Dec. 1964. Price 11- Easier Feeding
--- - 4// { '(; '{ ~~--- CARLO VI A ~A JOURNAL OF THE OLD CARLOW SOCIETY
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I J NO ONE KNOWS BEITER THAN OLD CARLOVIANS THAT W. & G. Hadden, Ltd., have carried on the family business for over one hundred years and that the Carlow Branch was purchased from Mr. Adam Ford in 1909. Mr. Ford's pre decessor was Mr. Luttrell, in partnership with Mr. Burgess of Athlone, and Mr. Luttrell's predecessor was Mr. Henry Banks (a grand uncle of Mr. W. H. Hadden and at· one time Chairman ··· ol Carlow Town Commissioners) who owned the main part of the present business in the middle of the 19th century. HADDENS W. & G. HAODEN LTD. CARLOW ffi111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~
~11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111115 = = Michael McDonnell I FOR ALL YOUR I Carlow i FOOTWEAR i ~ ~ Purvey What we are doing Contentj THE Old Carlow Society has completed its eighteenth CARLOW POET OR RHYMER season. Indoor meetings continue to attract a large number of members, and their friends. IN THE CRIMEA Our Annual and Summer Afternoon Outings are an :!< outstanding success. The enjoyment of these outings is NEWS ROUND-UP 1964 enhanced by excellent organisation. * ORDNANCE SURVEY As a society we have worked together in a friendly, sociable spirit, with everyone active in promoting the * common good. A community is as lively and vigorous as A GIANT TREE the people who compose it. * SUFFRAGETTES IN Activity is the proof of enterprise and we have no CARLOW lack of either in the society since its foundation. * RAMBLES IN LAOIS The society is a living body fulfilling a need in the town and district and making a successful appeal to all * our members. DUBLIN STREET * The years have a way of passing by and we want PRE-CHRISTIAN to collect and set down in the pages of Carloviania all DWELLINGS the data we can before it is lost to us forever. * THE SECRETARY There are few amongst us who cannot recall hearing REPORTS tales which were told even in our own locality. No matter * how short the story is, it may be a worthwhile contribution SUMMER OUTINGS to the pages of our journal. SEVEN r Ir I I r I l 1 The Groppies' Grave showing the Memorial Cross and beside it the tablet erected by Rowan McCoombe. ~ Photo: Godfrey ~ ffilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!ll~ EIGHT Carlow Poet or Rhymer PATRICK PURCELL SOMEWHERE about the middle or third well brought out as regards letterpress and quarter of the nineteenth century there binding, and the author and publisher is justi flourished in Carlow, a poet, or perhaps, it fied in claiming credit for its production in his would be more correct to say a rhymer, Rowan own printing office in Carlow-Graigue. McCombe by name. He cannot be termed an altogether forgotten bard, for he is still held "CROPPY HOLE" in remembrance by the fast dwindling genera That McCombe had more than one side to tion amongst which he moved and had his his character is proved by the fact that at being. He filled the position of local manager, his own expense he erected a tablet at "Croppy or agent, for the Barrow Navigation Company, Hole" to the memory of the 640 insurgents and if one can judge from the tone of some of '98, who were slaughtered in their unsuccess of his lyrics, he was a staunch Tory, a firm ful attack on Carlow, and were thrown into upholder of British Rule or fervent loyalist, unhallowed p!ts dug for the reception of the and an ardent admirer of her Majesty Queen bodies. This reads as follows : - Victoria. Some of his emanations touching on "ERECTED BY ROWAN McCOMBE local events are distinctly humorous, and must Superintendent of The Barrow Navigation have caused much amusement amongst his con Company and Town Councillor of Carlow temporaries. In the 'seventies he published a to the six hundred and forty men who gave little volume of poems. The book was extremely their lives in Tullow Street on 26th May 1798 and whose remains lie beneath this mound, sleeping the sleep that knows no waking. Who fears to speak of Ninety Eight" This kindly act has caused him to be held in grateful remembrance and there- is no doubt that it led to the movement for the decent enclosure of the ground where rest the men who took arms and sacrificed their lives in an effort to win liberty for their native land. We propose to give a few of McCombe's pieces. The first deals with an episode at a meeting of the Carlow Town Commission. It is prefaced by a passage evidently culled from a report in one of the local papers. It is headed: - CARLOW TOWN COMMISSION SCENE "An adjourned meeting of Carlow Town Commission was held on Thursday evening. present: Messrs Mathias Tynan (chairman); Edward Clarke, Matthew Byrne, James Bolger, Patrick Bolger, Benjamin Coleman, Edward Tracey, Michael McDonald, Michael Murphy, James Graham and Rowan McCombe. A FRIEND IN COURT "William Vass presented in person a bill for £9 odd, for lighting and caring the street (paraffin) lamps, and urgently demanded pay ment. NINE Chairman: Unfortunately we cannot pay Rowan McCombe's version of the proceed anything until Mr. Palmer is paid. ings was as follows: - Vass: Until what? MINUTES OF THE MEETING Mr. McCombe: We pay Mr. Palmer of the bank. The Pump-borer came like a wolf on the fold, Chairman: We must pay the National Bank His eyes gleaming fiercely for notes or for gold, He sought not for favours, he asked but his own; first. Appealing oft to them-but cash there was none. Vass: Can't you renew the bill and pay the amount? How do you think I could work Enraged like a Sampson he bolted the door And wildly he menaced, and fiercely he swore. the whole winter and not be paid? I'll just The roar of the lion was ne'er heard so high, walk away, but you know I've a friend and Whilst the fire of a VuiJcan shot forth from his eye. he's the barrister. (laughter) I Mr. McCombe: T'ell me, Vass, does he wear The Lamp-lighter entered, dishevelled and b!Jack, I a wig? (renewed laughter in which Vass joined His hair streaming wildly, bent on the same task He strove with the poker to open the door, I heartily) But found himself soon making fove to the floor. ' Vass: Gentlemen, before I go do youse all say without giving me any more trouble that The pumpsborer flew at this glimmering light in a week or a fortnight you'll g~ve me a small ! hope I shaiH ne'er again see such a sight; Imagine a cat in the grasp of a bear amount? And you have an idea of what occur'd there. Several Commissioners: Certainly. I Vass: Well, then, no law for me. To h- And ,low lay the Lighter, with nostril all wide, with the la,w. (laughter) The poker and tongs were the broad-sword he plied; Mr. J. Bolger: You will be the first that The Chairman grew paile, the reporters took flight, And all the Commissioners fled with the fright. will be looked to. The angels recording escaped through the roof, I And fleet as a thunderbo1t issued their "proof" I A SCENE The "Sentinel" shook at the tramp of the host, While the cold sweat of death struck the gods on ~ the "Post". "At this stage of the proceedings and as I the Board was about to adjourn, Mr. Duggan, And the "poiis" of Carlow were true to their post, pump contractor, who had made an unsuccessful And the Watchman was glorious and talked far the most; demand for payment of his account on the And the Nuisance Inspector, with Herculean f previous board day, entered the room and made strength, an urgent appeal for a settlement. Having failed Cleared out the Town HaJ:l of officials at length. however to entreat any money from the Board And the windows and sashes did quiver and quaH, he became very excited, and having locked As an old cracked piano rang out "GranuaNe"; the door of the board-room, he resolutely re And the whole Town Commission dissoiv'd like a fused to give up the key until paid his account. drum, The scene, which followed baffles all attempts And the minutes were tombed by the 'lamp's feeble gleam. at description. After considerable parleying and several rather serious encounters in which HERE IS ANOTHER PIECE IN A "fire irons" were rather freely used and the DIFFERENT STRAIN unfortunate Vass, who attempted to pick the lock, was rather roughly handled, the door THE BARROW AND THE NORE was ultimately burst in by the Nuisance Inspec O! Erin, my darling, tho' ta1'1 folks may dine, tor, and others attracted to the place by the On Switzel"land's heights and the banks of the Rhein Thank goodness we've pastime and pleasure galore, strange, and noisy proceedings inside. This By the dear winding Barrow and broad swelling exciting scene was prolonged for some time, Nore. when the meeting broke up in disorder, and Acushla machree, just venture and see fortunately before any severe injuries were sus These beauti'es that nature intended for thee. tained by any of the actors in the melee. At One day in a Hfe-time, to shake off du:Jl care, one time the affray appeared to be assuming And see 'the ould country, so charming and fair, such formidable proportions that the presence Is only what nature dictates arl should claim Then see Erin's beauties-if not, you're to blame. of the police was considered advisable but their Acushla machree, just venture and see services were not called into requisition. These beauties that nature intended for thee. TEN To view noble Brandon, with pea!k to the sky, Is now on his march to the Hustings, hurrah! Blackstair, and Mount Leinster, and Borris hard by; Come out, Jet us meet him, like Irishmen greet him, And the ivy-dad waHs of St. Mullins so green Our Chieftain McDonaild, the pride of Cloghna. Where the kings of the past lie in slumber between. Acushla machree, nor Shannon nor Lee You al,l must remember how soon comes November, Blackwater, nor Liffey, are nothing to thee. And each man that day must appear in the field, Be mindful of Traitors, and base Agitators, Sweet vale of Clashganny, where murmuring sweeps Be daring as Mars, bearing onward your shield The wild mountain river down rapids and steeps: That shield shall be borne in triumph that mom Still wending its course o'er the Scars to the sea, O'er Ossory's p1ain, in the teeth of their law; With the Nore and the Barrow in wild juMlee. The man of our choice we''M elect with one voice, Acushla machree, roI! on to tbe sea, McDonald, our Chieftain, the pride of Cloghna. Thy murmuring sounds Iike some soft lullaby. O! shades of Bahanna, the perfumes exhale, Come out from the fens, from the mountains And sweet Graignamanagh and fair Brandondai!e, and glens, Show once and forever how perfect the bore Be firm and fear not, for right's on our side; Of wasting one's time on the rocks of Tramore. If foemen should raliy again at S'tradbaNy, Acushila machree, by land or by sea, Let one faugh-a-ballagh strike fear, far and wide; There's no spot in Erin can equal to thee. From that to MountmeHick, surprise every hillock, I The Heath, Dunamase, strike home terror and awe, The time-honoured tailes and legends of yore, The day shall be ours, if bal1ls come in showers, That oling to thy beautiful ruins, asthore, We'H vote for McDonald the pride of Cloghna. Shan never from memory's vision depart; Then drink to o'1d Erin, with full flowing heart. The proud autocrat with his lands extending, AcusMa machree, a bumper to thee, Dear Erin, dear Erin, a bumper to thee. For mi1les o'er the plains may oppose us again; He'll put on the chain if he finds you but bending, lI For the sake of the past, coU'ld each fair one renege, But woe, to the coward who 1lets it remain; But kiss the stone cross of fair Innistague? The man of our choice is the son of old Erin, 1 They've charms like the "Blarney", a good reason why The friend of our 1childhood, then who should I They were kissed by the lady of bould Colonel T-. withdraw? I Acushla machree, none fairer than she, But ralily around him, and foemen astound them I Then kiss the stone cross, ilike fair Lady T. With cheers for McDonald, the pride of Cooghna. All hail with high welcome the fair coming day, Come down from KHleshin, ye sons of oppression, When Hght hearts can mingle with al'l that is gay; The heel of the monster has crushed you too Jong; When the hum of contentment, the toast and the song Come down from Clogrennan, and high hiils of Shall ring through the air as we gaHy steer on. Doonane, Acushla machree, if pleasures there be, Ye sons of Old Leighlin come join in the throng; A cruise on the Barrow's the pleasure for me. Your ground's BaHickmoyler, no artfU'l beguiler Must lure from the path, but move onward, hurrah! AND THIS IS A STIRRING ELECTION Your numbers increasing, your efforts unceasing BALLAD And cheers for McDonald, the pride of Cloghna. (Air: 'O'DonneJ,J Abu!") The day shall be won by McDonald and Dunne, Fitzpatrick and Digby must march to the rear The hour's at hand when the bold sons of Erin, The one "agitator", the other a creature No longer shal'l cower in silence as sfaves Sent here by the "Ohurch" to bamboozle and 'snare; The hour has come when our kith and our kinsmen The man of our choice we'll elect with one voice. No longer shail list to those time-serving knaves, Hurrah for McDonald, the pride of Ologhna. Then up boys, be doing-the Chief who shall lead you OLD PHOTOGRAPHS The Editors would be interested to hear from anyone who has old photographs of Carlow and District, no matter how faded or uninteresting these may appear to be. Such photographs sometimes print surprisingly wem and may be invaluable when used as i']l]ustrations for some article we are considering for the Joumat ELEVEN r I f i Mother M. Catherine McAuley Foundress, Sisters of Mercy Photo: C 'fWELVE MEMORIES OF A CARLOW SISTER OF MERCY IN THE CRIMEA MARY TERESA KELLY TO better understand why two sisters from dates in the month of . October he described St. Leo's, Garlow, should find themselves the sufferings of the sick and wounded. There in the far away Crimea, nursing and caring were no surgeons, no nurses, no dressers, no for the wounded and dying soldiers, we must lints and bandages. The military authorities first take a look at events in European History hated Russell and his paper and chose to in the year 1854. ignore it. England and France declared war on Russia in March, 1854; but hostilities did not open in WAR OFFICE OUTRAGED the Crimea. The Russians were attacking the The British people were furious that the Turks in Sillisia in Rumania; then belonging French had made arrangements for the '.French to Turkey. The British Army was sent to assist Sisters of Charity to look after their soldiers. the Turks. A base was set up at Scutari; a The British War Office was outraged, but they large village on the shores of the Bosphorus. could not muzzle the press. The chief objective of the Allied forces was These are the events that lead to a letter the destruction of the Russian Naval Base at arriving at St. Leo's Convent of Mercy, Carlow Sebastapol. When the British Army landed in from Sr. Vincent (Whitty), Mother House, the Crimea in September, 1854, there were not Baggot St., one· morning in November, 1854. enough transport ships to bring the Allied Rev. Mother read the letter to the Sisters Forces and its equipment across the Black Sea. assembled in the Community Room for Morning I Only twenty-one wagons were brought for Lecture. The contents of the letter was a ! 