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A Hydroponic System for Indoor Plant Growth

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A Hydroponic System for Indoor Plant Growth International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR INDOOR PLANT GROWTH SHREYASH MAHADEV GHATAGE1, SHUBHAM R. DONE1, SOHAIL AKHTAR1, SHRREGANESH JADHAV1, REVANASIDDAPPA HAVARAGI2 1Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Maratha Mandal Engineering College, Belagavi 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Maratha Mandal Engineering College, Belagavi ----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract - Growing certain plants and vegetables in The purpose of the project is to expand and remote areas such as deserts and the north and South improve the utilization of hydroponics as well as to Pole can be a challenge because of the extreme create an environmentally independent system for outside weather. Very few species of plants thrive in indoor plant growth. In a hydroponic system, a plant is such situations and are often not used as a food placed in a solution composed of soluble nutrients and source. [1] In this study, we created a system that can water as opposed to soil. In most conventional grow common plants and vegetables and can operate hydroponic systems, parameters such as EC and pH of without depending on the outside climate. We the water solution are set to the desired value while achieved this by using a technique called Hydroponics. setting up the system [4], [5]. In this project we built a Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without system that grows plant without use of soil. In general, using soil. System parameters can be maintained and the process goes as follows: create a nutrient solution controlled by a sensor such as pH sensor, water based on the plant being grown, apply this solution to a temperature sensor and air temperature/humidity bed of water, and place a germinated plant into the sensor. For adequate management of water and water such that the exposed roots are touching the nutrients in the hydroponic system the electrical solution. If the parameters are maintained within conductivity, pH dissolved oxygen and temperature optimum levels, the plant should grow faster and should be measured because ion concentrations in the healthier than its natural growth. Typically hydroponic nutrient solutions change with time, resulting in a systems require human interactions when it comes to nutrient imbalance. In closed hydroponic systems real the regulation of certain elements that allow the plant to time measurement of all nutrients are required but grow [6]. such measurements are not available due to technical problems. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY The earliest published work on growing Nutrient solution, Horizontal Cylinder Key Words: terrestrial plants without soil was the 1627 book Sylva Hydroponics, Continuous flow solution culture, NFT, Sylvarum by Francis Bacon, printed a year after his Flow rate death. Water culture became a popular research technique after that. In 1699, John Woodward published 1. INTRODUCTION his water culture experiments with spearmint. He found 1.1 WHAT IS HYDROPONICS? that plants in less-pure water sources grew better than plants in distilled water. By 1842, a list of nine elements “Hydroponics is a method of growing certain believed to be essential for plant growth had been plants and vegetables without soil instead of plants are compiled, and the discoveries of German botanists Julius grown in solution composed of nutrients in water von Sachs and Wilhelm Knop, in the years 1859-1875, solvents.” resulted in development of technique of soilless cultivation. Growth of terrestrial plants without soil in 1.2 NEED OF HYDROPONICS mineral nutrients solutions are called solution culture. It quickly became a standard research and teaching The production of agriculture and livestock technique and is still widely used. Solution culture is sector is very seasonal and the climate is the main cause. now considered a type of hydroponics where there is no In order to make the production as continuous as inert medium. [7] Growth of terrestrial plants without possible the application of new production techniques is soil in mineral nutrients solutions are called solution required. Thus, a hydroponic [3] system for indoor plant culture. It quickly became a standard research and growth and fodder production allows that there is a food teaching technique and is still widely used. Solution supplement for human beings in daily life and animals culture is now considered a type of hydroponics where on a farm, continuously and at any time of the year. there is no inert medium. © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1279 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 In 1929, William Frederick Gericke of the nutrient delivery and environmental control, will further University of California at Berkeley began publicly improve plant productivity and