Whitebark and Limber Pine S

Whitebark and Limber Pine S

U Pinus albicaulis and Pinus flexilis T A

T The decline of whitebark and limber pine across their range is a result of the disease white pine blister rust (caused by the introduced fungus S Cronartium ribicola ), and mountain pine beetle (MPB) infestations. Fire suppression and subsequent loss of habitat are also factors in the decline of these pines in parts of their ranges. As a result, both species are endangered under provincial legislation and whitebark is endangered under the federal Species at Risk Act . Limber pine has yet to be assessed at the federal level.

The first step in management of any species is learning its distribution. ) t Alberta is exploring the use of a variety of techniques such as modeling c

A and photo interpretation that will help identify locations and potential

e

f habitat for these pines. Regional surveys for these pines are also i l underway. d l d i W

e Throughout the Alberta ranges of whitebark and limber pine, selected (

s stands are being assessed for health. The number and size of trees, the r u

t number of trees infested with blister rust, or attacked by mountain e a

t pine beetle, and the number of dead trees is documented. Through s

g

l these surveys, potentially rust resistant trees can be identified and a targeted for cone collection to grow resistant seedlings for replanting g n e

l and for gene conservation.

a a t r Mountain pine beetle attack and kill healthy whitebark and limber e d b pines. In several stands in the province, verbenone, a synthetically l

A produced chemical that deters mountain pine beetles from attacking trees, is placed throughout the

n stand to protect the trees. It can be used to protect individual trees or stands of trees; however, it is not most effective at low to moderate levels of beetle infestation. Stands with many mature, cone-bearing

E trees and stands where cones are collected are given priority for protection.

The fungal pathogen causing white pine blister rust has been spreading throughout white pine hosts in Canada for a century. Blister rust damages tree canopies and kills trees by girdling branches and stems. White pine blister rust requires two different hosts to complete its complex life cycle. Spores produced in cankers on whitebark and limber pine trees infect the alternate hosts. Rust spores produced on the alternate hosts then infect other whitebark and limber pines. The main alternate hosts are gooseberry 0

and currant shrubs (i.e. Ribes specikes). Other potential alternate hosts are louseworts and Indian 8 3 / I

paintbrush. Ribes eradications have been attempted in the past but with limited success. Removal of . o N the alternate host may be effective in small isolated stands of trees but not effective on the landscape b u P

scale.

Research is important to gain information on how best to manage for these pine species. Currently,

)

research in Alberta includes cone production, tree interactions with other species, the role of prescribed d e t n i

fire, and cone predation by red squirrels. r a p ( d

a 2 - n a [email protected] or by using the form at: 8 C Report the location of any 5

s 6 k http://www.albertaparks.ca/albertaparksca/management-land-use/alberta-conservation-information- 8 r

whitebark and limber pine trees - a 5 P you discover, to the Alberta management-system-(acims).aspx 8 y 7 s 7 e - Conservation Management t r 0 - u 8 System. More information can be found at: o c 7

9 o

t http://srd.alberta.ca/BioDiversityStewardship/SpeciesAtRisk/DetailedStatus/InvertebratesPlants.aspx . o o h N p http://www.whitebarkfound.org/ N B S I W L d s a g n p p n O i r e i s n o h e d e t e u c O i i d

