Index

Page numbers in italic denote Figures. Page numbers in bold denote Tables.

Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone 106 Berriasian-Valanginian, stable isotope records 56–57 Acanthodiscus radiatus Ammonite Zone 5, 10, 22 Bersek quarry 50 Ahmuellerella octoradiata 68, 69, 110 stable isotope records 57, 58 Albertosaurus 189 Biantholithus sparsus 108, 109, 110 Alcapa block 50, 51 Bihor nappe system 50 algae bioapatite, vertebrate, stable isotopes 186–187, carotenoids 175 191–194 steroids 173 biocalcification crisis, Bucegi Mountains 6, 24 Alianc¸a Formation 159 biochronology, Curitı´ section 39, 41 alkanes 171, 172, 173, 179–180 biotite alumina, Paraı´ba Basin 95–96 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 207, 208, 209 Ammodiscus siliceus 8, 10 Jatoba´ Basin 162, 163 amphibole 205, 208, 209 bird fossils, Xiagou Formation 145 Amphidonte 67 Biscutum constans Amphizygus brooksii 69, 110 Arobes section 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 76, 77, 79 Ancyloceras matheronianum 39, 41 Bucegi Mountains 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24 Ancyloceras vandenheckii 39 Biscutum coronum 69 angiosperms 174, 180 Biscutum ellipticum 110, 116 anoxia see oceanic anoxic events bivalves, Paja Formation 35, 36,41 Aptian, OAE-1a 31, 45, 153 black shale 31 Apuseni Mountains 50, 51 Bucegi Mountains 23–24 Araripe Basin 158, 159 formation 49–50 Archaeoalveolina reicheli 52 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 55, 58, 59 Arctic Paja Formation 33, 34, 36, 38–39, 42, 45 Brooks Range 187, 188 Blid Formation 51, 53, 54 modern warming 198, 199 Braarudosphaera bigelowii 69,78 palaeoclimate, Cretaceous 186, 197–199 East Carpathians 108, 110, 116–117 stable isotopes, palaeoclimate 197–198 Braarudosphaera regularis 12 Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis 109, 110 Brazil, lacustrine sediments 157–180 Arobes section, northwest Spain Brezova´ Group 126 calcareous nannofossils 65–66, 67–71, 76–79 Broinsonia enormis 69 fluctuation 72–75 Brooks Range 187, 188 preservation and reworking 75–76 palaeohydrology 195–196 geological setting 64–65 Bucegi Mountains lithostratigraphy and macropaleontology 66–67 calcareous nannofossils 12–15, 18–22, 24 OAE2 64–79 geochemistry 11, 12, 14 Plateau Phase 77 geological setting 7–11 stable isotopes 65, 66, 71, 76–77 palaeogeography 8 and diagenesis 71–72 stable isotopes 20 Audia Nappes 106, 107 composition 15, 17–18 Axopodorhabdus albianus 66, 68, 69, 70,79 preservation 15 Bucovinian Nappes 106, 107 Bacinella 52, 53 Busnardoites campylotoxus Ammonite Zone 5, 8, 18 bacteria aryl isoprenoids 175, 180 cadalene 174 hopanoids 173–174 Calabianca section, stable isotope records 44 Bakony Mountains 50, 51 calcareous nannofossils stable isotope records 56, 57 Arobes section 65–66, 67–71, 76–79 Banatitic magmatism 53, 203 fluctuation 72–75 Barremian, stable isotope records, palaeoenvironment preservation and reworking 75–76 57–58 Bucegi Mountains 8–11, 12–15, 18–22, 24 basalt diagenesis 13–15 flood 22, 86, 96 East Carpathians 108–109, 110, 113 Hat¸eg Basin 206, 207, 208 K-Pg extinction 115–116 Paraı´ba Basin 97 Gosau Group 127–128 Basque-Cantabrian region, organic-rich shale 31 Calcicalathina oblongata 8, 10 Beberibe Formation 86, 88 Calcicalathina oblongata Zone 5 Belorusiella textularoides 8 calcilutite 38, 42 214 INDEX calcite Changma Basin 144–145 East Carpathians 113, 114, 115, 117 Changma bird quarries 144 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 52 carbonate sampling 145–154 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 90 Chiastozygus litterarius 69, 110 Serra