30,000 men. Tents, cooking equipment, hospital demand from the Government War Office for requirements and medical chests had to be Sisters to nurse in the Crimea. Enclosed with left behind. this letter were copies of two others, one a On September 14th, 1854 the Army dis request from Mother Vincent (Whitty) to embarked at Calamity Bay. A week later the Monsignor Yore for permission for the Sisters to British and French won the Battle of Alma, nurse in the East. The second was from Dr. Yore but the wounded soldiers paid the price of the to the Secretary of War granting permission to abandonment of all hospital equipment; the the Sisters to offer their services. Dr. Yore wounded had to be got back to the base at stipulated that they (the sisters) be conveyed Scutari across the Black Sea. The General to the scene of their labours and maintained Hospital there was full of Cholera cases; so there, that they be accompanied by a chaplain Dr. Menzies the Senior Medical Officer was who should remain during their stay, and re ordered to take over and convert the Artillery turn with them, receiving the usual appoint Barracks into a hospital, an impossible task. ments of a Chaplain. There were only ten doctors for the 2,500 When the letters were read, each sister wounded in Scutani; there was no equipment, who wished to volunteer for service in the East beds, lint, bandages, dressers, no water nor was asked to put her name in a box left on drinking vessels. These horrors the British the table. people would never have heard of but for Out of all those who put their names down William Howard Russell, the first War Corres only two could be spared. Sr. M. Aloysius (from pondent of "The Times" with the British Army. whose memoirs this paper has been com Russell was an Irishman and in the piled and Sr. M. Stanislaus; both were young dispatches he sent to "The Times" on different and healthy and well accustomed to nursing THIRTEEN r the sick and poor as they had done during the passed on their voyage; the Straits of Boni cholera outbreak in the Famine. The next step facio and the Straits of Messina. They anchored was to get the Bishop's (Most Rev. Francis at Messina for a while. Haly) permission. He was kindhearted, but he Next day after leaving Messina a dread did not easily give his consent. ful storm arose accompanied by thunder and He paced up and down the Reception Room lightening and rain. The Sisters were terrified saying "Out among the soldiers-perhaps on but Rev. Mother chided them and told them the Battlefield too, I know they go out among that their Heavenly Father did not take them the sick poor of the town, but this is quite a from their Convent Home to leave them at the different thing." However after some time he bottom of the Mediterranean, that he had work gave his permission. Then preparations were for them to do. The day after the storm the completed for the time when the order arrived captain put into Navarino for shelter and repairs. from Baggot St., to start out. There was good weather for the remainder of the voyage. They entered the Dardanelles and cast anchor at a little town called Gallipoli ROUGH PASSAGE where the English troops first landed; and finally reached Constantinople. A telegram arrived with instructions to The beautiful city of Constantinople was leave by the first train. Dr. Dunne, President a delight after the long sea journey. The of Carlow College celebrated an early Mass, and Marble Palaces and Mosques reflected in the accompanied the Sisters on their journey. They waters of Bosphorus were a veritable garden were received by Mother Vincent and the other of Eden. The party of nuns and nurses waited Sisters who had been busily packing supplies for on board for word to proceed to Scutari, but them - soap, starch, smoothing irons and a no word came. At last a curt message arrived medicine chest. The following morning the little for the Sisters "Not wanted at Scutari". The band led by Rev. Mother Francis Bridgeman, War Office had made a mistake in sending out left Kingstown at 7 a.m. in the morning for the party. There was no room for them. London. Sr. Aloysius recounts that they had a very r-0ugh passage and were very ill. They were met in London by Mr. Lucas, editor of ESCORTED ASHORE "The Tablet", a relative of Mother Vincent. Sr. Aloysius and Sr. Stanislaus were housed at Rev. Mother Francis (Bridgeman) leader the Convent of Mercy, Chelsea. of the party of nuns; who was always calm Despite the stipulations of Dr. Yore there in the midst of difficulties wrote to the Sisters was a difficulty in getting a chaplain. Finally of Charity at Galata asking hospitality for her Fr. Ronan, S.J., was named. Dr. Manning Sisters for a short time until she could make (afterwards Cardinal) came to say good-bye and other arrangements. Miss Stanley applied to give the Sisters his blessing. the British Embassy for her party. Two Sisters On the morning of 2nd December, 1854, of Charity came over in a boat to the ship the Sisters arrived at London Bridge Station took charge of their luggage and escorted them to meet the Ladies and paid nurses of the party. ashore and brought them to their convent where They all wore the same outfit which appeared their Rev. Mother welcomed her fifteen guests. to be contract work; and all the same size; It was Christmas Eve, 1854 and the Irish so that the ladies who were, tall had short dresses and English Sisters of Mercy spent their first and the small ladies had Jong dresses ; these Christmas in the East. Christmas over they consisted of grey tweed wrappers, worsted awaited news from Headquarters. Rev. Mother jackets, white caps and short woollen cloaks, was in correspondence with the Authorities; and and to conclude, a frightful scarf of brown at last a despatch came to say that five sisters Holland embroidered in red with the words were to proceed to Scutari to the General "Scutari Hospital". Hospital; while arrangements were made for Crossing from Portsmouth to Bologne the the other ten Sisters to proceed to a party travelled overland via Paris and Lyons house on the Bosphorus to await further orders. to Marseilles. At Marseilles, the Sisters boarded At once the five sisters started for Scutari, a French boat called "The Egyptus". It was Rev. Mother Francis, Sr. M. Agnes, Elizabeth, filled with cavalry bound for the seat of war. Winefred and Aloysius. Their quarters in Scutari Sr. Aloysius described the various places they was one little room in a not very agreeable FOURTEEN r locality; but they did not complain; they expect had only thin linen suits issued when they left ed to be sent to the Hospital wards at once England in the Summer of 1854 for the Crimea; -but no-Sr. Agnes and Sr. Aloysius were no other clothing to keep out the Crimean sent to a store to sort clothes that had been frost of 1854-55, but in fact there were blankets eaten by the rats. In a dark gloomy shed the enough in store to give a third one to every two nuns did the best they could, but the rats man; but the men lay on the muddy ground with had ruined everything. The English nobility nothing under them nor nothing over them, had emptied their linen stores to send out since their blankets were lost in battle and the bandages. Huge bales of the finest cambric regulations did not entitle them to replace sheets, some came from the Queen's Palace, ments. During November, December and January but the rats had destroyed everything, they 1954-55 when green coffee was being issued were everywhere and the Sisters were terrified to the men, there were 173,000 rations of tea of them. in store at Balaklava; 20,000 lbs of lime juice CHOLERA PLAGUE arrived for the troops in December, 1854 but The cholera plague persisted and the none were issued until February 1855 because wounded soldiers continued to arrive, after no order existed for the inclusion of tea and tossing about on the Black Sea for two or lime juice in the daily ration. In January 1855 three or more days. They were in a dreadful when the Army at Sebastopol was ravaged by state of dirt and were so weak that they had scurvy, a shipload of cabbage was thrown into to be cleaned carefully. Most of them required the harbour at Balaclava on the grounds that spoon-feeding; they were issued with wine, it was not consigned to anyone. Small wonder sago, arrowroot. The wine and the brandy was that there were more soldiers in hospital suffer issued every morning by the doctors and ing from cholera, Thypus 'Fever and frost-bite carried in by the orderlies. The state of the than there were at the "front." frost-bitten patients was even worse. The men In 1855 the Scutari Hospital was given back who came from the "Front" as they called it, Continued in page 39 ST. LEO'S CONVENT OIF MERCY, CARLOW Photo: Courtesy St. Leo's FIFTEEN News Round-Up 1964 MARY SMITH THE harvesting of local news items at the for the programme " Open House," and Lt. end of a year is an interesting exercise General Costello stressed the necessity of in for those with time and inclination. How clearly dustrial investment and development in this the picture of civic progress is drawn when region if the town is to expand into the city we view it in perspective. How exasperating it may very well become. "the law's delays" when we see them impede While the provision of new industries is that forward movement, and (let us admit it) a more complex problem, the improvement of how frustrating the apathy and lack of pride the town itself is a matter which took pre which is often evident. cedence in the minds of Manager, Council and All these facts were highlighted one night Engineers alike during the past year. Already in September when Telefis Eireann visited us some of the first fruits are to be seen, and THE OLD GLOBE INN AT THE CORNER OF BROWNE STREET AS IT IS TO-DAY. SIXTEEN a glimpse afforded of what is to come. is long overdue as it figured on the Council's The Kilkenny-Dublin bypass, while not yet p~ans nearly 100 years ago. a tangible fact has moved somewhat nearer Meanwhile private enterprise is not lagging realisation and the future will provide a new behind, as the many handsome new frontages in housing estate in the area lying between Dublin St., for instance, indicate. The premises Barrack Street and the corner of Granby Row. of the Royal Hotel, the E.S.B. and Messrs Here there will be sites for private building, Corless and Hayes have been modernised in as well as a (xmncil project which will cost such a way as to add beauty and dignity to an estimated £45,270. A new bridge will carry the street. In Tullow St., a large supermarket the road over the Burrin and so to Green replaces the old-established Molloys, and Messrs Lane where already the road is being widened, Suttons new food-market adds much to the 28 houses have been built, and there is pro appearance of Centaur St. In Barrack St. Messrs vision for a green space of playing pitches Goods' new show place for agricultural machin and tennis courts. ery adjoins the cattle mart, and our economic dependence on the farmer is stressed by the PROPOSED HOSPITAL appearance of a smiliar establishment on the Dublin Rd., opposite St. Mary's Cemetery On the Kilkenny Rd., within two or three years Carlow should possess a 3-unit District NEW SWIMMING POOL Hospital, standing next door to a new voluntary Hospital which the Blue Sisters propose to We are not forgetting the recreational and build immediately, on a site given by the Co. cultural side of advancement. The plans for Council. Close by, in the near future will arise a town Swimming pool are complete, and the the regional Technical College which should committee, after magnificent work have handed establish Carlow as an educational centre with over to the Council the large sum collected few provincial equals. The fact that our town for the project, on which it is intended to spend was chosen for this is due undoubtedly to the up to £36,000. The site is still not definitely work of a vigorous and enthusiastic Vocational indicated, but we can be sure of its value and Committee and their C.E.0., Mr. Waldron. appropriateness. It is inevitable that a town "bursting at the seams" as Carlow is must envisage very Most important news is ihe conversion by soon a boundary extension, and the blue-print the St. Vincent de Paul Society of the Old for this is already in the hands of the Council. Fever Hospital into a Youth Club. It was It will entail a certain amount of annexation acquired in May, and much enthusiastic and from Laois, which should round off the present voluntary help has been transforming it both lop-sided growth. This too pin-points the need indoors and outdoors. Carlow boys and girls for a second Barrow bridge which, as a con have been extremely vocal about lack of social structive writer to the Nationalist pointed out, amenities in the town, and we hope that Our Rt. Rev. Msgr. Lennon, Rev. Fr. Baum, His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Keogh, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Conway, Rev. P. J. Brophy. Nartwnalist photo SEVENTEEN r ARTIST'S IMPRESSION OF NEW SWIMMING POOL Nationalist block Lady's Youth Centre will give them something home to Canada from the Vatican Council. In to do with their time and talents. the composition and sympathy of the speakers and audience one experienced a unique and un GOOD WORK parallelled occasion. Carlow's societies have been doing good work too in providing entertainment. In May FLAG AT HALFMAST the Little Theatre group gave us an excellent The tragic death of President Kennedy in production "The Year of the Hiker", so well November brought to Carlow as to every corner supported that they had to play two extra of the earth a pang of loss. While the flag nights. Later in the month Romberg's tuneful on the Court House drooped sadly at halfmast, "New Moon", the Operatic Society's presentation His Lordship, the Bishop, celebrated a Requiem was a dashing and colourful affair, crowded Mass, and business in the town came to a every night. standstill. Some months later the majority of In February the Gramophone Society, under residents in Coal Market decided to rename the auspices of the Arts' Council presented their street in the late President's honour and Dr. Antony Hughes in a piano recital at St. call it Kennedy St. Though the change is not Leo's. It was an unusual and much appreciated yet ratified, the new name is being generally treat. used. Our own Society, the Old Carlow, continued During demolition work in Brown St. in the tenor of its way, with most interesting November a curious inscription came to light and evocative papers read during the winter on an interior wall of a tenement: " Poor session, and enjoyable instructive outings in children of all persuasions educated here". Local the summer. We shall not easily forget our opinion suggests that it may have been a last such, the ascent of Mt. Leinster through Quaker refuge for children. Whatever the truth, a thick blanket of mist without benefit of the buildings have now gone, providing a large ropes, radar or compass. How hospitable and car park near the town centre. dry seemed the Television station however, The sale of McElwee's in May recalls the when we finally reached the summit and watch historical associations of the house and the ed the football semi-final from 2000 ft. up! adjoining premises which in the 18th century Carlow had the honour in December of comprised the Globe Inn. Popular tradition adds hearing the only public address in Ireland of further glamour to the tale by insisting that '.Father Baum, the eminent priest-expert on the James II slept there on his flight from the Movement for Christian Unity, on his way Boyne. EIGHTEEN -~ §lllll!IUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII,§ I I I I i ! ;' i= i' ,.,.. ~ m-. . ~, ~-xm , ·' ~ ~ l'J Church of the Holy Cross, Killeshin, which has recently been renovated. Photo: Godfrey "3 l'J l'Jz m1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111n11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~1111111111111111u111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ Those who remembered visits to the local ing with the new poles of enormous girth and cribs at Christmas were saddened to hear that incredible ugliness which the E.S.B. are erecting the Graiguecullen crib had been destroyed by in Dublin Rd. It is difficult to believe that fire in January. It had a special quality of its anyone with the slightest feeling for decor in own and its loss will be regretted by all. his own home could be satisfied with monstro sities such as these in his streets. THE CATHEDRAL FIRST INDUSTRY The courtyard of the Cathedral is at the moment being repaved. Gone are the old In March, Governey's Boot Factory com granite paving stones, replaced by hexagonal pleted its sixtieth year a' growing. It was one concrete paving blocks. The effect is smooth of the first industries in the town and the and spacious. In this connection one notes the fact that it has still an important place in level sward around St. Mary's Church, where our economy was stressed by the very original head-stones have for the most part been laid window show which Messrs Hadden staged in flat, surrounded by well-kept grass There is a commemoration, when operatives were seen at suggestion that the Old Graves, long a subject work on the production of shoes. In 1904 the of contention and at last taken over by the leather used was imported, but today 80 per U.D.C., might be dealt with in the same way, cent of it is of Irish origin, a considerable providing a more fitting resting place for bishop, amount coming from the Milford Tanneries. II partiot and townsman alike. Other local industries made the headlines There has been much acrimonious comment this year. In May the Eagle Light Engineering I on the despoiling of the trees in the Station Co. was represented at the Hardware Trades' Rd., which formerly provided a picturesque Fair at Olympia and they report a growing vista to the traveller arriving at the station. market abroad. Messrs Thompson of Hanover Some were of necessity bulldozed when school early in the year began to deal with a £30,000 buildings went up, but the drastic lopping of a year contract for Olympic dinghies for a the others has produced ugly caricatures of U.S. firm, and an equally large order for the noble chestnut. 