rokytnˇ any village, 234 m a. s. l., 11 VI 1999 Dubovec 1212 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Jindrˇ ichu˚ v Hradec: Velky Dubovec pond 1.3 km SSE of Lomnice nad Luzˇ nicı´ village, 425 m a. s. l., 15 VI 2000 Panensky 1159 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Jindrˇ ichu˚ v Hradec: Velky Panensky fishpond 1.3 km SSE of Lomnice nad Luzˇ nicı´ village, 420 m a. s. l., 8 IX 1999 Struzˇ ky 1213 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Jindrˇ ichu˚ v Hradec: Struzˇ ky fishpond 0.8 km W of Brˇ ilice village, 445 m a. s. l., 15 VI 2000 Potamogeton pusillus Sˇ imanov 307 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Jindrˇ ichu˚ v Hradec: Sˇ imanov pond (above Thierov pond) near Trˇ ebonˇ , 1.4 km NE of Trˇ ebonˇ railway station, 428 m a. s. l., 21 VIII 1996 P. berchtoldii Thuner See 991 Switzerland: Distr. Bern: Interlaken: small pool on E bank of the Thuner See (lake) W of Unterseen town, 560 m a. s. l., 21 VI 1998 Bodensee II 987 (B) Austria: Vorarlberg: Distr. Bregenz: inlet at S margin of Fussacher Bucht (bay) of Bodensee Lake 1.5 km N–NNE of Fußach village, near Ho¨ chst, 396 m a. s. l., 23 VI 1998 Skalna´ I 1147 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Cheb: pool in bottom of disused clay-pit called Sucha´ 1.8 km E–ESE of Skalna´ , 430 m a. s. l., 29 VII 1999 agg. 97 Skalna´ II 1224 Czech Republic: Bohemia: Distr. Cheb: pool in bottom of disused clay-pit near Zelena´ settlement, 0.8 km SE of Skalna´ , 440 m a.
Recommended publications
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
  • Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska

    Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska

    Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting
  • WETLAND PLANTS – Full Species List (English) RECORDING FORM

    WETLAND PLANTS – Full Species List (English) RECORDING FORM

    WETLAND PLANTS – full species list (English) RECORDING FORM Surveyor Name(s) Pond name Date e.g. John Smith (if known) Square: 4 fig grid reference Pond: 8 fig grid ref e.g. SP1243 (see your map) e.g. SP 1235 4325 (see your map) METHOD: wetland plants (full species list) survey Survey a single Focal Pond in each 1km square Aim: To assess pond quality and conservation value using plants, by recording all wetland plant species present within the pond’s outer boundary. How: Identify the outer boundary of the pond. This is the ‘line’ marking the pond’s highest yearly water levels (usually in early spring). It will probably not be the current water level of the pond, but should be evident from the extent of wetland vegetation (for example a ring of rushes growing at the pond’s outer edge), or other clues such as water-line marks on tree trunks or stones. Within the outer boundary, search all the dry and shallow areas of the pond that are accessible. Survey deeper areas with a net or grapnel hook. Record wetland plants found by crossing through the names on this sheet. You don’t need to record terrestrial species. For each species record its approximate abundance as a percentage of the pond’s surface area. Where few plants are present, record as ‘<1%’. If you are not completely confident in your species identification put’?’ by the species name. If you are really unsure put ‘??’. After your survey please enter the results online: www.freshwaterhabitats.org.uk/projects/waternet/ Aquatic plants (submerged-leaved species) Stonewort, Bristly (Chara hispida) Bistort, Amphibious (Persicaria amphibia) Arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) Stonewort, Clustered (Tolypella glomerata) Crystalwort, Channelled (Riccia canaliculata) Arrowhead, Canadian (Sagittaria rigida) Stonewort, Common (Chara vulgaris) Crystalwort, Lizard (Riccia bifurca) Arrowhead, Narrow-leaved (Sagittaria subulata) Stonewort, Convergent (Chara connivens) Duckweed , non-native sp.
  • 2018 Aquatic Plant Guide

