DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Variation in New Zealand Abalone, Haliotis Iris

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Variation in New Zealand Abalone, Haliotis Iris Genetic variation in New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences at the University of Canterbury by Margaret Will University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand 2009 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................3 GENE FLOW.............................................................................................................................3 ABALONE ................................................................................................................................7 Systematics .........................................................................................................................9 Assessing genetic structure...............................................................................................11 Genetic structure of abalone.............................................................................................12 NEW ZEALAND ABALONE......................................................................................................20 Aims .................................................................................................................................22 2. GENETIC STRUCTURE ACROSS COOK STRAIT.........................................................25 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................25 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................25 Genetic splits around Cook Strait.....................................................................................26 Cook Strait as a barrier .....................................................................................................28 H. iris genetic structure ....................................................................................................31 MATERIALS AND METHODS...................................................................................................32 Marker choice...................................................................................................................32 Samples.............................................................................................................................33 DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing......................................................33 Population genetic analyses..............................................................................................34 RESULTS................................................................................................................................40 Haplotypes: Relationships and distributions ....................................................................41 Cluster analyses ................................................................................................................41 A priori hypothesis testing................................................................................................42 Nested clade phylogeographic analysis............................................................................43 Mismatch distributions and neutrality tests......................................................................44 DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................................................44 Chatham Islands vs. North and South Island....................................................................45 North Island vs. South Island ...........................................................................................47 Sample sizes .....................................................................................................................50 Future work ......................................................................................................................51 3. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HALIOTIS IRIS MICROSATELLITES 53 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................53 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................53 Haliotis and conserved microsatellites.............................................................................54 H. iris and microsatellites.................................................................................................55 MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................................................................................56 Cross-species amplification..............................................................................................56 Microsatellite development and screening .......................................................................57 Allele scoring....................................................................................................................59 Genotyping error rate........................................................................................................59 Locus characterizations ....................................................................................................60 RESULTS................................................................................................................................60 Cross-species amplification..............................................................................................60 Screening H. iris loci........................................................................................................60 Genotyping error rate....................................................................................................... 61 Characterization of AB14, AB21, and AB31 .................................................................. 61 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 62 Cross-species amplification ............................................................................................. 62 H. iris microsatellites ....................................................................................................... 63 Ongoing projects.............................................................................................................. 67 4. POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE BASED ON THREE MICROSATELLITE LOCI ........................................................................................................................................ 69 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 69 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 69 Molecular markers and the Cook Strait ........................................................................... 70 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 71 Population genetic analyses ............................................................................................. 