5392 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MaTch 5, 1975 be it antitrust or otherwise, have occurred and expressing deepest sympathy to his The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and may be continuing which would give any widow and family. further morning business? If not, morn­ persons or companies such control over the The following · is the text of a telegram above forms of energy as could require the the President sent to Mrs.·Egan: ing business is closed. consumers of this state -and nation to pay "Dear Mrs. Egan: . artificially high prices or become burdened "Mrs. Ford and I want you to know you PROGRAM with policies ap.d dealings which are void of have our deepest sympathy. The death of the public interest. your husband is as unjust as it is tragic. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President ,' Be it further resolved that a copy of this Words cannot capture the strain nor miti· the Senate convenes at 12 noon on resolution be forwarded to the President of gate the suffering you have undergone, but Thursday. The following Senators will the United States, to each member of the we ·want you to know that our hearts are be recognized, each for not to exceed 15 Congress of the United States and to the with you in this most difficult moment. minutes, and in the order listed: United States Attorney General. "Your- husband was highly esteemed in Cordoba. As U.S. Consular Agent there he Senator GARN, Senator THURMOND, served his country wen. His tragic, senseless Senator FANNIN, Senator LAXALT, Senator GUERILLAS MURDER MONTANAN death is mourned by all men of goodwill." HANSEN, Senator McCLURE, Senator SERVING IN ARGENTINA GERALD R. FORD. BucKLEY, Senator HELMs, Senator SCHWEICKER, Senator FORD. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, on FEBRUARY 28, 1975. There will then be routine morning Friday night we learned of the untimely STATE;.!ENT BY SECRETARY OF STATE HENRY A. business for not to exceed 15 minutes. and despicable murder of John Patrick . KISSINGER Senate will then resume consideration Egan, the U.S. consul in Cordoba, Argen­ It is with the utmost regret that we have of the Byrd substitute to Senate Resolu­ tina. Mr. Egan was murdered by a group learned of the murder of Consular Agent tion 4. Amendments will be in order. of guerrillas who refused to respond to John Patrick Egan at Cordoba in Argentina. Ro.llcall votes will undoubtedly occur. appeals of reason. The comrades they Mr. Egan met violent death at the hands On Friday, the cloture vote will occur of a group of terrorists, a senseless and sought in exchange were, according to all on Senate Resolution 4 as amended by sources, not under the control of the despicable crime which shocks the sensibili­ ties. of all civilized men. We are sure those the Byrd substitute. Rollcall votes are Argentinean Government. expected thereafter on amendments to As soon as we were informed of John responsible will be found and brought to justice. . the Byrd substitute. Egan's abduction by the guerrillas, the Mr. Egan was a loyal, dedicated citizen matter was taken up with the Depart­ who served his country · quietly and effec­ ment of State who immediately tively. He joins the ranks of loyal Ameri­ ADJOURNMENT embarked on an investigation. This cans who have laid down their lives in the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, senseless murder was totally out of the line of duty. This murder should again sig­ if there be no further business to come hands of both United States and Argen­ nal to the conununity of civilized nations before the Senate, I move, in accordance tine officials. This kind of international the necessity of concerted and firm action to combat the continuing menace of ter­ with the previous order, that the Senate violence is reprehensible, and will con­ rorism. stand in adjournment until the hour of tribute little to the advancement of any On behalf of my colleagues in the Depart­ 12 noon tomorrow. · · · political ideology. The entire Montana ment of State and the Foreign Service, Mrs. The motion was agreed to, and at 6:29 congressional delegation is incensed by Kissinger and I extend deepest sympathy to p.m. the Senate adjourned until tomor­ this display of paganism. Mrs. Egan and other members of the family row, Thursday, March 6, 1975, at ~2 noon. John Patrick Egan was a Montanan, on this loss to them and to ourselves. and his daughter, Mrs. Susan Sirokman, and brother, Eugene Egan, continue to MARcH 1, 1975. CONFIRMATIONS H.on. MIKE MANSFIELD, live in Valier, Mont. Mrs. Mansfield and U.S. Senate, Cannon House Office Building, Executive nominations confirmed by I have expressed our sense of horror and Washington, D.C. the Senate March 5, 1975: dismay to the family, and I take this op­ DEAR SENATOR: On behalf of the people and DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN portunity to publicly extend o~r qeepest the government of Argentina, I would like DEVELOPMENT sympathy in the family's houi· of son-ow · to express to you our sincere condolences for Carla Anderson Hills, of California, to be and tragedy. the passing of Honorary U.S. Consul John Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Patrick Egan. ment. sent that statements of sympathy on the I can assure you that this unjustifiable Thomas G. Cody, of Maryland, to be an event has shocked all of us ~nd has strength-. Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban death of John Egan by President Ford, ened our desire to continue the struggle Secretary Kissinger, and Ambassador against violence and those who practice it. Development. Alejandro Orfila be printed in the REc-. Mr. Egan gave his life in the fullfillment NEW COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ORB. of his professional duties through which he CORPORATION There being no objection, the state­ was strengthening the relations between the Otto George Stolz, of North Carolina, to be ments were ordered to be printed in the United States and Argentina, a common ob­ a member of the Board of Directors of the RECORD, as follows: jective of our people. New Community Development Cqrporation. THE WHITE HousE, Please accept, Senator Mansfield, the sor­ (The above nominations were approved March 1, 1975. row of the Argentine Nation for this ex­ subject to the nominees' conunitment to tremely tragic crime. respond to requests to appear and testify STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT Sincerely, before any duly constituted committee of The kidnapping and murder of U.S. Con­ ALEJANDRO 0RFILA, the Senate.) sular Agent John Patrick Egan by terrorists Ambassador. in Cordoba, Argentin_a is a vicious act which IN THE COAST GUARD will be condemned by men of decency and Coast Guard nominations beginning Rob­ honor everywhere. There can be no justlfi.. CONCLUSION OF MORNING ert E. West, to be captain, and ending cation for the wanton killing of an innocent BUSINESS . Thomas S. Latham, to be captain, which and defenseless person. Mr. Egan served his nominations were received by the Senate and country loyally and well. All Americans will Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, appeared in the Congressional Record on join in honoring the memory of Mr. Egan is there -further morning business? February 7, 1975.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE about "detente" and an easing of ten­ through the world commemorate the sions between East and West, the unfor­ 57th anniversary of the Declaration of tunate fact is that millions of men and Independence of Lithuania, whose his­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE women continue to live under Communist tory dates back to the 12th century. It is OF ILLINOIS tyranny and continue t.o see their own ·an irQny .indeed that. the only country IN THE HOUSE. OF REP~E1SENTA-r:IVES national ·Jife destroyed· by those who in which Lithuanians will be unable to have, since 1917, been practicing· a observe this event will be in Lithuania.it­ Wednesday, March 5, 1975 brutal and ruthless form of colonialism. self. Mr. CRANE. ~r. Spe~ker, at a time On Februa.ry 16, Americans of Lithu­ ·. It was in 1251 that Milldaugas the when we hear a great deal of discussion anian descent "together with Lithuanians Great unified the Lithuanian principali- Ma1·ch -5·, 1975 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5393 ties into one Kingdom. For the better on May 18, 1972, following the funeral during the twelve months beginning July 1, part of their history, the Lithuanians of a Lithuanian youth, Romas Kalanta, 1975-nearly $1 billion per day, seven days a week. But the budget provides that the fed­ have been subjected to brutal attacks, who had self-immolated in a public eral government will only collect enough from the Teutonic knights in the West square in Kaunas in a dramatic protest money from tax-payers to spend at that rate and from the Russians in the East. It against the Soviet occupation of his for six days. So instead of resting on the has taken remarkable spiritual and eth­ country. seventh day, we'll borrow $1 billion. nic strength to survive these pressures. As we commemorate this important And those figures are only budget figures. Many Americans have forgotten the anniversary today, our request should be The Congress has already indicated that it is history even of our own era. After the the same as that of these Lithuanian going to cut taxes more than President Ford proposed, and it is likely that spending will Nazis and Soviets destroyed Poland in patriots: that Lithuania be granted run higher than budget estimates. September 1939, the Kremlin moved independence. It is a request which all Because Uncle Sam has been running his · troops into the Baltic Republics and an­ Americans should share, particularly business like this all too often over the past nexed them in June 1940. Thus, the in­ those who are most vehement in their thirty years, the total federal debt outstand­ dependence of Lithuania was terminated denunciations of colonialism and impe­ ing will pass $600 billion in 1976. To pay the on June 15, 1940, when the Soviet Union rialism when they think that those com­ interest on that debt, it will take nearly $100 sent an army of occupation of 140,000 mitting such acts are on the political million each day next year-10 percent of men into that country. With the support total spending. The next $450 m1llion to be right. spent each day will cover welfare, social of the occupying force, the Soviets staged All those who deny man's freedom and _security, health care, and veterans benefits, mock elections, in which only one slate dignity, and .the right of peoples to self­ and another $300 million will go each day for of Moscow-sponsored candidates was al­ determination should be equally con­ defense, foreign aid, and space programs. The lowed, ~, nd through this subversion of the demned. We must not forget that it is remaining $150 million to t'1 spent daily will will of the people, for:mally annexed the Soviet Union which has perpetrated be stretched to cover all agricultural, trans· Lithuania. this new colonialism across ·the face of portation, housing, educational, law enforce­ The Lithuanian people have shown ment, and sewer and water programs, includ­ Eastern Ew·ope. ing revenue sharing. their hostility to Soviet rule, and have Lithuanian independence and freedom, If you're an average American, you prob­ paid a heavy price for such opposition. as well as the independence and freedom ably think you're paying too much tax. If On June 22, 1941, the Lithuanian people of other subjugated nations and peoples, you're an average American taxpayer, just revolted against the Soviet occupation must remain an important goal for all of what do you think your contdbution will do and control and proclaimed the reestab­ those in our own country who seek a in 1976? lishment of an independent state. This world at peace. The only peace which will Your total taxes will pay the interest on effort cost the Lithuanians almost 12,000 advance mankind is a peace based upon the debt for about three seconds. Big govern­ casualties. The Provisional Government, the respect for each man and nation to ment malres for little people. proclaimed by the leaders of the revolt, have an identity and a life of its own. was disbanded as Lithuania was occupied The kind of peace based upon subjuga­ by the German armies on the march into tion and sun·ender to tyranny is one · the Soviet Union. which honorable men can endorse only SOUND ADVICE FROM YESTER­ From 1945, when the Soviet Union re­ at the price of their own integrity. YEAR--THE PALEY COMMISSION imposed its rule, until approximately 1953 an armed patriotic resistance move­ ment waged a war against the Commu.:. HON. J. J.· PICKLE · nists with approximately 50,000 Lithu­ INSIGHT TO A BILLION OF TEXAS anian patriots losing their lives. The So­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viet leaders, in an effort to eliminate the HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Wednesday, March 5, 1975 national resistance, deported about every Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, 20 years sixth Lithuanian to the distant parts of OF vmGINIA ago a . Presidential Commission warned the Soviet Union or to concentration IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES camps, where a large number of them Americans what might happen to their died as a 1·esult of the harsh conditions, Wednesday, March 5, 1975 standard of living 25 years hence if no starvation, and executions. Trials of par­ Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ countervailing measures were taken, par­ tisans were held as late as 1955. dent, the Ame1ican Farm Bureau Feder­ ticularly as to an eventual shortage of Lithuania, together with the other ation is the largest organization of oil and gas. President Truman's Mate­ Baltic Republics, Latvia and Estonia, farmers in America. Their weekly Farm rials Policy Commission in 1954 warned represent a special example of Soviet Bureau News has important articles on that, in the land of plenty, the plenty colonialism. They have been physically farming in our Nation, and the February was giving out. annexed by the Soviet Union and for­ 17, 1975, edition carried a particularly The Paley Commission, as it came to cibly incorporated into its group of "so­ important editorial. be called, consisted of WilliamS. Paley, cialist republics." As far as the Commu­ The Farm Bureau News points out that George R. Brown, Arthur H. Bunker nists are concerned, these three coun­ the proposed billion-dollar-a-day budget Eric Hodgins, and Edward S. Mason: tries have ceased to exist as separate offered by President Ford for fiscal 1976 They sought to learn what the country's entities entitled to their own national is so large that few can comp1·ehend its basic resources were and how they were identity and independence. size. likely to be spent in years to come. During his trial Simas Kudirka, the The editorial dramatizes the magni­ There was no energy crisis then, but Lithuanian seaman turned back to the tude of the number, 1 billion. the Commission uncovered its roots. They warned that the United States was con-· Russians by th~ U.S. Coast Guard in a The editor of the Fa1m Bureau News is shocking reversal of America's humane Donald T. Donnelly. suming vast amounts of materials that treatment to all those seeking freedom, I ask unanimous consent that this ex­ in the future it would have to rely on declared that: cellent editol'ial be printed in the Exten­ harder-to-get--and therefore more ex­ I have nothing to add to what I have al­ sion of Remarks. pensive--ores, that interdependence was ready said; only one wish, more specifically There being no objection, the editorial a coming fact of life. And the Commis­ a request to the supreme court and the gov­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sion made many recommendations which· ernment of the Soviet Union: I ask that you as follows : are still valid today. grant my homeland, Lithuania, independ­ A recent pamphlet recounts what the ence. INSIGHT TO A Bn.LION Paley Commission said and I would like One billion seconds ago the Japanese The Soviet Union has been unable to bombed Pearl Harbor. to reprint it at this time in the RECORD. suppress the aspirations of the Lithua­ One billion minutes ago was a world forty SOUND ADVICE FROM YESTERYEAR . nian people for freedom and the exercise years after the death of Christ. One billion The voice and face were from television •s of their human rights. This was recently hours ago man had not set foot on the face past. The black-and-white image of Edward of the earth. One billion dollars ago was R. Murrow-leading commentator of the demonstrated by a petition to the United yesterday. Fifties-intoned electronic words recorded Nations, signed by 17,000 Lithuanian The budget of the United States for fiscal 20 years ago. His earnest manner, his careful Catholics, charging the Soviets with reli­ year 1976 recently sent to Congress by Prest• language, his personal trademark of a glowing gious persecution and by riots in Kaunas dent Ford calls for spending of $349.4 billion cigarette, seemed almost quaint to a viewer 5394 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975 accustomed to the candid brashness of con­ have to be found and mined, despite sharply need it no longer. We live on kilowatts of temporary TV reporters projected 1n vivid higher costs. Low grade ores, such as iron­ electricity that come from coal and petro­ color and stereophonic sound. bearing taconite, would have to serve as the leum and falling water. Still, even though we Yet Murrow's message, rebroadcast recently nation's primary source of metals, despite should not be misers, we must be prudent." by Columbia Broadcasting System, sounded the greater cost of processing them. Coonley cited examples of waste in the min­ strangely familiar. It was basically a matter of cost, they ing of coal, and in the production of oil and "There never was a nation that consumed said-the e¥penditure of labor and energy natural gas. "Now that gas costs more," he so much coal and steel and oil and copper and capital in producing a given amount of said, "we waste it less." And he added, "The and lumber and water and strange minerals materials and goods. With economic incen­ older we g1·ow, the more we must learn to and everything that comes out of the earth, tives, leaner and leaner ores might be em­ use, and the less we should have to discard." and at the same time, gave so little thought ployed. To supplement these, the commis­ Conservation was important, Murrow re­ to where it comes from," Murrow told hiS sioners recommended that scarce materials ported, because the commission's figures in­ viewers of 1954. And he added, "You may get be imported from other countries where costs dicated "mighty, mighty big" increases in the a jolt this evening to realize that although and prices might be more reasonable. amount of materials America would require America is the land of plenty, the plenty is Yet, Murrow found there was opposition in 1975. For example, the commission be­ giving out." to U.S. employment of foreign raw materials. lieved that industrial water needs might rise Someone viewing the CBS documentary in Spokesmen for organized labor feared the 170 percent, demand :for minerals might 1974 might readily conclude that he had loss of jobs in America if domestic mines, double, timber products need might grow 10 tuned in on a discussion of today's energy smelters, and refineries were eliminated in percent, all agricultural products could go up crisis and materials shortage. Yet, Murrow favor of those in foreign lands. 40 percent. Demand for energy of all kinds took his text from a remarkable document Also, leaders of foreign countries resisted would soar, they said, with consumption of published in 1952 under the title, "Resources the intrusion of Americans seeking new liquid fuels doubling and of electricity tri­ for Freedom." This five-volume work of sources of raw materials. "The East as a pling. Assuring such energy supplies was President Truman's Materials Policy Com­ whole is suspicious of the West," said India's vital. "If materials are the egg," Murrow said, mission warned Americans what might hap­ Madame Pandit. "Many countries in Asia and "energy is the hen." pen to their material standard of living 25 in Africa are fearful of economic exploita­ Better development of coal reserves was years hence if no countervailing measures tion by the U.S.A." called for. Labor leader John L. Lewis told were undertaken. Turning to an economist and member of viewers, "By 1975, coal will again be power­ · True, there was no en~rgy crisis then. But the commission, Murrow inquired of Dr. ing railroads, and probably millions of auto­ the Paley Commission, as it came to be called, Mason, "What would you say about how the mobiles ... not as a solid, but as a liquid uncovered its roots. Chairman William S. u.s. and the rest of the free world can best synthetic fuel." Paley, along with fellow commiSsioners cooperate to solve their materials problems?" But this would clearly require technology George R. Brown, Arthur H. Bunker, Eric "There is no such thing as an absolute and especially more research, a thought sec­ Hodgins, and Edward S. Mason, sought to shortage of material," he answered. "There onded by famed scientist Dr. Vannevar Bush, learn what the country's basic resources were is enough to go around, both now and 25 who urged young people to seek careers in and how they were likely to be spent in years years from now. But the stuff is geographi­ engineering and science. "Scientists and to come. After taking stock of America's cally so distributed that no one country can engineers are scarce," Bush said. "They will natural riches, the commission concluded: go it on its own." Interdependence is not always be scarce because there is so much for The country was no longer self-sufficient in just a fancy idea, Dr. Mason believed. "It's science and engineering to do. This problem the raw materials needed for life and growth. one of the hard facts of life. Take our own of producing new materials, adapting old Moreover, a developing shortage of materials, position. For some time now, we have not ones, finding better ways . . . is so impor­ including energy, might over the next quar­ been able to meet our own requirements tant that it warrants the finest scientists and ter-century bring about an economic crisis from our own resources. We have been de­ the best engineers this country can muster." and a dangerous dependency on foreign pendent on exports from other countries, and "You see," said Murrow, "the materials sources of supply. the chances are, that we are going to be­ problem has another problem inside it--the "Demand," Murrow explained on their be­ come increasingly dependent as our demand manpower problem." And he called upon half, "is growing, but supply is shrinking." increases. That is true of even such a basic Commissioner Eric Hodgins to comment. Trouble lay ahead, their conclusions indi­ resource as energy." "For the world's most highly industrial­ cated, unless we as a nation did something "Energy?" Murrow asked. "Since when has ized nation," Hodgins observed, "the United to control waste and assure further develop­ energy been a material? The answer is, we States has a remarkably small working force ment of domestic supplies. get energy from material and material from of researchers, some 76,000 scientists, 59,000 The Paley Commission prophesied well. energy. We produce energy from burning up engineers. If all our industries were as pro­ America did not act in the Fifties to protect coal and oil and natural gas and from fall­ gressive as the chemical industry or the oil its long-term matel'ial interests. Now, in the ing water. This gives us power to dig with industry, there might be ten times that num­ Seventies, the "plenty" threatens to give out, great shovels, move millions of tons of earth, ber that work on research. But they aren't." but only recently have plans and policies Hodgins said it was high time the country and melt out metals from their ores." Mur­ developed a "consciously designed, broad­ been put forward. row turned then to another member of the Where might this leave us? In 1954, Mur­ gauge research program to meet the mate­ commission, George Brown, for comment. rials and energy problem on all fronts." row turned to America's most respected elder "For 50 years," said Brown, "we have had, statesman, Bernard Baruch, for guidance. Murrow summed it up. "We have great and have used, more energy than any na­ wealth and great talent and great willing­ His words have the ring of good common tion on earth. This is one of the factors that sense today. ness. But these all must be harnessed to­ have made us what we are today. But the gether if we are to cope with this great prob­ "In the next 25 years," Baruch estimated, demands for our goods and services are "the population of this country will be about lem." He then cited the Materials Polley climbing so rapidly that we will have to Commission's recommendations to guard 200 million, one third bigger than it is now. increase the output of our total energy 100 That means more goods, more services . . • America's materials posdtion. percent in the next 25 years. How? The an­ "Recommended: Take a minerals census Do we have, or can we get, these vast sup­ swer could be in the practical application of plies? The answer is yes, because it must be every five years. Speed up geological map­ atomic energy and solar energy. But it is ping. Step up and improve exploration pro­ yes," he said. too early to estimate the contributions from The commissioners pointed out that in grams. Give better financial aid to small these sources. For quite a while, we will have miners and to prospectors seeking strategic 1954, the average American consumed goods to rely on so-called conventional sources ... and materials weighing a total of 18 tons. ores. first, petroleum from new and previous!