t n

i j p e e a l h g e K DESCRIPTION . b s c a

u s

k W a - v

o i p A

r s e f p k h h e

L i t

p e r i n a w t

I i d e e g K n n o

b , r d e f

E W W Y c B W p t w s h h t t l “ b b c w t T m s s a a w o s f o . a r b s i

r h r h t h c e o i o m o

u l h n n

e i e e k o e r y e i o u r e r S f n i h h k o a m m e a e p h h a

n t m o c i l r c e i d t

e e t m n

P i g p m h l e i i , u

u t s d d h p a u h t i a i o b

e d t s t

s t t t

E t k t w w

m

h s n

e e o n e m e

e u r c

e h

e e m s m

o

a i m a s

c C . p d

g e h t r d c b r b t h o

p e s d n b b s h

l

f o i o e r

t

m m

e o s B i p

i r a e o e h I e a a a l u

n o e i e l w n , m a a a E i o n l n . n e w i m

d s r m i n

y r r a n

n n o m t f a r r h l e g

S

a o a i w o

k L k e a l o l A

r

e k k , d b s o h o r n

b

s b e o 5 r r

i i n d

f s

t a r o t

l e

b m e g d o s e

h

c e p p b i

w a s t s

o o l a p l

c a s r t

i a h t g e u r , z h u h

e w t p c

n m i i i e h

e n h h

u

b i t a r n e p n n e a .

o r

o r n g n a d t t a e o e

b ” s t f

o i p d u e e n n

e l f m b e e e c n e e a e v e h e t o r

a c

p g

o a

i s r r

b d a , n d l a o e

s

l

e 2 r O a m

i

b o

t l i n t l

i g m

a r o s , e

l e e i

i l

n a s b

p p o

e o h 0 t k m s ,

i a s b r s o a e r o n r g

l h f s t

w u n y d

y a a r e

i a f e e i

h d b

e n

p i n a

g t

r

p

m v n g y f b

t r m d l

b a n d a l l p w o h r x u h e i f o e e

h e p p e e d e

h i l e e a

s o

t y p ,

n i l s w w e p i e p o

p s o

s e e l u f t t i l

t m c

r p j

u s r t i y o e a h i o c i y e s t e

r v

o

k r a o n h r r m h n e l a i e

c p

t i s a l

e h , s r o p

a d a

e e g

r t t h r t r

k

e e

n

s a r

u v l i a o h i k e t o l . t t l l i l s y n s h i e r a s s l d d d e n y

e a g h w r n t

n .

e e .

O

n e e r t , e t

t -

r ,

i n

g l l e e c .

a r s

o n o c i

t h r e s y i d

n g t C i

t s t r

h o e e a t i f o b A

w g s

t r n e t h P J o

z s t o t

s h m P d . e r r

w

r h a n i e . h

e e

s a i s e t n e e w t e g p

t b e t m , T c d e

o e i w

P r a u r e

e h i e t r t a k s a h i l

g t w l

l s

s i

o r e i o h d d o s f i k l

u

e r t

c s i n t s

l s

e r g t i

n e P s b l a d e l h i o a t t h n

r n k n e h c

e l t i d u

s a h e i e r e e f d r a

r c i e a , i a g y m n d n

o

e n v e t

m l e

m ,

n e s o

i e

a a n n n r t

e

o k e e d e w

a d

t b i

e a l

h e

l f r n t s l - d a n i o s t r r d f c o

n d t o e v o r e i e n s u e w s s

t t a

d h o

o

a s s r e w d i a

n e o s

i o a n d w

z s

d t , n

w a o n n t

o l d n n / o a g

c t

y d e

a t

i i o g i s u r s h c e

a n

t

t a m d s

i f

d r . e t t w a e t t o o a h r e a n s i

t i

i d n

h e

r h d t

g

t f W p

i

h s a s f l n e e t h t n i e h o y o b

e e y

e

s s u , i r a b i r s , e d a t i e l e

g g

e f e r h u f h e

n

e , l

r t h s l e s

a

a

p t

a a

o

u t e h t h , m

l i t t

p

h a , b e

r i t t

m r

v t h e

h t a

w

m i d e e e a e e i u o i n

s t

e h a y o e d a n l e p m r

h x e i r h . b o l

p i d e r f a s b s

,

r e

n g s r p c s k a f e

a T a r c i m s l

r ,

t o e e n

s y i o n e a t

l

a

t l o

b h c r t e a a d t e w

e e r o

u e

o

k

n h o r u t r f n e

l g e m i m d o

v l n e s f e n r a p o

n w e e e o h s l y d

e r a a t .

