Turbinicarpus Alonsoi, Biznaguita

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T40972A2948392

Turbinicarpus alonsoi, Biznaguita

Assessment by: Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. 2013. Turbinicarpus alonsoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T40972A2948392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae

Taxon Name: Turbinicarpus alonsoi Glass & S.Arias

Common Name(s): • Spanish: Biznaguita Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK.

Taxonomic Notes: Accepted as a valid species by Anderson (2001) and Hunt (1999) Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered B1ab(v)+2ab(v) ver 3.1

Year Published: 2013

Date Assessed: November 19, 2009

Justification: Turbinicarpus alonsoi is considered to be Critically Endangered due to its occurrence in a single location with an area of less than 10 km², and because it is continuing to rapidly decline as a result of illegal collecting.

Previously Published Red List Assessments 2002 – Critically Endangered (CR)

Geographic Range

Range Description: This species is endemic to Guanajuato, Mexico. It grows in a single location of less than 10 km² near Xichú, at about 1,900 m asl.

Country Occurrence: Native: Mexico (Guanajuato)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Population The current estimated population size is less than 5,000 individuals. Current Population Trend: Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) This cactus grows in semi-desert scrub on steep rocky calcareous slopes.

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information) The species is used as an ornamental, for which it is illegally collected in the wild.

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) These plants are threatened by illegal collecting. The habitat has become widely known to collectors. Since its discovery, the population has been reduced by more than 50%.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) This cactus does not occur in any protected area. It is listed on CITES Appendix I, but the laws governing imports in the countries of destination need to be enforced. This species is currently propagated in Europe from illegally collected plants. The Cadereyta Regional Botanic Gardens has developed a universal technique to reproduce species of the genus Turbinicarpus (including Gymnocactus), with a rate of 5x/4 weeks and 95% soil adaptation success (E. Sánchez pers. comm. 2011). Credits

Assessor(s): Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J.

Reviewer(s): Superina, M. & Goettsch, B.K.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Bibliography Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland.

Hunt, D. 1999. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and International Organization for Succulent Plant Study (IOS).

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013).

Citation Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. 2013. Turbinicarpus alonsoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T40972A2948392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en

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Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes

0. Root -> 6. Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) Resident Suitable -

Use and Trade (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

End Use Local National International Pets/display animals, horticulture Yes Yes No

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 5. Biological resource use -> 5.2. Gathering terrestrial Ongoing Majority (50- Rapid declines Medium plants -> 5.2.1. Intentional use (species is the target) 90%) impact: 7

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Occur in at least one PA: No

In-Place Education

Included in international legislation: Yes

Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes

Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions Needed 5. Law & policy -> 5.4. Compliance and enforcement -> 5.4.1. International level

Distribution Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 9

Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 9

Number of Locations: 1

Lower elevation limit (m): 1900

Upper elevation limit (m): 1900

Population Number of mature individuals: 4999

Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes

All individuals in one subpopulation: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T40972A2948392

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