Negra well 161, 162, 165 Chicxulub impact crater 85, 86, 105 calcium carbonate Chijinpu Formation 145 Bucegi Mountains 11, 12, 16–17, 20–21, 22, 24 Chijinqiao Formation 145 Paja Formation 37 chlorite 111, 112, 113, 114, 117 162, 163 Calculites percenis 69 Chlorobiaceae 175 Calpionellites major Subzone 8 Chondrites intricatus 106, 109 Calpionellites Zone 8 Cismon section, stable isotope records Campanian-Maastrichtian Transition, Paraı´ba Basin 95, Aptian 43, 55, 152, 153 98–99 Barremian 58 Campylotoxus zone 56, 57 clay Candeias Formation 158, 159 Curitı´ section 38–39, 42 carbon dioxide, greenhouse conditions 6, 21, 49 East Carpathians 106, 108, 113, 115 carbon isotopes Gosau Group 138 Arobes section 65, 71, 76–77 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 95–96 Bucegi Mountains 12, 14, 15, 16–17, 20 Serra Negra well 159–165, 173, 179 Curitı´ section 37, 39, 41–43, 44,45 climate change East Carpathians 111, 112, 115 Aptian 55, 58, 59, 153–154 marine/non-marine environments 123–124, 126, Arctic 186, 189, 198–199 128–138 K-Pg Boundary 86 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56,57–60 Plenus Cold Event 77 comparison 56, 57 Valanginian 21 Paraı´ba Basin 92, 94,95 clinopyroxene 205, 208, 209 Serra Negra well sample 167–169, 176–179 Colchidites breistofferi 41, 45 Xiagou Formation Colombia see Curitı´ section carbonate 146, 147–148, 148, 149, 150, 152–153 Colville Basin 187 organic 146, 147–148, 149–154 Colville River, dinosaur remains 191, 192, 193, 195 carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) 49–50 Conusphaera mexicana 8 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56–57, 58–60 Coposeni Member 51, 53 Valanginian stable isotope records 57–58 Bucegi Mountains 5–6, 17, 18, 20, 22–23 Corollithion kennedyi 66, 68, 69,79 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 56–57 Crato Formation 158, 159 Valanginian-Barremian 57–58 lithology 160, 162 carbonate platforms stable isotopes 160 Bucegi Mountains 7–8, 11 see also Serra Negra well drowning, and carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) 6, Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary 85, 105 21, 22 East Carpathians 106–117 Pa˘durea Craiului 50–54, 58, 59 Europe 105–106 Selli event 58 extinctions 85, 86, 101, 105, 108, 115–116, 117 carbonates meteorite impact 85–86, 90, 96, 101, 105, 115 marine/freshwater Paraı´ba Basin 86–101 diagenesis 137 volcanism 86 isotope studies 123–138 Cretarhabdus conicus 69, 110 nannofossils 127–128 Cretarhabdus striatus 69, 110 reworking 137–138 Cribrocorona gallica 110 strontium isotopes 123–124, 138 Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii 109 Serra Negra well sample, stable isotopes 175–179 Crioceratites loryi Ammonite Zone 10 see also calcium carbonate Criosarasinella furcillata Ammonite Zone 10, 22 Caribbean Colombian Plateau volcanic activity 77 Crucibiscutum salebrosum 6, 21 Caribbean Large Igneous Province 63 Curitı´ section, Colombia carotenoids 174–175, 177, 180 biochronology 39, 41 Carpathian Mountains see East Carpathians; Southern geology 32–34 Carpathians; West Carpathians Paja Formation 35, 36, 37,38–39 Carpathoporella fontis 52 palaeoenvironment 41–42 Carpathoporella occidentalis 53 pyrolysis 39, 40,45 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event see oceanic anoxic stable isotope stratigraphy 39, 41–43, 44,45 events, OAE2 see also Paja Formation; Rosablanca Formation Central Asturian Depression 64–65 Cyclagelosphaera deflandrei 10 biostratigraphy 65 Cyclagelosphaera margerelii Ceratolithoides 109, 110 Arobes section 66, 69, 74–75, 76, 77, 79 cerium anomaly 98, 99, 101 East Carpathians 110, 116 INDEX 215