t , w . i t i y r s s y

v o a u

a t d p

i g

n e n

t i a c e c T o

g h o t a t c t i w b l n

a t d h s o e i o d h o i e s t - c o r o t

u n h o h

l r i s t l e t b

e i n

n s i a c - c i k v o

a n s e t n s d l g t k c e

e e a u i e l r

i e h

t r m n h g s s e i a i o e a e n b s r s e s o r s v r o

a k

y , t a

n r . t e a a

r e

e s b

o i

a

w i

l y o a m n d W n n d n s

o r e r

b e w t

t

d d

h i g r n

b l l f h o u h r

l i f

f

e u n

o s p o l e i i g e t i

o s l n h n i t

w l i h p t s r r e t s n e e w

m

h L L L P v p d w a a l g b y w s o

h o e

o p c . r b i a e c i s o i o o . g r

i e r e

n n w

m

s l e r n h n i o e m e i P o

a o

w g . d d u t u f e p e c .

f i

c n

h e i g o o

v r

l c w s s o r g b o a n t s n a v e T i A a h k a

o m

o t e x e o

l r . t c r e e e r e m t i n g l h t a .

i e e l s e k u o d n m b l f i u

a s

s p b r r o n f d n

o e

A r h p n d n

y

e i o n , a t l i g t o

e e n p l h p r

o c i d t r i

i t n

e

t . r n i d l a a u o o g e l

f r e b a

g c l u a

i

n k

e t b d s t l t n n r n T g t

n n d o u e h o o n e r h r

t r a , , o

g r

h e a

a e r g d

p P s i e r x c e

n d c e . t n o q g o w r

o o e

a m

e i e

i r l t e o

e y

i a e u b n e r u u r n a l a s k h o i b

n , h r l e

u o n s l n p e

e

l

i t g e l

g r i s e p e e n

i e n s l v i n e t s w e e , n o o y a t

s h t r m

h r

a i

a s e u y f e g s

e n

o

a f r

l e

e i o , o r a t e l u P ,

c e l g b t n

n

e n o g w l

e a i

a t n r w r s

p o y o

w r a g r

n s t s h e i d o

x r c p k

o P t b

e l i w n e h t r e p

h i o s s

r a t a i

t h r l k

w u n o r c i e c

o s C t h i o e u l i r r i d o o o s i

o y c a

. a p t e

u t s g s

r a c i s , u

r n s h w v

h e a h n n

n t d e T

e s

o a a e n t w n f a t e n u

b n

d n e n e h

n n o u t m a i o d s b l r d b a s p s a d h m s

a e t e e

d

p t

o

l e e y

r r t w r 1 m

s e s l a

w e

b o e

t k r i i g

. c n r r

c s m g d 5 r n e u f

d

c

h e f

. o

u h r L d o u e h p

e h a

o d r h e s f e b o T n m n y

g n r a o

r i t t f s y o s n n a h o t

e w e k i

g r e . t

r i t t h e o s t g

g e s r e o f e e h i i d - h r e e t e a h r n i n r i r e e

n

n e p r s n

t s i

g a

r n

g f . i e b

h s s s p

i s t e p c . B i r r h

s

t a a a u t e B a e . e h r

n n b c r r . B l e k

y i a c t l e L r i l

h n k y a t i w s o m r e e c ’ n f e h h s c b e

i e h a t e s e e r r e , s

Printed on 100% post consumer recyled paper I N a s S t s S r l a o h o t n e q HABITATS o t d e u T e e d u r y e d r r e

i c

r

a n s E

c t r e t

e t i a n h m a

s r r s e h g A g a h L a i o m o s t h s s t W l f n m e e r r R s . o t t h r u e i n t n i r r a f n a o l e e m e e a r o

