SABRINA TIMES July 2019
Open University Geological Society Severnside Branch
Branch Organiser’s Report
Hello everyone, This year’s programme of events continues apace, with one overseas trip and two day trips being held since publication of our last newsletter. The industrious efforts of our trip organisers often go unnoticed and I’d just like to take this opportunity to thank Michelle, Jan, Kath and Teresa for producing a splendid programme this year. A group of OUGS members visited the Solnhofen area of southern Germany in May. Although the main theme of the visit was the primitive dinosaur-like bird Archaeopteryx and included visits to museums and quarries (for fossil- hunting), we also spent time at the Ries impact crater and the attractive walled town of Nordlingen. But the headline news was that Severnside member Terry Blake shot to fame during a fossil-hunting session in a quarry when he discovered a very fine specimen of the lobster Eryon cuvieri, apparently the first specimen of this species to be recorded from the Mörnsheim Formation of the Late Jurassic! Terry generously donated his rare find to the Bürgermeister-Müller Museum in Solnhofen so that it could be professionally prepared and made available for research and public display. Well done Terry. We hope to include some reports of this very successful trip in future editions of Sabrina Times. In June we spent a very full day with leader Dr Gareth George at the Mumbles and Caswell Bay areas of the Gower Peninsula, when we examined a variety of Carboniferous Limestone exposures and structural features associated with the Variscan Orogeny. Gareth was as enthusiastic as ever, and many a find was preceded by the words “boy oh boy, just look at this!” The geology of this area is very well described in Gareth’s excellent book “The Geology of South Wales: A Field Guide”, and it was a real treat to have Gareth as our personal guide for the day. Later in June we explored the coastline at the small village of Amroth in the company of Dr Geraint Owen. This section of the coast to the north of Saundersfoot in South Pembrokeshire is also of Carboniferous age, but the rocks are younger and have the added attraction of coal deposits. A report of the trip, kindly written by Mark Turner, is included in this newsletter. The detailed programme for the OUGS Symposium in August is now available on the website at: https://ougs.org/ society-events/19/ougs-47th-annual-symposium-milton-keynes/. With a number of wide-ranging talks by research staff at the Open University, along with a choice of interesting workshops and lab tours to suit all tastes, this promises to be a memorable event. A booking form is available to download from the website, so book today if you haven’t already done so! A new date for your diary is our annual Day of Lectures, which this year is being held on Saturday 7th December at the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff. Michelle is currently busy organising the speaker programme, so keep an eye on the OUGS website for further details of the event. Finally, our next field trip takes place on the picturesque coast of West Wales on Saturday 20th and Sunday 21st July, and will be led by Dave Green. There will be lots of good geology on offer, and day visitors are very welcome. Full details of the trip are provided on page 10 of this newsletter. Best wishes, Norman Nimmo-Smith
In this issue: Woolhope Dome 2 Amroth 7 Events 10 Contacts 11 Jurassic lobster Eryon cuvieri (fossil length 8 cm)
D43 Woolhope Dome 13th April 2019
Leader: Dave Green
Introduction The Woolhope Dome is a Silurian inlier surrounded by younger Devonian rocks, located a few miles east of Hereford, the county town of Herefordshire. It is an upland area of folded and faulted Silurian rocks that have been exposed by the erosion of the younger Devonian rocks of the Old Red Sandstone. The sketch in Fig. 1 shows the geology and scenery of the Woolhope Dome, with its three rims of resistant limestone that stand up as ridges separated by more easily eroded clay vales. The high outer rim is formed of Aymestry Limestone. Fig. 2 shows the sedimentary rock units of the Woolhope Dome.
Fig. 1 Sketched view, looking west, of geology and scenery in the Fig. 2 Succession of sedimentary rocks of the Woolhope Dome (courtesy of Dave Green) Woolhope Dome
During the day we investigated the geology that created the circular ridges and undulating landscape of the Woolhope Dome, and found a number of marine fossils in the different limestone exposures we encountered along our route. In the morning we traversed the main Wenlock, Ludlow and Pridoli rock units on the eastern side of the dome and observed their effect on the landscape. In the afternoon we visited the older rock sequence in the centre of the dome, and towards the end of the day we climbed a small hill to get a good overall view of the inlier from the south.