71 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 73 Genetic structure .............................................................................................................. 74 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 74 Inbreeding and abalone .................................................................................................... 77 5. VARIATION IN GAMETE RECOGNITION PROTEINS ................................................ 79 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... 79 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 79 Abalone lysin ................................................................................................................... 81 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................................... 83 Haplotype inference ......................................................................................................... 84 Population genetic analyses ............................................................................................. 84 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 85 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 86 Lysin exon variation......................................................................................................... 87 Lysin intron variation....................................................................................................... 90 Population genetic structure............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstracts of Technical Papers, Presented at the 104Th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, Ashingtw On, March 24–29, 2012
    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 4-2012 Abstracts of Technical Papers, Presented at the 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, ashingtW on, March 24–29, 2012 National Shellfisheries Association Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation National Shellfisheries Association, Abstr" acts of Technical Papers, Presented at the 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, ashingtW on, March 24–29, 2012" (2012). VIMS Articles. 524. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/524 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, 231, 2012. ABSTRACTS OF TECHNICAL PAPERS Presented at the 104th Annual Meeting NATIONAL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOCIATION Seattle, Washington March 24–29, 2012 231 National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, Washington Abstracts 104th Annual Meeting, March 24–29, 2012 233 CONTENTS Alisha Aagesen, Chris Langdon, Claudia Hase AN ANALYSIS OF TYPE IV PILI IN VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN PACIFICOYSTERCOLONIZATION........................................................... 257 Cathryn L. Abbott, Nicolas Corradi, Gary Meyer, Fabien Burki, Stewart C. Johnson, Patrick Keeling MULTIPLE GENE SEGMENTS ISOLATED BY NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • AEBR 114 Review of Factors Affecting the Abundance of Toheroa Paphies
    Review of factors affecting the abundance of toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 114 J.R. Williams, C. Sim-Smith, C. Paterson. ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-0-478-41468-4 (online) June 2013 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 2. METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 3 3. TIME SERIES OF ABUNDANCE .................................................................................. 3 3.1 Northland region beaches .......................................................................................... 3 3.2 Wellington region beaches ........................................................................................ 4 3.3 Southland region beaches .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological Effects and Biotransformation of Paralytic
    PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN NEW ZEALAND MARINE BIVALVES ______________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences in the University of Canterbury by Andrea M. Contreras 2010 Abstract Although there are no authenticated records of human illness due to PSP in New Zealand, nationwide phytoplankton and shellfish toxicity monitoring programmes have revealed that the incidence of PSP contamination and the occurrence of the toxic Alexandrium species are more common than previously realised (Mackenzie et al., 2004). A full understanding of the mechanism of uptake, accumulation and toxin dynamics of bivalves feeding on toxic algae is fundamental for improving future regulations in the shellfish toxicity monitoring program across the country. This thesis examines the effects of toxic dinoflagellates and PSP toxins on the physiology and behaviour of bivalve molluscs. This focus arose because these aspects have not been widely studied before in New Zealand. The basic hypothesis tested was that bivalve molluscs differ in their ability to metabolise PSP toxins produced by Alexandrium tamarense and are able to transform toxins and may have special mechanisms to avoid toxin uptake. To test this hypothesis, different physiological/behavioural experiments and quantification of PSP toxins in bivalves tissues were carried out on mussels ( Perna canaliculus ), clams ( Paphies donacina and Dosinia anus ), scallops ( Pecten novaezelandiae ) and oysters ( Ostrea chilensis ) from the South Island of New Zealand. Measurements of clearance rate were used to test the sensitivity of the bivalves to PSP toxins. Other studies that involved intoxication and detoxification periods were carried out on three species of bivalves ( P.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Risk Limits for Triphenyltin in Water
    Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM report 601714018/2012 R. van Herwijnen | C.T.A. Moermond | P.L.A. van Vlaardingen | F.M.W. de Jong | E.M.J. Verbruggen National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven www.rivm.com Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM Report 601714018/2012 RIVM Report 601714018 Colophon © RIVM 2012 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', along with the title and year of publication. R. van Herwijnen C.T.A. Moermond P.L.A. van Vlaardingen F.M.W. de Jong E.M.J. Verbruggen Contact: René van Herwijnen Expertise Centre for Substances [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate for Sustainability, within the framework of the project 'Chemical aspects of the Water Framework Directive and the Directive on Priority Substances'. Page 2 of 104 RIVM Report 601714018 Abstract Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM has, by order of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, derived environmental risk limits for triphenyltin. This was necessary because the current risk limts have not been derived according to the most recent methodology. Main uses of triphenyltin were for wood preservation and as antifouling on ships. The use as antifouling has been banned within Europe since 2003. The Dutch Steering Committee for Substances will set new standards on the basis of the scientific advisory values in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Resources Information
