Index Page numbers in italic denote Figures. Page numbers in bold denote Tables. Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone 106 Berriasian-Valanginian, stable isotope records 56–57 Acanthodiscus radiatus Ammonite Zone 5, 10, 22 Bersek quarry 50 Ahmuellerella octoradiata 68, 69, 110 stable isotope records 57, 58 Albertosaurus 189 Biantholithus sparsus 108, 109, 110 Alcapa block 50, 51 Bihor nappe system 50 algae bioapatite, vertebrate, stable isotopes 186–187, carotenoids 175 191–194 steroids 173 biocalcification crisis, Bucegi Mountains 6, 24 Alianc¸a Formation 159 biochronology, Curitı´ section 39, 41 alkanes 171, 172, 173, 179–180 biotite alumina, Paraı´ba Basin 95–96 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 207, 208, 209 Ammodiscus siliceus 8, 10 Jatoba´ Basin 162, 163 amphibole 205, 208, 209 bird fossils, Xiagou Formation 145 Amphidonte 67 Biscutum constans Amphizygus brooksii 69, 110 Arobes section 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 76, 77, 79 Ancyloceras matheronianum 39, 41 Bucegi Mountains 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24 Ancyloceras vandenheckii 39 Biscutum coronum 69 angiosperms 174, 180 Biscutum ellipticum 110, 116 anoxia see oceanic anoxic events bivalves, Paja Formation 35, 36,41 Aptian, OAE-1a 31, 45, 153 black shale 31 Apuseni Mountains 50, 51 Bucegi Mountains 23–24 Araripe Basin 158, 159 formation 49–50 Archaeoalveolina reicheli 52 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 55, 58, 59 Arctic Paja Formation 33, 34, 36, 38–39, 42, 45 Brooks Range 187, 188 Blid Formation 51, 53, 54 modern warming 198, 199 Braarudosphaera bigelowii 69,78 palaeoclimate, Cretaceous 186, 197–199 East Carpathians 108, 110, 116–117 stable isotopes, palaeoclimate 197–198 Braarudosphaera regularis 12 Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis 109, 110 Brazil, lacustrine sediments 157–180 Arobes section, northwest Spain Brezova´ Group 126 calcareous nannofossils 65–66, 67–71, 76–79 Broinsonia enormis 69 fluctuation 72–75 Brooks Range 187, 188 preservation and reworking 75–76 palaeohydrology 195–196 geological setting 64–65 Bucegi Mountains lithostratigraphy and macropaleontology 66–67 calcareous nannofossils 12–15, 18–22, 24 OAE2 64–79 geochemistry 11, 12, 14 Plateau Phase 77 geological setting 7–11 stable isotopes 65, 66, 71, 76–77 palaeogeography 8 and diagenesis 71–72 stable isotopes 20 Audia Nappes 106, 107 composition 15, 17–18 Axopodorhabdus albianus 66, 68, 69, 70,79 preservation 15 Bucovinian Nappes 106, 107 Bacinella 52, 53 Busnardoites campylotoxus Ammonite Zone 5, 8, 18 bacteria aryl isoprenoids 175, 180 cadalene 174 hopanoids 173–174 Calabianca section, stable isotope records 44 Bakony Mountains 50, 51 calcareous nannofossils stable isotope records 56, 57 Arobes section 65–66, 67–71, 76–79 Banatitic magmatism 53, 203 fluctuation 72–75 Barremian, stable isotope records, palaeoenvironment preservation and reworking 75–76 57–58 Bucegi Mountains 8–11, 12–15, 18–22, 24 basalt diagenesis 13–15 flood 22, 86, 96 East Carpathians 108–109, 110, 113 Hat¸eg Basin 206, 207, 208 K-Pg extinction 115–116 Paraı´ba Basin 97 Gosau Group 127–128 Basque-Cantabrian region, organic-rich shale 31 Calcicalathina oblongata 8, 10 Beberibe Formation 86, 88 Calcicalathina oblongata Zone 5 Belorusiella textularoides 8 calcilutite 