Geological History Herefordshire was covered by a shallow sea for most of the Silurian Period (444 to 419 Ma) and the Silurian rocks of the Woolhope Dome represent lagoon, reef and near-shore deposits. Melting of ice sheets led to a rise in sea level during the early Silurian period and the sea gradually spread over Herefordshire from the west. A shallow-water shelf environment lasted until the late Silurian when uplift caused a marine regression and the appearance of the non-marine Old Red Sandstone. This uplift was related to the steady rise of the Caledonian Mountains in the north of Britain. At the end of the Silurian period, Herefordshire was on the coastal plains at the edge of the Old Red Sandstone continent. The sequence of sedimentary Silurian rocks was subsequently folded during the Variscan Orogeny to form a dome structure (an anticlinal pericline). Our itinerary allowed us to visit exposures from most of the 25 million years of the Silurian period.
Our Itinerary We all met in the car park at the Butcher’s Arms pub in the small village of Woolhope, which is situated in the middle of the Dome (see Fig. 1). The pub was to be our lunch venue so we popped indoors to place our orders from their extensive menu before our leader Dave Green provided us with a handout and described the landscape and geology of the Woolhope Dome in great detail. The plan for the day was to visit a number of locations where we could see exposures of the underlying rocks amidst the green fields and woods that blanketed the area. In addition we would see how the folded rocks had formed the Dome’s “ring” structure of ridges and valleys. During the first part of the day we drove in a few cars to our first location at Rushall (SO 642 350) on the eastern edge of the Dome and then walked about 4km back to the pub. This meant that we walked backwards in time from rocks of the late Silurian (Pridoli Epoch) to the older rocks of the Wenlock Epoch.
2 Woolhope Dome 13th April 2019 (contd.)
Rushall By the time of the late Silurian, the sea was shallowing across Herefordshire and the marine environment was replaced by coastal, lagoonal and alluvial flood plains. A roadside exposure at Rushall allowed us to see the contact between the Upper Ludlow Siltstones, representing deep water, and the Downton Castle Sandstone, representing shoreline deposits (Fig. 3). The muddier layers of the Upper Ludlow Shale are often very rich in fossils, especially brachiopods and bivalves, as shown in Fig. 4. The Downton Castle Sandstone is a durable building stone with thinly spaced bedding planes, and has been extensively quarried. At its base is the famous Ludlow Bone Bed, which comprises sand layers within mudstones. The sand layers contain black particles that are the bones and scales of early jawless fishes, as well as the carbonised remains of early plants.
Fig. 3 Exposure at Rushall showing the contact between the Fig. 4 A rich find of marine fossils inside a lump of Upper Upper Ludlow Siltstones and the Downton Castle Sandstone. Ludlow Siltstones at Rushall (gloved fingers for scale) The thin Ludlow Bone Bed lies at the base of the Downton Castle Sandstone (30 cm hammer handle for scale) Aymestry Limestone From Rushall we then walked uphill to reach the high ridge of Aymestry Limestone forming the outer rim of Woolhope Dome, sandwiched between the softer sediments of the Upper and Lower Ludlow Siltstones. We walked northwards along the limestone ridge (known as Marcle Ridge) on a narrow road, enjoying the view eastwards across the valley underlain by the Raglan Mudstone Formation to the Ledbury Hills about 9km away. These hills also consist of the more resistant layers of Aymestry and Much Wenlock Limestones that were folded during the Variscan Orogeny. A short distance along Marcle Ridge at Hooper’s Oak (SO 631 354) we examined exposures of the Aymestry Limestone, which clearly showed its bedding planes dipping eastwards at about 20° (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 Exposure of dipping Aymestry Limestone at Much Wenlock Limestone the top on Marcle Ridge Turning off the road and heading westwards, we then walked downhill and across a valley underlain by clays derived from the softer Lower Ludlow Siltstones, then climbed uphill towards the ridge of harder Much Wenlock Limestone, which forms the inner ring of the Woolhope Dome (Fig. 6). At the top of the ridge we examined a small quarry (SO 624 355) excavated in the Much Wenlock Limestone (Fig. 7). This rock is made up of rapid alternations of grey nodular limestones and soft clays and shales. The nodular limestones were formed as chemical precipitates in a warm sea rich in dissolved calcium carbonate. Small nodules grew larger over time and eventually joined together to form irregular beds of limestone. The limestone is well known for the abundance and diversity of its fossil content. We would see another exposure of Much Wenlock Limestone later in the day on the southern edge of the Woolhope Dome. (Much Fig. 6 Walking across the clay valley floor of the Wenlock Limestone also forms the conspicuous long escarpment of Lower Ludlow Siltstones towards the ridge of Wenlock Edge in Shropshire). resistant Much Wenlock Limestone
3 Woolhope Dome 13th April 2019 (contd.)
Coalbrookdale Formation We continued our walk downhill along a track and then onto a narrow road that would bring us back to the Butchers Arms. In doing so we moved from the Much Wenlock Limestone onto the softer (and older) rocks of the Coalbrookdale Formation. These soft rocks form the valley running round the core of the Woolhope Dome, and we examined a small roadside exposure not far from the pub (Fig. 8). The Coalbrookdale Formation is comprised mainly of soft olive-green calcareous mudstones and siltstones, indicating quiet water conditions where the fine sediments could settle out of suspension. After examining these deposits we marched along the road to the pub for a well-deserved lunch.