Cyclagelosphaera rotaclypeata 69 Eiffellithus windii 8 East Carpathians 110, 116 Epicheloniceras 41, 43 Cyclonephelium 65 Epistomina 6 Cylindralithus nudus 110 Eprolithus apertior 69 Cylindralithus sculptus 110 Eprolithus floralis 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 76, 77, 79 Cylindralithus serratus 69,76 Eprolithus octopetalus 66, 68, 69, 71, 79 Cylindroporella ivanovici 53 europium anomaly 98, 99 Cymatoceras 10 extinction, K-Pg Boundary 85, 86, 101, 105, 108, Cytherella fragilis 8, 10, 15 115–116, 117 Exu Formation 158, 159 Dacia block 50, 51 Deccan Traps 86, 189 Fallot CIE 50, 55, 56,59 Densus¸-Ciula Formation 203–205 Faraoni CIE 50, 56, 57, 58 isotopic composition 205, 206–209 feldspar Dervantina filipescui 52 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 208, 209 Deshayesites forbesi ammonite zone 31 Paraı´ba Basin 96 diagenesis Serra Negra well 162, 163, 164 Bucegi Mountains 13–15 Varnit¸a section 112, 113, 114, 115 burial 15 Flabellites oblongus 69 and isotope fluctuation 71–72, 137 fractional crystallization, Hat¸eg Basin 208–209 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 55 fucoids 106, 109, 114, 115, Diazomatolithus lehmanii Fursenkoina 65 Arobes section 69 gammacerane 175, 177, 180 Bucegi Mountains 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24 East Carpathians 110 Gansu Province, Xiagou Formation, fluvio-lacustrine dinosaurs strata 143–154 Prince Creek Formation 186, 187 Gansus yumenensis 145 ingested water 190–191 Gargano Promontory, organic-rich shale 31 isotopic composition 191–194 Gartnerago segmentatum 110 palaeoecology 196–197 Gaudrynella eichenbergi 10 teeth 186, 189–190 Geat Valley, isotopic composition 205, 206–208 Discorhabdus rotatorius 12, 13, 15, 22, 24 Gerecse Mountains 50, 51 diterpenoids 174 stable isotope records 56, 57,58 Dobres¸ti Member 51, 53, 54 Gerhardtia 39 palaeoenvironment 57 Getic Carbonate Platform 7 dolomite Getic Nappe 7, 8 Paja Formation 35, 36,38 Gießhu¨bl Formation 124 Serra Negra well samples 162, 163, 165, 177, 179 Gießhu¨bl Syncline 124, 125, 126 Dorothia 6 core samples 126, 128 Dromaeosaurus 189 isotopes 128–129, 132, 134 isotopic composition 192, 195 marine/non-marine environment 132, 134, 136 Dufrenoyia sanctorum-Stoyanowiceras treffryanus zone nannofossils 127, 128 41, 43 Girariarella prismatica 53 Dunaliella 175 Giraudi Zone 45 Duvalia dilatata dilatata 10 glass microspherules 85–86 glendonite carbonite nodules 6 East Carpathians, K-Pg Boundary 106–117 Glintzendorf Syncline 123, 125–126 calcareous nannofossils 108–109, 110, 113 core samples 126, 127 extinction 115–116 isotopes 128, 129, 131, 134 geological setting 106–107 marine/non-marine environment 129–130, 131, 133, mineralogy, TOC and isotopes 111, 112, 113, 114 134, 135–136 Eastern Cordillera, Colombia 32 nannofossils 127 Ecleja Formation 51, 52, 55 global cooling 6, 154 CIE 54, 55 global warming 6, 86, 189, 198–199 Selli event 58–59 Globigerinoides blowii biozone 153 Edmontosaurus 189 Glomospira gaultina 8 isotopic composition 191, 192, 195, 196 Glomospira urgoniana 53 Eiffellithus 109 Gosau Group Eiffellithus eximius 66, 69,70–71 geological setting 124–126 Eiffellithus parallelus 110 marine/non-marine environments, stable isotopes Eiffellithus striatus 10 123–124, 128–138 Eiffellithus turriseiffeli Gramame Formation 86, 87, 88, 89 Arobes section 66, 68, 69, 74–75, 76, 79 geochemistry 91, 92–94 East Carpathians 110 stable isotopes 95 216 INDEX greenhouse conditions Itamaraca´ Formation 86–87, 88, 89 Aptian 153–154 stable isotopes 95 Arctic sediments 186 Izvor Formation 106 Cretaceous 6, 17–18, 21 