g g d

h o b a

i a m m v r d p r g

e o e r s e e l

b . s h t u u s s s i w e l

b a i n

o a l A a n t s l h l t s r s h r i h

b p e

l c r i o e e n l

e i

o t r o . t t e a g l n e t n t i , o

a v r e W

a t h a w r b d z

s w l a i t n

o t s e a r h a f

i r e o n w b u e a e a h m C e

p

m e m

, l h

n t i v w

s n d t o

o d i t b s r r

e g i i

i i o e l q h t i

s a k n o n p i e o i , n

n

i a f

o h c S c l h

m d

r f i n m z T u e t

s

n

i e f o n i s d t l g o e o p n e s

t l i a h d e p o

i m e e n i

p t e , o s r s e h m

s i r r o n r i

a t

e a e i r l n s t

n I o , a l

r o t e o n l i i e n i e a t

l

e a e m . d e t l n e o m g a p n a s e O w a

r

n h s l

b e i s v s n w l O e y w o s t n s d l n

, c

s d o s

i

l b s

a c a

m t

p

s l l c

f

a

e , g n i a h

i a s n i o l i a

w b g e

a t n - i t u o r s , m s n n f e o c . t

t i i N

n e

o w r e r t r i n o t

s m r t o e a

r c e t r r d u

o

o u

d e p

a w e i

o d d e o p u o s l n f l

g a t u p w f r s s u l o b a o

r c e s n s i

m d

e

r t e o S , l n b s s k t a c m s r a

i r o s

s a

i

a o x t

i

t e u o

e s k y e i s

r i

n w p t t t s a h n t e o n p n i k n

d

l u

e h a i o t h o l g a n s c l n e

n

o d e

a e t s r W t e t d l i a a n e g t r t

g , h s

. s , i l h y s t i o

t t o

t f

r

, e o

. r e r b s e s l h f

m o

s w

e o e e r d

n s r r T

u n e s a e e s f e n l s

s o h

i t e w s o o I n

t c s a s o a

e n

e e o

e a w r T a

n d n i i o a s m i y t n t d l d v e s r h t e e H e

o s h n . e t

s l O p M M r p T K l P K a n t I m l 1 W e W , i n i e h

h a r 5 l m m a o o a

e e s

o a s e h h e r 0 r o s r k d o T t v t b b i

k u t s i i u t o 0 n m w r f e t t t

a h e e e , n i i o

u o e e e

r c c m t

s H e r r p a w R t s u n b b t f p i t

a r h

o

s p h

a p p e e n a a a i W i h i n i o n n n n t e d i i t n y r r d

i e

n n E s n e e k k r

l s g i e

a

s

A e l t e e P n

r

a s

r r . e d x t c o g p

s s

s

l a l

s R h t

t s o l o c a b

A

e i o

a n h e u t h a n a f i r e v e n l f n h n n g e a p r n a n e b e r

e i d e

s t r e t

v t

d e r n S t r

g h

g l

a

, l e d n i r i o o a a I

o a r n e r m . n t w

i o l c

r o o p r b a

f P

l t . t i t R r t b y f

w w h ; r

d e e h I t h e

t e o

e n i h e r i h g h

E s e t e r c e r c p u

n o

e s r e r

t k l a a r s p o . D p

n i b w h

B u e t o

y f C s n t o r

w W i r

a a e o

a

a l p t v n e m e e i h a t r v

o l u t n i s e v

h

e h n s k i c n I

i o t w

n g g . e

s d s e i o 2 f

k h c E o s t p e d

h r r e h 0 r

i e e t w , f o b e a i

t s e

0 i

n b

n t h m l S

l d t e s r h 0 e o h e a e h q e a s e f e

r a e r

u i r k r f i n s r s e r r i

r o

a r t m e n h l d e

m c y

g o

i c d r n a i d z e n z s e

l

n r y s e

t s b a i

l a l e c

n h i a n d r

t s

t h

a h d e l e s i m g o .