Fig. 7: Small quarry exposing the nodular Much Wenlock Limestone
Fig. 8 Roadside exposure of the very soft and friable Coalbrookdale Formation (nettle leaves for scale)
Fig. 9 Shallow pond at Haugh Wood lying on impermeable clay derived from the Haugh Wood Fig. 10 Fresh piece of hard Formation impermeable calcareous sandstone from the Haugh Wood Formation
Haugh Wood Suitably refreshed after our very pleasant lunch at the Butchers Arms, we set off by car to Haugh Wood (SO 592 365), an upland area at the centre of the dome underlain by the oldest rocks we would examine during our trip, the Haugh Wood Formation. These hard rocks are formed from fine-grained sands and silts deposited during the early stage of the marine transgression across Herefordshire. Dave led us to a small pond in the woods not far from the Forestry Commission car park (Fig. 9) where he explained that the calcerous sandstone weathers to clay and forms a poorly-drained surface throughout the woods. Dave then cracked open a piece of the sandstone found on the ground to expose a fresh face and, after visual examination and an acid test, declared it to be siderite, an iron carbonate (Fig. 10).
4 Woolhope Dome 13th April 2019 (contd.)
Rudge End Quarry We then drove downhill from Haugh Wood to our next rock exposure at Rudge End Quarry, located on the southern edge of Haugh Wood. Here we saw the second oldest rocks of the day, the Woolhope Limestone Formation, dipping away from the centre of the dome at about 20° (Fig. 11). The formation consists of thinly bedded nodular limestones and calcareous siltstone and mudstones. After examining the rock structure we didn’t linger to look for fossils, but moved on to our final destination of the day, The Knob.
Fig. 11 Woolhope Limestone Formation at Rudge End Quarry The Knob The Knob is a local name for a small hill on the southern side of the Woolhope Dome near Lower Buckenhill (SO 604 340), which we climbed to obtain a view of the inlier from a different perspective. Fig. 12 shows the view looking due east from The Knob towards Marcle Ridge (Aymestry Limestone) on the skyline.
Fig. 12 View from The Knob looking east towards Marcle Ridge on the skyline Fig. 13 Two old limekilns at The Knob
Near the top of the hill we came across two old limekilns (Fig. 13) built adjacent to a quarry cutting into the Much Wenlock Limestone (Fig; 14). The Much Wenlock Limestone is famously rich in fossils and it wasn’t long before the eagle-eyed experts in our group found some good examples of coral lying on the floor of the quarry, some of which are shown in Figs 15, 16 and 17.
5 Woolhope Dome 13th April 2019 (contd.)
Fig. 14 Nodular Much Wenlock Limestone at an old quarry on The Knob Fig. 15 A dome-shaped fossil coral from the (figure on right for scale) Much Wenlock Limestone at The Knob quarry (fingers for scale)
Fig. 16 View of small tubular cells in a fossil coral Fig. 17 Another piece of fossil coral from (image view about 6 cm across) the Much Wenlock Limestone at The Knob (fingers for scale)
And so ended our happy day exploring the landscape and geology of the Woolhope Day. Before heading for home we all thanked Dave for a fascinating journey through the rocks of the Silurian period in this picturesque part of Herefordshire.
Norman Nimmo-Smith
6 Amroth, S. Pembrokeshire, 16th June 2019
Severnside ran a field trip to Amroth in South Pembrokeshire, led by Dr Geraint Owen, formerly of Swansea University. The aim was to study the Carboniferous Lower Coal Measures exposed on the coast. Although there is much interesting structural geology here, and Amroth village lies precisely at the Variscan front, with severe deformation to the southwest of the village (Fig. 1) and only gentle deformation to the north east a kilometre or so away, the focus was more on sedimentology and what that tells us about the environment of deposition.