    2018 Aquatic Plant Guide

    The Borough of Mountain Lakes The Aquatic Plants of Mountain Lakes Created March 2017 Borough of Introduction to Aquatic Plants Mountain Lakes 400 Boulevard Aquatic plants in a lake come in many different sizes, shapes and Mountain Lakes, NJ function. This diversity is similar to the different components of a 07046 forest, having low grasses, understory shrubs, diminutive trees and vines, and canopy forming trees. Different aquatic plants inhabit dif- 973-334-3131 ferent ecological niches depending on a myriad of physical, chemical http://mtnlakes.org and biological conditions. Although many lake recreational users view aquatic plants as nui- sance “weeds”, a balanced native aquatic plant community has sev- eral important ecological functions. These include: Shoreline Buffer Sediment Stabilization Wildlife Habitat Aesthetics In this guide: Nutrient Uptake Red indicates an Aquatic plants fall into the following broad categories. Submersed Invasive species aquatic plants grow along the lake bottom and are entirely sub- merged save perhaps for flowers or seeds. Floating-leaf plants in- Blue indicates a clude duckweeds and lilies, and have leaves on the surface of a lake. Native species Emergent plants have roots in standing water, but the majority of Green indicates an the plant occurs above the water’s surface. Finally, some aquatic Algal species plant growth is actually macro-algae. Below are a list of icons for the aquatic plants in this guide. Call to Action! ICON KEY Please Contact Rich Sheola, Borough Manager [email protected] Submersed Emergent Floating-leaf Macro-algae PAGE 2 THE AQUATIC PLANTS O F MOUNTAIN LAKES CREATED MARCH 2017 Summary of Aquatic Plants at Mt.
  • Aquatic Macrophyte Survey: Point-Intercept Method Spooner Lake Washburn County, Wisconsin WBIC: 2685200 June/August 2018

    Aquatic Macrophyte Survey: Point-Intercept Method Spooner Lake Washburn County, Wisconsin WBIC: 2685200 June/August 2018

    Aquatic Macrophyte Survey: Point-intercept Method Spooner Lake Washburn County, Wisconsin WBIC: 2685200 June/August 2018 Survey completed by Ecological Integrity Service, Amery Wisconsin Abstract In June and August 2018, a full lake point-intercept aquatic macrophyte survey was conducted on Spooner Lake, Washburn County Wisconsin. The results showed plants growing in 91% of the lake with a mean rake fullness of 1.9 (scale of 0-3). The species richness was 34 native species and 2 non-native species. A Simpson’s Diversity index of 0.91 was calculated. The maximum depth with plants growing was 15.3 feet and a mean depth of plants growing was 5.3 feet. The floristic quality index (FQI) was 33.2. Two non-native invasive species, Potamogeton crispus and Typha angustifolia, were sampled. Two other non-native invasive species, Phalaris arundinacea and Iris pseudacorus, were observed in locations not part of the point intercept grid. Some areas had nuisance level filamentous algae floating on the surface during the August survey. Comparison with previous surveys in 2006 and 2012 using chi-square showed a statistically significant increase in 10 species from 2012 to 2018 and 12 species from 2006 to 2018. There was a statistically significant decrease in one species from 2012 to 2018 and in six species from 2006 to 2018. Spooner Lake Aquatic Macrophyte Survey-2018 Page 2 Introduction In June and August 2018, a full lake aquatic macrophyte survey was conducted using the point intercept (PI) method on Spooner Lake, Washburn County Wisconsin. Spooner Lake has an area of 1162 acres with a maximum depth of 17 feet and a mean depth of seven feet.
  • Pondnet RECORDING FORM (PAGE 1 of 5)

    Pondnet RECORDING FORM (PAGE 1 of 5)