1'hey·,m-e however in keep- Harvesters for the home market. It is good OLD FEVER HOSPITAL, NOW THE YOUTH CENTRE Nationalist photo TWENTY to know that our industries are competing and TOURISM holding their own in an international market. Due to the decentralisation of Bord Failte, SELF-GOVERNMENT Carlow's faith in its power to attract tourists With the coming of independence, small is now pinned on a Regional Board called new nations can have problems of administra SERTO. It has the qualified blessing of our tion. Towards the end of last year, Carlow wal!I Co. Council and ha3 set up a holiday information in a small way, helping Northern Rhodesia bureau in the town. Like all bodies going into constructively when Green J. Musonda spent business nowadays it must present a favourable two months here working with the Town Clerk ima.ge to potential customers, and out of this and studying local government administration. need has come forth a new title for Ireland's Since then his country has attained self South Eastern district-Arcadia. The name was government under the new name of Zambia chosen as the result of a competition in which and we are glad of Carlow's contribution to hundreds of people took part. Unlike the colum its constitution. nist in the Nationalist who recoiled in horror Is there a chance that Carlow may have from the implications of the title, I have no a new industry in the offing? In sterner times great quarrel with it except in so far as it we discovered for ourselves the possibilities has an alien connotation. Perhaps we should of Rossmore clay in the binding of anthracite be more pleased than otherwise to be recom slack for coal "bombs". Now comes the dis mended to potential holiday-makers as "ideally covery that it is suitable for the making of rustic" or "of pastoral simplicity" (vide Oxford pottery and an industrialist has an option on Diet.) There is a great deal more however to 48 acres. The day may come when we shall be said for Carlow than is implicit in our new dispense tea from the same yellow clay, "re regional name. It is a town possessing many moulded nearer to the heart's desire." men and women of vision and enterprise who While in that neighbourhood one must have dedicated themselve3, on councils, com surely comment on the transformation of Kille mittees, societies and Chamber of Commerce to shin Church. It is now a gem set among the the improvement and advancement of its inter peaceful hills, with a redesigned interior of ests, and who give generously of their time great beauty and simplicity. Particularly strik and native genius for this purpose. They come ing is the altar of white marble and polished from every walk of life, and' they are the Carlow limestone, and the altar rails which are leaven of the mass. They have helped to make the gift of a Carlow donor. Much praise is Carlow what it is and what it may eventually due to the priests and people of Killeshin and become. And if our own part is merely the Graiguecullen parish for the generous effort envisaging of that future, it is in the knowledge and unstinted generosity which resulted in this that our town can be only as good as our remarkable renaissance. aspirations for it. ,··1:11:11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,1111111111111111111111,illllllllllliillllllllllllllllllllll COVER PICTURE: Our Cover Picture this year is another study by Donal Godfrey, showing the familiar facade of the Carlow Court House. The gun in the foreground is a memorial to the "distinguished ga11lantry of the natives of this country, both officers and men" who fell in the Crimean War. It is one of the Russian guns from the Crimea and was placed in this "conspicuous position" by unanimous resolution of the Town Commissioners of Carlow in 1858. A WORD OF THANKS The Editors and the Committee of the Old Carlow Society wish to thank all who have contributed in any way to ~his issue of Carloviana. They are particularly indebted to the support of our advertisers, without which it would not be possible to continue the publication of our Journal. TWENTY-ONE John O'Donovan's work on the Ordnance Survey ALICE TRACEY JHE story of John O'Donovan's life is a rebellions had taken place a short time prior remarkable one of genius and patriotism to O'Donovan's arrival in this world, that of blossoming and coming to fruition in the service 1798 and Robert Emmett's illfated rising in of the alien government that held his native 1803. land in subjection. In view of this, the Ordnance Survey of At the time of his birth in 1806 at Atta Ireland, inaugurated in 1834 by the English teemore in Co. Kilkenny almost six centuries Government, under the supervision of the had elapsed since the Norman invaders had Royal Engineers seems paradoxical. first beached their ships on the shelving strand at Baginbun in County Wexford, and although A MAGNIFICENT SCHEME they had long since overrun the country Ireland was still unconquered. This scheme entailed the covering of the whole country, mapping its contours and Many uprisings of rebellion down the years physical aspects, taking note of its historical give ample proof of this. Indeed two of these and ancient monuments, churches and high crosses, as well as its primitive fortifications and the traditions and legends still recounted in the homes of its people. Even the names of townlands and villages originating in the ancient native tongue were probed for their meanings and then translated into English. THE O'DONOVANS OF ROYAL DESCENT John O'Donovan, the fourth son of his parents Edmond Donevan (sic) and Ellenor (sic) Haterlain was baptised on the 26th of July, 1806, in the parish church of Slieverue by the P.P., Father J. Fitzpatrick and the entry duly made in the baptismal register there. Neither his parents nor his sponsors Edmond Wall and Ellenor Neale could have foreseen that the delicate infant would one day be recognised as one whose work would be placed on a parallel with that of Geoffry Keating, who compiled in the 16th century while "on his keeping" in the Glen of Aherlow in Co. Tipperary, a history of Ireland which to the present day is an invaluable source of information for historical research. The O'Donovan's originated in South Cork JOHN O'DONOVAN from whence, one Edmond had migrated as the Courtesy National Library result of a quarrel with O'Sullivan Beare, to TWENTY-TWO Gaulstown, Co. Kilkenny, where lived a distant his teacher's name nor where the school was relative of his Walter de Burgo. situated, but in all probability it was run by This Edmond claimed descent from Eoghan, one of the many "scholars" of the period who son of Oilliol, King of Munster. De Burgo made devoted themselves to the education of pupils his relative welcome and in course of time the for very modest fees. At any rate John newcomer married Walter's daughter Catherine. "graduated" at the age of sixteen and returned This event occurred during the first half of to the family home, to which he was indeed the 17th century and some few years after no stranger, as he had often visited it from the marriage, Oliver Cromwell landed in Dublin Ballarourach and invariably spent all his school with his Roundheads and Ireland was once more holidays there. plunged into bloodshed. An uncle and his family were now still installed in the residence with John's mother CROMWELL IN MUNSTER and when John announced his decision to start a school every encouragement was given to After the massacre in Wexford, Cromwell him to do so. headed towards Munster and both Edmond The sixteen year old boy valiantly took O'Donovan and Walter de Burgo fell fighting up the task of passing on the knowledge he in the battle of Ballinrega under the banners had to boys some of whom were older than of the Duke of Ormonde on the 18th March, himself and easily too they may have been 1643. Needless to say the estates of the fallen more robust as he was spare of build and were confiscated and their families impoverished small of stature and remained so through life. but Edmond's widow remained in the district When fully grown his height was 5' 4". which to this day, numbers many O'Donovan's amongst its inhabitants. During the time the young master was There is no mention of how the father of conducting his school, the lease of William's our subject earned his living but he was farm expired and he did not renew it but certainly landless at the time of John's birth moved to Dublin where he found a post as though his eldest son William had a farm of a shop assistant. forty acres a few miles away, at Ballarourach, Deeply attached as he was to his brother, when his father died in 1817. William in the security of his job and regular This last Edmond took great pride in his wages invited young John to join him in the royal lineage and so apparently did his father city and renew his schooling. There was no before him as John was wont to say in later hesitation about accepting the offer but con years that his grandfather was "proud to mad scientiously John decided that he must give a ness" of the family ancestors, which included full year's tuition to the boys in his school the Kavanaghs as well as the de Burgos and before joining William. the earlier nobility. On his deathbed Edmond gathered his DUBLIN AND THE "LATIN" SCHOOL family around him and repeatedly recited the This term ended in November 1823 and family tree to them with its aristocratic John went to Dublin and was soon enrolled 1 amifications and urged his sons never to in a "Latin" school, presumably one where the forget it. classical language was taught and doubtless the The O'Donovan home had ever been the other usual subjects generally on the curriculum. resort of those who loved Ireland and young This apt pupil already had a knowledge of John drank in the old tales and legends of Latin from his early years having "commenced the countryside from visiting seanachies and as its study at the age of nine, though I was Gaelic was the everyday language, naturally he exceedingly delicate". This information was con absorbed that also. veyed in a letter to Dr. Todd, R.I.A.M. well known for his work in connection with Irish JOHNNY O'DONOVAN, SCHOOLTEACHER history and the preservation of the Irish AT 16 language in the nineteenth century. When his father died his brother William At any rate he was thoroughly proficient took John to live on his farm and attend in 1827 when he got a post in the office of Mr. school in Waterford city four miles distant, Hardiman, who was commissioner of Public where he learnt, arithmetic, English, grammar, Records. (Mr. Hardiman was the author of a Latin and book-keeping. No mention is made of history of Galway.) He remained there for three TWENTY-THREE r,::-- - years until his health became exceedingly bad. 1840/41. (At least one bound volume of the During his term of employment he had copied latter journal is available in the County manuscripts and Peter Connell's Irish Dictionary Library.) He published two historical tales in as well as doing routine office work. Gaelic in 1842, viz: The Banquet of Dun an It was while in this office that he met nGael and the Battle of Magh Rath; The Tribes Lieut., later Captain Larcom of the R.E., to and customs of Hy Many (the O'Kelly country) whom he taught Gaelic. he translated from a 14th century Mss. The Book of Lecan; in 1842 and the following year SICK LEAVE published "The Genealogy of Tribes and Custom He was ordered to rest by his doctor and of Hy Fiachrach from a McFirbio Mss. ; accepted an invitation from a friend in Laois, 1846 saw in print the Irish charters from Mr. Myles John O'Reilly of Heath House, Mary the Book of Kells; an Irish covenant and borough to spend some months with him in ancient Gaelic poem, attributed to St. Columb the country to recuperate. The visit proved cille and Duald McFirbis translation of Irish beneficial and his health responded to the annals 1443/1468. change. Mr. O'Reilly evidently possessed a He had written a Grammar of the Irish respectable library for while resting John trans Language in 1845 for the use of the pupils of lated the Book of Fenagh and some extracts the College of St. Columba in Trinity College. from the Four Masters relating to the O'Reilly's This is recognised as the most interesting besides reading the works of Ussher, Ware and treatise on modern and mediaeval Irish in the Colgan. spoken tongue as it is found in the literature of the last six centuries. A small primer of IRRESISTIBLE LURE the language was written at the same time. While still in Maryboro', he learnt of the death of another Mr. O'Reilly, no relation to his DR. REEVES host, who had held a post in the office of the We are indebted to him for the Martyrology Historical Section of Ordnance in Dublin. of Donegal, which ranks in importance next to He applied for this position and on the the Four Masters. This was edited by Dr. Reeves receipt of a reply he discovered that the officer D.D., Protestant Bishop of Down, another noted in charge of this section was none other than Irish scholar and the translator of Adamnaus his erstwhile pupil from the office of Public Life of Columbcille, lost for centuries and which Records, Captain Larcom, R.E. was eventually found in the 1880's in He was immediately offered the post but Schauffhausen in Switzerland. (Without absolute at a small salary. His friends in Laois were certainty I have an idea that before being averse to his accepting it, as they considered raised to the bishopric Dr. Reeves was Provost the work entailed was so demanding that it of Trinity College). would put a severe strain on his mental faculties and the remuneration was altogether incompat ible for the risk of another breakdown in health. THE 'FOUR MASTERS O'Donovan, after due consideration decided Pride of place must be given to O'Donovans to accept, for strenuous as the work would monumental work of translating the Annals of undoubtedly prove, nevertheless it opened a the Four Masters, the first volume of which gate to a field of Irish history which had was published in 1848 and this was followed hitherto lain fallow and that lure was to John, by six other volumes between then and 1851. irresistible. Messrs Hodges and Smith, Dublin were the publishers and it was printed in Irish type TRANSLATIONS AND ARTICLES designed by George Petrie. Before we launch him on that tide which These volumes since their publication have \ he took at the flood, but which, alas, did not been of the utmost value to research workers, :' lead him on to fortune, as we shall see later, not only in Ireland but in other countries as I would like to recount some of the successful well. work he did for Ireland apart from the For this effort he was awarded an Honor Ordnance Survey. ary Degree of Doctor of Literature by Trinity He wrote articles on Irish topography and College. history in the Dublin Penny Journal during 1832/33 and in the Irish Penny Journal during Continued in page 42 TWENTY-FOUR A Giant Tree A giant tree growing on the farm of Harry 'Fennell, Everton. It is an ash, 22 ft. 9 in. in circumference for 20 ft. up. It is one of 10 trees ordered to be planted on Everton farm by the Vestry of St. Mary's Church, Carlow, who at that time were responsible for re afforestation in the parish, in the year October 1 702, so it is now 262 years old. It was the opinion of the committee of the O.C.S. that some of these old trees should be photographed as nearly all the present-day planting is com posed of Firs, Pines and Conifers. The tendency nowadays is to use all timber before they are fully matured for commercial purposes, so it is extremely doubtful if any will attain a great age. Mr. Harry Fennell, Vice-Chairman 0.C.S., and one of the giant trees on his land. Photos: Godfrey TWENTY-FIVE • Suffragettes Ill Carlow OLIVER SNODDY JT is amazing how so many of the privileges stitution to score debating points off them for of democracy which we so readily take for the Irish Citizen Army: granted were the subject of so much hostility We stand for the people of Ireland, when dedicated people tried to win them for not for half the Nation indicated by us. So with the Chartists-all of whose aims the phrase, "the rights and liberties have been achieved except the apparently im of all Irishmen". The Irish Citizen practicable annual parliament. So too with the Army recognises that the woman is suffragettes. as much a citizen as the man. ( 3) Many of the names we revere in Irish The various suffrage groups were fortunate history were suffragettes-Mrs. Spring Rice, in having an advocate, belonging to none of Mrs. Sheehy Skeffington, Helen Chenevix and the various groupings listed above, in Francis Louie Bennett. But in 1914 opposition to them Sheehy-Skeffington who ran a suffrage weekly ranged from those who would have those who The Irish Citizen on which all had a platform. dared to seek a vote for women to be horse whipped to those so opposed to the aims of CARLOW MEETING these people as to form a National League for It is from this paper we learn of the Opposing Woman's Suffrage. endeavour to launch the suffrage movement in On the other hand the apathy and opposi Carlow. It lists a meeting for the Town Hall, tion bred with the suffragettes internal dis Carlow to be held on Wednesday, 25th March, sensions and disagreements, which resulted in 1914, at 8 p.m. to be addressed by Miss Helen the movement having many different organisa Fraser of the Irish Womens Reform League ( 4) tions striving for the achievement of the same This was a non-militant body, which boasted objective. In Ireland for instance there were having the largest feminist lending library in the Irish Womens Reform League, the Irish Ireland. Miss Fraser was busy at this time Womens Franchise League, the Irishwomens speaking in Rathmines and Wicklow (to a small Suffrage Federation, the Irish Womens Suffrage audience) before her trip to Carlow and in Society, the Church League for Woman Suffrage Kilkenny two days later (5). the Munster Womens 'Franchise League, the Her Carlow meeting is reported as follows: Conservative and Unionist Women's Franchise In Carlow Miss Fraser had a large Association and the Irish Womens Suffrage and audience, consisting of all classes in f Local Government Association. The activities the community. Many had evidently of these organisations ranged from heckling come seeking for so-called "fun" but, M.P.'s to having the Abbey "invaded by as usual, Miss Fraser was able to grip amateurs" to stage