Fig. 1 Complex Variscan (end Carboniferous) thrust sheets Fig. 2 Dr. Geraint Owen and the Amroth Freshwater Limestone. just W. of Amroth village, looking northwest.
After introducing us to the area generally – the Pembrokeshire coalfield is the western extension of the South Wales coalfield and was vigorously exploited until the 1930s – Geraint took us a little to the west of the village to show us a short succession capped by a distinctive creamy-brown rock, the Amroth Freshwater Limestone arch (Fig. 2), which we later followed west along the cliff in a gentle arch. It dates from the early Westphalian, about 315 Ma. This succession starts with bioturbated mudstones, with increasingly frequent thin sandstone layers, often broken up or nearly destroyed by burrowing. The Amroth Freshwater Limestone is packed with freshwater (!) mussels, said to be Carbonicola bipennis, so this was clearly a good and quiet place to live, interrupted only occasionally by minor floods or storms bringing in sands. This was a lagoonal environment, probably sandwiched between the distributary arms of a large bird’s-foot delta: the Mississippi delta seems a good analogue of many processes seen at Amroth. The limestone has bedding, so although it is not clear why the mussel colony ceased trading, it was not smothered by a single sediment influx. Above this are black, possibly anoxic, mudstones with very hard layers and lumps of diagenetic siderite (iron carbonate) (Fig. 3), which, along with other deposits, were formerly mined as iron ore. This grades up with very local differences into a sandstone, with much soft sediment deformation, where more dense sand was deposited on watery unconsolidated mud. The sandstone shows fine-scale cross-bedding, suggesting a slightly more energetic environment than below the Freshwater Limestone.
Fig. 3 Mudstones, coarsening upwards, Fig. 4 Sandstone topped by dark palaeosol with roots, and (above with diagenetic siderite. right) contorted KIlgetty Coal. Palaeosol about 40 cm thick
7 Amroth, S. Pembrokeshire, 16th June 2019 (contd.)
This sandstone is capped by a palaeosol, or seat-earth as coalminers have it, with compressed remains of roots (Stigmaria), and (though much deformed owing to its incompetence) the Kilgetty Coal (Fig. 4), and at the base of the palaeosol, presumably developed in the same way as iron pan in modern soils, ironstone nodules with flecks of brassy pyrite.
Fig.5 Puzzling cylindrical structures and a small Fig.6 East of Amroth village: lowest Lower Coal thrust in a local levee-break flood deposit. Measures, looking northwest. Face ~70m high. The sub-Kilgetty palaeosol is visible at top. Sandbody c 1.7m thick.
Geraint used this succession to demonstrate how a graphic log would show coarsening upwards in shallowing water to a final emergent surface with tall lycopsids growing on it, from which the coal eventually developed. Deltas move quickly, and the rates of sedimentation could be very high, especially for the sandy parts; a lagoon might fill in a couple of decades. Moving further west, we in passing noted the many complex folds whose axes ran roughly W-E, and a fold pair in the cliff face which was broken by a thrust fault – something Geraint’s students often found challenging to sketch. We didn’t try. In an embayment we examined a sandstone body which stratigraphically was clearly not present further east. Geraint interpreted this as the result of a short-lived flood caused by a local levee break (a crevasse splay). He pointed out some unusual cylindrical formations within this sandbody (Fig. 5). His best explanation is that these are the relics of large-scale ripples in a bed above, which collapsed into the bed below when seismic activity liquified the lower bed. As it happens, there is a minor thrust visible, though this must have post-dated lithification. Before lunch we held a fruitless search for a recently reported Calamites forest visible on bedding planes. Probably we looked in the wrong place. After lunch, we investigated the eastern, almost undeformed, cliff exposures. We did not see the Subcrenatum marine band which marks the boundary between the Namurian and the Westphalian, that is, the lower boundary of the Lower Coal Measures – it is exposed several hundred metres further east at Telpyn Point. The succession we saw (in the rain) is from the (Westphalian) Coal Measures starting some metres above the boundary (Fig. 6). This is a marine deposit, and rather older than that which we saw in the morning. The Mississippi delta again provided a good analogue: the lower third of the face, up to the obvious dark bed, coarsens upwards from mudstones to sandstone, which is interpreted as the seaward progradation of a distributary channel, initially depositing fine material on the delta front and finally a sandy mouth bar. Then the mouth passed this point, and the dark deposits of the middle third represent subaerial delta top swamp conditions, ending with coal. This succession is ~40 m thick – much more than the lagoonal succession below the KIlgetty Coal we saw in the morning – and laterally consistent, meaning that the channels were of impressive scale. In a sequence stratigraphical interpretation, this coal-bearing subaerial surface is a sequence boundary, reflecting a fall in relative sea level, and the succession below comprise a transgressive systems tract followed by a high-stand systems tract. Although we did not see this, further east the coal (charmingly named the Lady Frolic Coal) is partly cut out by the rather inaccessible sandstone above, and one view (not Geraint’s, who does not express an opinion, but Gareth George’s in his excellent field guide (George, 2015)) is that it is the fill of an incised channel, probably part of a transgressive systems tract. Certainly its depositional environment appears to be a distributary channel again.