    Appendix E – Biological Resources Information Table E-1. Marine Special Status Species of the Project Region Common Name1,2 Status Habitat Potential to Occur in Marine Study Area Scientific Name Invertebrates Coastal and offshore island intertidal habitats on Not expected to occur – Intertidal habitat within MSA exposed rocky shores to about 18 feet deep lacks kelp food resources and high relief rock reef Black abalone FE where bedrock provides deep, protective refuge habitat. Local populations of black abalone Haliotis cracherodii crevices for shelter. are extremely rare and have been limited to San Diego and Channel Islands. Coastal and offshore island intertidal habitats on Not expected to occur – Intertidal and subtidal Green abalone exposed rocky shores to at least 30 feet deep habitat within MSA lacks kelp food resources and FSC Haliotis fulgens where bedrock provides deep, protective high relief rock reef refuge habitat. crevices for shelter. Coastal and offshore island subtidal habitats from Not expected to occur – Subtidal habitat within MSA Pink abalone 20 to 118 feet deep on submerged rock reefs is outside of species’ depth range and lacks kelp FSC Haliotis corrugate where bedrock provides deep, protective food resources and high relief rock reef refuge crevices for shelter. habitat. Coastal and offshore island kelp beds found on Not expected to occur – Subtidal habitat with MSA is Pinto abalone FSC outer exposed coasts in water depths from 30 to outside of species’ depth range and lacks kelp food Haliotis kamtschatkana 330 feet deep. resources and high relief rock reef refuge habitat. Coastal and offshore island subtidal habitats from Not expected to occur - Subtidal habitat within MSA White abalone 50 to 180 feet deep where bedrock provides is outside of species’ depth range and lacks kelp FE Haliotis sorenseni deep, protective crevices for shelter.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Diet and Sex-Sorting on Growth and Gonad Development in Farmed South African Abalone, Haliotis Midae
    Effect of diet and sex-sorting on growth and gonad development in farmed South African abalone, Haliotis midae A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE of RHODES UNIVERSITY By DEVIN WILLIAM PHILIP AYRES December 2013 ABSTRACT Abalone, Haliotis midae, farmers in South Africa that feed formulated diets reported a periodic drop in abalone growth during periods of increased gonad development. A large drop in abalone biomass was noticed after presumed spawning events. This study was aimed to determine the effect of diet and sex-sorting on gonad development in abalone. Experiments were conducted on a commercial abalone farm from July 2012 to the end of June 2013. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with two protein sources. A fishmeal and soybean meal (S-diet) diet and a fishmeal only (F-diet) diet were fed to abalone (50 - 70 g abalone-1) over 12 months. Weight and length gain, gonad bulk index (GBI), visceral index (%) and meat mass index (%) were determined monthly and seasonally. A histological study on the female gonads was conducted. This study also included an experiment to test the effect of sex-sorting (70 - 80 g abalone-1) on growth and body composition with treatments including males (M), females (F) and equal numbers of males and females (MF). Weight gain and length gain were faster in S-diet-fed abalone (RM-ANOVA, F (1, 16) = 7.77, p = 0.01; F (1, 69) = 49.9, p < 0.001, respectively). Gonad development was significantly affected by the inclusion of soybean meal with S-diet-fed abalone showing higher GBI-values than F- diet-fed abalone (RM-ANOVA, F (1, 33) = 16.22, p = 0.0003).
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Ranching Trials for Commercial Production of Greenlip (Haliotis Laevigata) Abalone in Western Australia
    1 Sea ranching trials for commercial production of greenlip (Haliotis laevigata) abalone in Western Australia An outline of results from trials conducted by Ocean Grown Abalone Pty Ltd April 2013 Roy Melville-Smith1, Brad Adams2, Nicola J. Wilson3 & Louis Caccetta3 1Curtin University Department of Environment and Agriculture GPO Box U1987, Perth WA6845 2Ocean Grown Abalone Pty Ltd PO Box 231, Augusta WA6290 3Curtin University Department of Mathematics and Statistics GPO Box U1987, Perth WA6845 2 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 5 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Seed stock production ................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Transport of seed stock ................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 The study site ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Habitat
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Ecology of Abalone (Haliotis Corrugata and Fulgens) in the Mexican Pacific México Y La Cuenca Del Pacífico, Núm
    México y la Cuenca del Pacífico ISSN: 1665-0174 [email protected] Universidad de Guadalajara México Revollo Fernández, Daniel A.; Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea The Historical Ecology of Abalone (Haliotis Corrugata and Fulgens) in the Mexican Pacific México y la Cuenca del Pacífico, núm. 2, septiembre-diciembre, 2012, pp. 89-112 Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=433747376005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative The Historical Ecology of Abalone (Haliotis Corrugata and Fulgens) in the Mexican Pacific Daniel A. Revollo Fernández Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo1 On the coastline there are shells, originating from here, that are perhaps the finest in the world: their lustre, greater and more brilliant than that of the finest pearl, misted over and covered in an intense, pleasant blue cloudscape, as beautiful as that of lapis lazuli. This is like a very thin material. Or like a transparent superimposed varnish, through which the silvery bottom shines and stands out. It is said that if these shells were common in Europe, they would take away the value of pearls. Miguel del Barco (1706-1790) Abstract Abalone shells and meat played and play an important role in the rich eco- nomic, social y cultural history of Baja California. Chinese and Japanese fishermen and later the consolidation of Mexican cooperatives have all fished in this region. Information obtained through surveys and oral history from three generations of abalone divers on Baja California has revealed that over time catches have decreased and the organisms fished have reduced their size.