Mr. Cruise O'Brien's her audience, and she was given an suffrage play "Candidates". attentive and sympathetic hearing(6). Her meeting however does not seem to The militants, driven by the opposition have been a great success. No branch of the to what they knew to be right, tended to I.R.L. was formed and the 'Nationalist' weigh all things as to whether or not they editorial was on the backwash of the Curragh furthered the cause of woman's suffrage. Because mutiny and the local paper carried neither Judge had been known to oppose suffrage the report nor correspondence about the meeting Irish Volunteers were therefore faulty and -the fate of so many small groups in so many under pressure from them and from The Irish 1 newspapers, much to the annoyance of the Worker, where they got a good press, Eoin historian! I Mac Neill declared 'the Volunteer movement (1) The Irish Citizen, 21 March, 1914. ~ is neither pro-suffrage nor anti-suffrage. (2) (2) Irish Volunteer, 21 February, 1914. (3) The Irish Worker, 11 April, 1914. This of course, hardly pleased one feminist, (4) The Irish Citizen, 21 March, 1914. Sean O'Casey, who used the Volunteer con-. m~~~- Irish Citizen, 4 April, 1914. TWENTY-SIX • Rambles lll Laois MICHAEL DELANEY THE Old Carlow Society held its second outing of the season on Sunday, July 19. The itinerary planned was a visit to the following places: Arles, Ballylehane Castle, Rathaspic, Tecolm, Ballyadams Church and Castle, Strad bally Bridge and the Rock of Dunamase. The weather was beautiful and a goodly number I. travelled by bus and car. They were met at Arles by Michael Delaney r who had a musical reception arranged for them. Mr. Patrick Dempsey played a selection of Irish airs on the fiddle, accordeon and banjo. He also sang a Congo song and wished everyone a very pleasant outing. Michael Delaney addressed the members and said he proposed taking them through a very historic part of the country. Arles was a suitable taking-off ground as it was much frequented by Irish warriors in former times, and at Arles Lord Mountjoy encountered Owny O More's men in what proved to be a disaster for Ireland in 1600. The following is an abridged account of the talks at the various places. ARLES Kilabban was the ancient name of the parish. It receives its present name from the THE PRESENT ARLES CHURCH parish church being placed in modern times at Arles. The earliest place of worship here appears to have been a chapel built in 1686. According established the "Grace Line." He returned to to tradition, it was built by a lady of the Ireland and invited emigrants from Laois, Hartpoles. It was thatched and was built in the Carlow and Kilkenny to travel on his ships to form of a cross. In one arm of the cross was South America where they would get employ the tomb of the Grace family. The Graces were ment. descendants of William Fitzgerald, called Ray The Graces of America now operate an mond Fitzwilliam, who got the name Raymond air line known as Pan AGRA to South America. le Gros from his great size and strength. They One of the family came to Ireland a few got great grants of land in Ossory and were months ago and became interested in Urney sometimes styled Barons of Tullaroan. They Chocolates Ltd. The last member of the Grace came to the Queens County over 200 years family in Laois married a Captain White and ago and settled in the ancie:nt district of the beautiful mansion and property passed to , Shangana, which they styled Gracefield. They J. J. Parkenson, the famous race-horse owner. were a rich and enterprising family and worked The place passed through many hands since a colliery for many years. They also had a and it was lately purchased from an Italian ·~ cotton factory which was later transformed into Countess for £30,500. The family burial place a corn mill. One of them emigrated to South is in Arles, where a massive mausoleum was ' America early in the last century and was so erected on the site of the old church. successful in the shipping business that he There are some extravagent inscriptions on TWENTY-SEVEN the sides of the tomb, the earliest date being foot of the grave of the late Lieut. Col. Ffolliott 1 708 and the last 1796. in Castletown graveyard. Lost for ever are The Bohermore or great road from Carfow twelve ancient carved statues of the Twelve to Stradbally passes by Arles and it was alpng Apostles which survived for centuries in Bally this road that Lord Mountjoy led his army on lehane private chapel but are now deeply August 16, 1600. The great English army was embedded in the floor of a modern cattle shed. on its way to Cullenagh Castle and a 1,ttle During the rebellion of 1641 Owen Roe further on an encounter took place in w].,p.ich O'Neill marched his forces to Athy where he Owny MacRory O'More, the last prince of left four companies of foot as a garrison. They Laois, was killed and the Gaelic principa,lity were commanded by Captain John O'Hogan, of Laois came to an end. The English then the Governor; Captain Con Roe O'N eyll, Captain proceeded to repair their mansions of stone Daniel McCane and Captain Daniel O'Mallan. and lime and settle in the old seats of the race The army marched on to Castlecomer and of Connell Cearnach. There was no one like Kilkenny, leaving Ballylehane in charge of Capt. Owny to defend it. O'Mallan. Later he was ordered to burn the castle and repair to Athy where there were BALLYLEHANE CASTLE only about 200 soldiers to guard the town. The Hovenden family continued to reside A castle once stood in Ballylehane, some in Ballylehane and worked coal pits. Lieut. Col. portions of which are still in existence. The Ffolliott succeeded Hovendens. He is dead and period when this stronghold was erected has the castle field is now owned by Mr. Byrne. not been ascertained, but it must have been Lord Mountjoy passed by Ballylehane on prior to 1346 as it is referred to by Clyn at his journey to Cullenagh Castle and not far that date. He records a great slaughter of the from here fell the brave Owny Mac Rory O'More. O'Mores and their followers to the number _of We will now move on to Rathaspic by 300 at Ballylehane in the year 1315. The scene " Pedigree Corner." of the battle is known locally, as human remains have been found in a large field beside the RATHASPIC Dublin road. Under date 1346 the Castle of Ballylehane The name of this place is derived from is expressly referred to in which it is stated "Bishop's Rath." There are no ruins of ancient that in the week succeeding Low Sunday the ecclesiastical buildings there, as the present Castle of Ballylehane was taken and dismantled Protestant church has been erected from the by O'More, O'Connor and O'Dempsey on the materials of ancient monastic ruins. It was Thursday before the feast of the Holy Cross. built in 1813 by means of a gift from the Board As Ballylehane is within the territory of the of First Trusts to the amount of £553-16-11. O'Mores there can scarcely be a doubt that the Under the site of the buildings were three castle was built by them. It was probably dis vaulted chambers, in one of these was a spring mantled for the purpose of ejecting foreigners well of the purest water. Several curious anti who had arrived in the district at that time. quites have been discovered, one of which was In 1549 an Englishman named Gyles Hovenden a very large key. Formerly the monastic ruins obtained a lease of lands at Kilabban, Shan on the estate of Sir William Grace presented ganagh, Ballylinan, etc. an interesting object from his house at Grace In 1570 John Hovenden obtained a grant field. A high belfry, a large eastern window of land from Queen Elizabeth which included and ivy mantled walls were conspicuous. The Ballylehane. The chief seats of the Hovenden monastery was apparently on a humble scale family were Tankardstown and Ballylehane and to the family of O'More the foundation is Castle. Their coat of arms with inscription was ascribed. The southern boundary of the ancient over the door of Tierernane Lodge, the residence parish extended into County Kilkenny until of the Ffolliott family. The slab was dated 1583. 1840 when that part of the parish was annexed On the entrance piers of the gates to Bally to Clogh. February 16 is the feast of Aodh Glas, lehane Castle were two armorial slabs, one being Bishop of Rathaspic. He is thought to have the arms of the Fitzpatrick family, as Thomas been a grandson of Fortchern; he had six Hovenden married Margaret Fitzpatrick, eldest brothers, all bishops. Bishop Aengus was a daughter of Tady 4th Baron of Upper Ossory. monk in Durrow and is ranked among St. These two carved stones are now laid on the Columbkill's disciples. TWENTY-EIGHT TECOLM CHURCH 21 years whose service there had been for long and painful endurance commended. Thomas The small parish of Tecolm seems to have Bowen was Constable of the castle at that time derived its name from a St. Colum or Columba. and his family continued in occupation for ages. He is likely to have been the Colum who found The Bowens practised many cruelties against ed Aughevel at Stradbally. He was a desciple the native Irish, and their castle was a terror of St. Columbkill. The church is situated in to behold, as many victims suffered agonies in Ballyadams Barony and has almost disappeared, the "murder hole" attached. Sir John Bowen tho end wall only standing. It was waste and in was known as Sean a Pica for the free use he ruins in 1640 and continued so for many years, made of the pike in dealing with his neighbours. until the great storm of January 6, 1839, when The ancient name of Ballyadams was Kil one of the gables fell and for a long time was makedy. The old church was built by the spread unbroken over the adjoining graves. Bowens on the site of an earlier church, and Tullamoy church fell that night also. The high their tomb is an object of interest, although road from Carlow to Stradbally passed close much delapidated. The covering slab represent to the ruins. The parish contained but two ing a lady in the dress of the times is broken townlands, 1,022 acres. The graveyard was and is at the opposite side of the church. The never walled in and is not now used for inter main part of the tomb bears the names of ments. Robert Bowen and his wife, Alice Hartpole. There are niches containing the effigies of their CORBALLY four children. The tomb was erected in 1631 Inch House is not far from Tecolm. It was and bears the following epitaph: - occupied in the early part of the last century by a dissenting minister who favoured Catholic "If tears prevent not, every reader's eye Emancipation. His name was William Connor. May well perceive that in this tomb doth lie He was distinguished for his eloquent advocacy Friends hope, foes dread, whose thrice victor- of Tenant Right and the abolition of the tithes. ious hand Cornet Stafford, a relative of Thomas Fitz Gained love, wrought peace within this joyful gerald (Morett), was once owner of Corbally. land; He was killed in a duel. The estate was encum Whose worth doth mount itself on angels' bered and was cleared by a man named Wilson wings, who sold it to Michael Dunn, an M.P. for Whose great descent was first from royal Queens County. It was retained by him until kings, 1915 when Arthur McMahon got it. It is now Whose never-dying virtues live for why owned by a daughter of McMahon who was Whose fame eternalized he can never dye." married to the late Mr. Masterson. A slab measuring 7 ! ft. long by 3 ft. broad BALLYADAMS CASTLE by 3 in. thickness was discovered in 1899. It A.D. 1546. O'More and the son of O'Con commemorates the Hartpoles- nor, namely Roderick, attacked the town of " Valient Thomas with his sword, Athy, burned the town and monastery and Virtuous Walter by the written word." committed great destruction by burning and slaughter of the English and Irish inhabitants STRADBALLY on that occasion. The Lord's Justice marched a second time and remained fifteen days plun After a refreshing tea in the newly dering, spoiling and burning churches and acquired museum, the members visited Strad monasteries and destroying cattle and corn. bally Bridge where Owny O'More met and killed The Earl of Desmond came to him with a very two of the Cosby family, father and son, while great force and they took a castle belonging their wives were watching from the window of to the O'Mores, viz. Ballyadams Castle, which the Abbey at the other side of the road. they garrisoned. The party then proceeded to Dunamase A.D. 1500. The Lord Protector and Council where Mr. Delaney gave a short account of the in England requested the Lord Deputy and history of the famous stronghold. As a diversion Council in Ireland to proceed to the surveying some of the members proceeded to walk in the of the castle of Ballyadams and thereupon "giant's footsteps" and thus ended a lovely make a lease thereof unto William Jasbard for out:ng in an historic county. TWENTY .. NINE Dublin Street YESTERDAY AND TO-DAY We reproduce here a photograph of Dublin beside it is the late Harry Begley's tailor's St. taken almost sixty years ago. We date this shop. This house was completely re-built over from the shop on right of picture named thirty years ago by the late Mr. S. McDonald "Sticky Back." This establishment was opened and is now Mr. W. Mulhall's auctioneers office. about 1906, in the premises now occupied by Duggan's two shops (grocery and stationery), Mrs. O'Neill, green grocer. It had been pre now Drummond's seed and flower store and viously the fruit shop of Mr. David Henry, who Hayes's stationery. Then comes the Provincial then had a hardware shop next door in the Bank, at that time a new building, and when premises now Nolan's Pharmacy. The shop next the site for it was being cleared, a portion of is McGrath's Medical Hall, and beside it is the the old Carlow Wall was found incorporated in butcher's shop of Mr. J. Brennan, then operated one of the old houses there, according to the by Brennan Bros. This house had been for many late Marlborough Douglas. Beside the bank is years in the occupation of Mr. J. Robinson, Leverett and 'Fry's and then the house at that who carried on a toy-shop trade. He also harl time occupied by Miss Laffan, where she carried a builders' providers yard in Haymarket to on a millinery and ladies outfitting business. gether with a joinery business there. On the This is now Robinson's jewellery shop. opposite side the first premises is Oliver's Further along is McCaul's tailoring pre butcher's stall, now hairdressing saloon, and mises, now an insurance office, then Bergin's THIRTY licensed premises, now Duggan's; and beside the late Peter Walker, and the man with the that was Maher's bakery, owned by the late W. bicycle is the late Pat Kehoe, then porter for J. Jackson, later P. C. Bergin's grocery and the County Infirmary. The sticky back shop now the offices of the E.S.B. O'Rourke's confec supplied six photographs in a strip for 6d. and tionery shop was then Donaldson's jewellery, it also had an assortment of British Army owned by the late George Douglas, Snr., and tunics and caps, so that anyone martial-minded the last houses were Cigar Divan, N. P. Roche's could be photographed as a warrior. There drapery establishment, now a cafe, and then were then no parking problems, as the motor the post office. car had not yet appeared on the streets in any The butcher standing at Oliver's door is number. DUBLIN STREET AS IT IS TO-DAY Photo: Godfrey lllllllillllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllll SUMMER OUTINGS-· (continued from page 38) battles fought in that area by the United isolated however in the fight from the Irishmen in the 1798 rising, who though un remainder of the country and the Crown trained and poorly armed but dedicated to forces being strongly reinforced, they had to their cause and having been goaded into give up the fight, return to their homes, or rebellion by the atrocities committed against what was left of them, and submit. Most of their families and homesteads had fought their leaders received a pardon on condition furiously against the Crown forces and through that they left the country which they did and adventurous strategy on the part of their lead gained high renown for gallantry while fighting ers they defeated them in several battles. Being in the service of the French government. THIRTY-ONE Pre-Christian Dwellings BRENDAN KEALY This is the second part of Mr. Kealy'(J primative digging stick was gradually being urticle on "Pre-Christian Carlow", the first supplemented by the plough and the hoe. There part of which appeared in our last issu11. is, as yet, no definite evidence of domestic fowl, but wild-fowling provided a considerable AS one no doubt notices from the foregoing, part of the diet. the most enduring aspect of the life of For culinary purposes, earthenware ve3sels Bronze Age folk in Carlow is their burial were gradually replaced by cauldrons formed customs and grave architecture·. "Monuments of riveted bronze plates and provided with a of the living", so to speak, i.e., houses, etc., pair of ring handles. This type of cauldron, Dr. have to a large extent disappeared. In many Raftery tells us, was sometimes exported to cases the sites only remain in the form of low Britain. According to him these cauldrons may also have been used as a medium of exchange. circular earthen ramparts. These "ring-forts", as they are called, are very numerous in Carlow. GOLD ORNAMENTS The majority of them, being of rather mode.