8 Amroth, S. Pembrokeshire, 16th June 2019 (contd.)
In an embayment, Geraint showed us the Amroth Slump (unrelated to the weather) at the base of the mouth bar. Again this is soft sediment deformation, not tectonic: dense sand deposited fast and in quantity on watery unlithified mud, and perhaps aided by seismic shock, sank into the mud in lumps and bowed plates (Fig. 7). The slumped part is from Teresa’s head height to the lower part of the blocky grey sandstone, and the sandy content has fallen off the bottom of the sandbody.
Fig. 7 Teresa Jenkins in a Slump. Fig. 8 Rib and furrow at Amroth East. Remains of the base of small foresets.
Finally we were introduced to a new sedimentary structure for me: rib and furrow on the bedding plane of a sandstone (Fig. 8). These are the bases of small foresets of tongue-shaped ripples, the upper parts having been eroded. Their dip is in the direction of palaeoflow, here towards the WSW. Geraint did a truly excellent job of explaining the rocks to us, and answering all our questions, and we thank him. It was a thoroughly enjoyable trip. Reference George, G.T. (2015) “The Geology of South Wales: a Field Guide”, 2nd Edition, Geoserv Publishing, no location.
Mark Turner
9 Severnside Branch Events
2019 EVENT LEADER DETAILS Two days event - Ordovician & Silurian geology in the area around Cardigan and Newport, with a look at ice-age features too. The SW end of the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh Basin and the edge of its adjoining Avalonian shelf is exposed in the spectacular cliffs and beaches of North Pembrokeshire (the highest part of the Pembrokeshire coast path). The rocks range from subduction-related felsic to mafic volcanics to unstable turbidite- and slope- sediments, of Ordovician and lower Silurian age. Massive and multiple intrusions of Ordovician age provide the dominant positive features of the landscape, including the "bluestone” dolerite upland of the Prescelly Hills from which the outer ring at Stonehenge was constructed. During the Pleistocene glaciation, the area was covered by ice from both the Irish Sea and mid-Wales, and was the site of ponding up of meltwater between ice and land, producing spectacular landforms. Saturday 20th July 2019 Prescelli Hills - Bluestone at Carnedd Meibion Owen. Garn Fawr/Porth Maen Melyn - Ordovician sediments felsic and mafic volcanics and intrusions. Newport Sands (N. side) - Ordovician sediments and Caledonian structures. Cardigan, Sunday 21st July Ceredigion & Poppit Sands - Ordovician sediments, Caledonian structures and classic Quaternary July 19--21 Dave Green Newport. sediments, indicative of climate change. Pembrokeshire Cenarth and the Teifi Valley - Glacial and fluvioglacial landforms. Llangrannog - Upper Ordovician basin sediments and structures. Aberarth - Lower Silurian sediments and glacial sediments. The group will be limited to 20 people. Therefore please book asap to avoid disappointment! The cost for the weekend is £30 per person, which covers the leader's expenses and notes. Please complete the booking form attached, and return it to our Treasurer, Averil Leaver, with your payment, as instructed on the form. You will need to book your own accommodation, and arrange travel. We may be able to organise a limited number of seats in cars, if anyone is planning to use public transport - please contact the event organiser We will be based at the Golden Lion in Newport, Pembrokeshire, for Dave's introductory talk on the Friday evening, and for group meals on Friday and Saturday evenings. The hotel is full now for Saturday night, but there is other accommodation nearby: B&B and in the youth hostel, plus Cardigan is only 10 miles away with more options. As this is a holiday area there are a few camping and caravan sites nearby. We may need to car-share to reach some of the locations https://ougs.org/files/ssi/events/Cardigan_19-21Jul19_BookingForm.docx