    WETLAND PLANTS PondNet RECORDING FORM (PAGE 1 of 5) Your Name Date Pond name (if known) Square: 4 fig grid reference Pond: 8 fig grid ref e.g. SP1243 e.g. SP 1235 4325 Determiner name (optional) Voucher material (optional) METHOD (complete one survey form per pond) Aim: To assess pond quality and conservation value, by recording wetland plants. How: Identify the outer boundary of the pond. This is the ‘line’ marking the pond’s highest yearly water levels (usually in early spring). It will probably not be the current water level of the pond, but should be evident from wetland vegetation like rushes at the pond’s outer edge, or other clues such as water-line marks on tree trunks or stones. Within the outer boundary, search all the dry and shallow areas of the pond that are accessible. Survey deeper areas with a net or grapnel hook. Record wetland plants found by crossing through the names on this sheet. You don’t need to record terrestrial species. For each species record its approximate abundance as a percentage of the pond’s surface area. Where few plants are present, record as ‘<1%’. If you are not completely confident in your species identification put ’?’ by the species name. If you are really unsure put ‘??’. Enter the results online: www.freshwaterhabitats.org.uk/projects/waternet/ or send your results to Freshwater Habitats Trust. Aquatic plants (submerged-leaved species) Nitella hyalina (Many-branched Stonewort) Floating-leaved species Apium inundatum (Lesser Marshwort) Nitella mucronata (Pointed Stonewort) Azolla filiculoides (Water Fern) Aponogeton distachyos (Cape-pondweed) Nitella opaca (Dark Stonewort) Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Frogbit) Cabomba caroliniana (Fanwort) Nitella spanioclema (Few-branched Stonewort) Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (Floating Pennywort) Callitriche sp.
  • Wetland Plants Survey Form

    Wetland Plants Survey Form

    WETLAND PLANTS PondNet RECORDING FORM (PAGE 1 of 5) Your Name Date Pond name (if known) Square: 4 fig grid reference Pond: 8 fig grid ref e.g. SP1243 e.g. SP 1235 4325 Determiner name (optional) Voucher material (optional) METHOD (complete one survey form per pond) Aim: To assess pond quality and conservation value, by recording wetland plants. How: Identify the outer boundary of the pond. This is the ‘line’ marking the pond’s highest yearly water levels (usually in early spring). It will probably not be the current water level of the pond, but should be evident from wetland vegetation like rushes at the pond’s outer edge, or other clues such as water-line marks on tree trunks or stones. Within the outer boundary, search all the dry and shallow areas of the pond that are accessible. Survey deeper areas with a net or grapnel hook. Record wetland plants found by crossing through the names on this sheet. You don’t need to record terrestrial species. For each species record its approximate abundance as a percentage of the pond’s surface area. Where few plants are present, record as ‘<1%’. If you are not completely confident in your species identification put’?’ by the species name. If you are really unsure put ‘??’. Enter the results online: www.freshwaterhabitats.org.uk/projects/waternet/ or send your results to Freshwater Habitats Trust. Aquatic plants (submerged-leaved species) Stonewort, Bearded (Chara canescens) Floating-leaved species Arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) Stonewort, Bristly (Chara hispida) Bistort, Amphibious (Persicaria amphibia) Arrowhead, Canadian (Sagittaria rigida) Stonewort, Clustered (Tolypella glomerata) Crystalwort, Channelled (Riccia canaliculata) Arrowhead, Narrow-leaved (Sagittaria subulata) Stonewort, Common (Chara vulgaris) Crystalwort, Lizard (Riccia bifurca) Awlwort (Subularia aquatica) Stonewort, Convergent (Chara connivens) Duckweed, non-native sp.
  • Aquatic Macrophyte Survey for Lipsett Lake