~ "There's no consumption like it anywhere in "Recommended: Open up federally owned untapped fields." timberlands by building 6,000 miles of access the world," Murrow said. "The United States New oil fields would help, but the commis­ has only 10 percent of the world's popula­ roads. Stop destructive timber cutting on sioners suggested that Americans also learn private land. Create a national system of for­ tion, but we chew up half the free world's to "use things better and waste things less." raw materials. On an average, we use six est credit and forest insurance. Step up fire For advice, Mu.rrow turned to Howard Coon­ protection. times more of them than we did when this ley, whose wartime work in materials con­ century was beginning ... all the way from "Recommended: Make new agreements servation had given him special insight into with friendly resources countries that will six times more copper to 30 times more crude this area. encourage and protect U.S. Investment. Ex· oil. In the lifetime of a young man or woman "This problem of waste is complex," said pand technical aid to underdeveloped coun­ 35 years old, the United States alone has Coonley. "Nobody spends a dime to recover tries who want to sell us materials we need. used up more minerals than the entire world a penny, nor should he. But it indicates that Get rid of tariffs that keep out of our coun­ did from the dawn of history down to World some waste is unavoidable. And it makes no try materials we need. War I." sense to hoard materials in the thought that "Recommended: Make a thorough study on Exploring the growing shortage of min­ tomorrow they will be more scarce, because how to advance our coal technology most erals, Murrow questioned mining engineers we'd find that we'd made a bad mistake. If rapidly. Develop our water power potential who reported that most of the nation's easily our ancestors, who lived by lamplight, had to the fullest. Encourage government and in­ found ore bodies had been discovered, and hoarded their whale oil in order to give it to dustry cooperation to develop commercial were well on their way toward depletion. us, their great-great-grandchildren, we'd electrical power from atomic energy. Allow Deeply buried ore deposits, they said, would probably have given them little thanks. we the National Science Foundation to sponsor March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS -OF REMARKS 5395 some of the basic research we are falling that the standard of living could reach its Union Message and his economic and energy behind on. present high levels. We believe in a minimum proposals? "Recommended: Use military materials of interference with these patterns of private [Percent] more efficiently. Review current policies for enterprise. But to believe in a minimum of conserving scarce materials and to increase interference is not to believe that this Inini­ Strongly approve______9 that recovery. Keep on stockpiling strategic mum must be set at zero. Private enterprise Mostly approve______40 and critical materials." itself has from time to time asked for help, Mostly disapprove______33 Said Chairman Paley: or restraints, or counterpoises from Govern· Strongly disapprove______18 "Our commission came up with some so­ ment to keep the system working at its best; 2. Energy and pollution. President Ford bering facts which translate into some sober­ for this reason, among others, we have ex­ proposed that we turn to alternate sources ing problems. If we are watchful and alert, perienced for a long time a Inixture of pri­ o! energy to help relieve the energy crisis. we can meet these facts and we can solve vate and public influences on the function­ These alternatives include requiring electric these problems. The only cause for alarm ing of our economy. The Commission sees no utilities now burning oil and natural gas to would be if we closed our eyes to the threat reason either to blink this fact or to decry it; convert to coal, a less clean fuel, and modi­ of creeping scarcities and higher costs and as we see the future, the coexistence of great fying or deferring industrial and automotive pretended that somehow the materials prob­ private and public strength is not only de­ pollution .standards for five years. Should lem would blow over. It won't." sirable but essential to our preservation." we suspend or reduce health-related pollu­ In 1974, do we find the problem has blown tion standards as proposed? over? Was the commission wrong in its con­ Yes, 61%; No, 39%. cern? No. The problem remains, and in fact, 3. Oil Conservation. (a) The President's worsens. Where in 1952 the average American CONSTITUENTS' · REACTION TO goal is to cut oil imports by 2,00,000 barrels used 18 tons of assorted goods per year, he STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE a. day by 1977, to reduce our dependence on was by 1974 using 22 tons. Mineral and en­ Arab oil. Obviously, considerable sacrifices ergy reserves continue to fall, and depend­ wlll have to be made to do this. In prhlci­ ency on foreign sources of supply continues ple, do you support this goal? to climb. The commissioners erred only in HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III Yes, 84%; No, 16%. underestimating the size of the future's ap­ OF PENNSYLVANIA (b) The President's own plan is likely to petite. For example, instead of doubling, de­ result in increased costs and taxes on all mand for liquid fuels tripled. Instead of trip· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gasoline, oil, and petroleum products, but it ling, demand for electrical power has in· Wednesday, March 5, 1975 avoids rationing, the main alternative. What creased five times. The commissioners were conservation plan do you prefer? about right in their estimates on demand Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ growth for timber products, agricultural ary 15 President Ford delivered the state [Percent] products, and minerals. of the Union message, setting forth new Prefer President Ford's pla.n______27 The country's resources remain the same, directions for America to take in the Prefer rationing______37 but more people use them. Bernard Baruch's problem areas of energy and economy. Prefer a. much higher tax on gasoline 1954 estimate of a 200 million population in only ------11 25 years was surpassed in 1968, and is esti­ To determine the reaction of my con­ Prefer combination of rationing and mated in 1974 at 210 million. stituents in the 18th Congressional Dis­ taxes ------25 Despite Howard Coonley's urging, our en­ trict of Pennsylvania, on February 1 ergy deficiency ratio continues to worsen; I mailed a questionnaire, addressed to 4. Oil Prices. To stimulate domestic pro­ over half the fuel we burn performs no use­ every household in my dist:a."ict, asking duction and to reduce demand and imports, ful work. Murrow's energy hen has had to President Ford plans to decontrol the price grow to ostrich size in order to hatch a big­ the people how they feel about the key of domestic oil on April 1. A windfall profits ger materials egg. elements of the President's plans. tax will be part of this plan, but the cost o! John L. Lewis called bravely for better I have received replies from more than gasoline, heating oil, electlicity, and other uses of coal, but his predictions were opti­ 30,000 persons. While their reaction is items is sure to go up. Do you favor or op­ mistic. Coal still powers no automobiles nor mixed, they indicate that the people pose this plan? locomotives with liquid synthetic fuel, de• favor our achieving oil independence and · Favor, 38%; Oppose, 62%. spite the effort of researchers to create proc­ favor giving a larger share of the income 5. Tax Rebate. President Ford's plan calls esses that would be economically, as well as for a 1975 tax cut of $16 blllion. Three-quar­ technologically, acceptable. tax rebate and energy tax income to low­ ters of this is earmarked for individuals, giv­ Vannevar Bush would not be sm·prised to and middle-income families. They op­ ing most people a cash refund of 12 percent learn that scientists and engineers are stlll pose giving $80 to people who pay no tax, of their 1974 tax bill, up to $1,000 each. The in great demand, and that challenging op­ however. They support mass transit, balance would be used for increasing the in­ portunities still abound in science and in­ housing and · construction, end health vestment tax credit. How would you divide dustry. He might be startled to learn, programs, but oppose foreign aid, farm the $16 billion tax cut? (Can check more though, that the nation now counts 1.3 mil­ subsidies, and defense cost increases. A than one) lion engineers and chemists and 178,000 [Percent] scientists. large majority said they would accept a And doubtless, Eric Hodgins would lament 5 percent limit on their salaries, if it I agree with President Ford's division of that the country is only now beginning to would help :fight inflation. Many added the rebate______21 develop a. broad-gauge research program to I would give less to low and Iniddle-in­ the proviso, however, that a limit must come persons______1 meet the energy problem on all fronts, de­ be fairly applied to everyone. spite the commission's warning that a crisis President Ford's plan to decontrol the I would give more to low and Iniddle­ in supply would inevitably occur. income persons______51 "Twenty years ago," said CBS commentator price of domestic oil on April 1 was op­ I would give more to business and less to John Hart, in bringing the 1974 rebroadcast posed by most who replied to the ques­ individuals ------3 to a. close, "we saw resources as an American tionnaire. While the President's plans, I would give less to business and more to problem. Now we can see that the whole both economic and energy, received the individuals ------24 world is in this same pantry, all elbows. And general approval of nearly hall of those 6. Spending the energy tax: The Presi.. the United States--still without a coherent replying, rationing seems to be preferred plan for the future--has no model to offer." dent's proposals include using $27 billion to increased costs on all gasoline, oil, from the additional taxes on energy as indi­ PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IS BEST ECONOMIC SYSTEM, and petroleum products, and most people cated below. How would you like to see it COMMISSIONERS BELIEVED seem to disagree with the President's divided up? Indicate more, less, or the same. Members of the Paley Commission recom­ ideas on spending the energy tax. mended the American system of private en­ The result,s of such questionnaires are [In percent) terprise as the best means of achieving na­ tional materials supply goals. In a summary far from scientific, of course, but I be­ lieve it is important t:r_at I-or any of "Fundamental Concepts," the cominis­ More Less Same sloners stated: elected omcial-have an idea of how our "We believe in private enterprise as the constituents are thinking. In order to most efficacious way of performing industrial provide some insight into the way citi­ $1€,500,000,000 to reduce the in- dividual income tax ______53 12 35 tasks in the United States. With this belief, zens of Allegheny County, Pa., feel about $2,000,000,000 to local and State in governments ______a. belief the spur of the profit motive and our energy and economy proposals, I 16 39 45 what is called "the price system" obviously $2,000,000,000 to pay $80 each to goes hand In hand. This method, motive, and insert the text of the questionnaire and adults who pay no tax ______14 54 32 system have served uniquely well in America. its results at this point in the RECORD: $6,000,000,000 to reduce the cor- porate tax rate to 43 percent_ ____ 12 51 37 They have brought us to a commanding in­ QUESTIONNAIRE $500,000,000 to allow a tax credit dustrial position, promoting growth and 1. The President's Plan. In general, how do up to $150 for home insulation keeping the basic costs of production low so you feel about President Ford's State of the equipment_ _------28 32 40 53~G EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975

7. Spending priorities: To keep down Fed­ UNSELFISHNESS TAXES: THE LARGEST INCREASE eral spending, President Ford wants to delay It wasn't just because he had a warm and new spending programs and hold the line on disarming manner, but because he possessed present programs, except for energy and de­ a creed that if it wasn't good for agriculture, HON. PHILIP M. CRANE fense, for one year. Should the Federal Gov­ he saw through it for what it was and never OF ILLINOIS ernment spend more, less or the same hesitated to tell it the way he saw it, regard­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amount on these programs: less of the consequences. · Many of us sought his advice and counsel, Wednesday, March 5, 1975 lin percent which he gave freely. His wide experience in Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the Ameri­ agricultural matters, travel and affairs of can people are told to tighten their More Less Same state was a well that ran deep and one from which he always let us drink. I admired his belts during the current period of in­ flation and recession. Unfortunately, the Defen se_ __ ------______13 58 29 unselfishness. Housing and construction ______47 25 28 Working with Rex on literally dozens of very men giving them this advice-gov­ Public service jobs______33 44 23 committees and special projects from agri­ ernment officials and administrators­ Health. including national insurance _ 43 33 24 cultural education to a Crusade for Cancer, Farm subsidies ______------__ ___ - 14 68 18 seem unwilling to do the same. E.nvironment/conservation ______37 30 33 you always knew he was in it to give his all. An interesting example is provided by Education ______------36 29 35 It would be hard to say whether he adopted the Department of Transportation. Foreign aid ______------1 90 9 those groups and individuals with whom he Welfare ______------15 54 31 Thus, while the Department of Trans­ Mass transit______took great pleasure in worl\:ing or whether 50 19 31 t · ey adopted him. portation tells the average citizen that he should conserve energy, form car­ UPHELD PRINCIPLES pools and use public transit facilities­ 8. Cost of living limits. Also to hold down They gave him their top awards and Federal spending, President Ford wants to honors because they liked the way he up­ exactly the opposite policy is pursued by limit to 5 percent any cost-of-living increases held the principles of ethics in . journalism Government itself. Approximately 15,000 in such programs as Social Security pay­ and always set a good example to his peers. Federal employees get free or cutrate ments, Civil Service and military retirement It was well known that by following these parking space near their offices, even pay, food stamps, and Civil Service salaries. principles himself, he was able to open doors (a) Assuming that inflation continues at though a Transportation Department which might otherwise have been shut. study 2 years ago estimated that such or near the double-digit percentage rate, how His writing was a joy to read. That's be­ do you feel about setting a 5 percent limit parking arrangements cost taxpayers cause he spoke when he wrote. He never about $11 million a year. Surprisingly, on: found it h ard to write what came naturally [In percentj and his columns never lacked warmth. His the Transportation Department itself lines planted the seed of friendship that grew provides its employees with subsidized For Oppose week by week and year by year even to those indoor parking for $6.60 a month, com­ limit limit readers who never met him. pared with nearby commercial rates of Upon his retirement from active newswrit­ approximately $45. Social security _____ ---- ___ __- - _____ --- 41 59 ing a few years back, I was chosen to act as This, of course, is only one brief ex­ Civil service/military retirement pay ___ __ 79 21 master of ceremonies for a "'This is Your ample of the extravagance of Govern­ Food stamps __ ------__------66 34 Life" program that brought out hundreds of Civil service salaries ______80 20 his friends to pay him tribute. I've always ment. The important fact for Americans been happy I had that privilege. to remember is that while food prices (b) Would you favor a 5 percent limit on A devoted family man, I never tired of rose 11.9 percent in the past year and increases in each of the above programs and hearing of the accomplishments of his the cost of housing increased 13.5 per­ on your own salary if it would help fight talented family and sharing the experiences cent, personal income and social security inflation? of he and hie; lovely wife, Helena. taxes rose twice as fast. Favor, 79 %; Oppose 21 % . Men like Rex were the heartbeat of the A recent report issued by the Joint people themselves. We all are richer for Economic Committee of the Congress having known him, and to say he will be missed is the understatement of our time. showed that- B oB NANCE. For the family at the intermediate income REX CONN C ED R RAPIDS, IOWA. level of $14,466, social security taxes rose 21.6 percent in 1974 ... Personal income taxes rose even more-by 26.5 percent. HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN Discussing the meaning of these fig­ OF IOWA BILL INTRODUCED TO CONVEY CER­ ures, columnist George Will notes that- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TAIN LANDS TO NOME, ALASKA When _a virulent inflation accompanies re­ Wednesday, March 5, 1975 cession, the tax system reinforces rather than counters the downward recessionary trend. Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to­ HON. DON YOUNG The tax bite grows, cutting real disposable income just when the economy needs the day to insert a letter which was pub­ OF ALASKA lished in a recent edition of the Cedar stimulation of consumer C:.emand. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rapids, Iowa, Gazette, which I think de­ Mr. Will concludes that- serves the recognition and attention of Wednesday, March 5, 1975 Government is a font from which bless­ my colleagues in the House. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, hlgs-like rebates of our own money-flow. The letter pays tribute to one of the today I am introducing a bill to authorize Inflation, too, flows from government. Gov­ pioneers in farm broadcasting, Mr. Rex the Department of the Army to convey a ernment giveth and government taketh Conn, who recently passed away, and I away, and it does a lot more of the latter certain 5.45 acres, more or less, of land than the former. believe it is a better tribute to his mem­ back to the city of Nome, Alaska, for $1. ory than anything which I might say. Mr. Speaker, I insert the text of mY The only answer to our economic prob­ The letter, from the February 12, 1975, bill to be printed in the RECORD: lems is a dramatic cut in Government issue of the Gazette, follows H.R. 4343 deficit spending and in the accompany­ TRmUTE To REx A bill requiring the Secretary of Defense to ing artificial increase in the supply of Last week the profession of agricultural convey certain lands to Nome, Alaska money. The largest increase Americans communications lost a man who stood tall Be it enacted by the Senate and House of have had to face in the past year has among us. He was the most genuine apostle Representatives of the United States of . been an increase in their taxes, not to of faith in farming I have ever met. His name America in Congress assembled, That the mention the hidden tax of inflation was Rex Conn, and I was proud to know him. Secretary of Defense shall convey, by deed or which government also inflicts upon As a farm broadcaster for over a quarter other appropriate instrument, all right, title, them. of a century, it was my pleasure to work and interest of the United States in and to I wish to share the column, "The Larg­ alongside this fine gentleman for 20 of tl;10se lots 4 through 15 in block 67; lots 6 thro~gh est Increase: Taxes," by George Will, years. Covering much the same agricultural 12 in block 8; and lots 7 through 12 in block which appeared in the February 14, 1975 "beat" in Eastern Iowa, we shared plane and 89, located in Nome, Alaska, to the city of auto rides, notes, pictures and even news Nome, Alaska, upon the payment of $1 by issue of The Washington Post with my stories, even though we worked for com­ the city of Nome, Alaska, to the Secretary colleagues, and insert it into the RECORD peting news media. of Defense. at this time: March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5397

