The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T40972A2948392 Turbinicarpus alonsoi, Biznaguita Assessment by: Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. 2013. Turbinicarpus alonsoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T40972A2948392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae Taxon Name: Turbinicarpus alonsoi Glass & S.Arias Common Name(s): • Spanish: Biznaguita Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK. Taxonomic Notes: Accepted as a valid species by Anderson (2001) and Hunt (1999) Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered B1ab(v)+2ab(v) ver 3.1 Year Published: 2013 Date Assessed: November 19, 2009 Justification: Turbinicarpus alonsoi is considered to be Critically Endangered due to its occurrence in a single location with an area of less than 10 km², and because it is continuing to rapidly decline as a result of illegal collecting. Previously Published Red List Assessments 2002 – Critically Endangered (CR) Geographic Range Range Description: This species is endemic to Guanajuato, Mexico. It grows in a single location of less than 10 km² near Xichú, at about 1,900 m asl. Country Occurrence: Native: Mexico (Guanajuato) © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Population The current estimated population size is less than 5,000 individuals. Current Population Trend: Decreasing Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) This cactus grows in semi-desert scrub on steep rocky calcareous slopes. Systems: Terrestrial Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information) The species is used as an ornamental, for which it is illegally collected in the wild. Threats (see Appendix for additional information) These plants are threatened by illegal collecting. The habitat has become widely known to collectors. Since its discovery, the population has been reduced by more than 50%. Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) This cactus does not occur in any protected area. It is listed on CITES Appendix I, but the laws governing imports in the countries of destination need to be enforced. This species is currently propagated in Europe from illegally collected plants. The Cadereyta Regional Botanic Gardens has developed a universal technique to reproduce species of the genus Turbinicarpus (including Gymnocactus), with a rate of 5x/4 weeks and 95% soil adaptation success (E. Sánchez pers. comm. 2011). Credits Assessor(s): Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. Reviewer(s): Superina, M. & Goettsch, B.K. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Bibliography Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland. Hunt, D. 1999. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and International Organization for Succulent Plant Study (IOS). IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013). Citation Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sánchez , E., Fitz Maurice, B & Guadalupe Martínez, J. 2013. Turbinicarpus alonsoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T40972A2948392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use. External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Appendix Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes 0. Root -> 6. Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) Resident Suitable - Use and Trade (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) End Use Local National International Pets/display animals, horticulture Yes Yes No Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 5. Biological resource use -> 5.2. Gathering terrestrial Ongoing Majority (50- Rapid declines Medium plants -> 5.2.1. Intentional use (species is the target) 90%) impact: 7 Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management Occur in at least one PA: No In-Place Education Included in international legislation: Yes Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions Needed 5. Law & policy -> 5.4. Compliance and enforcement -> 5.4.1. International level © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en Additional Data Fields Distribution Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 9 Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 9 Number of Locations: 1 Lower elevation limit (m): 1900 Upper elevation limit (m): 1900 Population Number of mature individuals: 4999 Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes All individuals in one subpopulation: Yes © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T40972A2948392 The IUCN Red List Partnership The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Turbinicarpus alonsoi – published in 2013. 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T40972A2948392.en.