role of OAEs 49, 59 Jatoba´ Basin 157, 158 K-Pg Boundary 86 geochemistry 163–179 Griphoporella cretacea 53 geological setting 159 Gru¨nbach Formation 123, 127 hydrocarbons 167–169, 171–175 nannofossils 128 see also Serra Negra well samples stable isotopes 130 Gru¨nbach Syncline 123, 125, 126 K-Pg Boundary see Cretaceous-Palaeogene Boundary core samples 126, 127 Kamptnerius magnificus 110 isotopes 128, 130, 131–132, 138 kaolinite, Jatoba´ Basin 162, 163 marine/non-marine environment 131–132, 136, 138 Karakaschiceras biassalense Ammonite Subzone 5 Gugu Breccia 52, 59 Karsteniceras 39 Gura Beliei Formation Kikak-Tegoseak quarry calcareous nannofossils 108 dinosaur remains 187, 188 red beds 106, 114–115 isotopic composition 191, 192, 193, 195, 196 gymnosperms 174 KTB see Cretaceous-Palaeogene Boundary Kutatissites creutzbergi 41, 45 Hadrocheilus cf. H. costatus 10 Hadrosauridae, isotopic composition 192, 195 La Caban˜a Formation 65, 66,67 Hangu Formation 106, 109 La Manjoya Formation 67 Haplophragmoides 65 lacustrine environment, Xiagou Formation 150–151 Haplophragmoides cf. H. concavus 8 chemostratigraphy 146–154 Haplophragmoides joukovskyi 51 dating 153–154 Haqius circumradiatus 69 lacustrine sediments, northeastern Brazil 157–180 hardgrounds 9 Lamellapthycus didayi 10 Ha´rsku´t section, stable isotope records 56–57 Large Igneous Provinces, and OAEs 49, 63 Hat¸eg Basin Las Tercı´as Formation 65, 66,67 fractional crystallization 208–209 Lenticulina 65 geological setting 203–205 Lenticulina cf. L. gaultina 10 stable isostope composition 205–209 Lenticulina macrodisca 8 Hauterivian, stable isotope records 57 Lenticulina ouachensis bartensteini 10 Helenea chiastia 68, 69, 70,76 Lenticulina ouachensis eichenbergi 10 Helicolithus trabeculatus 69 Lenticulina ouachensis ouachensis 8 Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica zone 70 Leupoldina cabri Zone 31, 153 Hepteris septemsulcata 66, 67, 71, 77, 79 limestone Heteroceras 39 Bucegi Mountains 8–11 Holocryptocanium cf. H. barbui 8, 10 Pa˘durea Craiului 51–53, 55, 57, 59 hopanoids 172, 173–174 Paraı´ba Basin 86–89, 91, 93, 94 hydrocarbons Serra Negra well 160, 162, 165, 179 Jatoba´ Basin 157, 167–169, 171–175, 177, 179 Liscomb Bonebed Vienna Basin 123, 124 dinosaur remains 187, 188, 189 hydrogen isotopes, Hat¸eg Basin 205–206 isotopic composition 191, 192, 193, 195, 196 Hypsilophodontidae isotopic composition 191, Lithraphidites acutus 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76, 79 192, 195 Lithraphidites carniolensis 69, 70, 110 Lithraphidites praequadratus 110 Ichnusella trocholinaeformis 8 Lithraphidites quadratus 109, 110 Ilhas Group 158, 159 Livello Bonarelli see oceanic anoxic events, OAE2 illite, Serra Negra well 162, 163, 165 Lombard Basin impact see meteorite impact CIE 22 Infiesto Formation 67 palaeogeography 8 iridium anomaly, K-Pg Boundary 85–86 Los Santos Formation 33 Isocrystallithus compactus 68, 69 Loxolithus armilla 69 isoprenoids acyclic 171, 173 Maastrichtian aryl 175, 177, 180 East Carpathians 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, isotopes see stable isotopes 116, 117 Itamaraca´ drill hole 86, 87, 89,90 Gosau Group 124, 125, 126 geochemical composition 91, 92–94 Hat¸eg Basin 203–205, 209 mercury 96, 97 Paraı´ba Basin 86–90, 95–96, 98–99 silica and alumina 95–96 Prince Creek Formation 186–187, 189, stable isotopes 95 197–198 INDEX 217

