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Digital Editing

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Digital Editing Digital Editing Battle Creek Area Community Television 70 West Michigan Ave., Suite 112 • Battle Creek, MI 49017 • (269) 968-3633 • http://accessvision.tv What is editing? Editing is part of the post-production process, or anything that you do to a video after recording. The goal of editing is to arrange pieces of raw footage into a context that tells a story or documents an event. What can you do in the process of editing? The majority of editing consists of trimming clips to remove unwanted sec- tions, and re-arranging parts to put things in order. You can also remove/add sound, change the volume and mix ofmusic, narration and sound effects. You can also swap audio for video, change the video by applying special effects or adding graphics (titles, credits) and add transitions between clips. Digital or “non-linear” editing is non-destructive; you can work out of order, and edits are easy to revise. What CAN’T you do in the process of editing? No amount of editing can make bad video footage look good. Focus, framing, under-/overexposed video and audio that is severly overdriven cannot be fixed. You cannot make bad audio good by remov- ing background noise. Terminology Import – process of bringing raw material into iMovie. Footage is copied over from SD cards, which shows up as Clips in the project. Photos, scans and sound files can also be imported into iMovie. Clip - basic unit of media. A clip can be a piece of footage you’ve captured, or a still image. Clips Pane - window that stores all of the video and still clips as they are imported into iMovie. As clips are drug into the Timeline, they disappear from the pane. Timeline – edited assembly of audio and video clips. The Timeline is visual representation of your program, and includes tracks for video and audio. When you assemble your program, you are working on the Timeline. Clip Viewer - an alternate view of the Timeline. It displays clips in a “slide show” layout. Icons for clips are all the same size, regardless of the clip’s length. This view works best for rearranging the order of clips. Scrubbing - process of dragging the play head through a clip at high speed; similar to shuttling a tape. You’re able to speed through a clip to quickly search without watching the entire clip, using the play head. Render - process of combining raw video clip media with effects, transitions or titles to produce a new video file. When effects are applied, the end product is not playable in “real time” until it has been rendered. The computer processes the necessary math to produce the effect, and writes a new file. Depending upon the complexity and length of the effect, rendering can take anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes or even hours. B-roll - video that is not the main action that illustrates or shows examples; supplementary or back up materials. 1 Getting Started 1. Power up. Hit the space bar to wake the computer up. Or, if the computer is turned off, boot it up by pressing the power button on the front of the CPU. When the computer has finished booting, you will see the desktop, which shows icons for the hard drive (Macintosh HD). This is called the Finder. Please, for your own sake, for the sake of the other people working on this computer, the staff, and all of humanity, DO NOT MESS WITH ANY OF THE COMPUTER SETTINGS OR THROW ANYTHING AWAY THAT IS NOT YOURS. DO NOT TRY TO ERASE OR INSTALL ANYTHING. If you have problems or are unsure about anything, please ask for assistance. 2. Connect the Firewire Drive. 3. Start iMovie and Create a New Project. Along the bottom of the screen is a strip called the Dock. It has icons for all of the programs. Click on iMovie and the program will start. When you open iMovie this way, you are presented with several options on the iMovie startup screen; select Create a New Project. When you start a new Project, the first thing you must do is you tell the program where to save your files: 1. From the list on the left, select Firewire Drive. 2. Give your project a name. 3. Click on Create. IMPORTANT! Only save projects to the Firewire Drive. Never save anything to the Macintosh HD. If you are unsure where you are saving your project, ask for help before proceeding. ANY WORK SAVED ON THE MACINTOSH HD WILL BE TRASHED. The next time you come in to work on your movie: 1. Double-click on your Firewire Drive on the desktop 2. Double click on your project to open it. 2 3 4 Overview of the Process 1. Acquire source material. Import raw footage from SD cards, bring other graphics and video files into iMovie. 2. Assemble a “rough cut”. Drag the shots into the Timeline, in order, and trim away any unwanted portions. 3. Refine and finish. Add transitions, effects and titles; add music and sound effects and mix audio. When finished, the program must be encoded into an MPEG2 file, and may be burned to a DVD. Importing footage files 1. In the Dock, click on the Finder. Insert the SD card into the card reader. The card will show up on the Desktop as CAM_SD 2. Navigate to the VIDEO folder to find your footage. The VIDEO folder is located in: PRIVATE > MEIGROUP > SBGDVSD folders on CAM_SD. Video clips will have .AVI on the end of the file names. 3. Drag and drop the AVI files onto the Clips Pane to copy the files into your project. 4. When copying is finished, right-click on the CAM_SD icon on the desktop and choose EJECT. DO NOT REMOVE THE CARD FROM THE READER UNLESS THE CARD HAS BEEN EJECTED FIRST! IMPORTANT! * DO NOT EVER PULL A CARD FROM THE READER OR CAMERA WHILE THE ACCESS LIGHT IS FLASHING! DOING SO WILL RUIN THE CARD AND MAKE FILES UNUSABLE!! * RESPECT THE SD CARDS! All of your hard work put in to shooting resides only on these little cards. If you mis-manage, lose or accidentally delete your files, your footage is GONE for good. There is no getting it back! 5 iMovie can also import several other types of multimedia files that can be used in your video. These include (but are not limited to): • Graphics files: JPEG, GIF, PICT, BMP, Photoshop • Video files: Quicktime, AVI, MP4, DV stream • Audio files: AIFF, WAV, mp3, Audio CD tracks Simply drag files from the Finder into the Clips Pane to import. Or, you can go to the File menu and select Import... to select the file you want to import. Imported video or graphics files will show up as a clip in the Clips Pane, and can be treated the same as any other video clips. Once a file has been imported, iMovie no longer needs the original file. When files are imported, iMovie makes its own version of the files by copying them into the project. This process makes the iMovie project self- contained, but also doubles the amount of space used if the original files already reside on the same drive prior to importing. This can be cumbersome if you are working with long clips. You can avoid duplicating large media files this way by simply moving the media files into iMovie’s hidden MEDIA folder, instead of importing: 1. Close the project or quit iMovie. 2. In the Finder, right-click on your iMovie project file and select “Show Package Contents”. Find the MEDIA folder. 3. Double-click on your hard drive to open a new window for it. Drag all of the .AVI files into the MEDIA folder. 4. Double-click your iMovie project to open it. It will warn you that some stray files were found in the trash; select View Trash. 5. In iMovie, drag the files from the Trash into the Clips Pane, Timeline or Clip Viewer and edit as usual. It can be helpful to give clips meaningful names after importing. To rename a clip, click on its name to highlight it, then type the new name and hit ENTER or RETURN on the keyboard. Saving Your Work It’s a good habit to get into saving your work often. In the event of a crash, you will lose all of your re- cent edits unless you have saved. To save your project, go to the File menu and select Save Project. Note that each time a project is saved, iMovie forgets all of the Undos. 6 Editing and Trimming Clips iMovie provides more than one way to perform most tasks. You have many options to edit clips: you can either trim clips first, and then put them in the Timeline, or you can drag everything into the Timeline and then trim each clip. Whichever method you choose is entirely up to you, but there are five main ways to trim clips in iMovie. You can trim clips either from the Clips Pane or the Timeline. Click once on a clip to load it into the Monitor window. Press the spacebar to play the clip, or drag the Playhead to scrub through it. Once you’ve decided which footage to use or to cut, do one of the following: Trimming Method #1: Press the Delete key • Click and drag under the blue Scrubber Bar to select the range of footage you want to cut out. White Trim Handles will appear on either side of the yellow portion you have selected.
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