38, 42 214 INDEX calcite Changma Basin 144–145 East Carpathians 113, 114, 115, 117 Changma bird quarries 144 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 52 carbonate sampling 145–154 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 90 Chiastozygus litterarius 69, 110 Serra Negra well 161, 162, 165 Chicxulub impact crater 85, 86, 105 calcium carbonate Chijinpu Formation 145 Bucegi Mountains 11, 12, 16–17, 20–21, 22, 24 Chijinqiao Formation 145 Paja Formation 37 chlorite 111, 112, 113, 114, 117 162, 163 Calculites percenis 69 Chlorobiaceae 175 Calpionellites major Subzone 8 Chondrites intricatus 106, 109 Calpionellites Zone 8 Cismon section, stable isotope records Campanian-Maastrichtian Transition, Paraı´ba Basin 95, Aptian 43, 55, 152, 153 98–99 Barremian 58 Campylotoxus zone 56, 57 clay Candeias Formation 158, 159 Curitı´ section 38–39, 42 carbon dioxide, greenhouse conditions 6, 21, 49 East Carpathians 106, 108, 113, 115 carbon isotopes Gosau Group 138 Arobes section 65, 71, 76–77 Paraı´ba Basin 87, 95–96 Bucegi Mountains 12, 14, 15, 16–17, 20 Serra Negra well 159–165, 173, 179 Curitı´ section 37, 39, 41–43, 44,45 climate change East Carpathians 111, 112, 115 Aptian 55, 58, 59, 153–154 marine/non-marine environments 123–124, 126, Arctic 186, 189, 198–199 128–138 K-Pg Boundary 86 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56,57–60 Plenus Cold Event 77 comparison 56, 57 Valanginian 21 Paraı´ba Basin 92, 94,95 clinopyroxene 205, 208, 209 Serra Negra well sample 167–169, 176–179 Colchidites breistofferi 41, 45 Xiagou Formation Colombia see Curitı´ section carbonate 146, 147–148, 148, 149, 150, 152–153 Colville Basin 187 organic 146, 147–148, 149–154 Colville River, dinosaur remains 191, 192, 193, 195 carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) 49–50 Conusphaera mexicana 8 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 54–55, 56–57, 58–60 Coposeni Member 51, 53 Valanginian stable isotope records 57–58 Bucegi Mountains 5–6, 17, 18, 20, 22–23 Corollithion kennedyi 66, 68, 69,79 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 56–57 Crato Formation 158, 159 Valanginian-Barremian 57–58 lithology 160, 162 carbonate platforms stable isotopes 160 Bucegi Mountains 7–8, 11 see also Serra Negra well drowning, and carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) 6, Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary 85, 105 21, 22 East Carpathians 106–117 Pa˘durea Craiului 50–54, 58, 59 Europe 105–106 Selli event 58 extinctions 85, 86, 101, 105, 108, 115–116, 117 carbonates meteorite impact 85–86, 90, 96, 101, 105, 115 marine/freshwater Paraı´ba Basin 86–101 diagenesis 137 volcanism 86 isotope studies 123–138 Cretarhabdus conicus 69, 110 nannofossils 127–128 Cretarhabdus striatus 69, 110 reworking 137–138 Cribrocorona gallica 110 strontium isotopes 123–124, 138 Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii 109 Serra Negra well sample, stable isotopes 175–179 Crioceratites loryi Ammonite Zone 10 see also calcium carbonate Criosarasinella furcillata Ammonite Zone 10, 22 Caribbean Colombian Plateau volcanic activity 77 Crucibiscutum salebrosum 6, 21 Caribbean Large Igneous Province 63 Curitı´ section, Colombia carotenoids 174–175, 177, 180 biochronology 39, 41 Carpathian Mountains see East Carpathians; Southern geology 32–34 