THE LARGEST INCREASE: TAXES Remember that the family the Humphrey Even if black colleges had the funding to (By George F. Will) report describes as "as the intermediate implement such tactics, and even if these budget level" paid $426 more in federal, state efforts were successful, no substantial reve­ Hubert Humphrey is amazed. Releasing a and local income taxes in 1974 than in 1973. nue would accrue. More students may apply, report on "Inflation and the Consumer in Its rebate may be a quarter of that sum. but the majority would stili need consider­ 1974," he exclaims: "Amazingly, the biggest And remember the family that earned able financial aid. increases in the middle-income family's $13,000 in 1973 and $14,040 in 1974. Perhaps Almost any discussion about how the eco­ budget resulted from higher social security they will get a rebate of $149.20, which would nomic ills affect black colleges produces the and income tax payments." be one-tenth of the $1,492 they, in effect, inevitable question from at least one skeptic, The report was prepared by the staff of lost in real disposable income between 1973 "But do black colleges deserve to survive?" the Joint Economic Committee of Congress, and 1974. or "Is it worthwhile to save these colleges?" of which Humphrey is chairman. The report Government is a font from which bless­ The answer is yes. Black colleges merit the obviously comes as a startling intrusion of ings-like rebates of our own money-flow. right to exist IF they provide their students the outer world on the inner peace of Hum­ Inflation, too, flows !rom government. with a quality education. The point, is, why phrey. It says: Government giveth and government must black colleges always defend their right "While food prices rose 11.9 per cent, hous­ taketh away, and its does a lot more of the to exist? ing 13.5 per cent and transportation 14.3 latter than of the former. So Humphrey In the spring of 1974, Central State Uni­ per cent, personal income and social secu­ should not be amazed if the public, once versity in Ohio was nearly flatten~d by a rity taxes rose twice as fast. For the family it has those rebate checks in hand, still feels tornado. Members of the Ohio legislature at the intermediate income level of $14,466, filleted. questioned the feasibility of releasing funds social security taxes rose 21.6 per cent in toward the reconstruction of the predomi­ 1974, from $647 in 1973 to $787 in 1974. Per­ nantly black institution. Had such misfor­ sonal income taxes rose even more--by 26.5 tune befallen a comparable white institu­ per cent. The family at the intermediate BLACK COLLEGES SUFFER EFFECTS tion, I have no doubt that construction crews budget level would pay $2,033 in federal, state OF ECONOMIC CRISIS would have immediately been dispatched to and local income taxes in 1974 compared to start rebuilding. · only $1,607 in 1973-an increase of $426- "Merger" has recently become a threaten­ even though its real stand·ard of living re­ HON. LOUIS STOKES ing word to black college administrators. The mained the same." OF OHIO predominantly black Arkansas AM&N College The less wealthy you are, the more infla­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES is no longer autonomous, but has been tion hurts your tax position by devaluing merged with -the University of Arkansas. the standard deduction and exemptions. The Wednesday, March 5, 1975 Plans of similar mergers are already under report gives this example: Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, the very discussion for several other public colleges. "An average four-person family with an existence of our Nation's black institu­ If public and private black colleges are not income of $13,000 in 1973 took the standard given the necessary financial and moral sup­ deduction and paid $1,891 in federal income tions of higher education is threatened port, our society will lose an irreplaceable taxes. Its disposable, after-tax income was in these times of national economic dis­ asset. Book learning is only a part of the $11,609. Let us assume that this family's in­ location. In order to better inform my whole education process. Black colleges offer come rose 8 per cent in 1974 (per capita per­ colleagues of the extent and scope of this motivation, consciousness, character-build­ sonal income rose 8.3 per cent from third impending crisis for black colleges and ing, and perhaps most important, a positive quarter 1973 to third quarter 1974) to $14,- universities, I submit the following ar­ image of blackn-!ss, an image which a young 040. This family would be liable !or $1,609 ticle by Dr. Hugh M. Gloster, president black student does not often find in the in federal income taxes and its after-tax larger society. income would be $12,431. This means that of Morehouse College, which appeared The first black colleges educated ex-slaves, family's after-tax income in dollar terms has in the February 25, 1975 editi.on of the and the task was formidable. Today, black risen by 7 per cent. The higher taxes that Boston Evening Globe: colleges educate the sons and daughters of . resulted from the diminished value of the ECONOMIC BURDEN FOR BLACK COLLEGES ex-slaves, and the task is no less awesome. standard deduction and the exemption ac­ (By Hugh M. Gloster) We must not allow national economic ail­ ments or rationales of any type to interfere tually increased the tax burden on this fam­ Today's economy is disheartening for just ily from 10.7 per cent of income to 11.5 per about every segment of our society, but espe­ with the significant work of black colleges. cent. cially for the nation's black colleges, the "In real terms, of course, this family's majority of which have perennially strug­ real after-tax income has fallen as a result gled for basic survival. of higher taxes and tnfiation. Measured in The dual forces of recession and inflation LEGISLATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF­ 1973 dollars, its 1974 disposable income of have severely aggravated ·the already pre­ $12,431 is actually worth only $10,939. There­ carious condition of many of these colleges. FICE AND THE CONGRESSIONAL fore, even though the family's income rose Unfortunately, most parents of students in BUDGET OFFICE by 8 per cent during 1974, its purchasing black colleges do not possess the resources power has dropped 6 per cent. themselves to significantly influence this "Even if this family's income had risen state of affairs. Increases in tuition, no mat­ HON.- JOHN B. ANDERSON by the rate of inflation, 12 per cent, its after­ ter how slight or justified, still place an ad­ tax purchasing power would have declined ditional and sometimes intolerable burden OF n.LINOIS 3 per cent from 1973 to 1974." on many parents. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The perverse effect of inflation on the Of course, few parents of college students Wednesday, March 5, 1975 tax system is responsible for this American pay the entire cost of tuition and other ex­ "first": We are in the first recession in which penses. This would be impossible, partic­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ the overall tax burden on individuals and ularly when, as at Morehouse College in At­ er, I am today introducing an amend­ families has increased. lanta, more than half of the students come In a normal recession-economic decline ment to the Congressional Budget and from families earn,ing less than $7500 per Impoundment Control Act of 1974 which Without inflation-the tax system operates, year. Nearly 70 percent of the 1275 students at least a little bit, as a counter-cyclical de­ receive financial aid, whether through a would incorporate the Legislative Classi­ vice. As income's decline, the tax bite be­ scholarship, grant, loan, campus job or any fication Office established by the so­ comes smaller. combination of these. Luckily, financial as­ called Hansen amendments (H. Res. 988) But when a virulent inflat!i.on accompanies sistance at Morehouse has increased. But in the new Congressional Budget Office. recession, the tax system reinforces rather any increases to students are negligible, By way of background, the original than counters the downward recessionary since more and more students need addi­ Bolling Select Committee on Committees· trend. The tax bite grows, cutting real dis­ tional aid in order to compensate for what posable income just when the economy needs had recommended the establishment in their parents simply cannot afford. the House of a Legislative Classification the stimulation of consumer demand. Recently, I read with interest in an edu­ So while waiting for the mailman to b1'\lng cational journal that several colleges have Office for the purpose of creating a cross­ your tax rebate check this spring, ponder initiated slick recruitment programs with a referencing capability linking Federal ~e examples cited above. view toward increasing enrollment and there­ programs and expenditures to their au­ The House Ways and Means Committee by combating mounting financial pressure. thorization statutes and committee favors rebates ranging from about $100 to Colleges have employed such techniques as jurisdictions. In arguing for this system, a maximum of $200. That news must have massive direct-mail and telephone cam­ the Bolling report noted that- been received with, shall we say, muted paigns, radio and television advertisements, jubilation by the family that ln 1974 earned Actual jurisdiction by committees over nonrestrictive distribution of brochures and legislation is not clear, and oversight assign­ $14,466 and paid an extra $140 just in social catalogues, and hiring of free-lance salesmen ment responsibility over enacted programs security taxes. and professional management consUltants. is difficult. 5398 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS- March 5, 1975 1Mhe report goes on to read: GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS GEN­ now require private firms to devote addi­ The simple tracing of a program to learn ERATE MORE INFLATION tional resources to that purpose. Rather than what happened after its enactment, its ap­ have the federal government spend large propriation, agency funding, and unexpended sums to eliminate traffic hazards, we requir e motorists to purchase vehicles equipped with balances is very difficult. HON. DEL CLAWSON various safety features that increase the sell- The proposed legislative classification OF CALIFORNIA ing price. ' system was thus aimed at alleviating IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At first blush, government imposition of these problems. socially desirable requirements on business My bill would simply eliminate the Wednesday, March 5, 1975 appears to be an inexpensive way of achiev­ need for a separate House office of this Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, an ing national objectives: it costs the govern­ nature by folcling the classification sys­ ment nothing and therefore is no burden editorial column in this morning's Wash­ on the taxpayer. But, on reflection, it can tem into the duties of the new Congres­ ington Post raises a number of questions be seen that the public does not escape pay­ sional Budget Office which not only which, unfortunately, the American peo­ ing the cost. For example, every time that serves both the House and Senate budget ple have not had the opportunity to the Occupational Safety and Health Admin- . committees, but the authorizing and ap­ answer. The Federal Government in its istration imposes a more costly, albeit safer, propriations committees of both Houses omniscience has both asked and an­ method of production, the cost of the re­ as well. The classification system is per­ swered the questions too often. I would sultant product will necessarily tend to rise. fectly consistent with the existing re­ quarrel with the statement that "the E very time that the Consumer Safety Com­ sponsibilities of the Congressional Budget mission imposes a standard which is more point being made here is a modest one costly to attain, some product costs will Office which is to supply the information that a given regulatory activity generates tend to rise. The same holds true for the needs of other congressional committees costs as well as benefits." I believe it is activities of the Environmental Protection as well as individual members, to the ex­ not modest, but highly significant in re­ Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, tent possible. At this point in the RECORD , lation to the inflationary spiral we are and so forth. Mr. Speaker, I include the full text of my supposedly fighting and to an under­ The point being made here should not proposed bill and commend it to my col­ standing of just how far we have come be misunderstood. What is at issue is not leagues' attention: the worth of the objectives of these agen­ along the road to domination of the in­ cies. Rather, it is that the public does not H .R. 4272 dividual by "big brother" government. I get a "free lunch" by imposing public re­ A bill to amend the Congressional Budget commend the editorial by Murray L. quirements on private industry. Although and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 by Weidenbaum to the attention of my col­ the costs of government regulation are not establishing a Legislative Classification leagues. borne by the taxpayer directly, in large meas­ System within the Congressional Budget GOVERNMEN T REGULATIONS: THE INFL ATION­ ure they show up in higher prices of the Office ARY COSTS goods and services that consumers buy. These higher prices, we need to recognize, represent Be it enacted by the Senate and House of (By Murray L. Weidenbaum) the "hidden tax" which is shifted from the Representatives of the United States of (NoTE.- Mr. Weidenbaum, director of the taxpayer to the consumer. Moreover, to the America in Congress assembled, That section Center for the Study of American Business extent that government-mandated require­ 202 of the Congressional Budget and Im­ at Washington University, St. Louis, was an ments impose similar costs on all price cate­ poundment Control Act of 1974 is amended assistant Secretary of the Treasury from gories of a given product (say, automobiles), by redesignating subsections (d) through 1969 to 1971. This article is adapted from this hidden tax will tend to be more regres­ (g) as subsections (e) through (h) , respec­ "Government-Mandated Price Jncreases," sive than the federal income tax. That is, tively, and by inserting after subsection (c) permission and copyright by the American the costs may be a higher relative bur<.len the following new subsection: Enterprise for Public Policy Research, Wash­ on lower income groups than on higher in­ . " (d) Legislative Classification System.­ ington, D .C.) come groups. The Director shall establish with the Office As the American public is learning to its Government regulation is an accepted a Legislative Classification System for the dismay, there are m any ways in which gov­ fact in a modern society. The point being purpose of supplying the information needs ernment actions can cause or worsen infla­ made here is the modest one that a given of Members and committees of both Houses tion. Large budget deficits and excessively regulatory activity generates costs as well as as provided by this section. The purpose of . easy monetary policy are usually cited as the benefits. Hence, consideration of proposals­ the system shall be to link Federal pro­ two major culprits, and quite properly. Yet, and they are numerous-to extend the scope grams and expenditures to the authorizing there is a third, less obvious-and hence of federal regulation should not be limited, statutes through a cross-reference capability more insidious-way in which government as is usually the case, to a recital of the ad­ based on the authorizing statutes, showing can worsen the already severe inflationary vantages of regulation. Rather, the costs committee jurisdiction, appropriation Acts, pressures affecting the American economy. need to be considered also, both those which budget authority, budget outlays, unex­ That third way is for the government to are tangible and those which may be in­ pended balances, other relevant systems require actions in the private sector which tangible. which are or may be compatible, and the increase the costs of production and hence It should be acknowledged that what is relationships between them. In- developing, raise the prices of the products and services · taking place in the United States represents supervising, and maintaining the system, which are sold to the public. For example, · not an abrupt departure from an idealized the Director shall- the price of the typical new 1974 passenger free market economy, but rather the rapid in­ "(1) work closely with the standing com­ automobile is about $320 higher than it tensification of fairly durable trends of ex­ mittees of both Houses in all phases of the would have been in the absence of federally panding government control over the pri­ development of the cross-referencing ca­ mandated safety and environmental require­ vate sector. 111. earlier periods, when produc­ pability and coordinate with the Congres­ ments. Attention needs to be focused on this tivity and living standards were rising rap­ sional Research Service and General Ac­ third route to inflation for two reasons: (1) idly, the nation could more easily afford to counting Office, in the development, imple­ the government is constantly embarking on applaud the benefits and ignore the costs of mentation, and operation of the system; new and expanded programs which raise regulation. But now the acceleration of fed­ "(2) advise the Speaker of the House of costs and prices in the private economy and eral controls coincides with, and accentuates, Representatives and the Majority Leader of (2) neither government decision makers nor a slowdown in productivity growth and in the Senate of the developments which could the public recognize the significance of these the improvement in real standards of liv­ improve the operation of the classification inflationary effects. Literally, the federal gov­ ing. Thus, the earlier attitude of tolerance system and issue an annual report to both ernment is continually .mandating more in­ toward controls is no longer economically Houses on the progress in implementation flation via the regulations it promulgates. defensible. and use of the system, and plans for the These actions of course are validated by an Worthy objectives, such as a cleaner en­ coming year; accommodating monetary policy. vironment and safer products, can be at­ "(3) make available (as development obviously, most of these government ac­ tained without the inflationary impact that permits) publications or information in ap­ tions are not designed to increase prices. · regulation brings and public policy should propriate format for the use of Members Nevertheless, that is their result. In part be revised to this end. But we need to examine and committees of both Houses and provide because of efforts to control the growth of more closely the phenomenon of govern­ the capability to answer specific queries on government spending, we have turned in­ ment-mandated price increases. It is likely the available information; and creasingly to mechanisms designed to achieve that this unwanted phenomenon will be with "(4) appoint such employees as may be a given national objective-better working us for some time-at least until consumers necessary for the prompt and efficient im­ conditions, for example, or more nutritious and their representatives recognize the prob­ plementation of the system." foods-without much expenditure of govern­ lem and urge changes in public policy. SEc. 2. The Legislative Classification Office ment funds. The approach emphasizes efforts As these government-mandated costs be­ of the House of Representatives as created to lnfluence . private decision makers to gin to visibly exceed the apparent benefits, it by the Committee Reform Amendments of achieve specific ends. Thus, rather than bur­ can be hoped that public pressures will 1974 (H. Res. 988, 93rd Congress) 1s hereby den the public treasury with the full cost mount on governmental regulators to moder­ abolished. of cleaning up envh·onmental pollution, we ate the increasingly stringent rules and reg- March 5, 1975 ·EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5399 ulations that they apply. At present, for ex­ citizens are born with. Even though I may subtle, inner threats that slowly chip away ample, a mislabeled product that is declared not swear this oath publicly, I should swear at the morale of freedom-minded individuals an unacceptable hazard often must be de­ it in my heart. I swear to love this country are the ones to be feared. stroyed. In the future, the producer or seller and to bear arms in her defense and to place There are many examples of this new im­ perhaps will only be requirer. to relabel tt her above all other countries. The wonderful morality but two seem to particularly stick correctly, a far less costly way of achieving gifts of freedom and liberty, given to us in in my mind. During the Olympics in Munich, the same objective. our Constitution, are worth standing up Germany, two American gold and silver me­ for. They hold a value beyond compare and dalists, the epitomy of athletic leadership, they are more than worth the love, honor laughed and joked during the American Na­ and respect that we owe this country; the tional Anthem. Closer to home, at the Uni­ MY RESPONSIBILITIES love, honor and respect that we owe the men versity of Oklahoma, an American Flag was who died to defend her flag; and the love, taken down and replaced with the flag of honor and respect that we owe the qualities the VietCong. The same American flag that HON. TENO RONCALiO these United States stand for. hundreds of thousands had died to save was The most important of my responsibilities then trampled into the ground. OF WYOMING as a citizen, everyone's responsibility as a It is during these times, when people are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizen, is to become involved, to be in­ often disenchanted with America, that our Wednesday, March 5, 1975 volved with our country and with our com­ responsibilities as citizens must be kept alive. munities. Though it may be hard to be di­ I heartily agree with Adlai Stevenson when Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, Miss rectly involved with a country as big as ours, he said, "I venture to suggest that patriotism Susan Rae Fox, of Cheyenne, Wyo., has we should be sure we don't become un­ is not a sh01·t outburst of emotion but the won first 9lace in the VFW and ladies involved. Keep up with the happenings and ste.9.dy dedication of a lifetime." auxiliary sponsored Voice of Democracy events of this country. Know what's going I am very proud to be an American citi­ contest for the State of Wyoming with on. Vote! V-o-t-e! Vote, it's the easiest way zen. With citizenship come rights that are of showing that you care. In my community, superior to any other country's rights of the her speech entitled "My Responsibilities I need to be a part of clubs and fund raising citizenry. But with rights ccme responsibili­ as a Citizen." drives, good organizations and charities. ties, an inseparable pair. Yes, there are dan­ Susan, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. These are all an important part of our com­ gers to the American way of life but the main Mark M. Fox, is to be commended for munities. When you become a part of these, danger is presented by those not involved her winning speech and her active par­ you become a part of your country. Your enough to stop deteriorization of our basic ticipation in community and school af­ Country. When you accept the responsibili­ ideals. Therefore, my responsibility as a citi­ fairs. Her speaking ability has already ties I have named, when you will get involved zen is to get involved because, if involve­ with your community and your country, ment occurs, all other responsibilities will been proven in winning the statewide when you will publicly swear on an oath of come naturally. One thing that will develop 4-H public speaking contest. A sopho­ love and loyalty for the United States, then by itself is that of taking an active, informed more at Cheyenne's Central High School, you are a working part of your country. Then role in government on the federal, state, or she is already making plans to major you are a citizen worthy enough to live in local levels. After learning about particular in physical therapy in college. these great states. These are my responsibili­ issues we can voice our beliefs to student Susan is an outstanding young Ameri­ ties and I must fulfill them for my goals. If governing bodies, the City Council, and our everyone found their goals and responsibili­ Congressmen. We have the responsibility of can and I think we can all take inspira­ ties of being a citizen, then we would have a tion from her speech which follows: writing our representatives in Congress if totally united feeling toward our country. only to tell them that they are doing a MY RESPONSmiLITIES AS A CITIZEN Our country. Our Country! Has a nice ring good job. (By Susan Rau Fox) to it, doesn't it? But, we need to work to;. A fourth area in which we can register our gether to make our country strong. We can "1-me, an individual, a committee of one. opinion is that of voting, every citizen'3 Pledge-dedicate all my worldly goods to give do it if everyone strives to be the best citizen right and duty. This is what our whole re!J­ of our country. In the words of Mr. Lasswell, without self-pity. Allegiance-my love and resenat ive system is based u~on, and with­ " ... it's as much your country as it is out voting, our right to representative choice my devotion. To the Flag-our standard, Old mine." Glory, a symbol of freedom. 