    Aquatic Macrophyte Survey for Lipsett Lake

    Aquatic Macrophyte Survey for Chetac Lake Sawyer County, Wisconsin WBIC: 2113300 Project Initiated by: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Big Chetac Chain Lake Association and Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc. * Chetac Lake Survey Conducted by and Report Prepared by: Endangered Resource Services, LLC Matthew S. Berg, Research Biologist St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin Summer 2008 i Page ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………… iii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………….… iv LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………..… v INTRODUCTION …..……..………………………………………………………. 1 PLANT SURVEY METHODS………..…………………………………………… 2 DATA ANALYSIS….…………………………………………………………….... 3 RESULTS …………..…………………………………………………………….... 6 DISCUSSION AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT…..…..……….. 17 LITERATURE CITED……………………….…………………………………….. 21 APPENDICES…….………………………………………………………………... 22 I: Chetac Lake Map with Survey Sample Points………..…….………………… 22 II: Boat Survey Data Sheet ………………………………………………………. 24 III: Vegetative Survey Data Sheet ………………………………………..………. 26 IV: Cold Water Curly-leaf pondweed Survey Map……....……..………..………. 28 V: Habitat Variable Maps.…………………..………….……………………....... 30 VI: Plant Species Accounts ……….…..…………………………………..………. 34 VII: Point Intercept Plant Species Distribution Maps……………………………….. 47 VIII: Glossary of Biological Terms……………..……………………….………….. 89 IX: Aquatic Exotic Invasive Species Information…………..….…………..……… 93 X: Raw Data Spreadsheets…….……………..……………….…………………... 102 ii ABSTRACT Chetac Lake (WBIC 2113300) is a 1,920-acre stratified
  • First Record of Potamogetonaceae for the State of Rio Grande Do Norte

    First Record of Potamogetonaceae for the State of Rio Grande Do Norte

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.06814 Notes and Comments First record of Potamogetonaceae for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Henry-Silva, GG.a*, Moura, RST.a, Lopes, YVA.a and Rodrigues, RS.b aUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, Campus Mossoró, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil bCentro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Roraima – UFRR, Av. Cap. Ene Garcez 2413, Aeroporto, CEP 69310-000, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: April 25, 2014 – Accepted: May 9, 2014 – Distributed: December 31, 2014 Potamogetonaceae is a small subcosmopolitan monocot early cosmopolitan and is represented in the Neotropics family of aquatic herbs with submersed or floating leaves, only by P. pusillus var. pusillus, where it extends from belonging to the order Alismatales (Haynes and Holm-Nielsen, Mexico to Argentina (Haynes and Holm-Nielsen, 2003). It 2003). It is a taxonomically complex family (Kaplan et al., has been recorded for some states in all Brazilian regions, 2013), which may comprise three or more genera, depending with the exception of the northern region (Bove, 2014a). on the including of Zannichelliaceae (Haynes and Holm- In the Northeastern region, P. pusillus has been found in Nielsen, 2003; APGIII 2009; Kaplan et al., 2013). the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco Potamogeton is the largest genus of Potamogetonaceae, (Bove, 2014a, b). with ca. of 72 species (Kaplan et al., 2013), occurring mainly The record of P. pusillus in the Santa Cruz reservoir in temperate regions (Haynes and Holm-Nielsen, 2003).
  • Chromosome Numbers and Polyploidy Events in Korean Non-Commelinids Monocots: a Contribution to Plant Systematics

    Chromosome Numbers and Polyploidy Events in Korean Non-Commelinids Monocots: a Contribution to Plant Systematics