~t proportions, were used mainly as domestic en The majority of the gold ornaments in the closures and were never intended to withstand National Museum have been dated to the late strong attack. They served as pens for the Bronze Age and show an extremely high degree domestic animals and kept wild animals at bay. of technical and artistic skill, but so far as Most of these enclosures are of very much I know, no gold objects have ever come to later date than the Bronze Age, and continued light in Carlow, for this county must surely be to be built well into historic times. Some re one of the most under-excavated in the country. mained in use up to the 17th century. Beside Concerning burials we have information in these enclosures were built the dwelling plenty, but domestic sites, of which there are houses and farm buildings, and since no super many, are virtually untouched in Carlow. ficial traces of these remain we may conclude The evidence we have for social organisa them to have been constructed of wickerwork tion in this period is only indirect, since we and daub, supported by stout posts. From other possess no written records, but through the Irish sites we find that the roofs were thatched work of Macalister and others it is possible to with turf or reeds. The smoke from the hearth, throw some light on the matter. According to which was usually centrally placed, escaped Macalister there is evidence in Early Historic either through the doorway or through a hole Ireland of two main racial types-a dark and in the roof. Judging again from excavations medium statured race, allied to the Mediter outside Carlow, Bronze Age and Early Iron ranean peoples; and a tall fair-haired race, Age man appears to have been none too hygenic allied to the Nordic peoples. Macalister takes the in h:s domestic habits. The floors of such huts dark, medium-statured people as the earliest when examined, are found to consist of layer population of "pre-Celtic' Ireland, and main after layer of refuse, including animal and tains that there are strong reasons for believ· vegetable remains. From these deposits, how ing that this people was organised on a ever it is possible to obtain some idea of matriarchal basis. As evidence of this he offers Bronze Age and Iron Age diet. Oxbone is the fact that, without exception, the foundation usually p1ominent, and deer bones would seem of all the great royal seats of Ireland were attri to point to the fact that game supplemented buted by tradition to women. As additional the flesh of domestic animals. Evidence of the evidence Macalister puts forward Bede's account growing of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rye, of the Scottish Picts, who, quite possibly were is also found in these hut deposits, and from cognate with the aboriginal race of Ireland. other sources we learn that the simple and Among the Picts, Bede tells us, the kings were THIRTY-TWO succeeded not by their sons but by their sister's west bank of the Barrow. This fort quite sons. The monarchy was therefore organised possibly dates from late Bronze Age times, but on a matriarchal or rather a matrilinear basis, it was certainly inhabited during the Iron Age. the man holding office by right of his descent It is rather larger than the general type of from, or connection with, a woman. The son fort found in Carlow, the upper diameter of reigns by virtue of his mother and the father the flat topped central mound being one hundred is of no importance, and as often as not maybe and eighty one feet, and the height varying a foreigner and not of royal blood. from sixty two to seventy two feet. The incline of the sides of this mound is so steep as to A NEW METAL make climbing difficult even today. Surrounding the mound is a ditch varying from ten to As we have seen the Carlow of the late thirteen feet in width. The height of the outer Bronze Age was, in common with the rest of rampard of the ditch varies from twenty Ireland, a land of agriculturalists and pastoral two feet above the bottom of the ditch on farmers with a high degree of metalurgical the south side to twenty six feet on the north skill. To this community the knowledge of Iron side. On the whole the fort is in an excellent penetrated slowly at first, but from about 500 state of preservation, doubtless because of the B.C. onwards, the new metal was gradually dense protective undergrowth, and must have accepted over the whole country. Metal tools been a formidable place to attack. now became available to the poorer classes for Other large forts may be seen in County the first time, for iron was much cheaper and Carlow and in the neighbourhood of Carlow more easily produced than bronze. Bronze of town itself is an impressive one, Crossneen, course continued to be used, but now to a large the central dish-shaped area being approxima extent only for ornamentat'.on. tely three hundred and fifty feet in its longest The idea that this Iron Age culture was diameter and two hundred and fifty in its short introduced into Ireland by a celtic-speaking in est. The modern public roadway on the west vader from the continent, is today losing side of the Barrow from Carlow to Leighlin ground. At the present time the theory of a bridge cuts through portion of the outer defence gradual, cultural but non-racial, influence from which may be seen in the adjacent fields on both Britain and the Continent is favoured either s:de. The defences to the south and by eminent archaeologists like Dr. Raftery, who west have been largely obliterated by modern tentatively concludes that "there is no arch agricultural activities, and on the whole the ':l.oelogical necessity to postulate a fundamental fort is in a much less perfect state of preserva change of population since the Stone Age, that tion thQn Dionn Righ. the development of civilisation in Ireland followed lines common to the whole of Western Europe and that there was no break in con DIONN RIGH tinuity of culture. Could it be that Celtic in Dionn Righ is perhaps the most widely some form was the language spoken in Ireland written about of all Carlow's pre-Christian re from Stone Age times?" mains, and was intimately associated by many Apart from the celtic invasion controversy, scholars with the now challanged theory of the the early Iron Age in Ireland is one of the Celtic invasion. The legend associated with most obscure periods in her whole history, and Dionn Righ may be summarised as follows. so one is not unduly surprised to discover that Cobthach Coel Breagh slew his brother Loegaire Iron Age finds in Carlow are not numerous. Lore, as well as Loegaire's son Actill. The This is due more to the difficulty of reliably latter's son Labraid Loinsech Moen, fled to dating finds than to the scarcity of the actual Gaul and returning later with an army of Gauls, finds. The only authenticated Iron Age find, he slew Cobthach and thirty other kings in made in Carlow, so far as I have been able to Dionn Righ, and became king of Ireland. discover, came from the Rathvilly district east The Labriad Lionsech legend and Dionn of the Slaney. Other Iron Age sites can be Righ presents so convenient a solution to the named with even less certainty. Many of the problems facing a conquerer in a country where ring-forts, both domestic and military, un the population was thinly distributed over wild doubtedly belong to the Iron Age and the Early and difficult terrain, that it attracts one's Christian period. Of these the most notable immediate suspicion. Labraid instead of having is Dionn Righ, south of Leighlinbridge, on the to undertake a long and exhaustive campaign THIRTY-THREE against some half a hundred petty kings and the town "Durrum" marked on Ptolemy's map chieftains, is, in the legend, provided with the of Ireland. (O'Rahilly claims the same distinc perfect solution. He first of all captured and tion for Dionn Righ). Orpen's suggested history held Dionn Righ, and then invited his father's of Rath Gall is worth summarising as it is slayer, Cobthach Ceol Breagh, and some thirty connected with the sack of Dionn Righ and of his vassal kings to a great feast. When would seem to confirm the above suggestion his guests arrived, Labraid, according to one of a limited, local, foreign settlement. version of the tale, the Orgain Dinda Rig", Orpen conjectures that the Gaulish army promptly confined them to an "Iron House" with which Labraid Loinsech returned was com and burned them all to death. posed mainly of Manapians, that they landed The latter part of this legend is almost at Inver Mor, now Arklow, where they first certainly a fable. The earlier part may have built a stronghold before advancing inland to some foundation in fact, for it is clear that conquer Leinster. To accomplish this, he says, some continental influence was responsible for they would inevitably pass up the valley the spread of Iron usage in Ireland. A sudden between the mountains of Wicklow and Wexford and large scale invasion must be ruled out, (just as did their predecessors, the dolmen however, because Bronze Age shipping was in building people, so many years before), to the capable of carrying an army of sufficient pro open country around Rath Gall, where they portions across the sea from France to Ireland. built their great dun. Orpen then applies the That a small force did arrive is almost certain, Diann Righ legend to Rath Gall, and says that but it became integrated with the native popula having slain their master's rival they planted tion, and was perhaps neither the first nor their master upon the throne of Leinster. In the last of such small infiltrations. time they became known as "the best fighting men in Ireland", and many of them are en RATH GALL gaged to assist Queen Madb in the quest of the Doun of Cuailge, but their martial efficiency Another large fort in the Barrow Valley excites her jealous fears. '.Fergus Mac Roig area, Rath Gall or Rath Geal, just over the however, protects them and allays the queen's Carlow border in County Wicklow, belongs like fears by distributing them among the battalions Dionn Righ to the very late Bronze Age or of her army. They fight at the battle of Rosuaree Early Iron Age. It has never been properly against the Ulstermen. According to Orpen the excavated and so cannot be dated accurately. Gallians, as they are now called, are intimately It resembles, however, certain hill-forts charac connected with Finn, son of Cuahall, and the terestic of Early Iron Age Britain and perhaps Fiana. Indeed, he says that, according to the one might not be far wrong in assigning it approved account, Finn himself was sprung from to this period. Such hill-forts are not uncommon a sept of the Gallians. As foreigners, however, in Ireland but the Rath Gall example is unique he says they remain a vassel people under the in that it is the only one in Eastern Ireland, dominion of the Gael and in time join in the the rest being confined to the West of the revolt of the "unfree tribes of Ireland" and country. It compares favourably with the after a brief success fall into obscurity, be Western examples and covers an area of some coming less and less distinguishable, though eighteen acres all told, which makes it the continuing to be governed by kings of the largest in Ireland with the exception of Moghare race of Messi Corb down to the coming of Caher in Co. Clare. The area enclosed by the the Normans. Such is Orpen's suggested history outer rampart of earth is over one thousand but whatever the truth of the matter, we can be feet in diameter. Inside this at a distance vary at least certain that Carlow has a consider ing from two hundred to three hundred feet, able connection with an important transitional is a second rampart of greater strength, faced period of Irish history, no matter if that trans on the inside and outside by large irregular ition came with the swiftness of invasion or granite blocks with dry filling in the centre. the subtlety of cultural infiltration. Inside this is the third and final rampart of loosely piled stones, with an inside diameter of one hundred and fifty feet. STANDING STONES Dr. Goddard Orpen has shown much interest Other, more tentative, Iron Age material in Rath Gall and regards it as being, not remains in Carlow consist of some standing a fort but a fortified town. He equates with stones, confined mainly to the northern half THIRTY-FOUR of the county. These were used, as far as is were given grants of land in Leinster for them known at present, for ceremonial purposes and selves and their descendants. Laoighseach's most are of uncertain date. Those in Carlow portion comprised the ancient territory of may extend from the Megalithic building period Laoighis. Eochaidh Fionn 'Forthorta was grant right down to very early Chrj.stian times. A ed the Seacht Fortharta Laigean and part of stone of this latter period is the holed-stone this grant is represented by the present Barony at Ardristan. In the Book of Ballymote we are of Fort, in County Carlow. told how Eochaidh, the son of Enna Connsealach The danger from Munster having been insulted the poet of Niall of the Nine Hostages. thus dealt with, a much greater conflict The High King in pursuing him laid waste the approached, the struggle between the kings of kingdom of Leinter and forced Eochaidh to South Leinster and the central monarchy. The be surrendered to him. He brought his prisoner source of this conflict was the famous tribute, to Ath Fadhat in Forthartha Fea, on the banks the Borumha Laighean. of the Slaney, and their chained him by the Mac Neill advances the theory that Fuathal neck to this perforated rock. As Niall with Techtmar imposed this tribute on the Kings of drew northwards nine of his champions returned Leinster to punish them for the part some of to put an end to Eochaidh, but the latter their subjects played in the revolt of the "un turned the tables upon them, broke the chain free tribes" or because the Leinstermen had and killed the whole nine. Encouraged by his not come to his aid in suppressing the revolt. success the Leinstermen thereupon attacked Whatever may have been the real reason, the Niall's army and pursued it as far as Tullow, Annals have as usual, the whole matter neatly slaughtering the retreating troops all the way. tabulated in a rather fanciful little tale. This In the Ordnance Survey letters relating to story recounts how the tribute was imposed Carlow, O'Donovan reports that in modern times as an act of punishment on the King of South human bones and skeletons, as well as swords Leinster for his treachery towards Tuathall's and other military equipment have been dug two daughters. It appeard that the Leinster up from time to time all along the route of this supposed "running battle". monarch, Eochaidh Ainceann, was married to a daughter of Tuathall's named Daeine. Some Another standing stone, probably of a time later Eochaidh went to Tuathall represent slightly earlier period than the above, is that ing that Daeine had died and ·asked for her at the Hollow, Leighlinbridge. This bears some sister Fithir as his wife. Tuathall consented, cup-marks upon the surface and according to and the two were duly married. But Fithir Macalister may have been used as an idol. discovered in the course of time, that her sister Other notable stones are the Cloghtuckagh, just was still living. The two ladies promptly died west of Tullow and those at Ardristan, Williams of grief, and Tuathall, like a dutiful father, town, Fourbeagh and Knocknatubrid. This latter mustered his forces and marched on Leinster stands in the field in which the Bronze Age to avenge the outrage. The Leinstermen realis burial was found in 1930, so it may possibly ing that they had not sufficient strength to date from about 2000 B.C.