Macla Nappes 106, 107 Nagyharsa´ny Formation 54 magmatic processes, Hat¸eg Basin 208–209 stable isotope records 56, 57 magmatism, Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 53 Nannoconus 12, 21, 22, 24, 69 Maiersdorf Formation 126 Nannoconus bucheri 10 Manivitella pemmatoidea 69, 70, 110 Nannoconus cornutus 10 Maria Farinha Formation 86, 87, 88,89–90 Nannoconus dolomiticus 10 geochemistry 91, 92–94 Nannoconus steinmannii 8 Marizal Formation 158, 159 nannofossils see calcareous nannofossils Markalius inversus 110 Nautiloculina bronnimanni 52 marl Neobiscutum parvulum 108, 110, 113 Arobes section 66,67 Neocomites peregrinus Ammonite Zone 10 Bucegi Mountains 8, 15 Neolobites vibrayeanus 67 East Carpathians 106, 109, 113, 114, 115, 117 Neomeris cretacea 53 Gosau Group 124, 125, 126, 137 Neotrocholina 52 Hat¸eg Basin 205 Neotrocholina infragranulata 8, 10, 21 Pa˘durea Craiului 51, 52, 53, 55, 59, 60 Nephrolithus frequens 110 Paja Formation 34, 35, 36, 38–39, 42, Netrocholina 51 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 100 Nierental Formation 124, 126 Plenus Marl 67, 77 Niveau Fallot black shale 59 Serra Negra well 162, 164, 171, 175, 179 Northern Calcareous Alps 124–126 Marthasterites simplex 69,71 mass extinction see extinction, K-Pg Boundary oceanic anoxic events 49 mercury and LIPs 49, 63 Paraı´ba Basin 91, 93, 94, 96–97, 101 OAE-1a 31, 45, 49, 54–55, 58–59, 153 volcanic source 96 OAE-1b 49, 54, 59 Mesorbitolina subconcava 53 OAE2 49, 63–80 Mesorbitolina texana 52, 53 Arobes section 64–79 meteorite impact, K-Pg Boundary 85–86, 90, 96, 101, Valanginian 5, 17–18, 21, 22, 24, 50 105, 115 Octocyclus reinhardtii 69 methane, Xiagou Formation 150, 154 Octolithus multiplus 110 Metoicoceras geslinianum 67 Olinda drill hole 86, 87, 89,90 Micrantholithus hoschulzii 12 geochemical composition 94 Micrantholithus obtusus 12, 19 mercury 96, 98 Micrantholithus speetonensis 6, 21 silica and alumina 96 micrite stable isotopes 95 Paja Formation 35, 36,38 Ontong Java volcanic province 58, 59 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 90 Orbitolinopsis buccifer 52 Microrhabdulus belgicus 69 Orbitolinopsis cuvilieri 52 Microrhabdulus decoratus 69, 109, 110 Orbitolinopsis pygmaea 51, 52 Micula concava 110, 116 organic matter production Micula cubiformis 116 Bucegi Mountains 16–17, 21, 22–23, 24 Micula decussata 110, 116 East Carpathians 115 Micula murus 110, 116 Serra Negra well samples 176–180 Micula praemurus 110, 116 organic-carbon flux 49 Micula prinsii 108, 109, 110, 113 Ornithischians, isotopic composition 192, 195 Micula swastica 110, 116 oxygen isotopes Miliospirella cretacea 8, 10 Arobes section 65, 66, 71, 76–77 Miliospirella sardoa 8, 10 and diagenesis 71–72 mineralogy, quantitative Bucegi Mountains 12, 14, 15, 16–17, 20 East Carpathians 111, 112, 113–114 Hat¸eg Basin 205–209 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 206, 208, 209 marine/non-marine environments 123–124, 126, Mogyoro´sdomb Formation, stable isotope 128–138 records 56 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56,59 Moldavide Nappe System 106, 107 comparison 56, 57 Montiella elitzae 53 Paraı´ba Basin 92, 94,95 Mount Lespezi, Bucegi Mountains 7, 11 Serra Negra well sample 167–169, 175–176, 179 calcareous nannofossils 12–15, 19 vertebrate teeth 186–187, 190–191, 192, CIE 22–24 193–199 geochemistry 13, 14 Xiagou Formation 147–148, 149, 150–151 lithology and biostratigraphy 8–11 oxygen minimum zone 21 stable isotope data 20,22 muscovite 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 162 P4 section, Bucegi Mountains 7, 11 Myjava Group 126 calcareous nannofossils 12–15, 18 Mytiloides mytiloides inoceramid zone 66,70 CIE 18, 20–21, 23 218 INDEX

