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Supporting Report B WATER SUPPLY OPERATIONS

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Supporting Report B WATER SUPPLY OPERATIONS Supporting Report B WATER SUPPLY OPERATIONS THE STUDY ON INTEGRATED BASIN MANAGEMENT FOCUSED ON FLOOD CONTROL IN MEJERDA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA FINAL REPORT Supporting Report B: Water Supply Operations Table of Contents Page Chapter B1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. B1-1 Chapter B2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY........................................................... B2-1 B2.1 General Approach and Data Requirements................................................................. B2-1 B2.2 Data Sources ............................................................................................................... B2-1 B2.3 Missing Information.................................................................................................... B2-2 B2.4 Analysis Method......................................................................................................... B2-2 Chapter B3 WATER RESOURCES ..................................................................................... B3-1 B3.1 General........................................................................................................................ B3-1 B3.2 Multiple Reservoir Water Resources System of Northern Tunisia ............................. B3-1 B3.3 Reservoirs ................................................................................................................... B3-2 B3.4 Salinity of Surface Water Resources........................................................................... B3-4 Chapter B4 WATER DEMANDS ......................................................................................... B4-1 B4.1 General........................................................................................................................ B4-1 B4.2 Agricultural Water Demand........................................................................................ B4-1 B4.3 Potable Water Demand................................................................................................ B4-2 B4.4 Other Water Demands................................................................................................. B4-4 B4.5 Total Demand ............................................................................................................B4-4 B4.6 Salinity Thresholds ....................................................................................................B4-5 Chapter B5 RESERVOIR STORAGE SIMULATION ...................................................... B5-1 B5.1 Demand Allocation..................................................................................................... B5-1 B5.2 Mass Balance between Water Demands and Reservoirs............................................. B5-1 B-i B5.3 Simulation of Reservoir Operations .......................................................................... B5-2 B5.4 Inflow Series............................................................................................................... B5-5 Chapter B6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................ B6-1 B6.1 Water Supply Deficits ................................................................................................. B6-1 B6.2 Storage Allocation....................................................................................................... B6-2 Chapter B7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................. B7-1 List of Tables Page Table B3.3.1 Reservoir Yields and Timeframes for Implementation........................................ BT-1 Table B3.3.2 Average Monthly and Annual Inflows ................................................................ BT-2 Table B3.3.3 Monthly Inflows for the Typical Dry Year 1960/61 ............................................ BT-3 Table B3.3.4 Average Monthly Evaporation Losses................................................................. BT-4 Table B4.3.1 Potable Water Historical Consumption and Production .................................... BT-5 Table B4.3.2 SONEDE Provisional Water Demand Forecast 2004 ........................................ BT-6 Table B4.3.3 Resources required Northern Reservoir System for Potable Water..................... BT-7 Table B4.5.1 Total Monthly Demand Applied to the Reservoir System of North Tunisia ....... BT-8 Table B4.6.1 Target Salinity for Demand Centers .................................................................... BT-9 Table B5.1.1 List of Demands Allocated to Reservoirs.......................................................... BT-10 Table B5.2.1 Water Resource Mass Balance (1/2 – 2/2)...................................................... BT-11 Table B5.3.1 Allocation of Shared Demands.......................................................................... BT-13 Table B5.3.2 Pipeline Transfer Capacities.............................................................................. BT-14 Table B6.2.1 Storage Allocation for Reservoirs in the Mejerda Basin (1/3 – 3/3) ................. BT-15 List of Figures Page Figure B3.2.1 Schematic Diagram of Dams and Water Transfer Schemes of the Mejerda River Basin..........................................................................................................BF-1 Figure B3.2.2 Schematic Diagram of the Dams and Water Transfer Schemes of the Extreme North .....................................................................................................BF-2 Figure B4.2.1 Irrigation Schemes in the Mejerda River Basin...................................................BF-3 Figure B6.1.1 Reservoir Simulation in Basin-wide Water Balance Analysis ............................BF-4 B-ii List of Related Data Contained in Data Book Page Data B1 Calculation of Active Storage Volumes ........................................................... DB1-1 Data B2 List of Demand Centers and Codes .................................................................. DB2-1 Data B3 Irrigation and Environmental Water demand (1/3 -3/3) ................................... DB3-1 Data B4 Potable Water Demand Projections for Master Planning Study (1/4 – 4/4) .......................................................................................................................... DB4-1 Data B5 Sample of Water Balance Calculation Sheet .................................................. DB5-1 B-iii The Study on Integrated Basin Management Final Report Focused on Flood Control in Mejerda River Supporting Report B CHAPTER B1 INTRODUCTION This report deals with the operation of reservoirs for water supply as part of the study on integrated basin management focused on flood control in the Mejerda River (hereinafter referred to as “the Study”). Present reservoir operations are focused on storing as much water as possible to prevent water shortages in case of severe and prolonged droughts. The main purpose of this component of the Study is to determine the amount of storage that could be reallocated to flood control at each reservoir without changing the level of water supply security or reliability that the system was designed to deliver. Reservoirs have been sized independently to provide yields that correspond to an 80% level of water supply security or reliability. Data collection carried out in the initial stages of the Study revealed that there are no storage allocation curves and no operating rules to guide decision makers and reservoir operators in the storage and release of water from reservoirs. Furthermore, the storage volume required to guarantee a given reliability of water supply is not known. Therefore, the Study has had to simulate the allocation of demands to reservoirs in the system in order to identify the requirement for water supply before proceeding with the analysis of flood control operations. Water demand centers for the system have been identified and demand forecasts have been prepared for 2010, 2020 and 2030 (the target planning year of the Study). The joint use of reservoirs for water supply and flood control purposes creates a problem for storage allocation. Water supply operations require as much water as possible to minimize the risk of shortages during dry years. On the other hand, flood control operations require that water levels be reduced to store some or all of the inflow from a flood event. Such competitive uses can share the same storage space. However, seasonal water supply needs must be clearly defined in order to know how much storage can be allocated to flood control without decreasing reliability of water supply. A water balance model is used to simulate monthly storage at all reservoirs in the multi-reservoir water resources system of Northern Tunisia. The simulation uses a trial and error approach to identify how much water must be stored on a monthly basis to minimize deficits. Additional storage for flood control is identified when the active storage required for water supply operations with a given level of water supply security is less than the storage volume provided at normal water level. Nippon Koei Co.,Ltd. B1-1 January 2009 The Study on Integrated Basin Management Final Report Focused on Flood Control in Mejerda River Supporting Report B CHAPTER B2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY B2.1 General Approach and Data Requirements To assess the potential for reallocating storage to flood control, it is first necessary to know what criteria for reliability has been used to calculate the yield of each reservoir in the system.
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