-1500 B.C. meet the opposing army in the field agreed to pay a tribute, themselves and their descendants HISTORICAL NARRATIVES after them, to Tuathall and to each king who should succeed him. From Tuathall's time every As one approaches the Christian era in king of Tara regarded it as a point of honour Ireland, detailed historical narratives, not to impose this tribute on the Leinstermen, and always reliable, become more and more common, the Leinstermen for their part, resisted the and Southern Leinster including, of course, imposition and so, we have frequent accounts Carlow, figures prominently in them. From these of battles fought between the rulers of the we learn that around about 100 A.D. South two kingdoms. The story of the holed stone Leinster was invaded by the ruling king of at Ardristan, re·counted above, also belongs to Leinster, who succeeded in occupying much of their long period of strife between rival pagan the territory of the Leinster king, Cu Corb. monarchies. Cu Corb appealed to the ruling family of Connacht, and Eochaidh Fiann Fortharta, aided Towards the end of the fifth century A.D. by an Ulster chieftain named Loighseach one approaches comparatively firm historical Ceannonhor son of the famous Canal Cearnach drove out 'the invaders. As a reward they Continued in page 46 THIRTY-FIVE The Secretary Reports ANOTHER successful year has passed for the Society visited Carlow on Thursday, 18th June. Old Carlow Society. We still follow the They were met by Mr. W. V. Hadden, Miss same pattern drawn up in the rules of the A. Tracey, Mr. H. Fennell, Miss Maureen Society; indoor meetings and summer outings Doyle and Miss A. Fitzroy. and bring out a yearly journal. Indoor meet In the grounds of Carlow Castle, Mr. ings are very well attended. Our Summer Hadden showed a model of the Castle, as it afternoon outings to places of historical and used to be and gave a talk on the Castle. scenic interest are very successful. The party then went to Killeshin where Miss A. Tracey gave a description of the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING beautiful Romanesque Doorway. The party also The Society's annual general meeting was visited the famous Cromlech at Brown's Hill held on Thursday, 18th April, Mr. John Ellis, where Mr. H. Fennell gave a short talk. chairman, paid tribute to the officers and com The Wexford Society members were delight mittee for their work in making the Society ed with their visit to Carlow and hoped to a success. All the outgoing officers and com return to visit other historic sites in the mittee were re-elected. district. ANNUAL OUTING TALKS, FILMS AND PAPERS The Society decided to pay a return visit In January Rev. A Murphy, Borris came to Royal Meath for their Annual Outing on up to show a film entitled " A parish lives on, Sunday, 24th May. In Navan the members were some light on a Southern Parish." met by Rev. R. Abbott, C.C. who gave an Mr. Rupert Cornwall Brady of Houston, interesting talk on the ruins of Bective Texas whose family hailed from Myshall gave Cistercian Abbey. After lunch the party went an illustrated talk on a Russian tour-Moscow, on to Kells where they were met by members Leningrad, Rostov and the Black Sea. of the Meath Historical Society. Dr. T. O'Connell In March Mr. and Mrs. John Monahan M.Sc., gave a talk on High Crosses, Round gave an illustrated talk on the "Faulkner Towers and the famous stone house in which the Papers" in Castletown. Book of Kells was preserved for many years. After tea Dr. O'Connell took the party to the WINTER SESSION site of the Ogham stone, and Holy Well outside The Society opened its 1964 indoor session Kells. Mrs. M. Conway, Meath Arch. Society on Thursday, 24th September with a paper on who made the arrangements for the Carlow "Carlow Cathedral and its Environs". This paper party's visit was unable to attend. was written by the late Rev. L. Kehoe, P.P., Clane, on the occasion of the consecration of SUMMER AFTERNOON OUTINGS Carlow Cathedral by the late Most Rev. Dr. June 28th-Glen of Imaal and Donard district. Cullen; the paper was read by Miss M. T. Mrs. Rose O'Byrne, N.T., guest speaker Kelly .. and guide. Thursday, 29th October, "Carlow in July 19th-Arles, Ballylehane Castle, Rathaspic, Colour'', Mr. John Ellis, speaker; slides by Mr. Ballyadams district, Stradbally and Donal Godfrey. Dunamase. Mr. Michael Delaney, Thursday, November 26th: Annual dinner speaker and guide. and Social. August 23rd-Mount Leinster and Myshall. Mr. Thursday 10th December: "The Manchester A. Burns, speaker. Martyrs", paper by Mr. D. F. Flemming. Detailed accounts of these outings are The Society extends grateful thanks to printed in the pages of this journal. the Officers, Committee and members for their co-operation and help during the year; to our VISITORS hosts the Irish National Forresters, who look A party of members of the Old Wexford after our comfort at our indoor meetings. THIRTY-SIX Summer Outings Miss Rose O'Byrne, N.T., Rathcoyle, But while they s1ept, an intormer made Rathdangan, writes on the visit of the his way to Hacketstown, where he betrayed members of the Old Carknv Society to Glen the whereabouts of the rebels to the leader of lmaal and Donard district on Sunday of the Yoemen. The traitor guided a force of afternoon, 28th June. one hundred Glengarry Fencibles to the hide out, where they surrounded the house and called ff A VING left the main Baltinglass-Dublin on Dwyer to surrender. The officer hoped that road at Whitestown Cross, we entered the Dwyer would surrender without a struggle but Glen of Imaal, a glen six miles long and four instead, the besieged rebels opened fire. A miles wide, where great events in the history deadly fusillade from the military was resolut of our land were enacted. This glen got its ely answered by a steady fire from within name from Mal, brother of Cathair Mor, King which wrought havoc on the ranks of the of Ireland. Mal was chieftain of Imaal in the highlanders. second century. The advantage remained on the side of the Our first stop was in the townland of insurgents till their ammunition was almost Castleruddery where the great Clan O'Toole had exhausted. At this point a bullet through the a castle-stronghold. Here, a short distance window broke McAllister's arm. Eventually the from the road, there are pre-christian re attackers succeeded in setting the house on mains in the form of a stone circle. Various fire and it was only by the use of an ingenious explanations are given for these stone circles, trick that the leader escaped. His three friends of which there is more than one example in however, perished. the area. They possibly mark a burial place, BEFORE ST. PATRICK the actual grave in the centre and the stones on the perimeter defining the area allowed to We proceeded to Donard, about four miles the spirit. Another story has it that the piper away. It was here that Palladius, before the (on the outside) and the dancers round the arrival of St. Patrick, founded a church in perimeter engaged in a profane dance, were 431. Our first call was to the grounds of the turned to stone-and this version is given residence of Mr. Norris Davidson, who kindly substance by the name "Piper's Stones" com escorted us to h'is garden and showed us a monly applied to these circles. fine example of an Ogham Stone, about 5 ft. The Protestant Church in Donoughmore, high. He gave us the translation of the half-a-mile further on, stands on the site of Ogham markings on the stone. "Monument to a Church erected by St. Patrick when he Echan, nephew or successor of Muccaid visited Imaal. (Moch ta)" In the ruins of the old church, in the DWYER'S COTTAGE village, we viewed the tomb which was the original burial place of Saints Solinus and Turning right at Knockanargan, three miles Sylvester, monks left by Palladius to take away, one faces Keadeen mountain, with charge of the infant Christian community he Dwyer's Cottage a short distance up its lower established there ( the remains of the monks slopes. Here in mid-winter 1798 nine United were afterwards transferred to Dunganstown Irishmen, led by Michael Dwyer, marched down in East Wicklow). Many old families are to Dernamuck where they were hospitably buried in the ruins, including the Goddards, received in a farmhouse near the roadside. It Oathrew and McMahon families, ancestors of was decided that only five of the band should Mr. Norris Davidson. Towering over the old remain for the night. Dwyer himself, with graveyard and the ruin is the "Ball-Moat," Sam McAlister, John Savage and Patrick a sepulchral tumulus. Costelloe took shelter in a neighbouring farm From Donard we took the road to Holly house. No sentry was posted as Dwyer knew wood Glen. This road was part of what was that he was safe among his own. known in olden times as the "Ballach Dun- THIRTY-SEVEN bolg" and here at Dunbolg or Dunboyke, a meet are representations of the four Evangelists great battle was fought in A.D. 594. Aedh, with the united initials of Mr. and Mrs. John Ard-Ri (A.D. 568-594) marched into Leinster Duguid. Mr. Duguid had the Church built, to enforce the Borumha tribute. He was met practically under his constant direction and left at Dunbolg by Brandubh, King of Leinster, several endowments for it on his death in and defeated and slain. Shortly afterwards 1912. It was built as a memorial to his daughter Brandubh abdicated the throne of Leinster and Constance, who while visiting her sister in entered a Monastery to become later Bishop Myshall Glebe became betrothed to a member and Abbot of Kildare. of the Brady family, Myshall House, the At Athgraney, where the Hollywood Glen respected landlords of the district, but died road joins the main Dublin-Baltinglass road, rather suddenly before her wedding. She was we had two views of another very fine set buried in the local churchyard. Her mother of Pipers' Stones. expressed a wish to be buried beside her and We were now on the homeward journey. was laid there 15 years later. About a mile down the road, on our right, Her father, who was broken-hearted, spent we could just see the location of the Battle the last 10 years of his life superintending of Glenmama, fought in the year 999. The the building of what he termed his "Memorial two Irish Kings, Brian and Malachy, gained an to Love." He enclosed the graves within the important victory over the Danes, who were new church. He died at the age of 80 years. led by Harold. Harold was slain and a tall Stone, still standing, is supposed to mark VERY BEAUTIFUL his grave. The Holy Table is crimson and gold; the Baptismal Font of alabaster, both rest on Connemara marble with Sicilian marble step and are very beautiful. The black marble steps came ()N Sunday, August 23rd, the final outing from Galway and the red granite pillars from of the Society took place to Mount Leinster Aberdeen; they were all completed by Italian and Myshall. It proved to be the most popular craftsmen and it is to be wondered at why of the season. Over 70 members attended and such an architectural masterpiece in our county it was a pity that the weather didn't prove is so completely and practically unheard of. Let more, kind. However this did not damp the us hope that as a result of this' visit, it will spirits of the members who trudged bravely to become the major attraction that it richly the top of the mountain, to visit the television deserves to be. booster station, in the teeth of a howling gale The members then visited the R.C. Parish and in a heavy mist which made the going Church, where the new marble Altars and very difficult indeed. Communion Rail were a source of much They were warmly received by the admiration. After tea in the Hall, kindly placed engineers in charge and later shown over the at our disposal by Rev. J. Kehoe, P.P., Mr. building and given details of the workings by A. Burns read a paper dealing with the Mr. P. Jordan in a brief but very interesting MacMurragh Kavanagh family, the remains of manner for which the members afterwards whose castles would have been visible to the expressed their thanks. members from the top of the mountain, had On the return journey a visit was paid the weather been favourable. The family, on to the Adelaide Memorial Church in Myshall, account of Dermot having welcomed the English where the Sexton, Miss E. Simpson, gave an at Waterford and married his daughter Eva to explanatory talk concerning it. It was con Strongbow, were much maligned by the other secrated by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Bernard, Bishop Irish chieftains; but the speaker recounted of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 29th many of the successful battles fought later by September, 1913. his descendants, bloody battles, even against A miniature replica of the famed Salisbury King Richard, who had to return to England Cathedral, it was built with local granite and leaving Art MacMurragh Kavanagh unbeaten Stradbally limestone; whitestone from Bath until he signed a treaty which guaranteed his lines the interior, and all carving was rights. done on the site. The complete edifice is very The speaker also recounted some of the ornate; the interior design is trefoil in many varieties; overhead where the Nave and Chancel Continued in page 31 THIRTY-EIGHT IN THE CRIMEA-(continued from page 15) to the Sardinian troops. Miss Nightingale had oven like a bakers. There were also charcoal given up charge of a hospital at Balaklava and stoves. The dinner tins were placed all around Rev. Mother Francis was in correspondence these stoves to keep everything hot. Rev. with Sir John Hall the Principal Medical Officer Mother endeavoured to have meals served hot in the East about the Sisters going there to and comfortable in the wards. There were many take charge of this hospital. Both he and the useful things in the stores, suitable for the Purveyor-in-Chief were anxious that the Sisters kitchens but it was next to impossible to get should make no delay; so on October 7th, 1855 anything out of them. Rev. Mother was told they left Scutari on board the "Ottawa" over and over again that there was no such bound for Balaklava. Sir John Hall made all a thing to be had, but she was not defeated the arrangements for the voyage. Fr. Woolett, and made a great fight with Mr. Fitzgerald, S.J. accompanied them (Fr. Ronan S.J. had re the Deputy Purveyor until she got what she turned to England through ill-health). On the wanted. "Nothing" she said "was too good for morning of 10th October they saw the lights the poor soldiers". of Balaklava; entry to the harbour was de Christmas 1855 came around. The Sisters' layed due to other ships also waiting to enter; second in the Crimea. It was fearfully cold the entrance was between immense rocks and the soldiers said that the wind blowing from only one vessel could enter at a time. Finally Sebastopol would cut the head off a man. The they did not enter the harbour until 8 o'clock nuns tried to make that Christmas Day, 1855 as the following evening. Fr. Woolett was waiting festive as they could. There were nice puddings, to bring the Sisters to their quarters. even Plum Puddings for the Orderlies. They also had a little money and procured whatever NEW HOME they wanted. But the rats had other ideas, the night before--Christmas Eve~to be exact; they Their new home was a wooden hut up a eat one hundred eggs, and killed the few steep hill; a new hut was to be erected for chickens that were kept for the Christmas them-sometime. Sir J. Hall welcomed the nuns dinner. Evidently the Russian Cat was not and put them in charge of the General Hospital working for Christmas. The nuns were very (they had no ladies or nurses in Balaklava). upset and did the best they could in the difficult On their third day in Balaklava Sr. Winefred circumstances. died of cholera. She was buried in a spot of During the month of January, 1856 there ground between two rocks on the hills of Bala was a new outbreak of Typhus and Typhoid klava, Fathers Woolett, Unsworth and Malony Fever and there were numerous cases. Sr. and the sisters led the funeral, soldiers, doctors, Elizabeth fell victim and died on 23rd February officers and officials followed; Miss Nightingale 1856. She was buried beside Sr. Winefred. A also attended. cross was also erected over the grave. The The Plague of rats was even worse in graves were enclosed by a high iron railing Balaklava, huge brutes, the Sisters were really set in cut stone. scared of them. One day Fr. Woolett brought them a present of a Russian cat, he had bought it from an old woman for the small sum of RUMOURS O'F PEACE seven shillings. It made a particularly hand Early in 1856 there were rumours of peace some captive in the land of its fathers, because and now in March news was reaching the the Sisters were obliged to keep it tied to Crimea that peace was certain. However the a chair to prevent its escape, but the very doctors wished the Sisters to remain until the sight of their powerful champion soon relieved last; and Rev. Mother would have done so them of their unwelcome visitors. but for an unexpected event. Fr. Duffy, S.J. arrived from Dublin and Before the nuns came to Balaklava in was warmly welcomed by Rev. Mother. An October 1855 Miss Nightingale had withdrawn officer informed her that the men of his regi her nurses, so that the hospital was vacant. ment-the 89th-asked to be allowed to erect Now Miss Nightingale was named by the War a marble cross over Sr. Winefred's grave; this Office as Superintendent of the Nursing Staff mark of kindness was gratefully accepted by in the East, and in April, 1856 she again Rev. Mother. assumed the charge of the General Hospital at The Sisters had an extra kitchen with a large Balaklava, saying that she was directed from THIRTY-NINE the War Office to so so. Under these circum Sir William regretted the circumstances that stances, and as peace was being proclaimed, forced Sr. M. Francis (Bridgeman) to quit the Rev. Mother made up her mind to leave. The General Hospital at Balaklava and return to patients were nearly all convalescent and she England, taking the Sisters under her charge wari anxious to leave before the soldiers and with her. civilians started for England. Miss Nightingale The Sisters came from different communi wa,, very anxious the Sisters should remain. ties-Dublin, Cork, Kinsale, Charleville, Liver However Rev. Mother thought it was not pool, Chelsea and of course, Carlow. Although nec,,,ssary and sent the following letter to Sir the Sisters of Mercy from Bermondsey were John Hall: - with Miss Nightingale at the Barracks Hospital Dear Sir: As it is no "longer in yoor power the Irish Sisters rarely met them. The hospital to continue us here on the terms on which was an enormous place capable of accommodat you accepted our services in the Crimea, I ing some thousands of soldiers. beg to resign my charge to you from whom Preparations began for the departure of I