P4 section, Bucegi Mountains (Continued) Placozygus fibuliformis 110 geochemistry 13, 14 plagioclase lithology and biostratigraphy 8, 9 East Carpathians 111, 113 Pachyrhinosaurus 187, 189 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 207, 208 isotopic composition 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196–197 Serra Negra well 162, 163, 164 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains Plenus Cold Event 77 climate change 55, 56 Plenus Marl 67, 77 palaeogeography 50, 51 Polystrata alba 53 stable isotope stratigraphy 54–55, 56 Poty Quarry drill hole 86, 87, 89,90 comparison 56, 57 geochemical composition 92–93 palaeoenvironment 57–58 mercury 96, 97 Selli event 58–59 silica and alumina 96 Paja Formation 32, 33,38–39 stable isotopes 95 ammonites 35 Praebulimina 65 biochronology 39, 41 Praedorothia praehauteriviana 8 black shale 33, 34, 36, 38–39, 45 Prebetic Range fossils 35, 36, 38–39, 41 organic-rich shale 31 lithology 35, 37 stable isotope records 44 palaeoenvironment 43 Prediscosphaera 66, 74–75, 76, 77 stable isotope stratigraphy 37, 39, 42–43, 45 East Carpathians 109, 110 Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 49, 186 Prediscosphaera columnata 69,74 palaeoclimate Prediscosphaera cretacea 69, 74, 110 Prince Creek Formation 189 Prediscosphaera ponticula 69, 74, 110 stable isotopes 185–186 Prediscosphaera stoveri 110 Arctic 197–199 primary productivity 22, 24, 49, 176–180 palaeoecology, dinosaur, Prince Creek Formation 196–197 Prince Creek Formation palaeoenvironment dinosaurs 186 Carpathian-Pannonian region 57–58 palaeoecology 196–197 Curitı´ section 41–42 geological setting 187–189 Prince Creek Formation 187, 189 palaeoclimate 189 palaeohydrology 186–187 palaeoenvironment 187, 189 Prince Creek Formation 194–196 palaeohydrology 194–196 palaeosols 187, 189, 205, 206–208 Prodeshayesites 39, 41, 45 Palorbitolina lenticularis 51, 52 productivity, surface-water 49 Parachaetetes asvapatii 53 Prottes Gosau Group 124–125, 126 Paracoskinolina 51 Pseudoactinoporella fragilis 52 Paracypris caerulea 8, 10, 15 Pseudobelus cf. P. brevis 10 Paraı´ba Basin Pseudohaploceras 39 CMT 98–99 Pseudolituonella conica 53 geochemistry 90–100 Pseudonummoloculina aurigerica 52 geological setting 86–90 Psilocitharella arguta 10 K-Pg Boundary 86–101 Psilocitharella recta 10 mercury 91, 93, 94,96–97 Psilocitharella sp. cf. P. kochii 10 rare earth elements 90, 93, 97–100 Pulchellia 39 stable isotopes 92, 94,95 Pycnodonte 67 stratigraphy 88, 89 pyrite nodules, Paraı´ba Basin 100 Parana`-Etendeka Large Igneous Province 6, 21, 22, 56 pyrolysis, Curitı´ section 39, 40,45 Pediomys 189 pyroxene 205, 208, 209 Pediomys Point dinosaur remains 187, 188, 189 Qiliania graffini 145 isotopic composition 191, 192, 193, 195, 196 Quadrum gartneri 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 78–79 Pennrich Fauna 67, 77, 79 Quadrum intermedium 66, 69, 70, 71, 79 phosphate, dinosaur teeth 186, 191 quartz phosphatization 41, 45 Curitı´ section 41, 42 phosphorite, Rosablanca Formation 34, 35, 36, 37–38, East Carpathians 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 41–42, 45 Hat¸eg Basin 207 phytoplankton, isoprenoids 171, 173 Prince Creek Formation 188 Pieniny Klippen Belt 50 Serra Negra well 162, 163, 164, 165 stable isotope records 57 shocked, Paraı´ba Basin 85, 90, 96 Piesting Formation 126 Valea Bobdei Member 51 Pietros¸it¸a section, Ialomit¸a Valley 106, 107, 108 calcareous nannofossils 108 Rachitova outcrop, isotopic composition 205, K-Pg boundary 115 206–209 mineralogy, TOC and carbon isotopes 111, 113, 115 Radiolithus planus 69 INDEX 219 rare earth elements sea level change and dolomitization 98 Barremian, Rosablanca Formation 42 Paraı´ba Basin 90, 93, 97–100 Ce anomaly 98, 99 recovery phase 71, 74, 75, 108, 117, K-Pg