    pISSN 1225-8318 − Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 48(4): 260 277 (2018) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.4.260 Korean Journal of REVIEW Plant Taxonomy Chromosome numbers and polyploidy events in Korean non-commelinids monocots: A contribution to plant systematics Tae-Soo JANG* and Hanna WEISS-SCHNEEWEISS1 Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 1Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria (Received 4 June 2018; Revised 9 September 2018; Accepted 16 December 2018) ABSTRACT: The evolution of chromosome numbers and the karyotype structure is a prominent feature of plant genomes contributing to or at least accompanying plant diversification and eventually leading to speciation. Polyploidy, the multiplication of whole chromosome sets, is widespread and ploidy-level variation is frequent at all taxonomic levels, including species and populations, in angiosperms. Analyses of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 252 taxa of Korean non-commelinid monocots indicated that diploids (ca. 44%) and tet- raploids (ca. 14%) prevail, with fewer triploids (ca. 6%), pentaploids (ca. 2%), and hexaploids (ca. 4%) being found. The range of genome sizes of the analyzed taxa (0.3–44.5 pg/1C) falls well within that reported in the Plant DNA C-values database (0.061–152.33 pg/1C). Analyses of karyotype features in angiosperm often involve, in addition to chromosome numbers and genome sizes, mapping of selected repetitive DNAs in chro- mosomes. All of these data when interpreted in a phylogenetic context allow for the addressing of evolution- ary questions concerning the large-scale evolution of the genomes as well as the evolution of individual repeat types, especially ribosomal DNAs (5S and 35S rDNAs), and other tandem and dispersed repeats that can be identified in any plant genome at a relatively low cost using next-generation sequencing technologies.
  • State of Wisconsin 2016 Wetland Plant List

    State of Wisconsin 2016 Wetland Plant List

    5/12/16 State of Wisconsin 2016 Wetland Plant List Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X http://wetland-plants.usace.army.mil/ Trillium cernuum L. (Whip-Poor-Will-Flow er) Photo: Dan Tenaglia List Counts: Wetland MW NCNE Total UPL 91 109 200 FACU 510 534 1044 FAC 272 288 560 FACW 333 317 650 OBL 480 481 961 Rating 1686 1729 1729 User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps Region. 3) Some state boundaries lie within two or more Corps Regions. If a species occurs in one region but not the other, its rating will be shown in one column and the other column will be BLANK. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1/26 5/12/16 NORTHCENTRAL GREAT LAKES 2016 SUBREGIONAL WETLAND PLANT LIST Scientific Name Authorship Subregion NCNE Common Name Populus tremuloides Michx. NGL = FAC FACU Quaking Aspen Rubus idaeus L. NGL = FAC FACU Common Red Raspberry 2/26 5/12/16 Scientific Name Authorship MW NCNE Common Name Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FACW FAC Balsam Fir Abutilon theophrasti Medik. FACU FACU Velvetleaf Acalypha gracilens Gray FACU FACU Slender Three-Seed-Mercury Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. FACU FACU Common Three-Seed-Mercury Acer negundo L. FAC FAC Ash-Leaf Maple Acer nigrum Michx.
  • Phenotypic Plasticity in Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae )

    Phenotypic Plasticity in Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae )

    Folia Geobotanica 37: 141–170, 2002 PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN POTAMOGETON (POTAMOGETONACEAE ) Zdenek Kaplan Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Prùhonice, Czech Republic; fax +420 2 6775 0031, e-mail [email protected] Keywords: Classification, Cultivation experiments, Modification, Phenotype, Taxonomy, Variability, Variation Abstract: Sources of the extensive morphological variation of the species and hybrids of Potamogeton were studied, especially from the viewpoint of the stability of the morphological characters used in Potamogeton taxonomy. Transplant experiments, the cultivation of clones under different values of environmental factors, and the cultivation of different clones under uniform conditions were performed to assess the proportion of phenotypic plasticity in the total morphological variation. Samples from 184 populations of 41 Potamogeton taxa were grown. The immense range of phenotypic plasticity, which is possible for a single clone, is documented in detail in 14 well-described examples. The differences among distinct populations of a single species observed in the field were mostly not maintained when grown together under the same environmental conditions. Clonal material cultivated under different values of environmental factors produced distinct phenotypes, and in a few cases a single genotype was able to demonstrate almost the entire range of morphological variation in an observed trait known for that species. Several characters by recent literature claimed to be suitable for distinguishing varieties or even species were proven to be dependent on environmental conditions and to be highly unreliable markers for the delimitation of taxa. The unsatisfactory taxonomy that results when such classification of phenotypes is adopted is illustrated by three examples from recent literature.