0/ the United­ is loot. If we get involved we will resultingly that means that we have all come together. become active in community or school or­ States-individual communities that have ganizations, another responsibility. Still an­ united into 50 great states. Of America and MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN other duty is not only to obey laws, because to the Republic-a state in which sovereign even poor citizens do that, but to support power is invested in representatives chosen law and order. I also need to promote better by the people to govern. For which it stands, harmony and spread nationalism within my one nation-meaning, so blessed by God. In­ HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN community. I may not be able to prevent divisible-incapable of being divided. With OF TENNESSEE national war but I can easily stop fighting liberty-which is freedom and the right of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with my neighbor. I might not be able to power to live one's own life. And Justice­ prevent pollution, but I can remember never the principle or quality of dealing fairly with Wednesday, March 5, 1975 to liter and to try to pick up other's trash others. For all-which means, it's as much Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ whenever possible. I have a reaponsibility to your country as it is mine." 1 er, I would like to take this opportunity study my nation's history and to remember No those aren't my own words but the to recognize before my colleagues a fine our patriots and our fighters, especially words of one, Mr. Lasswell. But they say what those who gave their lives defending the I feel, inside. We have to read between the young man from Athens, Tenn., Mr. ideals they saw in America. It is also my lines. We have to find the author's thoughts John B. Powers, who is the Tennessee duty to love my country, respect its flag, and feelings that are expressed in his words. winner of the Veterans of Foreign Wars and defend the United States against all its If we fail to find the deep meanings of our of the United States Voice of Democracy enemies, within or without. A further re­ Country's great verses and anthems, then Contest. John was chosen as the State sponsibility and a right is to seek to correct when we sing the songs or recite the poems winner of Tennessee by virtue of his fine all laws that I feel are impotent or unneces­ they become just words in a monotonous pat­ speech on the subject, "My Responsibil­ sary 'lJy !awful means rather than by riots . tern. or protesting. Finally, I have the responsi­ For me, this is a great part of my responsi­ ity as a Citizen." I w.ould like to insert bility of getting involved in the betterment bilities as a citizen. I have to know where I John's speech in the CONGRESSIONAL of my life by arresting all corruption that stand on my country. By looking at each REcORD. His speech is a reflection on his may be present. great work done by great Americans, By find­ respect for our great Nation, and the In 1788, Edward Gibbon, 1n his book De­ ing the real value, I find myself feeling very many leadership qualities John has dis­ cline and Fall of the Roman Empire listed lucky to be an American. Another, more im­ played in his school, church, and com­ three main rea·sons for Rome's fall. Firstly, portant, of my responsibilities as a citizen munity activities. an undermining of the dignity and sanctity is to make myself as worthy a citizen as an The speech follows: of the home; secondly, a mad craze for pleas­ alien does when he becomes naturalized. ure which resulted in brutal and immoral When an alien becomes a citizen of the You may have heard this startling state­ sports and plays; and, lastly, a decay of re­ United States, he swears an oath of loyalty ment: Democracy, our way of life, is only one ligion in which the leaders lost touch with .generation from extinction. If that tiny and love for this country. His citizenship is life and lost their power to guide the people. precious to him-it's priceless. spark of freedom that our founding fathers held so dear is allowed to go out, then de­ Each of these 3 factors seems evident in Today, I feel we often take for granted the today's society but our clue to survival lies gift of liberty and freedom that natural born mocracy may be lost forever. For years, the United States, the lamplight of freedom, has in the words of Daniel Webster nearly 200 been threatened from all sides, within and years ago: "Nothing will ruin this nation if 1 From the script of the Red Skelton Hour, without. Open threats from the outside are the people themselves undertake its safety; January 14, 1969. Mr. Shelton cited Mr. usually met by valiant men who volunteer Nothing can save 1t if they leave that safety Lasswell as having been one of his teachers. to prevent obvious annihilation. The more in any hands but their own." 5400 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975. The duties I listed are only a few of my $600-million less :than .under present pro­ MY RESPONSmiLITY AS A CITIZEN responsibilities as a citizen. However, they ·grams. Over the _next five years, the plan (By susan Apley) would save $4-billion, government officials are not only mine, but the responsibilitie3 A country auction held on a clear, crisp of every American citizen. Meeting these said. - - - Under legislation expected to go to Con­ day-the smell of -hot coffee drifts through tas~s in tbese small .ways will invariably the air-farmers discuss the merits of the influence others to do likewise. What is gress soon, despite a cold preliminary reac­ machinery and tools while women move needed today is an awake and alert citizenry tion, subsidies would be halted for non-poor searching for ways in. which tbey can serve children in - school lunch, breakfast and among the displays of fancy ·work, dishes and their country. other feeding programs, including a special furniture accumulated over a lifetime. The It is. often said, "The American dream does milk subsidy plan. A new "bloc grant" plan auctioneer starts his warm up to signal that not come to. those who fall asleep." Follow­ would be substituted, giving states money for the auction will soon begin. As the crowd · ing these principles, we will be able to pre­ one third of the daily nutritional needs of assembles around him, you hear snatches of­ conversation describing the old couple wbo serve ~erica as tbe greatest living example poor children. once lived here-phrases like-"neighbors of freedom in the wol'l~ to~ay. If the states could not replace the money, an Agriculture Department expert said, you could count on"-"they did their part · school cafeteria prices would have to be for their church and community"-"good raised 21 cents a meal--or $1.05 a child folks"--'-"they were responsible citizens." weekly-to offset Federal subsidies that now I began to wonder, if a similar auction CONGRESS CALLED UPON TO SAVE hold down the "regular" lunch price. would be held for me in the future, would I THE SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM Agriculture Department officials estimated be remembered as a good neighbor-as a con­ FOR AMERICAN CHTI..DREN that an average of 8.3 million children would tributing member of my community-as a be eligible instead of the present total of responsible citizen? I would hope so, but· 9.9 million. what really is a responsible citizen? It is HON. RONALD M. MOTTL An Agriculture Department economist, such a big area of concern, it is hard to know OF OHIO Stephen J. Hiemstra, said that studies last just where to begin in this great, complex year indicated that such an increase would Nor~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES land of ours. I appreciate the words of reduce the number of students eating in man Thomas: "To us Americans, much has Wednesday, March 5, 1975 school cafeterias by about six million. been given; of us much is expected!" Department officials estimated that more One way to discover just what my respon­ Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, this Nation youngsters could be eliminated by a tighter sibilities as a young citizen are would be to recently reacted with outraged indigna­ definition of "poverty" in the proposal. carefully study the Constitution of the tion when Secretary of Agriculture Earl "Poverty" income for a family of four is United States o:f America. I have been given, Butz made a misdirected effort to in­ currently estimated at $4,510 a year. Most like every other citizen of the United States, cre~se the cost of food stamps to needy states now give free lunches to youngsters opportunities which are unique throughout recipients. from homes with incomes up to 125 per cent the world. It is up to me as an individual, to of the poverty line, or $5,638 a year. Families make sure that I first know and understand Largely as a result of this public out­ with incomes up to 175 per cent, or $7,839, cry, Congress took quick action to cancel my rights and privileges. Only then will I be are eltgible for token price meals for their able to make intell1gent decisions concern­ out his e:ffort to "economize" at the ex­ children. ing my use and protection of these rights. pense of the less fortunate members of Under the Administration plan, free meals It has been said by Frank Crane that "Re­ our society. would go only to children from families earn­ sponsibility is the thing people dread most Now this same Secretary Butz is trying ing $4,510 or less. Token-priced meals, if of all. Yet it is the one thing in the world' to "save" a few pennies out of the bellies states could stretch their grant money, could that develops us, gives us manhood or wom-. go to youngsters from families earning up to anhood fi.bre.',' It follows that I need to re-· of the school children of America. $5,638. He proposes to do so by making savage late my responsibility as a citizen to my everyday life. slashes in the school lunch and breakfast As a young citizen, I can begin with the program which, in recent years, has been MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN responsibilities I have within my own faro.:.­ one of the soundest and most sensible in­ ily. They range from simple tasks such: as vestments this Nation has been making drying· the dishes to the complex ·fabric of in the future of the coming generation­ my relationship to other members in the and the future of the Nation 'itself; HON. KEITH G. SEBELfiUS family. This, to me, is where responsibility. I am proud to be a cosp'onsor, With OF KANSAS really beg-ins, where even the efforts of a very Chairman CARL PERKINs of the House IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young citizen can count. As a young citizen, I can become involved Committee on Labor and Education, of Wednesday, March 5, 1975 H.R. 3736, a bill to extend the school in community projects such as doing volun­ Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, "My Re­ teer work in a senior citlzen's center or hos­ lunch and breakfast program in its pres­ pital. ·This personal effort and contact can ent form. sponsibility as _a Citizen," this year's mean very much to som'eone else who needs · This program needs no defense. It has theme for the VFW's 28th annual Voice my help. -I can also actively participate in my­ produced rich rewards in the form of of Democracy scholarship-program o:ffers school. One avenue to voice my opinions and· improved nutrition and health for mil­ us all a unique opportunity to reassess to work for solutions to problems within the lions of American children. ow· own responsibilities as American school, would be to serve as a student govern-. ment representative or a class officer. Many . ~1 that is necessary to produce anal­ citizens. most unanimous shout of approval from Each year thousands of secondary worthwhile youth organizations also offer school st1.,1dents participate in this con­ opportunities for service while working with the American people for continuance of others toward specific goals. the program is for the public to become test in which fiye n~tional scholarships are awarded as the top prizes. Freedom It is also my responsibility to take part in aware that it is threatened by Mr. Butz the elective process, now and in the future. and his ill-advised advisers. and demo.cracy are not just catch words I might work in· a community campaign to To help tell the facts to the American. to these students but concrete meaning­ urge eligible voters to exercise that privilege. ·people, I call attention to the following ful terms which describe an important I should constantly try to keep myself in­ aspect of their everyday lives. The sig­ formed about pertinent issues that affect our factual article distributed by United nificance of these terms is characterized country and what elective officials propose to Press International and published in to­ in the notable insight and depth of feel­ do about them. I need to actively support day's New York Times: ing exhibited through the thoughts of the candidate of my choice and when the LUNCH PLAN SLASH MAY HIT 6 MILLION the winning State contestants. time comes, take adv-antage mys~llf. of that WASHINGTON, March 3.-The Ford Admin..: Miss Susan Apley, a student at Larned important privilege, my right to vote. Follow­ istration wants to cut Federal school lunch ing an electi-on, I can inform my repre­ subsidies for children from middle-income High School in Larned, Kans., will be sentatives of my opinions and ideas and be homes, and Agriculture Department experts arriving in Washington this week along ready to work to carry them through. say that up to six million children could be with the winning contestants from each My responsibility as a citl.zen also extends involved. State to participate in the final judging. to others. The Constitution seeks to guaran­ About 15.2 million youngsters currently Miss Apley, daughter .. of Dr. and Mrs .. tee all citizens equal rights. Protection is pay · school cafeteria lunch prices ranging A. D. Apley, is active in student govern-· provided • to -every Citizen against the I indis.: from 40 to 50 cents a day in most of the ment, a tireless participant in 4-H and c~iminate action 9f others. I can fulfill part country. About 9.9 million children who are a member of the National Honor Society. of my responsibility as a citi~en by helping. considered needy get free or token-priced others to· be aware of their rights and obl'igfi:. · lunches and breakfasts. It i!;: W,ith , .a great deal of prjde that I. The Administration's budget request have the privilege of introducing into the tion's. As an example, 1 might a·ssist with pro:.. v.;ould lii~it spending on chil~ nutrition to REcoRD Miss Apley's outstanqi:J,1g win- grams to help those preparing :for· citizenship. $1.6-b~llion,in the year starting July 1, about ning entry: - . - - I' should' ei1coura~e ·the p~r~lci~at1. 6n ot March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' 5401 others, as well as myself, in local, state and teeming mass of humanity. It is not just a bulletin, First Church Beacon, regard­ national, and even international affairs. huge social organism. Our Country is a Group ingTroop 5: Still, one of my most important respon­ of Unique, Creative, and Important Individ­ sibilities regarding citizenship 1\es within the uals. Plato said " ... governments vary as BOY SCOUT SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 9 formation of my own attitudes and programs the characters of men vary; . . . the state 1S A long tradition of dedicated, high-quality of personal action involving my country's what it is because its citizens are what they leadership has made First Methodist policies, environment, and protection of are." So if we, the American people, think Chm·ch's Boy Scout Troop 5 one of the most human rights. I know that just as a puzzle that we are insignificant, and act like we're honored troo·ps in Scouting history. Troop 5 is not complete without all the pieces, our insignificant, then America will be insignifi­ was adopted by the Men's Bible Class o:f country cannot be strong without_the help cant. We cannot afford to let this happen! My FUMC in 1914; and later, official sponsorship of all its citizens. We must all work together responsibility as a citizen is to stand up and was received from the church. In the 1950's, for a better tomorrow. be an individual; to take pride in myself, one additional Scout troop and an Explorer I wish to fulfill my respons!bilities as a take pride h1 my work, and take pride in my Post were also headquartered at the church. citizen. Now, and as I mature. I want to make country. Sometimes I lose perspective and A highlight of each year's program is a ·my energy felt-to live up to the challenge of I think that my job is irrelevant or unim­ long camping t1ip in the stunmer. The first of ··citizenship. I want to help the Unit ed States portant. Sometimes I even think that I have these was to Cowles, New Mexico, in 1947. · of America endure, grow, and prosper. I to be a statesman or political lobbyist or Since that time the troop has camped in want to be remembered, as were the old cabinet member to have any effect-to be im­ Colorado, Oltlahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, couple, as one who could be counted on to portant, and to be anything else is to be just North Carolina, and in Big Ben National do my part. I accept, I welcome my respon­ one of the millions of so-called "litt le peo­ Park. Next summer the troop will camp for sibility as a citizen. ple". But then I remember that every job, be a week at the Caddo Council · Campsite· in it teacher or truck driver or physician or Mena, Arkansas. store clerk or anything else you can think Fund-raising for these trips has been a big of is vital to the functioning of our society. job, and one which boys and leaders have en­ The Empire State Building, for example, was joyed together. The boys have collected VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ·coNTEST not built by one powerful man or by a face­ wastepaper, delivered circulars, washed cars, less mob--it was built by a large group of sold tickets to Scoutaramas, and operated individual people--each doing his little bit, concession stands anci parking lots at Univer­ HON. GILBERT GUDE each putting his brick into place, until the sity of Texas football games. Scout leaders OF MARYLAND whole building was constructed. My responsi­ estimate that over the years the troop has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bility as a citizen is to put my brick into raised almost $30,000 for their program. place, and take pride in the knowledge that Troop 5 l\as received many honors over the Wednesday, March 5, 1975 roy brick, no matter how insignificant it may years. Among these, the group holds the dis­ Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, each year the seem, was necessary to help buHd America. tinction of having received more charters If everyone does his part, if everyone puts than any other troop in the history of Scout­ Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United his brick into place, then we will build Amer­ ing in the United States. Since records have States and its Ladies Auxiliary conducts ica strong, we will build her proud, and we been kept, sixty-eight members have attained a Voice of Democracy Contest. This year, will build her great. And not only will we be the ranks of Star and Life status. nearly 500,000 secondary students from fulfilling our responsibility as citizens, but From the very beginning, Troop 5's great­ over 7,500 schools participated, compet­ we will also be fulfilling our responsibility est asset, besides the boys involved in it, has ing for the five national scholarships as human beings. Working individually, we been the tireless leadership of dedicated which are awarded as the top prizes. are heroic. Working together, we are un­ churchmen. Nine members of FUMC have The theme, entitled ••My Responsibility beatable. served as president of the Capital Area Coun­ as a Citizen" focused the. attention of cil, comprised of seventeen counties in cen- , t•·al Texas. Twenty-one memb~rs have re­ youth on the obligations of citizenship TROOP 5 OF AUSTIN'S FffiST ceived Scouting's highest award for service and called for a personal evaluation of METHODIST CHURCH to boyhood, the Silver Beaver. One member their responsibility in preserving· democ­ has served as institutional representative for racy in this country. Each final product · twenty yea1·s. Another churchman is now was then transcribed on tape and judged HON. J~ J. PICKLE chairman of the Eagle Board of Review and was a Scoutmaster for many years. One for content, originality, and delivery. ~F TEXAS Scoutmaster came into the troop as a .Scout I am pleased to announce that Leda IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and has thirty-seven years tenure as an Eagle Cosmides, daughter of Dr. and MJ.·s. Wednesday, March 5, 1975 Scout and as a Scoutmaster. One member George J. Cosmides of Rockville, Md., has served as troop treasurer since 1946. and a resident of my district, submitted Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, last week Troop 5's present Scoutmaster, Mr. George the winning speech in the State compe­ I had the pleasure of joining with the Phenix, is supervising a well-planned program tition. Miss Cosmides, a 12th grade stu­ President and many of my colleagues to for the boys these days. He extends a warm dent at Richard Montgomery High celebrate the 65th anniversary of Scout­ invitation to boys of this church who would ing. I was pleased to learn at this sun­ like to participate in Scouting-a program School in Rockville, plans tc. pursue a of training, fellowship, and learnin g that medical research career at Harvard, rise breakfast with the Boy Scouts of can last a lifetime. Yale, or Princeton. Her scholastic America that the majority of U.S. Rep­ (EDIToR's NOTE.