This is a joint weekend trip with the West Midlands branch. 1) Study of classic Ludlow succession across Mortimer Forest (Ludlow Anticline), 2) Look at building stones of Ludlow, 3) Visit Carboniferous syncline of Titterstone Clee Hill Saturday: Introductory talk about weekend programme and examination of Ludlow Museum fossil collection. Then field visit following the Mortimer Forest Geology Trail from Whitcliffe westwards to Wigmore. Travel by car between quarry and trackside exposures, so limited walking but some areas rough underfoot. Car-sharing will be needed. Saturday evening:- Group dinner at Church Inn, Ludlow Sunday morning:- Walk around Ludlow town centre (gentle 1.5 miles on Ludlow & pavements) to look at use of local building stones September Mortimer Forest Andrew Jenkinson Sunday afternoon:- By car to Clee Hill village to visit the Carboniferous outlier of 28/29th South Shropshire Titterstone Clee Hill comprising a complete condensed succession from Devonian- Carboniferous unconformity at the base of the hill to the south, up through the Cornbrook Sandstone (= Millstone Grit) to the Coal Measures with extensive evidence of bell pit mining; intruded by a spectacular basalt sill deeply quarried for roadstone and displaying excellent hexagonal jointing – Shropshire’s "Giant’s Causeway”! The charge is £5 per day/£10 for the weekend. The group will be restricted to 20 people, so please book asap to avoid disappointment. Please complete the booking form attached and return to our SSi Treasurer, Averil Leaver, with your bank transfer confirmation or your cheque. https://ougs.org/ files/ssi/events/Ludlow&MortimerForest_28-29Sep19_BookingForm.docx
December Winter Lecture Oriel Suite, National Museum of Wales.
7th Day Speakers and details to be advised.
10 Event Notes
EVENT DETAILS CAN CHANGE Any last-minute changes of times or arrangements are on the OUGS website.... www.ougs.org Or...... Contact Norman Nimmo-Smith - 01684 891859 [email protected] If you are not receiving email reminders from Norman regarding forthcoming events or if you get a new email address please let him know so that he can keep in touch. Transport If you are able to offer a lift to any event or if you have local knowledge regarding bus or train services etc. that might help those without their own transport to attend an event please let Norman or Janet know. Updates Why not try the following link to a service for keeping an eye on changes in the events list. http://www.changedetection.com
THERE IS A NOMINAL FEE OF £3 ON DAY TRIPS (UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED) TO COVER LEADERS EXPENSES. ALWAYS WEAR APPROPRIATE GEAR...WARM CLOTHING AND HIKING BOOTS. BEAR IN MIND THAT MANY SITES, ESPECIALLY QUARRIES, REQUIRE THE WEARING OF HARD HATS. ACTIVE QUARRIES REQUIRE HARD HATS AND YELLOW JACKETS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT PARTICIPANTS BRING HARD HATS TO ALL FIELD TRIPS - JUST IN CASE !
IMPORTANT Each person attending a field meeting does so on the understanding that he/she attends at his/her own risk. The OUGS has Public Liability Insurance cover for field and indoor meetings but Personal Accident and Personal Liability cover remain the responsibility and personal choice of the participant. There may be an element of appropriate cover included in house or travel insurance. Although OUGS activities are not particularly dangerous members are advised to check whether exclusions apply to activities in which they propose to participate in case they wish to arrange further cover. An annual travel insurance may be the best solution for any member who regularly attends field events. This is again a matter of personal choice. All members participating in overseas events will be required to have travel insurance for the duration of the event. Participants should be covered for Medical, Repatriation and Personal Liability expenses. The Personal Accident element remains the personal choice of the member. Disclaimer None of the information in any of the advertisements for field trips or other events in this newsletter constitutes a brochure under the Package and Travel Regulations (1992)
OUGS Severnside Branch Committee
Norman Nimmo-Smith - Branch Organiser 01684 891859 [email protected] Averil Leaver - Treasurer [email protected] Janet Hiscott [email protected] Kath Addison-Scott [email protected] Anthony Bukowski [email protected] Teresa Jenkins [email protected] Michelle Thomas [email protected] John de Caux - Newsletter Editor [email protected]
Editorial
If you are one of the few members still receiving Sabrina Times by post why not get the much better colour version of this and future issues of the newsletter via email (in .pdf format). Just send a request to your editor at: [email protected] Contributions for the newsletter will be very welcome from members, as will any comments or suggestions for improvement. We are able to read or scan most text data formats or documents. For photos please send the images as separate files, preferably in jpeg (.jpg) or bitmap (.bmp) format with notations in the text. For large files OneDrive or Dropbox may be used…...just email the editor a link.
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