received it. May I also offer my best the Sisters of Mercy from the Crimea and they thanks / FORTY Rev. Paul Cullen was out of town; he left St. Patrick's, Gort, Co. Galway. word that the Sisters were to await his return. February 17th, 1897 Dr. Dunne, the President of Carlow College Sir: I received your kiter of 15th, intima arrived to take the Carlow Sisters home as ting to me that Her Most Gracwus Majesty, preparations were made in the town to give The Queen, is pleased to bestow on me the them a great reception. On arrival in Carlow Order of the Royal Cross in recognition of they proceeded to the Convent quickly, but the services of my Sisters in Religion and not without cheers for the "Russian Nuns". my own in caring for the W(YUnded soldiers The Sisters, they parted from eighteen months at the, Crimea during the war. My words before, were all inside the Convent gate to cannot express my gratitude for the great welcome them back. When the Bishop heard of honour which Her Majesty is pleased to their arrival he sent Dean Hughes to bid them confer on me. The favour is if possible en welcome, and to say, he would call himself the hanced by the permission to receive this next morning, that there would be a Solemn public mark of favawr at Her Majesty's own High Mass of Thanksgiving for their safe hands. The weight of seventy-six years and return on the following Sunday in the Cathedral the infirmities of age, will I trust dispense to conclude with the "Te Deum". me from the journery to the Palace. I will therefore with sentiments of deepest grati MEMOIRS tude ask to be permitted to receive this Sr. M. Aloysius' memoirs were compiled mark of my Soveriegn's favour in the less from the diary she kept in the Crimea, and public and formal manner you have kindly written in 1897-forty-one years after the end indicated. of the Crimean War. Her memoirs would have I am Sir, been more interesting if she could have seen Faithfully yours in Jesus Christ, the other Sister's diaries; but they had all Sr. M. Aloysius disappeared except one, and her own, which was in great part eaten by the rats at Sr. Aloysius died in the year 1901 at the Balaklava. age of 80 years in the Convent in Gort, Co. Carlow was Sr. Aloysius' first Convent home; Galway; the last of a gallant band, who for from there she went to the Crimea and soon a time sacrificed the happy, and peaceful after her return she was sent to Gort in Co. cloister in following her true calling as a Galway. Sr. Aloysius was the only one of Sister of Mercy. the band of Sisters who served in the Crimea alive in the year 1897-the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The following correspondence passed between the Queen and Sr. Aloysius: N.B.-Mr. Hugh O'Donnell, Solicitor recollects Pall Mall, L FORTY-ONE ORDNANCE SURVEY-(continued from page 24) THE BREHON LAWS them and the three valiant workers gave A commission had been set up for the dedicated service until the project closed down publication of the ancient laws of Ireland and in 1842. again O'Donovan was the obvious choice as O'Curry or Curry as his name appears in translator. He transcribed legal manuscripts in the records was also a keen Gaelic scholar and the ancient language, which filled nine volumes historian. Two of his sons, Antony and Austin and then translated them in twelve volumes. were fieldmen. O'Curry and O'Donovan were He did not live to see this work in print or brothers-in-law; one authority states that they indeed to edit it. (This was done by Dr. Reeves.) were married to sisters and another that O'Curry's sister was John's wife; be that as it CALLED TO THE BAR may they were firm friends as well as co In addition to all this he had studied workers. modern law and entered at Gray's Inns, London in April 1844 and was called to the Irish Bar PLOTTING in 1847. He did not practice but felt the know The various districts were "plotted" and ledge would be an advantage in his under the portions allotted to the field men who fine takings which, as we have seen, were numerous. combed the areas for both physical and historical One of these which I have not so far mentioned features, aided of course by the information was his appointment as lecturer at the newly from headquarters as to what was known to opened Queen's College in Belfast "in which his have existed there. lectures were distinguished by eloquence and Reports on the findings were written up erudition according to a contemporary. each night and forwarded to Dublin. Considering that the days were spent in investigation and THE ORDNANCE SURVEY the nights in reporting the results, the work This colossal undertaking was commenced was undoubtedly demanding. in 1824 and was staffed mainly by English Captain Larcom on one occasion visited personnel, who worked under the supervision O'Donovan's area and found him at 2 a.m. of officers of the Military unit, the Royal writing his report and that after having been Engineers, commonly known as Sappers,. As in the field the previous day from· 8 a.m. already mentioned O'Donovan had already been employed in the headquarters office for some FIRST ARRIVAL IN CARLOW years. The first fieldman arrived in Carlow town, The Director of Operations was Colonel by the Tallyho coach on the 6th June, 1839, Coltby and his assistant Captain Larcomb. called at the post office next morning and found John's work was mostly the translation of there a note asking him to call on Lieut James the place names from Gaelic into English and for the name books. He duly carried out these generally preparing to have accurate replies instructions and was supplied with the name ready for the queries re locations of various books, extracts and indexes but these were not landmarks of archaeological interest which were sufficient for Mr. T. O'Conor, the fieldman constantly being received from the "fieldmen." concerned. Their letters to headquarters often commenced with "Please ask Mr. O'Donovan" and invar A "TALL" ORDER iably Mr. O'Donovan provided the answers. He wrote a demand to Dublin for a dia gram of the county to be sent to him without SCOPE WIDENED delay. He also listed thirty-seven years between After a couple of years Colonel Coltby 804 A.D. and 1167 for which he wants Mr. decided with the permission of the Govern O'Donovan's translation of "what is said in ment to widen the scope of the scheme and the Four Masters concerning Ui Cinsealach in in 1833 the Irish Topographical Division of these" separate years. the Ordnance Survey was launched. Also he wishes that Mr. O'Donovan would O'Donovan was transferred from the office give him a list of the ancient territories lying for spells at field work and had as his colleague in the county. Also "I want paper, quills, sealing the renowned archaeologist George Petrie. A wax and pencils. I commence to work couple of years later Eugene O'Curry joined immediately." FORTY-TWO His first report is dated 8th June and he However aggravating the complaints must an!lounces the arrival of a fellow worker Antony have been for the staff in Dublin, one cannot Curry and registers his first of many grievances but feel sympathy with the sufferers. Life was concerning Carlow, "I can get no good paper not easy for them living as they were away in the town." He dictates to Headquarters re from their homes and their work was exacting. the particulars taken from old documents. The Their reports were intended to form the next report includes: "Please send me a pencil basis of a memoir for each county but in fact an article I find it impossible to get good here." only one of these was published-that of the The letter concludes by stating that his parish of Teampull Mor, which included Derry health has been very indifferent since he came City. The genius of O'Donovan, O'Curry and to Carlow and weather "severe"; the heat is Petrie as the practical organisers had gained intolerable; I cannot write in the night after such a wealth of historical data that when the walking about in the heat all day." memoir was published in 1837 the Government On June 16th he, writes: "It is with much of the time at Westminster forbade the publi regret, nay shame, afflictions, that I have to cation of others. No reason for this step was tell you that my exertions in getting through forthcoming. the North of the Barrony of Rathvilly, have Reluctantly Colonel Coltby and Captain distressed me severely." He was exhausted, had Larcom had to scale down their projects and a feverish tremor, restless sleep. He mentions in 1842 when field work in twenty nine counties these briefly to avoid a whining air. "'What I was completed and no further survey work was have said, I deem necessary to be made known". inaugurated. O'Donovan makes the heartless comment: "This is rich, a longing, yea, a yearning after home." HARVESTED INFORMATION FINANCIAL TROUBLES The headquarters staff were kept busy for a number of years writing the immense Finances were another worry. "Mr. Curry amount of the harvested information in the cannot stir out of Carlow until my pay arrives, name books and the key men on the job were of all my money is out". The health again: "I course, O'Donovan, O'Curry and Petrie. cannot get on with the work here. If I don't Another worker in the office is well worthy get in immediately I feel my health will be of mention, Thomas Drummond, a Scot, who instantly irrecoverable. One day is too long for was one of the first to enter the service. me to remain here if I could help it. I hope He mixed with the Irishmen engaged in our pay comes before the third, to wait to the work, got to know them and to appreciate such a day will be a great venture for me. their worth, a knowledge that .. was to serve I long for an answer to yesterday's request." them well when he was appointed Under At last poor Mr. O'Conor received his re Secretary for Ireland, an office he held from call to Dublin and Mr. P. O'Keeffe took over 1834 until his death in 1840. with Mr. O'Curry. He in turn takes up the During those years he won a place in the cry of ill health almost immediately as an excuse hearts of the Irish people, until then unique for dilatoriness in sending his reports and in the history of Dublin Castle officials. O'Donovan describes him as a poor soldier in He did his utmost to relieve the distress the field. of those poverty striken days. His death brought sorrow to the homes of those who CARLOW A FINE HEALTHY COUNTY knew him and his funeral to Glasnevin Cemetery, where he was buried at his own In contrast O'Curry was quite content and request was followed by thousands. His statue describes Carlow as a fine healthy county where in white marble, by John Hogan, stands in the he would gladly spend an idle month if there vestibule of Dublin City Hall, with that of was nothing else for him to do. Daniel O'Connell, by the same artist. The tales of woe from O'Conor and O'Keeffe letters were taken from the copy made by the BOND OF FRIENDSHIP late Mr. Edward O'Toole, N.T., some years ago. This copy which is typewritten was made by Another member of the Ordnance Staff, less him from the originals in the Ordnance Survey exalted, was James Clarence Mangan between headquarters in Phoenix Park and he presented whom and John O'Donovan there was a strong it to the Carlow Co. Library. bond of friendship, though O'Donovan admitted FORTY-THREE that his influence was unable to keep Mangan 1846 to 1861 shows the number of days he was away from his great weakness, strong drink. employed in each year. These vary from 105 "He cannot give up drink", complains John. to the last entry in December 1861, John 'Now and again he writes a short poem which O'Donovan employed three days (for ortho he com poses as he moves like a shadow along graphy) at 9/6 pr day. the streets and writes in public houses in which Poor Johnnie Donovan had finished his he gets pen and ink gratis. One short poem last task. of his exhibits seven different inks and seven Strange it is that considering the work he different varieties of handwriting, written in did for Ireland in salvaging so much of her seven different public houses! " early history that no worthwhile biography has, as far as I know, been yet published. Mangan said of O'Donovan: "In reality no One was written by the late Canon Aylward one exists who combines a larger share of of Kilkenny but it was still in Mss. form when imaginative mind with the philosophical than he died and then passed into the possession John. Personally I owe him a debt of gratitude of the Royal Irish Acadamy of which the Canon I never can repay." was a member. All through his life, ill health dogged The field name books were stored in the O'Donovan. He married in 1840 and had a ordnance survey office for a number of years family of nine sons and in spite of his capabilities until in the 1880's a number of volumes were his earnings never exceeded £4 per week from presented to the R.I.A. also. all sources, including Queen's College. Still more belatedly, a very welcome gesture has been made by the Ordnance Survey IN GLASNEVIN Office in making available (on request) to He died at his home in Marlborough St., schools, copies of works and maps dealing with Dublin on 9th December, 1861 from an attack the areas in which these schools are situated. of rheumatic fever and he was buried in None of O'Donovan's sons married with the Glasnevin. In spite of his ill health he had exception of one whose only child, a daughter, worked intermittently for the office of Ordnance married a Welsh doctor. Her father was the Survey up to the end. A table for the years last survivor of John's family. !Jllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll IN THE CRIMEA-(continued from page 41) in the "Nationalist", April, 1889. "Mrs. Margaret the seige and fall of Sebastopol. John Kerwin, Kerwin a heroine of the Crimean War, whose 1st Batt. 19th Regt., died 7th June, 1905. experiences have been published in "Hours" He was engaged in the battle of Alma, wounded died last week on April 21st, 1898. at Inkerman and the seige and fall of Sebastopo "Her tales of the War were most interest Erected by their grandchildren Lieut J. P. ing and she had the extraordinary experience Kerwin-Colgan, 3rd Reg. and Margaret Ellen of looking at the Malakoff Battle through the Fitzpatrick. telescope of Mr. Russell the celebrated War Correspondent.'' De Mm-tus Nil Nisb FORTY-FOUR Carlow Society Officers and Members of the Old .I PATRON: ter, England; Fenlon, John, James His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Thomas Keogh, town Road, Inchicore, Dublin 8; Bishop' of Kildare and Leighlin, Fitzmaurice, Mrs. B., "St. Martin's," Hanover. HON. LIFE VICE-PRESIDENTS: Governey, Fl'ancis, Barrowvme. Rt. Rev. Monsignor Miller, D.Ph., V.F., P.P., Newbridge; Very Rev. P. Carlow; Governey, Mrs. Madeline, MacSuibhne, M.A., P.P., Kildare; Bernard O'Neill, M.Sc.; Mrs. 13 O'Neill, Barrowville, Carlow; Gaffney, Wilton Gardens, Cork; Liam D. Bergin, Editor, " Nationalist and Leinster Capt. W., Killeshin; Gaffney, Mrs. Times," Carlow. W.. Killeshin; Gid_dy, Eric, Athy Road, Carlow; Giddy, Mrs. E., CHAIRMAN: Athy Road, Carlow; Godfrey,, Mr. John EHis. Dorial, Dublin St., Carlow. Hadden, W. H., Court View, VICE-CHAIRMEN: Ca!'low; Hadden, Mrs. W. H., Miss Alice Tracey; Mr. W. V. Hadden; Mr. H. Fennell; Court View, Carlow; Hadden, W. Rev. P. J, Brophy, B.D. V " Four Winds " Carlow· Had d~n. Mrs. w. v.,' .. Four Winds," JOINT HON. SECRETARIES: Carlow; Hanlon, Mrs. J., College Miss M. T, Kelly, "The Stream"; Mrs. W. J. Fenlon, Montgomery St. St., Carlow; Hutton, Frank, Stap lestown Rd., Carlow; Hughes, HON. EDITORS: Patrick, CoHege St., Carlow; Healy, Mr. W. V. Hadden, "Four Winds;" Miss M. T. Kelly, "The Stream," Richard, College St., Carlow; Carlow. Hosey, Joseph, Governey Square, Carlow; Harkins, Charles; 457 El38 COMMITTEE: St., New York, 54, U.S.A.; Halpin, Miss Maureen Doyle, Miss B. Oliver, Miss A. Fitzroy, Miss Iona MacLeod, John, The MurHawn, Tullow; Hal Mrs. H. Fennell, Mrs. T. Smith, Mr. J. Reddy, Mr, M. Delaney, Mr. F. Enis, pin,, Mrs. J., The Mullawn, Tullow; Mr. D. Godfrey, Mr. E. Corcoran, Mr. P. Hughes. Hartnett, Mrs. J., Dublin St., Car low; Hartnett, Miss Esme, Dublin Aughney, Dr. Honoria, Co. E. Buffalo St., Ithaca, New York, St., Cavlow; Harvey, Mrs., MHtJ M.O.H. Wexford; Amond, Patrick, U.S.A.; Cannon, Miss Madeleine, Park House, Kilbride, Co. Carlow. 