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Radiotracer Studies of Fungicide Residues in Food Plants Iaea, Vienna, 1990 Iaea-Tecdoc-554 Issn 1011-4289

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Radiotracer Studies of Fungicide Residues in Food Plants Iaea, Vienna, 1990 Iaea-Tecdoc-554 Issn 1011-4289 IAEA-TECDOC-554 RADIOTRACER STUDIES OF FUNGICIDE RESIDUES FOON I D PUNTS PROCEEDING FINAA F SO L RESEARCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING ORGANIZED BY THE JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND HEL ANKARADN I , 13-17 MARCH 1989 ATECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1989 RADIOTRACER STUDIES OF FUNGICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD PLANTS IAEA, VIENNA, 1990 IAEA-TECDOC-554 ISSN 1011-4289 Printe IAEe th Austrin Ay i d b a April 1990 The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro e INImth S Clearinghouse. FOREWORD Growing world population and food demand have dictated the introduction of intensive agricultural practice n increasina sf o involvin e us g e rangth g e of pesticide chemicals considerabla o t d . le Thi s seha increas foon ei d crop production. However, wit e increasinhth agriculturaf o e gus l chemicaln so crops, there is a major concern from a toxicological standpoint. Such use must not result in the retention of appreciable (and potentially toxic) residue foon so d products. Even when pesticid e conformeus currentlo st y adopted standards of good management practice, undesirable side effects may occu d couldan r timest ,a , conceivably endanger public health o ensurT . e safety-in-use, adequate monitoring programmes shoul availablee db . In 1984, the Joint FAO/IAEA Division, recognizing the need for coordinated research on the fate and terminal residues of agrofungicides in food plants and further recognizing that such internationally coordinated research efforts have not been undertaken, established the coordinated research programme on "Radiotracer studies of fungicide residues in food plants". In initiating this programme, the Joint FAO/IAEA Division recognized that major knowledge gaps exist in the subject area, that, if filled, would greatl developind yai g nation thein i s r effort o safelst d effectivelyan y utilize fungicide chemicals to maximize food production. The programme was targeted specifically to conduct coordinated research that addressed these needs. Data generated under this programme are important to national food quality programmes and can assist in evaluating the possible impact of residues in food on the consumer. In this context, radiotracer techniques provide a powerful research tool in detecting, quantifying and identifying chemical residues associated with biological matrices. These techniques also constitut e onleth y effective mean detectinn si quantifyind an g g possible chemical binding to food, plants and soil. The results obtained also provide a significant contribution to the International Joint FAO/WHO Pesticide Residue Programme which establishes international recommendationr sfo acceptable daily intak humanr e fo maximu d san m residue limit foon d feedi s an d . EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this material for the press, staff of the International Atomic Energy Agency have mounted and paginated the original manuscripts as submitted by the authors and given some attention to the presentation. The views expressed papers,the statementsin the general madethe and style adoptedthe are responsibility namedofthe authors. necessarilyviewsnot The do reflect governmentsthosethe of of the Member States or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced. thisin The bookuse of particular designations countriesof territoriesor does implynot any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. Authors themselvesare responsible obtainingfor necessarythe permission reproduceto copyright material from other sources. CONTENTS Radiotracer studie f maneo s ethylenethioured ban tomatn ai osoiln i fruit d s an .................s 7 . M.R. Musumeci, S. de Barras Ostiz, T. Bonanho, M.C.D. Suva, E. Flores Ruegg Radiotracer studie f maneo s b residue tomatn si o plants ................................................7 1 . O. Pazmino, M. Bolanos, L. Espinosa, M. Moran, J. Molineros, R. Merino Residue f maneo s tomatn bi theid oan r persistence during cookin storagd gan e ..................5 2 . D. Kolankaya, A. Oegues, Z. Ayas, M.T. Akay Ethylenethiourea (ETU ethylenethiurad )an m monosulfide (ETM bean )i n plants treated with I4C-maneb .............................................................................................. 