performance. promoting that solution culture be used for agriculture crop production. [8][9] He first termed it aquaculture 4. WORKING METHODOLOGY but later found that aquaculture was already applied to culture of aquatic organisms. Gericke created a sensation 4.1CONTINUOUS-FLOW SOLUTION CULTURE by growing tomato with use of nutrient solution rather than soil. [10] He introduced the term hydroponics in In continuous-flow solution culture, the nutrient 1937, proposed to him by W.A. Setchell. Reports of solution constantly flows past the roots. It is much easier Gericke’s work and his claims that hydroponics would to automate than the static solution culture because revolutionize plant agriculture prompted a huge number sampling and adjustments to the temperature and of requests for further information. He denied the use of nutrient concentrations can be made in a large storage Universities greenhouse for his experiments due to the tank that has potential to serve thousands of plants. A administration’s skepticism. He published the book, popular variation in the nutrient film technique or NFT, Complete Guide to Soil less Gardening, after leaving its whereby a very shallow stream of water containing all position. the dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is recirculated past the bare roots of plants in a watertight One of the earliest successes of hydroponics thick root mat, which develops in the bottom of the occurred on Wake Island, a rocky atoll in the Pacific channel and has an upper surface that, although moist, is Ocean used as refueling stop for Pan American Airlines. in the air, Subsequent to this, an abundant supply of Hydroponics used there was in 1930s to grow vegetables oxygen is provided to the roots of the plants. for the passengers. Hydroponics required in a Wake Island because there was no soil and it was prohibitively As a general guide, flow rates for each gully expensive to airlift in fresh vegetables. should be 1 liter per minute. At planning, rates may be half this and the upper limit of 2L/min appears about the In the1960s, Allen Cooper of England developed maximum. Flow rates beyond these extremes are often the Nutrient film technique. The land Pavilion at Walt associated with nutritional problems. Depressed growth Disney World’s EPCOT Center opened in 1982 and rates of many crops have been observed when channels prominently features a variety of hydroponic techniques. exceed 12 meters in length. According to studies while In recent decades, NASA has done extensive hydroponic oxygen level has been remaining adequate, nitrogen may research for its Controlled Ecological Life Support be depleted over the length of the gully. As a System (CELS). Hydroponic intended to take place on consequence, channel length should not exceed 10-15- mars are using LED lighting to grow in a different color meter length. In situations where it is not possible, the spectrum with much less heat. reductions in growth can be eliminated by placing another nutrient feed halfway along the gully and having Plants which are not traditionally grown in a the flow rates through each outlet. climate would be possible to grow using a controlled environment system like hydroponics. NASA has also looked to utilize hydroponics in the space program. Ray Wheeler, a plant physiologist at Kennedy Space Center’s Space Life Science Lab, believes that hydroponics will create advances within space travel. He terms this as a bioregenerative life support system. [11] 3. OBJECTIVE The main objective of hydroponic is to supply the ideal environment for optimum plant performance. Although technically not a portion of hydroponic, growers typically try to provide ideal environmental factors also. Plant performance may be further optimized by controlling the climate and lighting. Employing a greenhouse provides natural lighting can also guarantee the optimal season for optimum plant performance. Advances in technology in lighting, © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1280 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 5. DESIGN OF THE PROJECT 5.1 CALCULATION OF THE PROJECT i. DESIGN OF SHAFT Consider the material of the shaft assumed to be – MS C40 STEEL Sy = 330 MPa W.K.T by maximum shear stress theory Ssd = 0.5 Sy Fig. 4.1.1 Above figure shows overall view about the Ssd = 0.5*330 hydroponics NFT system. Ssd = 165 MPa 4.2 HORIZONTAL CYLINDER TYPE HYDROPONICS (ROTARY) Let the power of motor is given by, A rotary hydroponic garden is a style of Given, P = 145 W commercial hydroponics created within a circular frame which rotates continuously during the entire growth cycle of whatever plant is being grown. While system specifics vary, systems typically rotate once per hour, giving a plant 24 full turns within the circle each 24-hour period. Within the center of each 3 Nmm rotary hydroponic garden can be a high intensity grow light, designed to simulate sunlight, often with the By torsion equation, assistance of a mechanized timer.
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