Boundary 99 recrystallization diagenesis 15 Valanginian 18, 22, 23–24 red detrital formation 53 Selli OAE-1a 55, 56,58–59 Retecapsa angustiforata 69, 110 Sentistva´nhegy Formation, stable isotope records 56 Retecapsa crenulata 69, 110 Sergi Formation 159 Rhagodiscus achlyostaurion 69 Serra Negra well samples 158, 159 Rhagodiscus angustus 69, 70 bulk geochemical parameters 163–171 Rhagodiscus asper 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76, 79 deposition model 178, 179, 180 East Carpathians 110 geochemistry, organic 166, 171–179 Rhagodiscus splendens 69, 70, 110 lithology 160, 162–163 rhodochrosite 111, 113, 115 stable isotopes 167–169, 175–179 Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum 67 sesquiterpenoids 174 rhythmites 87, 96 shale Riedelites obliquum 41, 43 Serra Negra well 160, 162–163, 165, 178, 179 Rochovica section, stable isotope records 50, 51, 56, 57, see also black shale; clay 58–59 shocked quartz 85, 90, 96 Romania siderite, pedogenic 198 Bucegi Mountains, isotopic signals 6–24 isotopic composition 191, 194–195, 196, 197 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains, anoxic events silica, Paraı´ba Basin 95–96 50–60 smectite Rosablanca Formation 32, 33, 34, 35, 37,38 East Carpathians 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117 biochronology 39 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 207 palaeoenvironment 42–43, 45 Serra Negra well 162, 163, 164, 165, 179 sea level rise 42 Sollites lowei 6, 21 stable isotope signal 41–42 Somes¸ Series 50, 52 stable isotope stratigraphy 37, 39, 42 S¸otrile Formation 106 Rosalina 65 Southern Carpathians Rotalipora cushmani 66, 68, 71, 76, 77, 79 Bucegi Mountains Rotalipora cushmani Zone 66, 67, 71, 72, geological setting 7–11 76, 78 Valanginian isotopic signals 11–24 Rotalipora greenhornensis 66, 68, 76 Hat¸eg Basin, isotope geochemistry 203–209 Rumanollina feifeli 8, 10, 21 Speetonia colligata 8, 10 Runcu Formation 106–107 Spiniferites 65 Spirillina 21, 24 Sabaudia auruncensis 53 Spirillina italica 8 Sabaudia capitata 51 Spirillina minima 8, 10 Sabaudia minuta 53 Spumellaria 9 Salpingoporella 52 stable isotopes Salpingoporella anulata 51 Arobes section 65, 66, 71–72, 76–77 Salpingoporella katzeri 51 Bucegi Mountains 12, 14, 15, 16–17, 20,22–23 Salpingoporella muehlbergii 52 East Carpathians 111, 112, 115 sandstone Hat¸eg Basin 203–209, 205–209 East Carpathians 106, 113, 114, 115 indication of palaeoclimate 185–186, 197–199 Gosau Group 124, 126, 127, 138 influence of diagenesis 71–72, 137 Hat¸eg Basin 205 marine/non-marine environments, Gosau Group Pa˘durea Craiului 52, 53, 59 123–124, 126, 128–138 Paraı´ba Basin 86 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56, 57,58–60 Prince Creek Formation 187, 189, 196 Paja Formation 37, 39, 41–43, 44,45 Serra Negra well 160, 162, 163, 164, 175, 179 Paraı´ba Basin 92, 94,95 Xiagou Formation 145 Serra Negra well samples 167–169, 175–179 sanidine 205, 207 vertebrate bioapatite 186–187, 190–191, 192, Saˆnpetru Formation 203–204, 205 193–199 Santa Rosa Canyon, Mexico, stable isotopes 43 Xiagou Formation 146, 147–148, 149–154 Santana Group 159 Staurolithites crux 69, 110 Santander-Floresta Massif 32 steroids, algae 172, 173 Sa˜o Sebastia˜o Formation 158, 159 Stoverius achylosus 69,76 Sauronitholestes 189 Stoyanowiceras treffryanus zone 41, 43 Saynoceras verrucosum Ammonite Zone 5, 6, 8, 10, 18, 21, strontium isotopes 22, 23 Hat¸eg Basin 205–209 Scaglia Variegata Formation 55 marine/non-marine environments 123–124, 127, 128, Schrader Bluff Formation 187 130, 131–133, 138 220 INDEX