THREATS p T W n h s e I w p p c l t n m a w t M a l M A c d d A l S s T l n s a t c A a R r o A e f e h n i a o i h r o a e o h t a t o m o o h a l t e h n n f c e e i r o u i a o n e l n l l m r a t f h c h e s f a t n d t o e o o b l l b h c o u a r n e m g e e a e t d d o e e e

t r c

e e a s k n o b . l i i i h

u o g e t d

u u e i d e i d s r y n o

d v t c e

s k c r c e r

s c c m n t

r h d t c e p C r . o W r e r y l u e a r e r f e r u

i o h n n e

e e t - l y t k

s , l h i

e l a g u e 1 t i a

t e a r s e s m e e b s

p e T i y s n

s n a t n

l

t c

u

t t t r s a a v s

m e l t a o , . t l M

t

r p 9 ”

l . t r

d t h a a h p

a r i

i

t

d

u e e g a e e e e a

. w t o

g e o b r i n n e r r i o a f t r T

i 0

r

i i M s e

r

e e a i

e m k a n c e

l e t n m l i t n n s h

y b o I l n s a n

t e g n k

p h d t w r m n h e a v e

r 0 s y t w

o c ’ h s d r m D e

h e i e

e n s u r u e

e o o

d u e o e n e u s r o s

l

t f i p p o s i t p

l a e a

e s s

t r n u a a i a e

e g , i o r n o t p

f r d s h

r n

t r g o c o n b u t e

i i o v n o

g d y i

i t o e k f

n e n n n e s e s e m t s h n e e r r t g i s i a

e h u s e

v e f l

r t s

n f o n e

e

e l i m p a o m

i n

g u a

f p e t e e o e d

p b m i l

e y F w i r

s

r t r t b r n

l o

.

s n g

w

e i r w s e d r e g e

t

i y r e c s t c i

m o

t n e r t o ( r T a m a e u n b b t i e i o e e g a a f

o i g

4 e

h c h s a o

e t r d

e a r a c l f h t

m w a t h

p y s f

l i a e e e e m e d e l r s

i f

a s r r d

0

w a i e m t t o i s l i e

e o u t f

E t

n m i

t o a i

e l e a l c d

e e s a b i s b s k t , g h r t e y n w s

a u - t , n h n a s t h r l u

i a ;

k

y e

h s n f

u n e t t

r e 7 s h e t e

r w

a

n e a i t e s

c s o c n l i g e s

l l c a

s

e r t e b

a h w i b i a g k o r n s r

e e

0 e u s e e s n n r i n e ,

o t o s e i h

w d e c e a

s n e t r

r

g t a u r i m p a e

e n w t u y r , i

s , d c d t h f e d b

b f a p e o

i o

e b n

s y

v

r t i r

b n c s c s e e e i

s i n e y s f a C t

s

i c .