Carpathians; West Carpathians Paja Formation 35, 36, 37,38–39 Carpathoporella fontis 52 palaeoenvironment 41–42 Carpathoporella occidentalis 53 pyrolysis 39, 40,45 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event see oceanic anoxic stable isotope stratigraphy 39, 41–43, 44,45 events, OAE2 see also Paja Formation; Rosablanca Formation Central Asturian Depression 64–65 Cyclagelosphaera deflandrei 10 biostratigraphy 65 Cyclagelosphaera margerelii Ceratolithoides 109, 110 Arobes section 66, 69, 74–75, 76, 77, 79 cerium anomaly 98, 99, 101 East Carpathians 110, 116 INDEX 215 Cyclagelosphaera rotaclypeata 69 Eiffellithus windii 8 East Carpathians 110, 116 Epicheloniceras 41, 43 Cyclonephelium 65 Epistomina 6 Cylindralithus nudus 110 Eprolithus apertior 69 Cylindralithus sculptus 110 Eprolithus floralis 66, 69, 70, 73–75, 76, 77, 79 Cylindralithus serratus 69,76 Eprolithus octopetalus 66, 68, 69, 71, 79 Cylindroporella ivanovici 53 europium anomaly 98, 99 Cymatoceras 10 extinction, K-Pg Boundary 85, 86, 101, 105, 108, Cytherella fragilis 8, 10, 15 115–116, 117 Exu Formation 158, 159 Dacia block 50, 51 Deccan Traps 86, 189 Fallot CIE 50, 55, 56,59 Densus¸-Ciula Formation 203–205 Faraoni CIE 50, 56, 57, 58 isotopic composition 205, 206–209 feldspar Dervantina filipescui 52 Hat¸eg Basin 205, 208, 209 Deshayesites forbesi ammonite zone 31 Paraı´ba Basin 96 diagenesis Serra Negra well 162, 163, 164 Bucegi Mountains 13–15 Varnit¸a section 112, 113, 114, 115 burial 15 Flabellites oblongus 69 and isotope fluctuation 71–72, 137 fractional crystallization, Hat¸eg Basin 208–209 Pa˘durea Craiului Mountains 55 fucoids 106, 109, 114, 115, Diazomatolithus lehmanii Fursenkoina 65 Arobes section 69 gammacerane 175, 177, 180 Bucegi Mountains 12, 13, 15, 21, 22, 24 East Carpathians 110 Gansu Province, Xiagou Formation, fluvio-lacustrine dinosaurs strata 143–154 Prince Creek Formation 186, 187 Gansus yumenensis 145 ingested water 190–191 Gargano Promontory, organic-rich shale 31 isotopic composition 191–194 Gartnerago segmentatum 110 palaeoecology 196–197 Gaudrynella eichenbergi 10 teeth 186, 189–190 Geat Valley, isotopic composition 205, 206–208 Discorhabdus rotatorius 12, 13, 15, 22, 24 Gerecse Mountains 50, 51 diterpenoids 174 stable isotope records 56, 57,58 Dobres¸ti Member 51, 53, 54 Gerhardtia 39 palaeoenvironment 57 Getic Carbonate Platform 7 dolomite Getic Nappe 7, 8 Paja Formation 35, 36,38 Gießhu¨bl Formation 124 Serra Negra well samples 162, 163, 165, 177, 179 Gießhu¨bl Syncline 124, 125, 126 Dorothia 6 core samples 126, 128 Dromaeosaurus 189 isotopes 128–129, 132, 134 isotopic composition 192, 195 marine/non-marine environment 132, 134, 136 Dufrenoyia sanctorum-Stoyanowiceras treffryanus zone nannofossils 127, 128 41, 43 Girariarella prismatica 53 Dunaliella 175 Giraudi Zone 45 Duvalia dilatata dilatata 10 glass microspherules 85–86 glendonite carbonite nodules 6 East Carpathians, K-Pg Boundary 106–117 Glintzendorf Syncline 123, 125–126 calcareous nannofossils 108–109, 110, 113 core samples 126, 127 extinction 115–116 isotopes 128, 129, 131, 134 geological setting 106–107 marine/non-marine environment 129–130, 131, 133, mineralogy, TOC and isotopes 111, 112, 113, 114 134, 135–136 Eastern Cordillera, Colombia 32 nannofossils 127 Ecleja Formation 51, 52, 55 global cooling 6, 154 CIE 54, 55 global warming