    [Show full text]
  • W+W Special Paper B-18-2
    W+W Special Paper B-18-2 DIE GENETISCHE FAMILIE DER HALIOTIDAE – HYBRIDISIERUNG, FORTPFLANZUNGSISOLATION UND SYMPATRISCHE ARTBILDUNG Nigel Crompton September 2018 http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/artikel/sp/b-18-2_haliotidae.pdf Bild: Doka54, Public Domain Inhalt Einleitung ................................................................................................ 3 Taxonomie der Seeohren ...................................................................... 6 Die taxonomische Stellung der Seeohren .........................................................7 Glossar ..............................................................................................................7 Seeohren-Arten und Hybriden ......................................................... 9 Genetische Familien und Befruchtung ..........................................14 Genetische Familien und sympatrische Artbildung ......................15 Die Rolle der Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium bei der Befruchtung..............................................................................................16 Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium und sympatrische Artbildung ....17 Besonderheiten der VERL-Lysin-Bindungsdomänen ......................................18 Wie kann es trotz Hybridisierung zur Artbildung kommen? ..........................19 Weitere Beispiele und vergleichbare Mechanismen bei Pflanzen ......................20 Schlussfolgerung .............................................................................21 Quellen ............................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Blacklip Abalone (Haliotis Rubra) Exploitation Status Overfished to Recruitment Overfished
    I & I NSW WILD FISHERIES RESEARCH PROGRAM Blacklip Abalone (Haliotis rubra) EXPLOITATION STATUS OVERFISHED TO RECRUITMENT OVERFISHED Stock is currently recovering from historically low levels that occurred due to a combination of overfishing and mortality due to the parasite Perkinsus sp. There are concerns about possible recruitment overfishing in the northern regions. SCIENTIFIC NAME STANDARD NAME COMMENT Haliotis rubra Blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra Image © Bernard Yau Background Blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) is a large, juveniles and adults all occur in the same flattened marine gastropod mollusc which habitat. This suggests that local recruitment occurs in rocky reef habitats on the south- is dependent on the proximity of adults. This, eastern Australian coastline from northern combined with the restricted movement NSW to Rottnest Island in Western Australia, of adult abalone, gives rise to stocks which including Tasmania. Blacklip abalone form are spatially highly structured. Increasingly the basis of the abalone fishery in NSW. The sophisticated management regimes are species is also harvested in the other southern being developed to properly account for this Australian states along with the greenlip structuring. abalone H. laevigata. The bulk of the Australian Commercially, blacklip abalone are harvested production of abalone is exported to lucrative by endorsed divers, usually using compressed markets in south-east Asia. air supplied from a hookah unit, although Blacklip abalone can live for over in some cases SCUBA or free diving may be 20 years and can reach a maximum size of used. A chisel shaped abalone iron is used to 22 cm shell length (SL) and a weight of over pry the abalone away from the rock surface.
    [Show full text]