a u k l o s

e i . h e

k

w u e l

e u h t o a c l b s s n t r

w i c o a i i

e

n e r d a o

h w

m r

f e n . I a

t p e

r M e a t t t o p n b e b i h p

l r t a r a

a

k a i s h u a

t n a e e o b f e e a b h r c e t T

t

a

k e s d n i t t e i l n e p

r t p

n s p w s l f i n e t o r s m

s d r a e a s r r u a i N a

h a i a

t n k o e u o e

u e e s ) l d b t e e

d r r

d a d a

n r e g i

n p

t . b r n r o f

f e

a e e t

s n o d o g e t

n e u t c

a

l k h c n

a k e a f g u

b t o s o

p t

e u o t B l r r

s b d s f l l e

e s t h t r e t i t k g i g t i

i n

a e r f e h e i d e

a r e s

s r s

t ’ r e m r b t e t s

r t m - a a

d u l t r p d i s t e s

y a u t y

o t l o e i e h h d a e l , a h r

b s

n e

r d w c a o o a n m r

i h e

l

s a

i k

f l , e m

s s b i d b u m h n b . i

k m n r r t p r t a

c o f t d l t

r n

m d m

A l n . r

e e d p i i

r s

i i e e m i o a

u l

t a c e A o

n u d e a n n e i n r s n e m o i b

o o a

L n a c a a i i m s d h e r i v a r b l m c n

u i u . n n

d n s i n g t s

n c i a d n o n e

o r i t h k t

e m e e s t m t e t

n

e b n c p e

o s p T d e i l

u

d e

e r

t r i h h u i d m

i

u t

g

t u

t

a r A u n a s o n d r e g f o

s w w h i s l r c w f i h

u c r e r o b

n e e o c p

c n

n e i d e l l f e a m s

e a f i r a n g

e l n

p u l l e p i r u e c c w i e

e s b i o e c o e i e m

s e

c c i e t g r i r r

l

n

m t d

. n

p h a n m e r i

a e l a s d t t a l s

r t b r c

t e d

w f h u

b n a y c e r i r i a d r h t f e

e o l B i t e o f b

i

r

g o m i t l t

e r l o . o b

l n e p

h i l o n e e t n t b e e l e o h n i y i i v

s e d

i c n d t w d l

i

e

r h h n n o m n e s i n t e t l e . e i l

c e a r

e a

e

p a r e e

d s r , n t o

r

i p k h t r p p o c

a r t t n

t s l r g

t

s s s

s t o b T r ’ t t

t

l e s r h g h u e a f

s o l g h e e a u

l o

a

p n i a r f t

p e

e

o y s s t o

e u e h p n n u n a

e s a a i e a c t r i

e s c

m

t r e

n p

p p t t r

r n

i

n e v l p o e

i C t e r s i o t i h o c a f a n e r e n s

c t e i o i i r

n r p i n n d s e u n m o r i v r

f e w

g n

r s

r

u e w a

e h n v c

, n e t m e d a y s u s a e l w

d u r

n i s e

o y b

r r

n

o

c n e t n

b s y e o e a i

a

c n r h e t

r e u c e s r c f t i v e o f s

n u h w l a e i a t . j a p n l a h s e e r i g o h r s

f n s n i r t u e n e a a t c

i

a r t a s v c o f s t e m e

e t i o i i s g e o r

U e - e a e g e o

o r t s g h d n

y f d d n n e p e t e e r

r l u m i s

t

b r r o a

e m

o c

e r

a i n y

e

s a n n s d s e i

i m l b t e a r . g s

b r

r a i a o m s

o t n e r r h d i u

s n “ w D

o r h e d t

f l

s f g . m d . d

i e e y e n a r

n a

f l n f t

e f

e t i o g

i

l , s g a

t e s A e u a u a o e h a n o i

b

r e n

c r e i

d f d r d

o c e n n

b m p t r a S i d r s l

h t k t n i c i o t e o a s r n

s a i c a l e h o t v a n e

h r h g t e t e t a e a

e i

. i e t e b a d h n r t

F e s o t a a a h t t a f d a s e t e e . t s a c t d k h a s d o

t i n i e e - . c T t n r h e o . t t d r d d t k o c e e a d k s - a s n d e n m l , e s k r c . t e n s b

. k a . c k T l a t t b i t L t r i h h m h n m e h h i y e e m e d l e e

p b e

t

t b b o r a e s h r c r u a e e p o s r r e e t s

r g e r r n e

p a k

t e n

e e p .

t i n

a u i n n a h s i A n t d n

t e e n e , o s f c s

e r

d

e

i r p

t s a t

t i a c

h s e h

e n t p t i c e r i e n e s t s h o k o e o d

l e n n w i d u n o

. n r t

o s g a . e h o f h

t t h e m a W i f e

u t

a c r

t e l

r e t h p s i d h a b i m

i h o i e a c l l a e l e l b r n

l y r o s n s i e

k t

. o e g e t i r

c o m

a r e

c a p o n d a

l i w o d l

c n e f f h e s o s e ,

r a d s