-Your editor reluctant ly achievements and leadership qualifica­ resentatives were former members of this agreed to the wishes of the persons who tions are praiseworthy, including her esteemed organization. In fact, accord­ brought her the information from which this present office as president of the student ing to a poll conducted by my friend from story was written and did not use any names. council. Miss Cosmides is also a violinist the Buckeye State, the Honorable CLAR­ She cannot identify each of the persons de­ ENCE BROWN, 60 Members of the Senate scribed above by name, but cannot resist the in the Montgomery County Youth Sym­ temptation to add that anyone who has been phony, as well as a sports enthusiast. She and 250 House Members belonged to the around First Church for any length of thne will join other State winners in Washing­ Girl or Boy Scouts. knows that L. J. "Pop" Ireland is the main­ ton, D.C., on March 7, to compete for In connection with this recognition of stay of Scouting, with H. H. Colley and Gil­ the $10,000 first prize scholarship. I wish the outstanding achievements of Scouts bert Leifeste close at hand. Your editor her well. and the good leadership training pro­ further takes responsibility for leaving out The high quality. of .her speech speaks vided by the Scout program, I would like many others whose contributions are great, · for itself: to reco~nize the Scout troop from my but whose names are not known to her. We church in Austin, Tex., the First United apprec-iate all of them for their work on our MY RESPONSmiLITY AS. A CITIZEN behalf.). Last week was The Game. We we1·e playing Methodist Church. our arch-rivals and Everyone was there. I Troop 5 of the Methodist Church has . was standing at the top of the stadium and a long and illustrious record. It is more all I could see around me were hea.ds. There than 60 years old and the accomplish­ VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST must have been at least 30,000 heads in that ments of its members are very note, stadium. All of a sudden I realized that I worthy. HON. NORMAN E. D'AMOURS was only one of all those heads. I felt very I am also very pleased that the cur­ Bmal·l and insignificant. I felt like if I OF NEW HAMPSHIRE rent Scoutmaster of this group is Mr. dropped, right there, no one would even have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES noticed it. That's how many Americans feel George Phenix, my former administra­ today-insignificant-lost in a mob of the tive assistant. Wednesday, March 5, 1975 200 million people who make up this great I am inserting in the RECORD an article Mr. D'AMOURS. Mr. Speaker, each - big country. But our country is not just a which recently appeared in the church year the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the 5402 _EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MaTch 5, 19.75 United States and its ladies auxiliary Citizens may become an active part of this The United States Department of Labor conducts a Voice of Democracy essay organization to strengthen the country in confirms other studies which show that: co:·.test. This year nearly 500,000 secon.; times of need. This strength may also pro­ Older workers are less prone to change tect or defend other bodies of people-the jobs. dary students across the Nation partici­ strong arms of our nation can shield those Older workers' absenteeism is less. pated in the contest competing for the of a crippled one. Older workers are ill or disabled less f're­ five national scholarships which are The bloodstream of the body is a system qttently than younger workers, less fre­ a warded as the top prizes. which must reach all parts to bring life­ quently. This year's contest theme was ''My giving substances. It is the major source of In production jobs the output of a per­ Responsibility as a Gitizen" and I am food for the next generation. Thus the com­ son past 65 compares favorably with that of proud to announce that this year's win­ munication in the nation must keep all citi­ younger workers. zens informed so that they may work better In office jobs, efficiency differentials ar;) ner from the State of New Hampshire is together. Working on a newspaper, giving minimal. Miss Cynthia Jean Ginn of the First speeches, or using the telephone will help Older workers are generally more reliable Congressional District. to spread ideas and issues in government. in positions of responsibility. (Positions in­ In her poignant essay Miss Ginn, who Communication with the young in this na­ volving honesty.) lives at 47 Gale Avenue in Laconia, N.H. tion is important, since we are growing fast Yet unions, industry and government con­ 03246, reminds us that our citizenship to become tomorrow's active leaders. Edu­ spire to perpetuate our nation's ugliest dis­ confers upon us responsibilities as well as cation in citizenship based on good com­ crimination, forcing retirement at age 65 or rights. She further reminds us that in munication will prepare us to be mature younger. citizens. Illinois' Congressman Findley has intro­ order for our Nation as a whole to con­ Finally, the soul of the body is important. duced in Congress a bill to make discrimi­ tinue to remain strong and free we will More important than what the body does nation in employment based on advancing have to, in the words of the late Presi­ when and where, is how and why it is done. years illegal. dent John P. Kennedy, "ask not what The attitude that each citizen takes reflects Congressman Findley says, "Before the Bi­ our country can do for us but what we the reputation of the country. As I say the centennial year we should reaffirm the prin­ can do for our country." Pledge of Allegiance to the American flag, ciples epitomized by the life of Benjamin Mr. Speaker, we in New Hampshire I am reminded of the respect that all citi­ Franklin whose most productive years were have always been proud of our decentral­ zens should hold for their country. Each in­ beyond 65. (He helped draft the Declara­ dividual represents his nation and may im­ tion of Independence at 81.) ized school system which allows each press or repel others with his attitude. Our Each year the list grows of notables whose community to retain control over its local actions should always be in accord with the greatest period of productivity began at the schools. Cindy Ginn's essay is an excel­ ideals of democracy and freedom that our age when we are still turning most men and lent example of the high caliber educa­ country stands for. women out to pasture. These notables not­ tion which the youth of New Hampshire Each citizen should feel that giving sup­ withstanding, each decade has increased the are continuing to receive under this sys­ port to his country is more important than average Americans span of productive years tem. the benefits he receives from it. His respon­ while by legislation and regulation we have It is with great pride and pleasure sibilities are those which he feels will best sought to curtail his potential for produc­ help himself, his fellow citizens, his country, tivity. that I share her essay with you: and eventually the world. As an American Findley had 34 cosponsors for his bill MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN citizen, I can accept these responsibilities though there are sixty members of the House (By Cynthia J. Ginn) with pride, because this is my country. and fully one-fourth of the members of the I am an American citizen. This is my Senate who would be forced out if the "sixty­ country. As a citizen, I have certain respon­ five retirement formula" applied to them. sibtlities. Although I am only one among (Including the Senate's party leaders, Mans­ many, my actions ... my attitudes will great­ LET US END MANDATORY field and Hugh Scott.) ly affect the future. RETIREIVIENT Half the members of the Supreme Court Each citizen, like a cell in a massive body, would be bumped off if their own law ap­ receives the nourishment of certain rights plied to themselves. and privileges from the heart of the body­ HON. ALBERT H. QUIE You might want to suggest your Congress­ man help outlaw this discrimination every­ the government. Yet each cell carries out its OF MINNESOTA where or apply it to everyone. own life cycle with often unique duties es­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sential to the life of the whole. So each citizen is responsible for his duties: the Wednesday, March 5, 1975 country cannot live without him, nor can he survive without the country behind him, Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, Paul Harvey, YALTA PACT-DAY OF INFAMY providing for his protection and well-being. one of America's popular news commen­ The coordination of the working parts of tators, recently spoke out in support of the body is essential to its performance. Citi­ a bill-H.R. 2588-introduced by the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI zens must work as a cooperative unit so that gentleman from :llinois (Mr. FINDLEY) the country may function smoothly. It is the which would end forced retirement OF ILLINOIS organization and the unity of the citizens based on age. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that will determine the success or failure of Mr. Harvey pointed out the injustices Wednesday, March 5, 1975 the nation. Individuals who create "muscle spasms" will hamper the body's ability. of a system which forces individuals to Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on Everyone must do his best individually by retire at a certain age and noted statis­ February 12, 1945, U.S. President Frank­ carrying out his duties responsibly. Only tics which favor the employment of lin D. Roosevelt, Englar..d's Prime Minis-­ then can the entire body benefit and prosper. those over 65. ter Winston Churchill, and Soviet Dicta­ The brain leads and directs all other parts I cosponsored l.Vlr. FINDLEY's bill and tor Josef Stalin met to sign the "Yalta of the body. Thtts the leaders of the country want to share this convincing commen­ are charged with directing the lives of an tary with all those interested in aiding Pact," under which the pretense of citizens. The individual citizen has great America's senior citizens: bringing world peace actually recon­ power in his ability to vote for his adminis­ structed the map of Europe by allowing trators, and he should exercise this power. He PAUL HARVEY NEWS, Soviet domination over the peoples of who says his single vote is unimportant, un­ February 12, 1975. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hun­ necessary or ineffective, is mistaken. Each REQUIRED RETmEMENT MAY BE OUTLAWED gary, Poland, Rumania, and East Ger­ vote is a step toward better representation; Two-thirds of the world's most cre-ative many and incorporated the Rumanian better democracy. people are over sixty years of age. The body's conscience will remind it of More than two-thirds of the men and provinces and the Baltic States of right and wrong. The conscience must be women in medicine, education, science, gov­ Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the honored and heeded at all times; a respon­ ernment and the arts are over sixty. Soviet Empire. sible citizen will try to uphold justice when­ Yet in industry and civil service and most On this 30th anniversary, Aloysius A. eve!' possible. He may serve on jury duty, unionized businesses retirement is required Mazewski, president of the Polish Ameri­ doing his part to defend the Constitution­ at 65 and there are efforts to reduce it to 60. can Congress and the Polish National the body's will ..All of his actions should har­ Our Government has gone to great lengths Alliance, reminded the world of this "day monize with the country's will so that its to eradicate employment discrimination of infamy" by issuing a statement which conscience can be at ease. based on race, religion or sex-yet continues Physically, the muscles of the body give to allow this most insidious of all discrimi­ I insert at this time. Following Mr. Ma­ it strength and keep it whole. The nation's nation based on age. zewski's remark& is a copy of a press re­ Armed Forces are its n1uscles-its strength Illinois' Congressman Findley is going to lease issued by the Assembly of Captive can help defend the country's principles. try to do something about it. European Nations located in New York March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5403 which calls for the restoration of freedom Are we now as unprepared for detente as MAINE URGES CONGRESS TO EX­ and self-determination to these nations. we were in 1945 in term of understanding TEND FISHING BOUNDARmS Both statements follow at this time: the weakness and covert designs of the So­ viet Union? [News release from the Poltsh American Are we rushing into an era of accommo­ HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN Congress, Inc., Feb. 11, 1975] dations with the Soviet Union with the OF MAINE same wishful thinking, naive faith in Mos­ YALTA PAC'l'--DAY OF INFAMY FOR WESTERN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CIVU.IZATION cow's good Intentions and with disregard for the evlls of Communism? Wednesday, March 5, 1975 February 12 marks the 30th anniversary of There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the Yalta P.lct. the Soviet Union is approaching accommo­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, the people When the defeat of Nazi Germany was in dations with the West in -';he same spirit of of Maine are anxious to see the 94th sight, political leaders of the United States, 'ruthless aggrandizement in the field of eco­ Congress enact legishtion which would Great Britain and the Soviet Union met at nomics, it has demonstrated in the area of extend the fisherles jurisdiction of the the resort on the Black Sea to chart diplo­ political and geographic expansion at Yalta. United States seaward to 200 miles. On matic course that was to follow Allied victory The lessons of Yalta should steer us on a Febru1ry 20, 1975, the 107th Legislature in Europe. course of quid pro quo de::tllngs and concern of the State of Maine adopted a joint President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Premier for those nations of Europe we have aban­ Winston Churchill and Dictator Josef Stalin doned at Yalta. resolution stating its support for Federal reached a series of accords during several The Soviet Union took an advantage of action to protect our coastal fisheries re­ sessions. our moral confusion and diplomatic weak­ sources. The central and crucial issue of these nesses at Yalta. Now we should take full On the first day of this session, I co­ agreements was the freedom, independence and bold advantage of Russia's economic sponsored H.R. 200, a bill introduced by and integrity in the political future of Cen­ wealmesses and correct at least a part of the Congressm:m STunns of Massachusetts. tral and East European nations of millennial blunders we have committed at Yalta. history, particularly Poland, Hung3. ry and This measure, which now has over 100 Czechoslovakia. cosponsors in the House, would achieve The key test laid in the restoration of a [Press release from the Assembly of Captive the precise objectives sought by the free and independent Poland, for the de­ European Nations, Feb. 11, 1975) Maine Legislature. I am pleased to note cisions regarding that nation sealed the fate that the Subcommittee on Fisheries, of its neighbors. THmTY YEARS AFTER YALTA Wildlife Conservation, and the Environ­ In the perspective of history we see now Thirty years ago, in February 1945, on the ment, of the House Committee on Mer­ that the Soviet Union came to Yalta with a threshold of victory in the Second World ch:mt Marine and Fisheries, has sched­ brutal blueprint for the conquest and domi­ War, Roosevelt, Churchlll and Stalin met in nation of Central and Eastern Europe. Every Yalta to decide the fate of nations drawn uled 5 days of legislative hearings on demand and every argument of Stalin had into that tragic holocaust and to draft the this bill and other related measures. the precise goal of extending and perpetuat­ map of post-war peaceful Europe. Unfortu­ These hearings will take place here in ing Soviet domination over one half of nately, their decisions taken without regard Washington next week, March 10 to 14. Europe. to the legitimate aspirations of the nations In an effort to insure that all Members On the other hand, the United States and conc~rned failed to heal the wounds of war of Congress are aware of the Maine Leg­ Great Britain came to Yalta with wishful and did not bring real peace either to Europe islature's position on this important is­ thinking and rhetorics without substance or to the world. sue prior to these hearings, I am insert­ and without determination to stop the Soviet The Eastern frontier of Poland was arbi­ advances at its historic borders. trarily moved to the so-called Curzon Line, ing the legislature's joint resolution in The resultant declarations and intents, without the knowledge and consent of the the RECORD at this point: arrived at without consulting the nations government of allied Poland whose soldiers STATE OF MAINE-JOINT RESOLUTION directly affected by them, contained un­ war~ fighting on all the fronts against com­ Joint resolution memorializing the Congress warranted concessions to the Soviet Union mon enemy. This was the area grabbed by of the United States to extend the United and its instrument of conquest, the Com­ Russia during her association with Germany States fisheries management jurisdiction munist Party in the areas in question. after the conclusion of the infamous Rib­ 200 miles seaward from its boundaries Shortsightedness, naive faith in Russia's bentrop-Molotov Pact. Soviet domination We, your Memorialists, the House of Rep- adherence to the signed agreement, and the ov~r other territories grabbed by Russia dl.:r­ resentatives and Senate of the State of fact that the Western powers came to Yalta ing the same period was not questioned. Maine in the One Hundred and Seventh Leg­ without comprehensive plans, and basically, Among them were the Rumanian provinces islature, now assembled, most respectfully unversed in the intricacies and issues in­ of Bessarabia and Bucovina and the Baltic present and petition your Honorable Body as herent in that part of Europe, led to dis­ States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. follows: astrous consequences. The two Yalta Declarations on Liberated Whereas, Maine fishermen are currently Soon, Moscow agents, backed by the Red Europe and on Poland, promising the adher­ losing the livelihood of generations through Army, made mockery of free elections in ence to the principles of the Atlantic Charter !allure of the Federal Government to control Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, prom­ and free unfettered elections of governments excessive foreign fishing off the coast; and ised in the Yalta Pact. responsive to the wm of the people, were Whereas, Federal negotatlons at the "law With the Red Army in the vanguard, com­ never fulfilled. When later on, whole nations of the sea" conference even if successful will munist tide engulfed Europe down to the and peoples were swallowed up behind the take 6 to 10 years to ratify and implement ElbeR1ver. Iron Curtain, Communist governments were leaving little or no protection during the The Western Powers were unwilling, al­ imposed upon them without regard to a free interim; and though they were able, to prevent the Com­ vote of the peoples concerned. These in­ Whereas, this inaction has prompted the munist take over in the nations which by cluded Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Maine Legislature to declare Maine's fisheries history and tradition belong to the Western Hungary, Poland, Rumania and East Ger­ management jurisdiction 200 miles seaward Ci v11lza tion. many. from its boundaries or to the edge of the Instead of peace and reconstruction, red Wherever the Influence of Soviet armed continental shelf; and terror reigned in those countries, annihilat­ forced could be brought to bear, !~dependent Whereas, the Congress of the United States ing the forces of freedom within them. countries, just liberated from Hitler's terror, must act now to extend United States fish­ And to this day, Soviet m111tary forces are were absorbed and their national aspirations eries management jurisdiction beyond 12 stationed in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia savagely repressed by a State bent on en­ miles to the 200-mile limit before fishing and East Germany, ready to suppress any forcing obedience to Communist ideology on stocks are exhausted; now, therefore, be it movement toward an even partially opened all peoples within Soviet domain. Resolved: That We, your Memorialists, societies in these lands. · Thus, a big Soviet empire was created respectfully recommend and urge the Con­ It is small wonder, then, that to m1111ons founded on coercion and denial of human gress of the United States to use every pos­ of subjugated peoples of Central and Eastern rights, freedom and national independence. sible means at its command to pass legisla­ Europe and their compatriots and friends Its armizs entrenched today in the heart of tion which wm extend the fisheries manage­ abroad, the date of the Yalta Pact is a Day of Europe are a constant threat to peace. ment jurisdiction of the United States with­ Infamy for the West. On this thirtieth anniversary o! the 111- out interfering with Canada 200 miles sea­ In the context of current International fated Yalta Conference, the Assembly of Cap­ ward or to the edge of the continental shelf realities, the Yalta Pact appears as the first tive European Nations calls for the uncondi­ and thus reduce the chances of further de­ attempt at detente between the West and tJonal application of the principle of self­ pletion of fishing stocks by overfishing; and the Soviet Union. determination of nations and of the Uni­ be it further Today, detente Is very much on the milld versal Declaration of Human Rights which Resolved: That a duly authenticated copy of American public. would lead to the restoration of freedom and of this Memorial be immediately submitted · It is, therefore, proper and urgent to ask independence to the victims of Soviet ag­ by the Secretary of State to The Honorable and appraise severaJ questions: gression in East-Central Europe. Gerald R. Ford. President of the United CXXI---342-Part 6 5404 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· March 5, ·1975 States, to the President of the Senate and charities which need volunteers nowadays an area of our community approximately 10 Speaker of the House of Representatives of and many campaigns both political and so­ by 30 miles in size as being unsuitable for the Congress of the United States and to cial which need workers. I also believe that residential use due to the noise generated each Member of the Senate and House of one of the most important duties of a citizen by the airplanes based at CAFB while they Representatives in the Congress of the is to protect that mechanism which we live are performing· their assigned missions, and United States and to each Member of the under. I see it as my duty to serve in the Whereas: The immediate practical effect of Senate and House of Representatives in the armed forces when called upon and even to this noise map is to eliminate all federal Congress of the United States from this volunteer for service if my country should financing or guarantees for other financing State. ask it of me. After all anyone would fight for all residential and much commercial House of Representatives. Read and without hesitation ..to protect that hypo­ building in this community until the noise adopted; February 20, 1975. Sent up for thetical slot machine which I described, or is abated or current federal restrictions are concurrence. suppose you or I owned the goose that laid lifted, and, EDwiN H. PERT, the golden egg, would we not jump to pro­ Whereas, This cessation of all building ac­ Clerk. tect this goose if it were endangered? tivity and growth in this area will be In Senate Chamber. Read and adopted; in The number of ways to maintain this ma­ economically disastrous to most every resi­ concurrence; February 21, 1975. chine, which I have postulated, are infinite. dent and nearly every business firm located HARRY N. STARBRANCH, My duty as a citizen is to put as much as here as wen as causing economic handicap Secretary. I can into this machine in as many ways as and great operational in::onvenience to the I can. performance of their mission by the Com­ mands at CAFB, and Whereas: The members of this council who represent our various communities THE :MEANING OF CITIZEN CASTLE AIR FORCE BASE AND firmly believe that the noise generated by the COMMUNITY RELATIONS airplanes from CAFB is not and should not be considered a deterrent factor to stop the HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT HON. B. F. SISK growth or way of life of our communities or OF DELAWARE the efficient accomplishment of the military OF CALIFORNIA missions of CAFB and we as firmly believe tN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that we who live here and in the many fine Wednesday, March 5, 1975 communities throughout our great nation Wednesday, March 5, 1975 should not have our lives and livelihoods dis­ Mr. DU PONT. Mr. Speaker, Liam P. Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, for a number rupted so shatteringly by the whims of a Corbalis has won the student VFW Voice of months I have been working with my computer dependent bureaucracy located of Democracy Scholarship Program Con­ constituents who are experiencing a seri­ thousands of miles from us now, be it test in Delaware. He has writter.. an es­ Resolved: That the Base Community ous problem related to the Castle Air Council does hereby reaffirm our position of say on the meaning of citizen and I in­ Force Base in central California. Despite sert it in the RECORD so that my col­ support for the Commands at CAFB in the the problem and the intense desire to efficient performance of their assigned mis­ leagues may share the benefit of Mr. Cor­ have the matter resolved, my ·consti­ sions and reexpress our opinion that the balis' thinking: tuents and officials of Castle Air Force noise generated by their airplanes is of no Suppose I were to describe to you a mir­ Base have refused to allow their close great significance in the lives of the citizens acle machine. When one fed into it just relationship jeopardized. living in our area, and, be it further about anything of worth it would put out Resolved: That we petition any federal de­ an amount of pleasure, wealth and security My constituents respect the job officials partment or agency involved in this problem far greater than the equivalent of that which at Castle Air Force Base have to do and and particularly do we petition the Congre&'! was put into it. The input into this machine know how fortunate they are to have the of the United States to help us to exped••. could come in the form of money, physical facility in their community. Likewise, tiously resolve this unnecessary problem 1:~ labor or other forms of service. To most of base officials realize they are fortunate to establishing a "disclaimer method of obtaivr you this would seem a desirable thing. For have the kind of community support that ing financing for homes and businesses to be example, by placing a small sum of money they now enjoy. This relationship speaks built here or by whatever other means this into the mechanism you would receive out of totally restrictive ruling may be eliminated it the ingredients of a feeling of security and well for the community and Castle Air or resolved to our immediate benefit, and, be well being far greater than that which you Force Base, and it is one that every com­ it further previously had. It would be like a coin op­ munity that has a military facility Resolved: That we urge the Commands at erated semi-utopia. should want to have also. CAFB to promptly abandon any plans to Although it seems like an impossible thing I would like, therefore, to insert a copy divert training fiights or other activities this mechanism does exist. The device I of a resolution that the Base Community from here in an expensive and time consum­ speak of is the United States of America. The Council adopted which speaks of this re­ ing effort to satisfy an apparently misdi­ input into this device comes in many forms, lationship and which I think my col­ rected computer, and be it further some of them are money, labor and a diversi­ Resolved: That by copy of this Resolution fied spectrum of other physical services. leagues will find rewarding: the U.S. Air Force and any other interested The fruits of this machine are those which RESOLUTION parties be advised that we not only are proud are associated with life in this country. De­ Whereas, The Base Community Council of to be the home of CAFB now, but, that we spite the many hardships some Americans CAFB is composed of officially designated wlll continue to be so when the B-1 ah·craft think they suffer, we are actually well off representative members of the cities of At­ are assigned here and shall do all in our here in the United States compared to most water, Livingston, Merced, the Merced Coun­ power to welcome and aid them in whatever countries. We receive more from our society ty Board of Supervisors, the Commands at way is appropriate. than any other average citizen in any other CAFB and the Chambers of Commerce of the country. cities of Atwater, Livingston, Merced, the I see that my duty as a citizen is similar community of Winton and the County of to that of a fireman on a train; I must keep Merced, and MIDEAST PEACE-THE NEW the engine, the United States of Americ3., Whereas: The Base Community Council fueled. I personally must do this in various has been successful in achieving its go3.ls by REPUBLIC ways. actively working to foster and perpetuate an One way which I as a citizen must fuel my aura of thorough understanding and an en­ country is by putting money in the form of thusiastic working relationship between the HON. MORRIS K. UDALL taxes and contributions into the system. I civilians and military at CAFB since 1955, OF ARIZONA as a citizen must not look for ways of get­ and ting around paying income tax or trying to Whereas: Dtu•ing this time, the Commands IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES get out of making donations to charities. at CAFB have efficiently completed their as­ Wednesday, March s. 1975 If you stop and think about it, it is just signed missions while the citizens of our logical that I should want to put money community have been nearly unanimous in Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, the current in to the system, since the machine I have their appreciation of having the men, women issue of New Republic magazine cont~ins described to you has a much higher output and airplanes of CAFB among us as evidenced one of the most insightful and clear than that of the input. It would benefit you by the fact that during the nineteen years of statements regarding the state of peace and me in the long run if all of us put input our council's existence, the population in our in the Mideast I have had the pleasure into this machine. area has very nearly doubled with people who to read. Another way which I, as a citizen, must also apparently had no qualms or other con­ fuel my country is by putting my time and cern about an alleged noise factor, and Mr. Martin Peretz, the new editor of effort into the mechanism. Everyone, no Whereas: There has recently been issued New Republic, has done all of us a service matter how rich or poor can give time, it by the Department of Housing and Urban by separating reason from passion ln a costs practically nothing. There are many Development a "noise map" that delineates straightforward and eminently readable March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5405 exposition of the. diplomatic .intracacies The ·question in the· next days, however, unrealistic expectations without creating re.;. and pitfalls that.have ·made the achieve­ ls not what Israel wm ~ive . up;. it ts rather lationsbips between old foes on which a what Egypt wlll give in return. It is sheer peaceful future for the region depends. ment of peace with trust so difficult to sloganeerlng to say, as some rather casually What with · the difficulties encountered so attain in this smoldering and troubled have, that stnce lt ls Egypt's land that ls at far in eliciting significant concessions from part of the world. issue, that country is obliged to give little or Egypt-not, it should be noted, in eliciting Mr. Speaker, I urge all my colleagues nothing to reclaim lt. For what is expected such from Israel-an assortment of journal­ to read· this excellent editorial. I hope of Israel is no small gesture toward Cairo. ists and politicians have fixed on the notion they find it as infor~ative as I did: In the present environment, no one can of American guarantees 1io Israel as a substi­ underestimate the importance of fuel-poor tute for an accord between the two contend­ MIDEAST PEACE? Israel's withdrawing from the Abu Rhodels ing parties. In a discussion with New Repub­ Israel has become in world affairs a pariah oil fields at the tip of the Gulf of Suez, which lic editors last week, Kissinger said that an nation. Why this is so is both complicated have met half of Israel's petroleum needs American guarantee by treaty or otherwise and simple: Israel !s, after all, the political during the last seven years. Nor, 1n an un­ would be only "icing on the cake," that such expression of a historically oppressed people, stable situation, wlll the Shah's pledge to guarantees would make sense only once there and the power of Arab oil is just now great Kissinger to supply Israel's oil needs be ful­ were actual agreements on and concrete enough to sway both the weak and the ly reassuring. But the Mitla and Gidi passes, movement toward final settlement by the two mighty to Join the anti-Israel chorus. Surely, which are part of the anticipated bounty of countries. as two prominent French leftist intellectuals negotiations, constitute an even more vex­ Kissinger had been drawn into the discus­ wrote recently in Le Monde, it is not that ing problem for the Israelis. These mountain sion of guarantees by the persistent Russian Israel can be seen on any comparative scale-­ passes control the rest of the Sinai penin­ offer to "guarantee" Israel's 1967 borders. whether measured against Communist, sula and an Israeli withdrawal would be a The Soviets, of course, are wholly without Western, Arab, or Third World countries-as surrender of significant strategic advantage. bona fides on this matter, and Kissinger is a monster state. Whatever the reasons for To the extent that risk is assumed, Israel in any case suspicious of their intentions. the lopsided anti-Israel majorities in various ls entitled to reciprocal-if necessarily asym­ There ls no justification, though, he rea­ U.N. agencies or behind the hostile rhetoric metrical-political concessions from Egypt. soned correctly, for abjuring an American of intrinsically indifferent polltical figures While the signals from Cairo have been con­ guarantee at some unspeclfled point in the from distant and otherwise preoccupied fusing, perhaps deliberately so, the Egyptians future. But he knows, as surely the Israelis countries, the implications of the new mood do not yet seem to be particularly conc111a­ and Arabs know too, what is wrong with a are clear-and they constitute a peril to the tory. No doubt agreement to the dem111tariza­ guarantee now. security of Israel. tion of the relinquished territories is a pre­ In the absence of tangible Arab, or in this The persuasive capacity of insincere anal­ reauisite of any Israeli withdrawal. But as instance, Egyptian, steps toward peace, an ysis seems to be without match, and there is with a decision to allow Israeli cargoes American guarantee to Israel upon its With­ a particular virul:mce to the contagion of in­ through the canal, this is an easily revok­ drawal from mllitarily signlflcant positions sincere phrases. Wlth reference to the Middle able concession. Installlng tanks or misslles increases the likelihood of circumstances that East, thesa are now the stuff of orthodoxy. where it has been agreed they are not to be may require American Intervention on behalf James Reston, in a column for some of whose might be a casus beZU, but that's sparse con­ of Israel. Now Israel has never wanted, does factual and intellectual gaucheries he has al­ solation. What is required from Egypt are not ·now want, such an Intervention. More­ ready apologized, sees an obstacle to peace moves, now, that would make it more diffi­ over, a firm guarantee is a politically dubious not so much in the reluctance .of Israel itself cult and costly for Egypt to wage war later­ proposition in the U.S. The Arabs may well to make concessions, as in the anxieties of as the contemplated Israeli withdrawals reason that the Americans might renege on Israel's friends in America that territorial would make a renewed war much more dUfi­ such a guarantee in an extremity; but Israel concessions made to the Arabs wlll be the cult and costly for Israel. also is aware of that possiblllty, and thus mil1tary advantage from which a future war What ts. especially striking, and should what is being talked about should seem to begins. Tom Wicker fears Israeli defiance of make people suspicious, is Sadat's reluctance, Israel hardly a guarantee at all. an "acc~ptable" settlement-and fears also in exchange for Israeli withdrawals, to com­ The idea of an American guarantee to American (for which read Jewish) support mit his country to the politics of nonbelllg­ Israel emerged under curious auspices. Many of that defiance. Evans and Novak, Carl erence, to tell his countrymen that the jour­ of its enthusiasts have on the record no Rowan, Nicholas Von Hoffman, others, the ney of conciliation with Israel has at long demonstrable concern for Israel's security, a same and more. "Columnists are like black­ last begun. A leader who fears doing that fact that raises serious and unavoidable birds on electric wires," Eugene McCarthy might not be able to lead his country to questions about motives. Many others who used to say. "They move in groups." Every• peace; perhaps he does not want to. If he find an American guarantee an attractive where, it seems, it is assumed, "if only Israel wants to but won't say so, he limits his fiex­ alternative to measurable moves by Egypt were not so intransigent ... if only Israel lb11lty and circumscribes the strategy of ne­ adhere to n politics that would make the would retourn to the borders of June 4, gotiations by bellicose talk. By continually guarantee simply not credible. For a real 1967..•. " saying, as he did again last week, that this guarantee ·~-o Israel might require a declared History and logic alike should confound next stage entails no political commitments the easy confidence with which such im­ American interest and greater presence than on Egypt's part, Sadat bolsters those who the US now maintains in the Indian Ocean. patient sentiment~ are uttered. The fron­ want to make no political commitments to the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf. tiers existing at the outset of the six-day war Israel of any sort. If "the hero of the cross­ separated Israel and her Arab neighbors for Moreover, it Implies a commitment to pro­ ing" cannot tell his own people what he is duce certain weapons and aircraft like the 19 years, and they were not frontiers of so eager to confide to American journalists, peace or even of real truce-but frontiers big transport planes and more advanced what Arab politician can? And lf none can, fighter planes which nay face the ax in from which wars were waged and threatened. how can anyone be so sure that the problem Indeed, much of the territory in the Sinai congressional budget-making. One cannot between Israel and the Arabs is simply a all at once credibly support an American that Israel 13 now urged to restore to Arab matter of territorial adjustments, a Mideast sovereignty had already been restored twice guarantee In a very unsettled area while version of the Alsace-Lorraine question? pushing for a general retrenchment of our in exchange for guarantees that proved to be In addition, then, to earnests that draw the of no value whatever. And If this was the foreign involvements everywhere else. Nor Egyptian people into the reality of negotia­ should it be imagined that the very idea of case when the Ar!l.b governments were weak tions, Israel is justified in wanting to know and divided, when there was virtually no that the infinitely more complicated prob­ an American guarantee or protective ar­ Russian presence capable of great mischief lems with Syria or regarding the West Bank rangement with any country would appear in the area, why will the territorial . status wlll not be used sometime hence as an occa­ at this moment in history as anything more quo ante bring peace now that the Arabs sion for Egypt to abrogate the concessions it than a bedraggled remnant of the past. There are strong and relatively united, and now makes as part of an agreement on Israeli are many to blame for this, not the least the that the Russians are positioned to disrupt withdrawals. The most tangible measures in­ perpetrators of the Vietnam war. But con­ any situation not in accord with their own­ sulating a rapprochement between Israel and gressional critics of American foreign policy, and shifting-political ends? This isn't a Egypt from extraneous pressures would be an having bela... edly and not very discrlminately rhetorical question intended to bolster an indefinite or, at minimum, a long-term ex­ asserted legislative prerogatives against the Israeli minority which opposes relinquishing tension of the UN peacekeeping forces in the executive, share responsib111ty for having rendered the US incapable of acting de­ Arab lands. In the first disengagement on vac::~.ted territories, revokable only by the Suez after the Yom Kippur war, more re­ Security Council. The present mandate, re­ cisively for its own interests and those of its luctantly to be sure on the Golan, Israel newable every six months, institutionalizes allies. amply demon~trated that it would make ter­ periodic lnstabllity, and is an open Invitation While there are, then, many objections to ritorial concessions to build momentum to­ to interference from outside. To argue for less the US as cuarantor of agreements, there is ward an agreement with the Arabs. Even is to argue for making the resumption of everything to be said for the US continuing those who fault what they call "Israel trucu­ war easy. its role as broker between the adversaries. lence•• know that tn the next round of ne­ Given the depth of the conflict between Indeed, no power other than America, and gotiations the Jerusalem government is will­ the Arabs and the Israelis, it would be en­ perhaps no man other than Secretary Kis­ ing to take considerable risks to-keep alive dangering the entire process of negotiations, singer, could arpire to these historic burdens. the process so painstakingly nurtured by in fact, if one side were .to get concessions on Such achievements as there have been ln Secretary Kissinger. the cheap. It would establish a pattern of the Middle East are directly attributable to 5406 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .· March 5, 1975 him and to his persuasive powers. But the contrasts between rich and poor are quite AFL-CIO and independent ones-on be­ obligations that Israel and Egypt now as­ as shocking, lf different in nature, as they half of the labo1· provisior..s of the Sugar sume in negotiations should be to each other, were in the day of King Farouk." This situa­ Act legislation. · and not to Kissinger-if only to preserve his tion might incline Sadat to a diversionary ablllty to function as broker in future talks. adventure; but for the moment he has risked I would like to add one point of infor­ Otherwise .ny violation committed by one the enmity of fellow Arabs and allenated his mation to the memorandum. In Decem­ side may injure his crediblllty with the other. on-again-off-again Russian benefactors to ber, the Committee on Agriculture con­ In an interview with Phillp Geyelin of The pursue Kissinger's byways. Consideration for sidered the possibility of a 3-month Washington Post, Sadat carried the concept Sadat's difficulties should not oblige the extension of the then-expiring Sugar Act. of pledges to Kissinger one step further by Israelis to overlook their own strategic con­ This action would have given the com­ suggesting that the secretary personally be cerns; but his problems do suggest that the mittee the necessary time to consider re­ coming talks may begin to unlock the gen­ the guarantor of commitments reached newal legislation in the ~4th Congress through him. Mr. Geyelin thought this to eration-long political stalemate that has reflect "new flexibility" on Sadat's part. cost so many lives. without the act's expiring. If Israelis gradually to withdraw from the The reconvening of Geneva if these talks The positions of the various groups largest portions of the occupied territories, were to fall would be a perfect setting for active on sugar legislatioP was sought by then its enemies wlll have to persuade Jeru­ the parties to play to the balconies, with full committee members to determine wheth­ salem that these are not likely to be scenes pea.ce plans that don't give anything. The er it was feasible to co!ltinue with the of new battles against Israel's survival. It good offices of the United States-stigma­ legislation. Labor :aid it would not op­ is fashionable to say-the power of cliches t ized by failure-would be broken. The lnl­ pose the extension. Its spokesman again !-that, with modern weapons, terri­ tiative then would shift to the Soviet Union tory is no guarantee of security. But to think which, with the backing of the Europeans frankly told me that no benefits from a that is to have failed to learn one of the and Japan, terrorized by the specter of an­ 3-month extension would accrue to primary lessons of Indochina. With modern other oil embargo, would seek to force upon workers, yet the unions would not stand weapons, one should understand from the Israel a d ict at devoid of the preconditions or in the way of an extension. Labor would American air war against North Vietnam, you componentS of genuine peace. Sadat might actively seek the inclusion of sugar field can heap excruciating torments on a country also not be in attendance, pushed by failure worker amendments in any permanent from afar; but unless you can get into its ter­ off history's stage; or he might be there only legislation in the 94th Congress, the la­ ritory with conventional weapons and troops because the Soviets allow him once again to bor spokesman said, but not on the 3- you cannot capture it or bring it to its knees. be their client. Every disruptive influence, That is why a small country like Israel, including especially the PLO, which already month bill. with hostile borders straddling in places shows signs of decllne despite its succe:;ses In contrast, some industry groups in­ only a few kilometers of its pre-1987 terri­ on Manhattan's East River, w111 come to the sisted on changes in t!:e act in the 3- tories, is justlflably anxious about exactly fore; and the king of Saudi Arabia wlll fran­ month extension and ·r-orr£e said they where her frontiers wlll be and what armies tically be trundling his blllions behind those would oppose the measure in any case. and hardware are to be allowed beyone them. aiming in the end to undo him as eagerly as The committee then gave up the effort. Worrying about particular hills and valleys they would undo Israel. Paradoxically the I am· inserting Mr. Mayer's memoran­ is no trifle for the Israelis: It is a bare hour's king would also then be doing service for the dum in the RECORD: march from the Jordan River to Jerusalem; Russians who need ·the format of Geneva and geography itself seems almost to threaten the vehicle of the PLO to install themselves LABOR'S POSITIONS AND ACTIONS CONCERNING .both the agricultural settlements in the on Israel's eastern borders, a standing irri­ THE 1974 RENEWAL OF THE SUGAR ACT north and population centers on the coast. tant playing for stakes incompatible with a Some misconceptions have developed over The cliche about the insignificance of terri­ decent settlement. why the Sugar Act was not renewed by the tory-a distinctively American perception, It will probably not be possible to avoid House of Representatives last year. A central one thinks-crdinarily goes on to assert that Geneva in the long run. But what ultimately part concerns the role of labor. the only real guarantee of security is gen­ happens there wlll be much less Inconsistent Since a misunderstanding of labor's posi­ uine trust between. neighbors. This no doubt with a peaceful re3olution of the conflict if tion and role could cause further problems is true, but that trust can be built best-if S;~.dat's heretical tactics have paid off for concerning sugar legislation, we would like there is reason to trust at all-when neigh­ him and if Israel's territorial concessions win to tell it exactly the way it was. A good means bors obligate themselves to each other. some significant political responses from of doing that is to uEe, as a takeoff point, This is precisely the kind of trust that the Egypt . the speech of Rep. W. R. P .:> age of Texas to Secretary of State has been trying to foster. For this would mean the US diplomacy the sugar beet growers of California, as It has not been easy in the past, and it wm remains the key to· an agreeme~t between printed in the Congressional Record of Feb­ not be easier in the immediate future. What Israel and its neighbors, rather than another ruary 17. (See pages 3216-17.) is likely to develop as Kissinger shuttles back battered piece of evidence of how intractable In a discussion of the demise of the Sugar and forth between Cairo and Jerusalem is their problems are. The awful prospect of Act, Mr. Poage made the following comments something less than optimal movement to­ Geneva without successful negotiations in about labor's role: ward peace. This realistic expectation has the next stage on the Sinal should not in­ "The labor unions, whose members have provoked in many quarters, and for diverse duce a desperate Panglosslan optimism had an especially favorable !