31 A.H.E. Harhash, Hegazi,B. S.M.A.D. Zayed Fat f 14eo C-mane soyabean bi n plants .....................................................................1 4 . A.H.E. Harhash, S.M.A.D. Zayed, B. Hegazi Degradatio f maneno ethylenethioureo bt largn ai e pepper ............................................9 4 . F. Rarnon, Espinosa,J. Batista,A. ArchibaldW. Radiotracer stud f mancozeyo b residue tomatn i s o plants .............................................5 5 . Lianzhong Zhang, Huanfang Wang, HanhongMo Residues of mancozeb and ethylenethiourea in cucumber treated with 14C-mancozeb under field conditions ......................................................................................1 6 . S.M.F. Calumpang, M.J.V. Barredo, N.P. Roxas, E.D. Magallona Residues of mancozeb and ethylenethiourea in beans .................................................... 73 M.R. Musumeci, M.C.D. Suva, FloresE. Ruegg, RolimP. Mancozeb residue tomatn i s o plants ........................................................................9 7 . Johari Ramli,bin Juzu H.B. shad,Ar Maliki Ismail,bin Samsuddin Abdulbin Wahab Persistence and metabolism of mancozeb in brinjal (egg plant) ....................................... 85 Agarwal,C. H. KumarU. Effect of washing, baking and cooking on aged residues of mancozeb in brinjals (egg plants) ................................................................................................... 93 Agarwal,C. H. KumarU. Radiotracer study of zineb residues in egg plant-soil systems ......................................... 97 QianJ. An, Zhang,L. F. Wang,G. Mo, H. Persistence of 14C-ethylenethiourea in brinjal plants and soil (Abstract) ............................. 103 H.C. Agarwal, Kumar,U. D.K. Singh Studies of 14C-mancozeb fungicide and I4C-ethylenethiourea in silty clay loam soil (Summary) ..................................................................................................... 105 S.M.F. Calumpang, M.J.V. Barredo, N.P. Roxas, E.D. Magallona An attempt to separate ethylenethiourea and ethyleneurea, degradation products of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates), using HPLC ............................................................ 107 P.N. Moza, K. Husten Appraisa Co-ordinatee th f o l d Research Programme ...................................................l Il . Model protocol determinatioe th r fo s f ethylenebis-dithiocarbamatno e residues ...................7 12 . Annex I. Treatment of food plants with 14C-EBDC fungicides and analysi f residueo s s ....................................................................8 12 . Annex II. Treatment of soil with 14C-EBDC fungicides and analysis of residues ............ 133 Annex III. Methods for the determination of EBDCs and degradation products .............. 136 List of Participants ............................................................................................. 139 Lis f Publicationo t s produced withi Agrochemicale nth Residued an s s Programme since 1982 ....................................................................................................1 14 . RADIOTRACER STUDIES OF MANEB AND ETHYLENETHIOUREA IN TOMATO FRUITS AN SOILN DI S . MUSUMECIM.R BARROE D . S , S OSTIZ . BONANHOT , , M.C.D. SILVA, E. FLORES RUEGG Radioisotope Center, Biological Institute, Sào Paulo, Brazil Abstract residueU ET Mane d an bs were studie tomatoen o d s afte fielr4 d sprayings with 14C-maneb. The residue declined with time; 14 days after the last application, pg/0 fruitmanef 3. o g d 0.0 d ban sha 3 pg/ ETUf go rip n O . e fruits, mane s detectedbwa concentratioU ET n I .o n 6 MS/'S t 0. bu >s nwa 14 tomatoes with a single C-maneb spray, the radiocarbon was associated mainly with the fruit skin; 1.2% were detected in pulp and no activity in seeds. Washing fruits decreased ETU content, but cooking increased ETU levels 14 substantially. In fruits treated with one application of C-ETU, the half-life was 5.7 days with ethyleneurea and ethylenediamine as major 14 14 degradation products soin I .l treated with C-mane r bo C-ETU , 14 C-labelled residues disappeared fairly rapidly. 14C-ETU in soil had a half-life of less than 4 weeks. In soil, most of the radioactivity derived 4 1 from 14C-mane b or C-ETU was found in the top 5 cm layer. Methanol non-extractable activity was substantial in soils treated with 14C-maneb or 14 14 C-ETU. When soil samples were incubated with C-ETU under laboratory conditions, mineralization O occurreevolveC d ddan contribute14 d 27-42% of the initial radioactivity after 35 days. 1. INTRODUCTION Maneb (manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate EBDe th C f o e on s )i fungicides,
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