Studienka Gosau Group 126 Vaˆrciorog Formation 52, 53, 54 core samples 126, 127 Fallot CIE 59 isotopes 129, 132–133, 134 OAE-1b 54, 55,59 marine/non-marine environment 132–133, 134, 136 Varnit¸a section 106, 107, 109 nannofossils 128 K-Pg Boundary 115 Subbetic Range turbidites 115 organic-rich shale 31 mineralogy, TOC and carbon isotopes 112, stable isotope records 44 114, 115 Subcarpathian Nappe 106, 107 vertebrates, stable isotopes 186–187 Subpiatra˘ Member 52, 53, 54 Vienna Basin 123 Subpulchellia 39 geological setting 124–126 Villa´ny Mountains 51 Tablazo-Magdalena Basin 32–33 stable isotope records 57 Tarcau Nappe 106, 107 Vocontian Basin teeth see bioapatite, vertebrate Aptian stable isotope records 43 Teleajen Nappes 106, 107 CIE 18 terpenoids 174, 180 Niveau Fallot black shales 59 Textularia 65 organic-rich shale 31 Thoracosphaera palaeogeography 8 Arobes section 65, 66, 69, 70, 74–75, 77–78, 79 volcanism East Carpathians 108, 110, 113, 116, 117 and CIEs 50, 58, 59, 154 tillite 6 Bucegi Mountains 6, 17, 21, 22 Tirnovella pertransiensis Ammonite Zone 8 Cretaceous-Palaeogene transition 86 Tisza block 50, 51 and global warming 6, 86 total inorganic carbon (TIC), Curitı´ section 37,39 mercury 96 total organic carbon (TOC) Voloshinoides 51 Arobes section 67 Vrancea Nappe 106, 107 Curitı´ section 37, 39, 42 East Carpathians 111, 112, 115 water Serra Negra well 164–165, 166, 170–171, 174 meteoric Xiagou Formation 147–148, 149 diagenesis 15 Toxancyloceras 39 isotopic composition 191, 196–197, 198 Tranolithus gabalus 69, 110 palaeohydrology 186–187 Tranolithus orionatus 69 Watznaueria barnesae Tranolithus phacelosus 110 Arobes section 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 77 Tristix palaeofusca 8 Bucegi Mountains 12–13, 14–15, 19 triterpenoids 174 East Carpathians 109, 110, 113, 116 Troglotella incrustans 53 fluctuation 73–75 Troodon 189 preservation 75–76 isotopic composition 191, 192, 195 Watznaueria biporta 69 tsunami, K-Pg boundary 115 Watznaueria manivitae 69 Tubodiscus verenae 8, 10, 20–21 Watznaueria ovata 69, 110 tuff Weissert CIE 5, 22, 50, 56 Gura Beliei Formation 106 West Carpathians, Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains Hat¸eg Basin 205, 206, 207 50, 51 Liscomb Bonebed 188, 189 Whiteinella archaeocretacea zone 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, turbidites, Varnit¸a section 115 77–78 Turonian, Arobes section 66, 67, 68 Tyrannosauridae, isotopic composition 191, 192, 195 Xiagou Formation, fluvio-lacustrine strata 143–154 carbon isotopes Vaginulina arguta 10 carbonate 146, 148, 149, 150, 152–153 Vaginulina recta 10 organic 146, 149–150, 152–153 Valanginian carbon/oxygen isotope cross-plots 149, 150, 151 Bucegi Mountains, geochemistry 11, 12, 14 chemostratigraphy 146–154 carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) 5–6, 18, 56–57 dating and palaeoclimate 153–154 Carpathian-Pannonian region 56–57 geology 145 climate 6 global correlation 151–153 greenhouse conditions 6 local correlation 149–150 oceanic anoxic events 5, 22 oxygen isotopes 147–148, 149, 150–151 Valea Bobdei Member 51, 53 palaeolimnological interpretation 150–151 Selli event 58, 59 Valea Ma˘gurii Formation 51–52, 53 zeolite 198, 206 OAE-1a 54, 55 Zeugrhabdotus diplogrammus 69, 110, 116 Selli event 58, 59 Zeugrhabdotus elegans 69, 110, 116 INDEX 221

Zeugrhabdotus embergeri 69, 70, 110, 116 Zeugrhabdotus sp. 19 Zeugrhabdotus erectus Zhonggou Formation 145 Arobes section 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 77, 79 Zittelina massei 53 Bucegi Mountains 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24 Zoophycos 11, 22, 24 East Carpathians 110, 116 Zweiersdorf Formation 126