>OSition since the reasons, a backlash against the step-by-step, beginning of the program, felt that they must country-by-country structure of Kissinger's about these present talks. But it is precisely the prospect of a witches• sabbath in Ge­ make a show of having achieved some new mediation. But much of the pressure to dis­ advantage for sugar workers, and they sent pense with these particular negotiations and neva that makes the success of Secretary Kis­ singer's current efforts so vital to those who up a list of about 10 or 12 demands. Our revert to the Geneva conference derives also committee gave them 6 of the items for from the fact that it is now open season on live and otherwise might die in the Middle East. which they asked but felt we could not go Dr. Kissinger. This has much less to do with any further. The union representative felt his actual performance than with the gen­ that they could run a bluff and announced eral demoralization of American politics ·and they would support no sugar b1ll, unless it an embarrassed overreaction to an embarrass­ THE SUGAR ACT contained all of their demands." "tng exaltation of Kissinger's talents in the The following points must be made: past. Sen. Stevenson's attack on the secre­ 1. The labor-supported amendments would tary's attachment to "the myth of his own not have affected a single member of a union. personality and indispensabtllty" is under­ HON. BOB BERGLAND The amendment concerned only sugar field standable as early campaign rhetoric. But the OF MINNESOTA workers, who harvest and cultivate cane and senator's corollary proposal to reconvene IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES beets. Only in Hawail do field workers be­ Geneva is not sensible. long to unions, but the conditions of these For the strategy of peace requires first the Wednesday. March 5, 1975 laborers are far above any of those sought maximization of those interests of Egypt in the amendments. that wlll keep it out of any future fighting Mr. BERGLAND. Mr. Speaker, labor's role and actions during the considera­ 2. The conditions of U.S. sugar field work­ in the Middle East. How much more difficult ers outside Hawaii are incredibly bad. They it would be to fix on the common concerns tion of Sugar Act legislation last year work for an industry which received $90 mil­ of Israel and Egypt in a conference attended has been a source of discussion. I am in­ lion a year ln direct subsidies and perhaps by the other Arab states and with the re­ serting in the RECORD a memorandum another $360 million a year In indirect aid doubtable Gromyko in the chair. Sadat, in written by Arnold Mayer, legislative rep­ under the Sugar Act, yet the workers earned fact, does need peace. In a recent series of resentative of the Amalgamated Meat incomes less than one-half the government especially informative articles ln the British Cutters and Butcher Workmen, AFL­ poverty level. Their housing and health rec­ Guardian, David Hirst found Egypt menaced CIO, concerning this matter. ords were among the worst ln the U.S. In by "serious internal lnstablllty .. . a growth some sugar areas, field workers are in debt of violence that Is untypical of Egyptian Mr. Mayer is in a particularly good all their lives to the company store and are society • • . deep social and economic frus­ position to discuss labor's role. His union almost like indentured servants. They are trations, a sharpening of class antagonisms led the lobbying efforts of other labor among the most poverty-stricken, exploited in a country where, some people now say, organizations-both. members of the and abused group of workers in this nation. March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS' OF REMARKS 5407 (See testimony before House Agriculture members and Committee staff and again merely gives the Indian Affairs Commis­ Committee for details.) urged postponement of a final vote until the sioner increased status and a new title 3. Originally, labor supported the Equita• next day. The Committee decided not to ble Benefits Amendments, H.R. 12988, of Rep. postpone. which I expect would be conferred on William D. Ford of M•chtgan, Chairman of 7. As expected, the labor provisions were the present Commissioner, Morrie t he House Agricultural Labor Subcommittee. approved overwhelmingly over intense Com­ Thompson, who is doing a fine job ~ Depending how individual Jtems are divided, mittee opposition. During the half-hour I strongly urge my colleagues in the the blll contained between two-dozen and which intervened between the time of the House to pass this bill and provide Amer­ t hree-dozen separate efforts to improve the last labor amendment's approval and the ican Indians and Alaska Natives with condition of sugar workers. final vote, labor lobbyists distributed a appropriate policy level representation In talks with Agriculture Committee memorandum by Andrew J. Biemiller, Di­ within the Department of the Interior. members, Rep. Ford and his staff immensely rector of the Department of Legislation of scaled down the proposals while the Com­ the AFL-CIO, urging support of H.R. 14747 The bill follows: mittee considered sugar legislation in the as amended. The memo had been prepared H.R. 4344 hope of reaching an ·agreement. That agree­ in advance and held until the labor amend­ A bill to establish within the Department ment was not possible because, although the ments were approved. In addition, the labor of the Interior an additional Assistant Committee did make six changes in the then­ representatives sought out as many oppo­ Secretary of the Interior for Indian At­ existing law, it did not touch the key pro­ nents of the bill as possible and tried to fairs, and for other purposes posals of Rep. Ford. convince them to support the legislation. Be ~t enacted by the Senate and House of By the time the House considered the Progress was made, but time was too short .Representatives of the United States of sugar legislation, Rep. Ford had scaled down to discuss a very complex bill on which there America in Congress assembled, That there the proposals further until only four re­ was strong feeling with so many Members. shall be in the Department of the Interior, mained. These amendments were considered in addition to the Assistant Secretaries now so moderate that the House approved the provided for by law, one additional Assistant first by a 244-143 recorded teller vote, the Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, second by a 233-151 recorded teller, the third INTRODUCTION OF A BILL TO ES­ who shall be appointed by the President by by a 79-32 division and the fourth by voice TABLISH AN ASSISTANT SECRE· and with the advice and consent of the vote. TARY FOR INDIAN AFFAIRS Senate, who shall be responsible for such 4. During the two-week period between duties as the Secretary of the Interior shall the Committee approval of H.R. 14747 and prescribe with respect to the conduct of House consideration, various Congressmen Indian affairs, and who shall receive com­ and labor representatives urged Committee HON. DON YOUNG pensation at the rate now or hereafter pre­ members, key Committee staffers and sugar OF ALASKA scribed by law for Assistant Secretaries of industry representatives to consider approval IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE..'fl'ATIVES the Interior. of the four scaled-down labor provisions. SEc. 2. Section 5315 of title 5 of the United The labor representatives pointed out that Wednesday, March 5, 1975 States Code is amended by striking out "6" the union would take a neutral position on Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Spe'aker, I at the end of item (18) and by inserting in renewal of the Sugar Act until the four la­ lieu thereof "(7)", bor provisions were assured. Labor would am introducing today a bill to establish neither oppose nor support renewal without within the Department of the Interior SEc. 3. Section 462, Revised Statutes, as the additional provisions. · the position of Assistant Secretary for amended and supplemented (25 U.S.C. 1), Labor representatives also told Commit­ and paragraph (45) of section 5316 of title Indian Affairs and to abolish the posi· 5 of the United States Code, are repealed: tee personnel and industry representatives tion of Commissioner of Indian Affairs. that the Sugar Act appeared to be in serious Provtded, That this section shall not take trouble, according to an incomplete vote By elevating the Commissioner to the effect until an Assistant Secretary of the count. They named specific Congressmen, status of Assistant Secretary, this bill Interior for Indian Affairs has been con­ representing a wide cross-section of the will provide American Indians and firmed and takes the oath of office. ·House, who apparently intended to vote Alaska Natives with a policy level ad­ against the bill. The unions suggested that ministrator and spokesman. Although the Committee also accept a consumer the Commissioner is supposed to be in amendment and shorten the life of the blll charge of Federal Indian matters, he CALIFORNIA DREAMIN' JUST A from five to three years as a means of at­ "JET-LAG" tracting more votes for it. Interestingly, nei­ has for years been required to report to ther the Committee :por the industry sought an Assistant Secretary who reports to to make a vote count on the legislation. the Under Secretary who reports to the HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE 5. The day before the House considered Secretary of the Interior. American In­ the sugar legislation, a labor representative dians and Native people need recognition OF MISSOURI talked to several members of the Committee and strong representation at the highest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and top staff. He said that no agreement level in the Department of the Interior, Wednesday, March 5, 1975 on the labor provisions was likely or neces­ sary anymore. The labor amendments would because policy decisions by other depart­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, since apparently easily pass on the House floor. ment bureaus and agencies can have far­ one of the problems in Congress is a staff However, the position of the unions still was reaching effects on them. It is only log­ and a press in Washington that too of­ that the labor amendments had to be as­ ical and fair that their interests be rep­ ten have too little idea of what goes on sured before labor could abandon its neutral l'esented at the policy-making level. back in the district, and a staff and a stance and work for renewal. He again This is not a new idea. It was pro­ urged that an amendment concerning con­ posed in 1970 as part of the administra­ press in the district that have too little sumers and a change from five to three years tion's legislative package to implement idea of what takes place in Washington, in the duration of the bill would aid pas­ I think the following article by ow· col­ sage, but these were only suggestions. its policy of self-determination for league, ToM REES of California, may lead He pointed out that labor provisions were American Native people. Although not to a better understanding at least on the among the last parts of the bill and sug­ opposed on merit, Assistant secretary part of some: gested that the bill be carried through the legislation has nonetheless failed to Committee of the Whole on June 5, but final reach the President's desk. In the 93d [As reprinted in "Roll can:• March 6, 1975] passage be delayed until June 6, so that labor Congress the House approved an Assist­ CALD'ORNIA DREAMIN' JUST A "JET·LAG"- representatives could have some time to dis­ ant Secretary b111. H.R. 620, by a wide How I SPENT MY LINCOLN'S BIRTHDAY cuss the legislation with Congressmen and VACATION, BY TOMMY REES, AGE 49 urge renewal of the Act in view of the ap­ margin. However, the Senate saddled it Dear Teacher: proval of the labor provisions by then. with a nongermane amendment to the I just wanted to let you know what a keeu 6. During the House consideration of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act time I've been having on my vacation. bill, Rep. Peter Peyser of New York could which the House, in its wisdom, saw fit Monday and Tuesday I spent right here in not get the needed number of members to to reject. The Assistant Secretaryship the Nation's Capital trying to catch up on support a request for recorded tellers for was an unfortunate casualty. This year two months of letters and constituent prob· several of his amendments. In discussions I am hopeful that the proposal will avoid lema which had been plling up. As you know, with Congressmen coming off the floor, the a similar fate. the first three weeks of this Congress pro­ labor representatives found that this devel­ duced more changes in the system than had opment did not demonstrate any strength One of the best aspects of this b111 is been seen in the last fifty years. With cau­ of the bUl, but a weakness. Many members that it does not create a single new cuses and committee organizational meet­ did not want to bother to change the bUl job in the executive bureaucracy. If it ings, It had been hard to find time for office With the Peyser amendments, but to kill the did, I would probably oppose it, because work. measure. The union representatives trans­ there is already far too much dead The first real thrill of my vacation was my mitted this message to some Committee ·weight on the,Federal payroll. This bill airplane ride to Los Angeles early Wednesday 5408 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975

morning. I just love hurtling across the Saturday morning following a working in the inflationary spiral. And, 1f the expan­ country past those time zones, building up breakfast, then a brunch for political sup­ sion of regulation goes on at its present rate, that jet lag. porters at 10:30 AM and after saying hello such price increases could produce a stagnani I landed at the L.A. airport, rented a car, to my friends giving a talk and answering economy. hit the san Diego Freeway, switched to the questions and hearing concerns on the Ford The argument over health care provides a santa Monica Freeway, and took the turnoff energy plan rushed off at 11:55 AM to hit classic example of the way the present system to Hollywood for a radio station taping, and the San Diego Freeway to the airport to works. Health insurance plans before congress then a television interview. Reached my Los catch the 12:45 PM United 54 for Wash- are usually discussed in terms of how much Angeles Westside district office at 3 PM just ington. , they wlll cost federal or state governments in time for my appointment With a local A faulty control board light kept us on the In tax money. Whlle these figures are of ob­ candidate for a picture-taking session. Then I runway for 45 minutes before we took off. vious Importance, the true cost of any such met with my constituents: aerospace work­ Guess what, the plane had a movie I After plan must include the additional expenses ers concerned about their salary problems; the ftlght engineer fixed the projector, it the plan will impose on employers and em­ someone who wanted to run for Congress was pretty good. ployees. If those additional expenses are from another district (probably envious of We landed at 9 PM Washington time, and paid by the employers, they wlll be reftected, our vacations); an architer.t who wanted I got home at 10 PM. By now I'd adjusted sooner or later, in prices. If they are paid consideration by the General Services Ad­ to the east-west time lag and couldn't get by employees, they wm be reflected In a loss ministration; a political science student who to sleep unt111:30 AM. of buying power. In either case, they are interviewed me; people who were worried Once home I read the paper and saw that real costs, just as tax increases are real about brokerage commissions on the Chicago the President had just returned from New costs. Option Exchange; a person who wanted to be York--stlll raising Cain about Congress's Congress has taken note of one aspect appointed to a newly-formed commission: a .. vacation." of this problem by requiring that the Presi­ businessman having problems with the Small But it was a good vacation. I was able to dent's budget set out as "tax expenditures" Business Administration. return to my district and talk to a lot of those losses in tax revenues that result from Skipped dinner to be on time at the West­ constituents, and again I realize that there deductions or tax credits used to encourage side Democratic Forum meeting at 8 PM in ls more to being a Congressman than be­ economic activities. But it needs to go fur­ Santa Monica. Made the speech, survived the lieving everything I hear in Washington. ther. In order to get a true picture of the question and opinion session, and got to Somehow, after the vacation in my Congres­ full costs of a. health plan or noise reduction bed by 10:80 PM which was 1:30AM Wash­ sional District, I had a better idea of what regulation or any other federal program, Con­ ington time. I should be doing here in Washington. gress needs an "economic tmpact" statement Thursday the day began at 4:30 AM be­ not unlike the environmental impact state­ cause I woke up. I woke up because It was Tommy Rees is a Democratic Congressman ments now required of many construction 7:30 AM washington time. Read over ma­ from California who reads automobile programs. Then it could know how much a terial I was going to use at my 9:30AM press bumper stickers on the Santa Monica Free­ particular program or set of regulations really conference downtoun. Phoned across the way to pass away time during rush hours. costs. country to Washington to find out how This 1s not to suggest that things llke things were going at home and at the office. health insurance or safety regulations or meat My office informed me that the President inspection programs should be postponed or had just come back from a trip to Houston abandoned. Rather, it is to suggest that COn­ and Topeka and was about to go to New IT IS TIME FOR ECONOMIC IMPACT gress and the public should be aware of the York City, all the whlle chiding Congress STATEMENTS full costs of the legislation it approves-and for taking a vacation while he worked hard of the individuals or institutions that wm trying to solve the energy problem by flying be made to bear those costs. We suspect that around the country chiding Congress! HON. DEL CLAWSON 1f Congress recognized the full cost of some At the press conference I chided the Presi­ OF CALIFORNIA of the information federal agencies now dent on his energy program which would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gather or of some of the health and safety raise petroleum prices 6'7%, rekindle infta­ regulations that have been imposed, it would tion, and ruin the economy. Then drove to Wednesday, March 5, 1975 cut back certain federal activities. The bene­ the Hollywood Freeway to the Ventura Free­ Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, 1! fits, in some instances, of the information or way to my San Fernando Valley office. the regulations would hardly seem com­ After checking In there, my first stop was a we could personalize the law of gravity mensurate with the costs. And, in a time of visit with a women's group concerned about impatiently awaiting Isaac Newton's con­ tnfiatlon and recession, any unnecessary cost the economy and the Ford oil plan. They clusion upon being hit on the head with Imposed by government on business or in­ were deeply concerned. Then had a staff that legendary apple, it might be possible dividuals simply increases the agony. lunch in Tarzana, had a radio interview on to understand the proprietary emotions problems of banks overextending themselves; of many of us in the Congress upon read­ met a candidate for City Council; listened ing this morning's Washington Post. An to a group of people who oppose smoking and economic verity which we have been MIDEAST PEACE? tobacco subsidies: heard thoughts from a preaching for years has at last been "dis­ local Democratic leader in th~ Valley; re­ ceived a plea from someone W'ho wanted a covered" and we are both exhilarated straight answer from the authorities on a and relieved. At this point in the RECORD, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN bank charter; heard a complaint from a I would like to include for the informa­ OF !LASSACEnJSETTS traveling salesman who did not want gaso­ tion of my colleagues the editorial en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES line rationing, and then spent fifteen min­ titled "It's Time for Economic Impact Wednesday, March 5, 1975 utes with a student who was writing a Statements." High time. The editorial thesis. follows: Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I reproduce Thursday, 5:15PM: The Ventura Freeway here an extraordinarily perceptive article to the Hollywood Freeway-the traffic was IT's TIME FOR ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENTS about Israel and the Middle East from moving like glue-to the press club for a The scope of new government programs the March 8 issue of the New Republlc retirement reception for an old colleague and regulations has never expanded so from county government. Next grabbed a rapidly as it has in the pa.st decade, except, magazine. short dinner in Hollywood with a reporter perhaps, during the early days of the New This particular editorial sharpens in a friend, then drove back to the Valley on the Deal. Since the mid-1960s, federal legislation most useful and indeed brilliant manner freeways to Woodland H11ls for a house meet­ and administration orders have set new the dilemmas in the Middle East and the ing wit'!l community leaders concerned with standards for air, water, noise, meat, poultry, options available to all of the interested the economy, international oil problems, and fabrics, land sales, boats, paint, credit trans­ parties. the tensions in the Middle East. was back actions, industrial safety, and employment The editorial follows: at Westside and In bed by 11:15 PST. practices-to mention but a few. All of these Friday morning: The San Diego Freeway regulations involved efforts to improve the MIDEAST PEACE? to the Ventura Freeway for an 8 AM local quality of llfe !or some or all citizens, and Isr81el has become in world affairs a pariah Valley press conference. Had a staff meeting most have had a measure of success. Some nation. Why this is so ls both complicated at the Tarzana office reviewing constituent have required the expenditure of large sums and simple: Israel is, alter all, the polltlcal cases and local problems; gave a short speech of tax money, while others have not. All, expression of a historically oppressed people, at a senior citizens' Valentlme party in Sher­ however, cost somebody something, and the and the power of Arab on is Just now great man Oaks; went back to the Ventura and costs that don't show up ln tax bllls tend enough to sway both the weak and the San Diego Freeways !or a lunch in Beverly sooner or later to show up ln price Increases. mighty to Joln the anti-Israel chorus. Surely, Hills; then went to the Westside office for a As Murray L. Weidenbaum makes clear in a as two prominent French leftist intellectuals meeting on the upcoming school board elec­ new study, a portion of which appears else­ wrote recently in Le Monde. tt is not that tions, and a staff meeting to review con­ where on this page today, those price in­ Israel can be seen on any comparative scale-­ stituent cases and local problems. creases have been a signlftca.nt component whether measured against Communist, Wea• March 5, 1975 E ENSIONS OF REMARKS 5409 tern, Arab, or Third World countries-as a Sinai peninsula and an Israeli withdrawal concrete movement toward final settlement monster stat'!. Whn.tever the reasons for the would be a surrender of significant strategic by the two countries. lopsided anti-Israel majorities in various UN advantage. Kissinger had been drawn into the discus­ agencies or behind the hostile rhetoric of To the extent that risk is assumed, Israel sion of guarantees by the persistent Russian intrinsically indifferent political figures from is entitled to reciprocal-if necessarlly asym­ offer to "guarantee" Israel's 1967 borders. distant and otherwise preoccupied countries, metrical-political concessions from Egypt. The Soviets, of course, are wholly without the implications of the new mood are cleu­ While the signals from Cairo have been con­ bona fides on this matter, and Kissinger is and they constitute a peril to the security of fusing, perhaps deliberately so, the Egyptians in any case suspicious of their intentions. Israel. do not yet seem to be particularly concilia~ There is no justification, though, he reasoned The persuasive capacity of insincere analy­ tory. No doubt agreement to the demilitariza­ correctly, for abjuring an American guaran­ sis seems to be without match, and there 1s tion of the relinquished territories is a pre­ tee at some unspecified point in the future. a particular virulence to the contagion of in­ requisite of any Israeli withdrawal. But as But he knows, a.s surely the Israelis and sincere phrases. With reference to the Mid­ with a decision to allow Israeli cargoes Arabs know too, what is wrong with a, dle East, these are now the stuff of ortho­ through the canal, this is an easily revok­ guarantee now. doxy. James Reston, in a column for some able concession. Installing tanks or missiles In the absence of tangible Arab, or in this of whose factual and intellectual gaucheries where it has been agreed they are not to instance, Egyptian, steps toward peace, an he has already apologized, sees an obstacle to be might be a casus belli, bu~ that's sparse American guarantee to Israel upon its with­ peace not so much in the reluctance of Israel consolation. drawal from militarily slgnificant positions itself to make concessions, as in the anxieties What is required from Egypt are moves, increases the likelihood of circumstances that of Israel's friends in America that territorial now, that would make it more dimcult and may require American intervention on behalf concessions made to the Arabs will be the costly for Egypt to wage war later-as the of Israel. Now Israel has never wanted, does mi11tary advant:l.ge from which a future war contemplated Israeli withdrawals would not now want, such an intervention. More­ begins. Tom Wicker fears Israeli defiance of m:1ke a renewed war much more dimcult and over, a firm guarantee is a politically dubious an "acceptable" settlement--and fears also costly for Israel. proposition in the US. The Arabs may well American (for which read Jewish) support What is especially striking, and should reason that the Americans might renege on of that defiance. Evans and Novak, Carl malre people suspict.ous, is Sadat's reluctance, such a guarantee in an extremity; but Israel Rowan, Nicholas Von Hoffman, others, the in exchange for Israeli withdrawals, to com­ also is aware of that possibility, and thus same and more. "Columnists are like black­ mit his country to the politics of nonbel­ what is being tal'ked about should seem to birds on electric wires," Eugene McCarthy ligerence, to tell his countrymen that the Israel hardly a guarantee at all. used to say. "They move in grou!)s." Every­ journey of conciliation with Israel has at The idea of an American guarantee to where, it seems, it is assumed, "if only Israel long last begun. A leader who fears d·oing I'='rael emerged under curious auspices. Many were not so intransigent . . . if only Israel that might not be able to lead his country of its enthusiasts have on the record no would return to the borders · of June 4, to peace; perhaps he does not want to. If demonstrable concern for Israel's security, a 1967 ...." he wants to but won't say so, he limits hL~ fact that raises serious and unavoidable History and logic alike should confound flexibility and circumscribes the strategy questions about motives. Many others who the easy confidence with which such im­ of negotiations by bellicose talk. By con­ find an American guarantee an attractive patient sentiments are uttered. The frontiers tinually saying, as he did again last week, alternative to measurable moves by Egypt existing at the outset of the six-day war that this next stage entails no political com­ adhet·e to a politics that woulll make the separated Israel and her Arab neighbors for mitments on Egypt's part, Sadat bolsters guarantee simply not credible. For a real 19 years, and they were not frontiers of those v.ho want to make no political 00m­ guarantee to Israel might require a dec19.red peace or even of real truce-but frontiers mitme:nts to Israel of any s~rt. If "the hero American interest and greater presence than from which wars were waged and threatened. of the crossing" cannot tell his own people the US now maintains in the Indian Ocean, Indeed, much of the territory in the Sinai what he is so eager to confide to American the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf. that Israel is now urged to restore to Arab journalists, what Arab politician can? And if Moreover, it implies a commitment to pro­ sovereignty had already been restored twice none can, how can anyone be so sure that duce certain weapons and aircraft like the in exchange for guarantees that proved to be the problem between Israel and the Arabs is big transport planes and more advanced of no value whatever. And if this was the simply a matter of territorial adjustments, a fighter planes which may face the ax in case when the Arab governments were weak Mideast version of the Alsace-Lorraine ques­ congressional budget-making. One cannot all and divided, when there was virtually no tion? at once credibly support an American guar­ Russian presence capable of great mischief In addition, then, to earnests that draw antee in a very unsettled area while pushing in the area, why will the territorial status quo the Egyptian people into the reality of nego­ for a general retrenchment of our foreign in­ ante bring peace now that the Arabs are tiations, Israel is justified in wanting to volvements everywhere else. Nor should lt be strong and relatively united, and now that know that the infinitely more complicated imagined that the very idea of an American the Russians are positioned to disrupt any problems with Syria or regarding the West guarantee or protective arrangement with situation not in accord with their own­ Bank will not be used sometime hence as any country would appear at this moment and shifting-political ends? This isn't a an occasion for Egypt to abrogate the con­ in history as anything more than a bedrag­ l"hetorical question intended to bolster an cessions it makes as part of an agreement gled remnant of the past. There are many Israel minority which opposes relinquishing on Israeli withdrawals. The most tangible to blame for this, not the least the perpetra­ Arab lands. In the first disengagement on measures insulating a rapprochement be­ tors of the Vietnam war. But congre<>sional Suez after the Yom Kippur ware, more reluc­ tween Israel and Egypt from extraneous pres­ critics of American foreign policy, having be· tantly to be sure on the Golan, Israel amply sures would be an indefinite or, at minimum, latedly and not very discriminatingly as­ demonstrated that it would make territorial a long-term extension of the UN peacekeep­ serted legislative prerogatives again<>t the concessions to build momentum toward an ing forces in the vacated territories, revok­ executive, share responc:ib11ity for having agreement with the Arabs. Even those who able only by the Security Connell. The pres­ rendered the US incapable of acting deci· fault what they call "Israeli truculence" ent mandate, renewable every stx months, sively for its own interests and those of its know that in the next round of negotiations institutionalizes periodic Instability, and Is ames. the Jerusalem government is willing to take an open Invitation to interference from out­ While there are, then, many objections to considerable risks to keep alive the process side. To argue for less is to argue for making the US as guarantor of agreements, there is so painstakingly nurtured by Secretary Kis­ the resumption of war easy. everything to be said for the US continuing singer. Given the depth of the conflict between its role as broker between the adversarlec;. The question in the next days, however, the Arabs and the Israelis, it would be en­ Indeed, no power other than America, and is not what Israel will give up; it is rather dangering the entire process of negotiations, perhaps no man other than Secretary Ki<>­ what Egypt will give in return. It is sheer in fact, if one side were to get concessions singer, could aspire to these historic burdens. sloganeering to say, as some rather casually on the cheap. It would establish a pattern of Such achievements as there have been in the have, that since lt is Egypt's land that is at unrealistic expectations without creating Middle East are directly attl'ibutable to him issue, that country is obliged to give little or relationships between old foes on which a and to his persuasive powers. But the obliga­ nothing to reclaim it. For what is expected peaceful future for the region depends. tions that Israel and Egypt now assume in of Israel is no small gesture toward Cairo. What with the difficulties encountered so negotiations should be to each other, and not In the present environment, no one can un­ far in eliciting significant concessions from to Kissinger-if only to preserve his ability derestimate the importance of fuel-poor Egypt--not, it should be noted, in eliciting to function· as brolter in future talks. Israel's withdrawing from the Abu Rhodeis such from Israel-an assortment of journal­ Otherwise any violation committed by one oil fields at the tip of the Gulf of Suez, which ists and politicians have fixed on the notion side may injure his credibility with the other. have met half of Israel's petroleum needs In an interview with Philip Geyelln of The during the last seven years. nor, in an un­ of American guarantees to Israel as a sub­ stable situation, will the Shah's pledge to stitute for an accord between the two con­ Washington Post, Sadat carried the concept Kissinger to supply Israel's oil needs be tending parties. In a discussion with New of pledges to Kissinger one step further by fully reassuring. But the Mitla and Gidl Republic editors last week, Kissinger said suggesting that the secretary personally be passes, which are part of the anticipated that an American guarantee by treaty or the guarantor of commitments reached bounty of negotiations, constitute an even otherwise would be only "icing on the cake," through him. Mr. Geyelin thought this to more vexing ·problem for the Israelis. These that such guarantees would make sense only reflect "new flexibility" on Sadat's part. mountain passes control the rest of the once there were actual agreements on and If Israelis gradually to withdraw from the 5410 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · March 5, 1975 largest portions of the occupied territories, political stalemate that has cost so many graph testing 1n connection with seeking then its enemies wm have to persuade Jeru­ llves. employment and thereafter !or varied rea­ salem that these are not likely to be scenes The reconvening of Geneva 1f these talks sons while employed.• It is reported that of new battles against Israel's survival. It 1s were to fall would be a perfect setting for each year approximately 200,000 persons in fashionable to say-the power of cliches the parties to play to the balconies, with full private employment-as well as thousands again !-that, with modern weapons, territory peace plans that don't give anything. The of other employees ln federal, state a.nd local 1s no guarantee of security. But to think that good offices of the United States-stigmatiZed governments-take polygraph examinatlons.ll 1s to have falled to learn one of the primary by fallure-would be broken. The initiative Employers frequently justify the use of poly­ lessons of Indochina. With modern weapons, then would shift to the Soviet Union which, graph testing on the grounds that lt (a) one should understand from the American with the backing of the Europeans and ferrets out undesirable applicants for em­ a1r war against North Vietnam, you can heap Japan, terrorize:! by the specter of another ployment and (b) constitutes a useful device excruciating torments on a country from on embargo, would seek to force upon Israel to assist employers in security matters.a Not afar; but unless you can get into its territory a dictat devoid of the preconditions or com­ surprisingly, the polygraph service business with conventional weapons and troops you ponents of genuine peace. Sadat might also has been growing. It is estlm9.ted that there cannot capture it or bring 1t to its knees. not be in attendance, pushed by !allure- off are now between 4,000 and 5,000 polygraph That is why a small country like Israel, with history's stage; or he mlgh t be there only be­ practitioners ln the United States.4 hostile borders straddling in places only a cause the Soviets allow him once agun to be The polygraph machine, or lle detector as few kilometers of its pre-1967 territories, is their client. Every disruptive infiuence, in­ it Is commonly called, attempts to analyze a justlftably anxious about exactly where her cluding especially the PLO, which already machine's reaction to the uncontrolled vari­ frontiers wlll be and what armies and hard­ shows signs of decllne despite its successes ations in physiological responses, such as ware are to be allowed beyond them. Worry­ on Manhattan's East River, will come to the bloo:l pressure, perspiration fiow and breath­ ing about particular hills and valleys is no fore; and the king of Saudi Arabia will ing, generated in the subject by emotional trlfie for the Israelis: It is a bare hour's frantically be trundling his billions behind stress caused by requiring the subject to march from the Jordan River to Jerusalem; those aiming in the end to undo him as reply to questions propounded by the poly­ geography itself seems almost to threaten eagerly as they would undo Isnel. Paradoxi­ graph operator.5 Thus, In the employment both the agricultural settlements in the cally the king would also then be doing serv· context, the usual practice is for the poly­ north and population centers on the coast. lee for the Russians who need the format of graph operator to ask the employee a series The cliche about the lnsignlftcance of terri­ Geneva and the vehicle of the PLO to install of probing questions relating to personally tory-a distinctly American perception, one themselves on Israel's eastern borders, a sensitive areas such as the employee's family thlnks-ordinarly goes on to assert that the standing irritant playing for stakes incom­ background, sex life, polltlcal views and only real guarantee of security is genuine patible with a decent settlement. personal relations. Such questioning usually trust between neighbors. This no doubt ls It w111 probably not be possible to avoid covers a much broader area of inquiry than Geneva ln the long run. But what ultimately is normally. followed by law enforcement true. but that trust can be built best-if agents. To Ulustrate-ln the law enforce­ there 1s reason to trust at all-when neigh­ happens there wtll be much less inconsistent with a peaceful resolution of the confilct lf ment area, polygraph examinations are nor­ bors obllgate themselves to each other. Sadat's heretical tactics have paid off for him mally limited to determining whether an This is precisely the kind of trust that the and lf Israel's territorial concessions win individual 1s replying truthfully to ques­ Secretary of State has been trying to foster. some significant polltical responses from tions specifically relating to whether the It has not been easy in the past, and it wm Egypt. subject did or did not commit a particularly not be easier in the immediate future. What For this would mean that U.S. diplomacy alleged act of criminal conduct. ls likely to develop as Kissinger shuttles back remains the key to an agreement between The principal objections to the use of and forth between Cairo and Jerusalem is Isnel and its neighbors, rat:1er than another polygraph testing in the employment context something less than optimal movement to­ battered piece of evidence of how intractable may be summarized as follows: (a) Neither ward peace. This realistic expectation has their problems are. The awful prospect of the rellabUlty of the data obtained from poly­ provoked ln many quarters, and for diverse Geneva without successful negotiations in graph testing nor the validity of the conclu­ reasons, a backlash against the step-by-step, the next stage on the Sinal should not induce sions drawn therefrom has been sclentlftcally country-by-country structure of Kissinger's a desperate Panglosslan optimism about established; (b) the use of polygraph test­ mediation. But much of the pressure to dis­ these present talks. But it is precisely the ing infringes upon an individual's personal pense with these particular negotiations and prospect of a witches• sabbath in Geneva autonomy and privacy; and (c) the com­ revert to the Geneva conference derives also that m~kes the success of Secretary Kissin­ pulsory use of polygraph testing, because of from the fact that it 1s now open season on ger's current efforts so vital to those who 11 ve the need to strap a person to a machine and Dr. Kissinger. This has much less to do with a.nd otherwise might die ln the Middle East. ask him a wide range of questions, constitutes his actual performance than with the gen­ an affront to the individual's sense of per· eral demoralization of American politics and sonal dignity. Other arguments raised against an embarrassed overreaction to an embarrass­ the use of polygraph testing are that 1t vio­ ing exaltation of Kissinger's talents ln the ON POLYGRAPH TESTING lates the fundamental view that "one is in­ past. Sen. Stevenson's attack on the Secre­ nocent until proven guilty," that it forces tary's attachment to "the myth of his own the subject into a position of sel!-1ncrlm1na­ personality and indispensability" 1s under­ tion, and that it represents an lllegal search standable as early campaign rhetoric. But HON. EDWARD I. KOCH and seizure of the subjects thoughts, at­ the senator's corollary proposal to reconvene OF NEW YORK titudes and bellefs.8 Geneva is not sensible. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES While the use of polygraph testing may in . For the strategy of peace requires first the Wednesday, March 5, 1975 some Instances ease personnel administra­ maximization of those interests of Egypt that tion and assist ln maintaining security, there wm keep it out of any future fighting in the Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker. as a part appear to be alternative means ava!lable to Middle East. How much more diffi·cult it of my legislative efforts to safeguard the the employer to accomplish these alms such would be to fix on the common concerns of privacy of individuals, I have sponsored as the use of less restricted pre-employment Israel and Egypt in a conference attended by legislation to control the use of poly­ interviews, the careful assessment of refer­ the other Arab states and with the redoubta­ ences, the investigation of prior work his­ ble Gromyko in the ch:1ir. Sadat, in fact, does graph testing in employment. I have tory, the creation of probationary work trial need peace. In a recent series of especially in­ recently amended H.R. 564 and reintro­ periods and the use of a wide variety of read­ formative articles in the British Guardian, duced it as H.R. 2596, which places an ily available security procedures and devices. David Hirst found Egypt menaced by "seri­ absolute prohibition on such testing. A Although use of the lie detector test may be ous internal instabUlty ... a growth of vio­ report on polygraph testing in employ­ the least costly method,7 th~ economic sav­ lence that is untyplcal of Egyptian society .•. ment by the Committee on Federal Leg­ ings alone are not large enough to justify deep social and economic frustrations, a islation of the New York State Bar Its use. sharpening of chss antagonisms in a coun­ Association has been invaluable in the LEGAL STATUS OF POLYGRAPH TEST try where, some people now say, contrasts recasting of this bill. Because it has been Polygraph test results have almost unl· between rich and poor are quite as shocking, formly been barred as evidentiary material 1f different in nature, as they were in the day so instrumental, I am including the text of the report. as follows. in both the federal 8 and state 9 courts. chief­ of King Farouk." This situation might in­ ly on the ground that such data 1s scientUl­ cline Sadat to a diversionary adventure; but REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FEDERAL LEGIS• cally unreliable. Interestingly. J. Edgar for the moment he has risked the enmity of LATION ON POLYGRAPH TESTING IN EMPLOY• Hoover, the late director o! the Federal Bu­ fellow Arabs and alienated his on-again-off­ :MENT* reau of Investigation. publicly expressed an again Russian benefactors to pursue Kissin­ 'USE OF POLYGRAPH BY EMPLOYERS opinion that polygraph tests were scientlft­ ger's byways. Consideration for Sadat's dtm­ Employees in both the public and private cally unreliable,10 Slmllarly, there 1s ample cultles should not oblige the Israelis to over­ employment sector in·the United States are evidence indicating that arbitrators, particu­ look their own strategic concerns: but his increasingly being forced to submit to poly- larly tn the labor arbitration fteld. have re­ problems do suggest that the coming talks jected polygraph testing data as admissible may begin to unlock the generation-long Footnotes at end of article. evidence in arbitration proceedlngs.u At March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5411 present, 15 states have made the use of the employee in his relationship with his em­ such tests, wished to offer the results in sup­ polygraph tests in the employment context ployer. I! this revision is not accepted, con­ port of their respective defenses. See discus­ Ulegal, unless it can be establ1shed that an sideration might be given to adding a proviso sion of these two cases in the New York Law employee has voluntarlly consented to sub­ to H.R. 688 that any reference in the em­ Journal, p. 4, October 27, 1972. See also mit to such a test.11 Another 17 states have ployee's files and records or any written discussion about similar California decision chosen to regulate polygraph operators notation by the employer of a refusal by the in New York Law Journal, November 10, 1972. through comprehensive licensing statutes employee to consent to a polygraph test must 11 For example, People v. Forte, 279 N.Y. 294 which require the creation of regulatory be expunged. (1938); State v. Bohner, 210 Wis. 651 (1933); boards for the certification of polygraph op­ Respectfully submitted. People v. Becker, 300 Mich. 562 (1942); and erators.13 Robert c. Mlller, Chairman, Theodore w. State v. Cole, 35 Mo. 181 (1945); People v. These boards normally have the power to Allls, J. Raymond Bell, Mark K. Benen­ Leone, 25 N.Y. 2d 511 (1969); People v. Jacob­ revoke for stated reasons licenses previously son, John C. Bivona, Joseph P. Burke, son, Queens County, Supreme Court, Crim­ granted. While over the last several years William F. Connell, John P. Cuddahy, inal Term ( 1972) as discussed by New York bills on the subject have been introduced In A. W. Driver, Jr., Stephen V. Dubin, Law Journal, November 15, 1972. the New York State Legislature, no bill has James W. Fay, Gerard Flshberg, Alan 10 Warren Commission Report, p. 815. been passed either making the polygraph test W. Granwell, Joel B. