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Webové Diskusní Fórum MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA F}w¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ AKULTA INFORMATIKY !"#$%&'()+,-./012345<yA| Webové diskusní fórum BAKALÁRSKÁˇ PRÁCE Martin Bana´s Brno, Jaro 2009 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že tato bakaláˇrskápráce je mým p ˚uvodnímautorským dílem, které jsem vy- pracoval samostatnˇe.Všechny zdroje, prameny a literaturu, které jsem pˇrivypracování používal nebo z nich ˇcerpal,v práci ˇrádnˇecituji s uvedením úplného odkazu na pˇríslušný zdroj. V Brnˇe,dne . Podpis: . Vedoucí práce: prof. RNDr. JiˇríHˇrebíˇcek,CSc. ii Podˇekování Dˇekujivedoucímu prof. RNDr. JiˇrímuHˇrebíˇckovi,CSc. za správné vedení v pr ˚ubˇehucelé práce a trpˇelivostpˇrikonzutacích. Dále dˇekujicelému kolektivu podílejícímu se na reali- zaci projektu FEED za podnˇetnépˇripomínkya postˇrehy. iii Shrnutí Bakaláˇrskápráce se zabývá analýzou souˇcasnýchdiskusních fór typu open-source a vý- bˇerem nejvhodnˇejšíhodiskusního fóra pro projekt eParticipation FEED. Další ˇcástpráce je zamˇeˇrenána analýzu vybraného fóra, tvorbu ˇceskéhomanuálu, ˇceskélokalizace pro portál a rozšíˇrenípro anotaci pˇríspˇevk˚u. Poslední kapitola je vˇenovánanasazení systému do provozu a testování rozšíˇrení pro anotaci pˇríspˇevk˚u. iv Klíˇcováslova projekt FEED, eParticipation, diskusní fórum, portál, PHP, MySQL, HTML v Obsah 1 Úvod ...........................................3 2 Projekt eParticipation FEED .............................4 2.1 eGovernment ...................................4 2.2 Úˇcastníciprojektu FEED .............................4 2.3 Zamˇeˇreníprojektu FEED .............................5 2.4 Cíl projektu ....................................5 3 Licence GNU/GPL ...................................6 3.1 GNU/GPL Verze 1 ................................6 3.2 GNU/GPL Verze 2 ................................6 3.3 GNU/GPL Verze 3 ................................6 4 Analýza souˇcasnýchopen-source diskusních fór .................7 4.1 Požadavky .....................................7 4.2 Kandidáti ......................................8 4.2.1 Phorum . .8 4.2.2 phpBB . .8 4.2.3 MyBB . .8 4.2.4 PunBB . .9 4.2.5 SMF . .9 4.3 Analýza vlastností ................................9 4.3.1 Dostupnost aktualizací . .9 4.3.2 Pˇrehlednost . 10 4.3.3 Dostupnost rozšíˇrení(plugin ˚u). 11 4.3.4 Dokumentace . 12 4.3.5 Dostupnost lokalizace . 13 4.3.6 Licence . 13 4.3.7 Proces instalace . 13 4.3.8 Podpora komunity . 14 4.4 Závˇer ........................................ 15 5 Analýza diskusního fóra MyBB ........................... 16 5.1 Uživatelské role .................................. 16 5.1.1 Nepˇrihlášenýuživatel . 16 5.1.2 Pˇrihlášenýuživatel . 16 5.1.3 Moderátor . 16 5.1.4 Administrátor . 18 5.2 Datový model ................................... 19 5.2.1 Hlavní entity . 19 6 Podpora anotace (tagování) pˇríspˇevk˚upro diskusní fórum ........... 21 1 6.1 Požadavky ..................................... 21 6.2 Realizace ...................................... 22 6.2.1 Soubory editpost.php, newreply.php, newthread.php . 22 6.2.2 Soubor functions_search.php . 22 6.2.3 Soubor modcp.php . 23 6.2.4 Soubor post.php . 24 6.2.5 Soubor tagovaci_system.php . 25 6.2.6 Soubory showthread.php, search.php . 25 6.3 Závˇer ........................................ 25 7 Uživatelský manuál k diskusnímu fóru ....................... 26 8 Ceskᡠlokalizace diskusního fóra .......................... 27 8.1 Modifikace stávající lokalizace .......................... 27 8.2 Tvorba lokalizace pro tagovací systém ..................... 27 9 Implementace a testování ............................... 28 10 Závˇer ........................................... 29 A Odkazy na citovaný software ............................. 32 B Obsah pˇriloženéhoCD: ................................ 33 2 Kapitola 1 Úvod Webové diskusní fórum je v dnešní dobˇepro mnoho lidí neodmyslitelnou souˇcástíinter- netových stránek. Mnoho portál ˚umá své vlastní diskusní fórum. To m ˚užesloužit napˇrí- klad k podpoˇreuživatel ˚uvyužívajících urˇcitéslužby nebo pro sdílení názor ˚ua myšlenek mezi uživateli. Obsahem této bakaláˇrsképráce je analýza dostupných open-source diskusních fór a výbˇervhodného kanditáta na základˇepožadavk ˚uprojektu eParticipation FEED. Prak- tickou ˇcástípráce je lokalizace fóra do ˇceštinya vytvoˇreníˇceskéhomanuálu. Další ˇcást práce se zabývá rozšíˇrenímfunkcionality vybraného diskusního fóra o anotaci pˇríspˇevk ˚u podle podrobného seznamu požadavk ˚u. V závˇeru práce je popsáno nasazení vybraného diskusního fóra, implementace vytvo- ˇrenéhodoplˇnkupro anotaci pˇríspˇevk˚ua testování pˇreduvedením do ostrého provozu. 3 Kapitola 2 Projekt eParticipation FEED Projekt FEED je souˇcástípˇrípravnéakce Evropské Unie „eParticipation“. Hlavním cílem eParticipation projekt ˚uje zvýšení úˇcastiveˇrejnostiv politice za využití informaˇcnícha komunikaˇcníchtechnologií. Cílem je podávat uživatel ˚umsmysluplné informace a zlepšit legislativní a rozhodovací postupy na všech úrovních rozhodování státní správy v rámci eGovernmentu.1 2.1 eGovernment eGovernment se zabývá využitím informaˇcnícha komunikaˇcníchtechnologií ve veˇrejné správˇe.Klíˇcovéjsou hlavnˇetyto požadavky: • Informace od obˇcanaby mˇelybýt získávany jen jednou. Nemˇeloby docházet k si- tuacím, kdy obˇcanmusí oznamovat jednu událost na více místech. To by mˇelobýt zajištˇenokomunikací mezi jednotlivými subjekty státní správy. • Mˇeloby existovat spoleˇcnémísto pro všechny úˇredníúkony. Obˇcanby pˇrivyˇrizo- vání žádosti mˇelbýt schopen vyˇríditvšechno na jednom místˇe,bez navštˇevování dalších úˇrad˚u.Zároveˇnby mˇelmít i možnost volby poboˇcky(nejen v místˇetrvalého bydlištˇe)a také volbu formy komunikace (osobnˇe,telefonicky, elektronicky). • Omezení komunikace se subjekty státní správy na minimum. Pokud existují vˇeci, které m ˚užestátní správa zaˇríditsama, mˇelaby to zaˇríditautomaticky bez aktivity obˇcana. Tento model pˇrinášíˇraduvýhod i pro samotný stát. Zejména jde o zrychlení vnitˇrních proces ˚ua zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti v ekonomice. Procesy fungující automaticky, výraznˇešetˇríˇcasa jsou mnohem efektivnˇejší. 2.2 Úˇcastníciprojektu FEED Koordinátorem projektu je Národní technická univerzita Athény. Na projektu se dále podílí Masarykova univerzita, firma Public-i Group Limited, holandská firma Zenc BV, Athénské technologické centrum (Athens Technology Center S.A.) a ˇreckáEgejská uni- verzita (University of the Aegean). Projekt, který má vzniknout spoluprací tˇechtostran, má být na základˇezískaných zkušeností rozšíˇrendo všech zemí Evropské Unie. Rešeníˇ 1. HREB͡ CEKˇ J. a PETERS R. FEED – End-User Characteristics and System Actors, 18. 1. 2009, str. 9. 4 2. PROJEKT EPARTICIPATION FEED projektu potrvá do 31. prosince 2009. Bˇehemtéto doby budou všechny strany shromaž- d’ovat zkušenosti s používáním portálu. V Ceskéˇ republice se do tohoto testování pˇri- hlásilo Ministerstvo životního prostˇredí CRˇ a SR, Jihomoravský kraj a statutární mˇesto Brno. 2.3 Zamˇeˇreníprojektu FEED Zlepšování fáze podávání legislativních návrh ˚u. Tato fáze je zamˇeˇrena na vˇcasné in- dikování pˇrípadnýchsociálních problém ˚u,prozkoumání celkového prostˇredía vybudo- vání prostˇredípro transparentní politiku. Budou pˇritomvyužívány informace z již fun- gujících projekt ˚ueParticipation v Evropské Unii.2 Podpora komunikace na úrovni samosprávy se skuteˇcnouEvropskou orientací. Pod- pora se pˇredevšímzamˇeˇrujena získání dostateˇcnéhomnožství úˇcastník˚uze strany ve- ˇrejnostia veˇrejnésprávy. Zajišt’uje pozadí pro celkovou diskusi nad danými problémy, vˇcetnˇeprezentace pˇredkládanýchnávrh ˚ua diskuse nad podmínkami ˇcizmˇenami.2 Zamˇeˇrenína rámec problém ˚usouvisející s životním prostˇredíma energetikou. Využití osvˇedˇcenýchnástroj ˚ua vedení skuteˇcnýmiexperty týmu projektu FEED.2 Testování nových pˇrístup˚u,zvyšujících participaci veˇrejnosti. Pˇredevšímse jedná o vy- užití technologie Web 2.0, sociální techniky a anotaˇcníchnástroj ˚upro diskutovaný ob- sah.2 2.4 Cíl projektu Cílem ˇrešeníprojektu FEED je webový portál, poskytující svým uživatel ˚umjednoduchý pˇrístupk dokument ˚um.Tyto dokumenty by mˇelyobsahovat dostatek informací o pro- blémech spojených pˇredevšíms životním prostˇredíma energetikou. Projekt FEED pod- poruje debaty o ˇrešenítˇechtoproblém ˚uplynoucích z Evropských právních akt ˚u,proto i webový portál bude zamˇeˇrenpˇredevšímna veˇrejnédiskuse a debaty. Projekt poskytne nástroje (webový portál, webové diskusní fórum), a zajistí úˇcastveˇrejnosti v komunikaci s veˇrejnousprávou. 2. HREB͡ CEKˇ J. a PETERS R. FEED – End-User Characteristics and System Actors, 18. 1. 2009, str. 9. 5 Kapitola 3 Licence GNU/GPL Cílem práce je vybrat vhodné diskusní fórum typu open-source. S pojmem „open-source“ pˇrímosouvisí termín GNU/GPL. Zkratka GPL znamená „General Public License“, což je v pˇrekladu„Všeobecná ve- ˇrejnálicence“. Tato licence byla sepsána v roce 1989 Richardem Stallmanem pro GNU projekt. GNU/GPL je na rozdíl od ostatních silnˇeCopyleftovou licencí. To znamená, že díla vycházející ze zdrojového kódu uvolnˇenéhopod GNU/GPL musí být dále distribu- ována také pouze pod touto licencí. GNU/GPL dále požaduje, aby autor modifikované verze uvedl své jméno. Je to jediný zp ˚usob,jak odlišit r ˚uznéverze softwaru a chránit reputaci ostatních vývojáˇr˚u. 3.1 GNU/GPL Verze 1 První verze GNU/GPL licence byla vydána v roce 1989. Kladla vývojáˇr˚uma distributo- r ˚umpovinnost publikovat kromˇebinárních soubor ˚ui zdrojové kódy kv ˚ulimožnosti mo- difikace kódu tˇretímistranami. Druhá povinnost se týkala modifikace softwaru. Pokud byl software pod GNU/GPL jakkoli modifikován nebo pokud došlo ke slouˇcenídvou
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