63 Adrian Ave., Bronx; Agar, 82-78 Caldwel>l Ave., Middle Vil Kelly, Miss M. T., " The Richard, 13 Larkfield, Rat,hnapish. lage, Long Island, U.S.A. Stream," Carlow; Kelly, William, Bergin, Liam D., "Nationalist & Doyle, Miss Maureen, Railway 26 St. Patrick's Avenue, Carlow; Leinster '11imes," Carlow; Breen, Road, Carlow; Doyle, Miss Dillie, Kelly, Mrs. Michael, Burrin St.. Miss G., DuMin St., Carlow; Burns, Railway Road, Carlow; Doyle, Carlow; Kel>ly, Thomas, 31 Alec, College St., Carlow; Burns, Mrs. Leigh, Dublin St., Carlow; Avenue I, Farningdale, Long Mrs. A., College St., Carlow; Doyle, James J., "Nationalist and Island, New York; Kealy, Thomas, Brophy, Rev. P. J., St. Patrick's Leinster Times," Carlow; Doyle, Maryborough St., Graiguecullen, College, Carlow; Brophy, Michael, Miss D., Pembroke, Carlow; Doyle, Carlow; Kealy, Brendan, Mary. M.C.C., Ardattin, Tullow; Broughan, Miss M., Matron, St. Dymphna's, borough St., Graiguecullen, Car Edward, Coalmarket, Carlow; Carlow; Dooley, Ml., St. KiiJlian's low; Kilkenny Archaeological Broughan, :Mrs. E., Coalmarket, Crescent, Carlow; Delaney, Ml., Society; King, Mrs., Brown St., Cal'low; Breen, Miss J., Castle St.; The Swan, Athy, Co. Kildare; Carilow; Kelly, Mrs. W., 26 St. Brophy Edward, N.T., Sycamore Delaney, Mrs. Ml., The Swan, Patrick's Ave., Carlow. Road, Rathnapish, Carlow: Bagenal, Athy, Co. Kildare; Duggan, Wm. Lillis, Maj. Gen. James, The J. J. S., Agricultural Dept., P.O. L., College St., Carlow; Duggan, Bush, 2 Wynberg Park, Black Kabarent, via Nakuru, Kenya; Mrs. W. L., College St., Carlow; rock, Co. Dublin; LHlis, Thos. J., Burke, Thomas, " Dean Cottage," Darcy, Mrs. Ml., Castle Hill, Car Lumclone House, Fenagh, Co. Browneshill Road; Bartley, Miss A., low; Dillon, Mrs. John, St. Kill Carlow; Lillis, Mrs. E., Lumclone Pembroke, Carlow, ian's Crescent, Carlow; Dillon, House, Fenagh, Co. Carlow; Cannon Mrs. K., 82-78 Caldwell Miss PhyJilie, St. Killian's Crescent, Leslie, W. A., 32 Ecclesto1,1 Ave., Middle vrnage, Long Island, Carlow; Dowling, John, Linkards Square, London; Leslie, Mrs. W. N.Y., U.S.A.; Colgan, Miss M., town, Carlow; Doran, P. J., Old A., 32 Eccleston Square, London. " Greenville," Athy Rd., Carlow; Leighlin, Carlow; Dowling, Miss Miil1ler, Rt. Rev. Monsignor, P.P., Conroy, Miss M. Castle St., M., Clocristic, Milford. Newbridge, Co. Kildare; Murray, Carlow; Corcoran, Eustace, J.K.L. Ellis, John, Burrin St., Carlow; Aidan, N.T., Dublin St., Carlow; Avenue, Carlow; Corcoran, Mrs. Eustace, E. A. R., Newstown, Murray, Mrs. A., Dublin St., Car E., J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow; Corr, Tullow, Carlow; Ellis, Frank, low; Murray, Ciaran, Dublin St., Rev. Joseph, S.J., "St. Wilfrids," "Rosario," Hillview Drive, Rath Carlow; Moore, William, Leighlin Preston, Lanes., England; Corr, napish, Carlow. bridge, Carlow; Monahan. John, Aid. Michael J., 426 Lewisham Fennell, Harry, Everton, Car Castletown, Carlow; Monahan, Mrs. High St., London. S.E., 13; Corr, low; Fennell, Mrs. H., Everton, J., Castletown, Carlow; Moore, James J., 9 Bay Ridge, Parkway, Carlow; Fenlon, William J., Mont Mrs. W., "St. Ann's," Athy Rd., Brooklyn, New Yol'k, U.S.A.; Clif gomery St.; Fenlon, Mrs. W. J. Carlow; Mannion, Francis, Dublin ton, Hugh, 3 Augustine Villas, Montgomery St., Carlow; Fenlon, St.. Car!ow; Murphy, Mrs. M. B., Meath Rd., Bray, Co. Wicklow; Thomas, Montgomery. St., Carlow; Rathnap1sh. Carlow; Murphy, Rev. Chmelar, Edward, Larkfield. Car Fitzroy, Miss Alice, Montgomery P. J., C.C., Robertstown, New low; Chmelar, Mrs. E., Larkfield, St., Carlow; Fitzmaurice, Major bridge, Co. Kildare; Moore, Wm., Carlow; Canavan, Mrs. J., St. A., Laurel Lodge, Carlow; Friedl, St. Ann's, Athy Rd., Carlow; Joseph's Rd.. Ca1ilow; Clancy, Miss Trudy, "St. Gertrude's," Car /Murphy, Miss Annie, Barrack St., Miss, Royal Hotel, Carlow; Con low; Finnegan, Mrs. A., Tullow Carlow. nolly, Mrs. T. A., Ballyfoyle, St., Carlow; Foley, James P., 2 MacLeod, Miss Iona Co. Lib Mageney, Leix; Conboy, F. J., 403, Plantation St., Gorton, Manches- rarian, Pembroke, Carlow; McCaul, FORTY-FIVE Mrs. A., Dublin St., Carlow; G.P.0., Carlow; O'Neill, Miss Mary, Mr. T., Leinster Crescent, Carlow; McDonald, Mrs. A., Hollymount, Barrack St.. Carlow; O'NeH!, Miss Smith, Mrs. T., Leinster Crescent, Carlow; McDonnell, Raymond A., Leonie, Barrack St., Carlow; Carlow; Smith, Miss Mary, Leins Dublin St., Carilow; McDonnell, O'Neill, Miss Lucy, Barrack St., ter Crescent. Carlow; Smith, Mrs. R. A., Dublin St., Carlow; Carlow; O'Nei1H, Mrs. D., 2251 Michael, Newtown, Bagenailstown; MacMahon, Miss, 17 WHlbrook Sedgewick Ave., Bronx, New York; Saywell, J. E. H., 41 WHton Cres Rd., Terenure, Ra:thfarnham, Dub O'Neill, Mrs. John, 574 West cent, London, S.W.l; Sheehan, lin; McDona:ld, Mrs. E., Boherduff, 192nd St., New York; O'Brien, Richard, 1147 Hand Place (Apt. Bagenalstown; McGrath, Miss M., Thomas K., Emerald Lodge, Green 12), Elizabeth New Jersey, U.S.A. Asst. Matron, " St. Dympna's," Lane, Carlow; O'Brien, Mrs. T. K., Tracey, Miss Alice, "Stella Carlow; McMahon, Miss Mgt., 6551 Emerald Lodge, Green Lane, Car :Maris," Athy Rd., Carlow; Tucker, 79th Place, Middle ViJilage, Long low; O'Donovan, Miss. N.T., Tower C. G., Oak ·Park Road, Carlow; Is'1and, N.Y. Hill, GraiguecuHen; O'Grady, P. J., Tucker, Mrs. C. G., Oak Park Rd., Rathmore House, Tullow; O'Grady, Carlow. Noude, Miss R., Tullow St., !Mrs. P. J., Rathmore House, Tul Waldron, Austin, C.E.O., Voca Carlow; Nolan, Thomas, TulJiow low; O'Han:lon, Mrs., Sunnyside tionaI Schools, ~arilow; Waldron, Rd., Carllow; Nolan, Mrs. M., Graiguecullen; O'Grady, Miss F., Mrs. A., Frederick Avenue, Car Barrack St., Carlow. "Holloden," Leighlinbridge. Iow; Wall. Miss B., Barrack St., O'Rourke. Hugh, Clogrennane, Peevers, John, Staplestown, Carlow; Whelan, Mrs. Leo. St. Carlow; O'Keeffe, Bernard, St. Carlow; Peevers, Mrs. J., Staples Killian's Crescent, Carlow; Woods, Killian's Crescent, Carlow; town, Carlow; Purcell, Mrs. T. J., James, St. Killian's Crescent, Car O'Keeffe, :Mrs. B., St. Killian's St. Joseph's Road, Carlow; Phelan, low; Woods, Mrs. J., St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow; O'Keeffe, Miss Mrs. W., Co. Hospital, KHkenny; Crescent, Carilow; WaH, Michael, Eileen, St. Killian's Crescent, Car Purcell, Gerard, St. Killian's Cres 170 West 109 St., New York. 25; low; O'Keeffe, Miss M., St. Kill cent; Purcell, Patrick, Quinagh, White, Mrs. R., Eastwood House, ian's Crescent, Carlow; O'Leary, Carlow; Phelan, Thomas, 38-14 Bagenalstown; Ward, Mrs. J., Rev. Sean, C.C.. The Presbytery, Broadway Astoria, Lon~ Island, Little Barrack St.; Walsh, Mrs. P., Carlow; O'Donnell, Hugh, Dublin N.Y.; Phelan. Miss T., Pembroke, Hanover, Carlow; Walshe, Philip, St., Carlow; O'Hanlon, Mrs. J., Carlow; Purcell, Mrs. P., Quinagh, UNESCO Technical Assistance Hanover, Carlow; O'Hanlon, Miss Carlow. Mission, P.O. Box 3429, Addis Mary., Hanover, Carlow; O'Neill, Reddy;, James, Lr. Stapiestown Ababa, Ethiopa. Thomas P., "GayviHe," Carlow; Rd., Carlow; Ryan, James, Cappa FOR YOUR INFORMATION:- Oliver, James J.. Kilkenny Rd., lug, Ballickmoyler; Reynolds, Subscription to Old Carlow Cadow; Oliver, Mrs. J., Kilkenny Kathleen, Miss, 7 Govemey Park, Society, 7 /6 per annum, payable Rd., Carlow; Oliver, Miss B.. Dub Graiguecullen. to Hon. Treasurer, Mr. A. Bums, lin St., Carlow; O'NeiH, Denis, 2251 Swayne. Very Rev. P., M.A., Co1ilege Street, Carlow. Sedgewick Ave., Bronx, New P.P., Kildare; Sheehan, Miss K., Society's Journal "Carloviana", York, U.S.A.; O'Neill, Miss D., N.T., Burrin St., Carlow; Smith, published annuaHy, 1/- per copy. 1Jllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII PRE-CHRISTIAN DWELLINGS-(co.ntinued from page 35) ground. Carlow figures quite prominently in the Mac Neill: Phases of Irish History_ Clark: Pre-historic Europe. Christianising movement which began in O'Donovan and others: Ordnance Survey Letters (Carlow). Ordnance earnest towards the middle of the century. Survey Field Name Books (1839). Millar: The Barrow Valley and its History. "Rathvilly Moat" to the east of the present O'Toole: "The Parish of Ballon, Co. Carlow." [J.K.A.S. XI No. 4. (1933)). "A group of Grooved Stancling Stones in North Carlow." village of Rathvilly was the scene, shortly [J.R.S.A.1. (1939)). after 432 A.D. of one of the earliest Christian Raftery: "A Neo!Hhic burial in County Carlow." [J.R.S.A.I. (1944) P.61-62]. baptisms in County Carlow. Here Crionthan, Powell: "Megalithic Tombs in South Eastern Ireland." [J.R.S.A.I. with his wife and son was baptised by St. (1941) P.9J. Graves: "The Pagan Cemetery at Banon HM!, Co. Carlow." Patrick himself, and ushered in a new and [J.R.S.A.I. (1852-1853) P.295-302]. splendid age, which, unfortunately, lies outside O'Toole: "CiSJl at Knocknatobrid, Tullow, Co. Carlow:" [J.A.S. Vol. XI o. 2. P.26). the scope of this present paper. Prendergast: "Encrusted Urn Burial, Co. Carlow." [JR.S.A.1. (1945) P.259). Burial Urns found at the Sugar Factory ["Carloviana, Dec. 1955). BIBLIOGRAPHY:- Orpen: "Rathgall, Co. Wicklow." [J.R.S.A.1. XLI 1911 (1912) Raftery: Pre-Mstoric Ireland. P .138-150 l. Macali·ster: The An:llaeology of Ireland. J.R.S.A.I.: Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lr~land. O'Riordain: Antiq~ities of the Irish Countryside. J.K.A.S.: Journal of the Kildare Archaeological Society. O'Rahilly: Early Irish History and Mythology. P.R.I.A.: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. FORTY-SIX r ~IHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHllllllll.!!i ~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ FRESH MILK, CREAM AND ;suTToNs ; EGGS CENTAUR STREET (NEAR TOWN HALL;) LOOK! LEIX NO PARKING PROBLEMS PLENTY OF C.AR SPACE FREE GIFI' SCHEME GOOD GOOD on our Quality Teas FOR DAIRY FOR SEE OUR WIN:DOWS FOR COUPON VALUE AND FOR OUR SPECIAL OFFERS CARLOW YOU for CASTLE ST. S SUTTONS Super Value Super Quality CARLOW STOP, SHOP AND SAVE AT SUTTONS In sunshine, snow, wind and ram, FOOD MARKET To serve you well is our aim. WE GIVE DELIV1ERY WITHIN THE ~ URBAN AREA ~ ffi1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ COULD WE PLEASE : C'ROFTON HOTEL, CARLOW Phone 288: A.A. & R.I.A.C. appointed Situated in its own grounds on the Athy Road ONE OF THE CROFTON GROUP Crofton Hotel, Dun Laoire. Phone 801791 Crofton Airport Hotel, Dublin. Phone 373473 Crofton Bray Head Hotel. Phone Bray 20 I I Crofton Holyrood Hotel. Phone Bray 862178 ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111n111111111111111111111111111111111111111111h'11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111Fr§ "!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!,s ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ j FOR BEST DRINKS j J. J. WALL I AND GROCERIES VISIT I * * * Proprietor: John McEvoy MOTOR GARAGE and * * * Comfortable Accommodation SERVICE STATION High-Class Catering. * * * Lunches, Dinners and Teas. Parties catered for on short Kilkenny Road notice. * * * = Carlow = Tullow St., Carlow l111111111111111111111111u1111111111u11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111i. fr1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111rr ;1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 NOLAN'S § Hughes Brotl1ers § CHEMISTS FOR ALL HIGH-CLASS Monumental Works PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS * * * Manufacturers of the highest grade medicines. Carlow All the leading Brands of Ethical Pro prietaries stocked. Local Agent for Helena Rubenstein's Famous Cosmetics. Sight * * * testing daily by fully qualified Opticians. Memorials erected in FILMS DEVELOPED AND PRINTED QUICK SERVICE .• BEST RESULTS Marble, Limestone * * * and Granite E. J. Nolan ~ * * * § M.P.S.I., F.B.O.A., Prop., ~ All work carried out under ~ I, DUBLIN ST., & I, CASTLE ST., I Personal Supervision I CARLOW Phone: 80 I Designs & Quotations on Request I ~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'lii f11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111i'F. :;211111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.!:: i Carlow's Leading Bakers I Willie Hosey and Confectioners 118 Tullow St. * * * Carlow Christmas Cakes a ~peciality Purest Ingredients only used * * * * * * Tailoring and Outfitting Men's Shoes DONNY'S CASTLE STREET * * :lr. HIGH-GRADE CLOTHES CARLO·W FOR MEN AND BOYS Phone 151 ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,mmrr Dail and t"arewell In the early days of the infant State small native industries sprang up to challenge the Cross-Channel giants. The glow of Nationalism did not, unfortunately, extend to supporting these courageous enterprises. Some went out of business: others merged with subsidiaries of the great cartels, and to-day are forgotten. When other traders held aloof, we, in our small way, did everything possible to promote the native product. One Irish firm persisted against all odds, and was helped enormously in this area by the personality of its representative. For over forty years he has served the tr ad~ here and his firm with zeal, boundless energy, and unfailing good-humour. Promoted now to executive rank, we regret the termination of this association, during which his firm has expanded enormously. If every Irish firm could have been served so loyally, our industries would have won the goodwill of traders and public alike. ~MURRAY'S, 25 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW ~ §11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m~ ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111§ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I HUGH LUPUS & co. I Motor and Cycle Dealers 19 DUBLIN STREET CARLOW * * * For Best Odds * * * and Best Service Dealer for RALEIGH CYCLES & MOPEDS * * * * * * 10 COALMARKET REPAIRS A SPECIALITY ACCUMULATORS CHARGED CARLOW * * * Phone Carlow 219 Oils, Greases & Spares in Stock 5i111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111iii: ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ §1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!§ !!JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!.: First-class Proficiency I FOR A REALL y BIG SELECTION OF I Diploma, Academy of G en t ' s Hairdressing, i HOUSEHOLD & NURSERY FURNI- i ,London, 1932 i TURE VISIT OUR LARGE STORE i FOR THAT I There you can walk around and ; EXTRA ~ see the many designs of Modern ~ SMART ~ Furniture. It's always a pleasure ~ CHRISTMAS § to help those either furnishing for ~ HAIRCUT the first time, or refurnishing. BURNS PLEASE ASK FOR ESTIMATES OF CARPETS AND VENETIAN BLINDS College Street CARLOW P. 6 M. DARCY Gent's Hair Stylist Drapers, House Furnishers § Goods = ~ Prize-winner Mallon ~ § Cup Hairdressing § 33/35 TUllOW STREET § Competition, Dublin, § = l~. § !1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111; ~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ r T I :!.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!: i1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111ig I = = I "ALWAYS ON TOP I I g .{pvely .{pungu I OF FASHION II = = =E E= = = You will find a marvellous selection of all the latest styles in:- I I COATS • GLOVES COSTUMES '' NYLONS ! ! FROCKS * UNDERCLOTHING * 5= = WATERPROOFS * HANDBAGS = = SKIRTS • SCARVES SLACKS * UMBRELLAS ; Finegan's I KNITWEAR STOLES = = BLOUSES '' EVENING FROCKS, &c. E E = = YOU'LL GET EXCLUSIVE STYLES = * = AND A BETTER SELECTION AT- §= =E § TULLOW STREET i §= §= The Modern =~ Carlow =~ = = Specialists in Ladies' Wear l,,1111111111:~1~,~~1:111:!,:~~::111,~~,:~~:11111111,J """'"'"'""'"'"'""'"""'"'"'"""'"'""""'"':,,~,:,,~,:11:11111,!,!,!"J 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ("'";:~:~~IIIIUl~:;111111:~;~;""""'I §BRADBURYS§ ~ ~ I , * * I § * § § * * § = Sole Carlow Agents for = § § = = § MURPHY AND PYE RADIO § ~ High-Class Confectioner ~ = Philips, Pilot, Bush Models = = = =§ also stocked §= ~ and Fancy Baker ~ ~ ~ 5 = = * * * = § § = = § * * * § = Efficient After Sales Service = 5 = = and Repairs to aU Makes = ~ § = = = Wedding and Christening Cakes = §= * * * ~= §= Servis and Electrolux Agent §= I a Speciality I E § E § ~ * * * ~ 5 5 =E * * * E= = = != GERALD KEHOE != ! TULLOW STREET ! ~ Radio and Electrical Service ~ ~ CARLO:WT.,,, ~ l,,,,,111,:,:,!""':~,~~~,:,.,~::,~11~,:~.::"'"'"''I ~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ ;g111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111u11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ "'"'""""'"'"'"';·~·~~;~;""'""""""""'""""I f ::.:~rs.D:J~;~~~~J:E~::enPl::: 142 TULLOW ST., CARLOW I I and no wonder! they are manufactured from Phone: Carlow 257 1st grade material and give 100 per cent. satisfaction" ALSO 34 MAIN ST., GOREY * * * 'The Thinking Man Smokes a Pipe' I Phone: Gorey 27 I * * * I * * ~ I For all Smokers' Requisites YOUR PORT OF CALL IS TRAVEL AGENTS CIGAR DIVAN World-wide Bookings by Air, Rail and Sea. Tours now a speciality. 50 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Estd. 78 years. Phone 189. * * * ~llllllllillllllllllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!iF.= = mm1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111rr gm1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111\§ = = § Michael Doyle § M. WHITE I= I= * * * M.P.S.1. ~s ~ ~ ~ § Grocery and Provisions § Veterinary & Dispensing Chemist General Hardware =~ =~ * * * =~ Coal Merchant =~ § ~ Sick Room Requisites I * * * I * * * ~ THE SHAMROCK ~ Photographic and Toilet Goods 71 TULLOW STREET I I * * * § CARLOW § <' i;; ; ., = = 39 TULLOW STREET §= Telephone Carlow 7 =§ = = § CARLOW § ~lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUUJUJUlllllllllllllllllllllllli ffilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllJIIJJJjllUIUIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJIIIIII~ ~lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllhlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!§ I BUILDERS I I CARLOW I TELEPHONE 78 ~ ~ ~ . ~ i <) ATHY i I TELEPHONE 17 I / I CONTRACTORS I =~ =~ ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m~ =lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllt':•, i ~ An Old Carlow Industry CARLO ORANGE CARLO LEMON LEMONADE LEMON MINERAL FLAVO~~~~ ~ DRY GINGER WATERS STONE BEER ALE GRAPE FRUIT TONIC WATER CIDERETTE Manufactured by COLA CORCORAN & CO. CASTLE ORANGE ORANGE CRUSH LIMITED CARLOW Established 1821 Phone 9 ~llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!F. " The Nationalist & Leinster Times " Carlow \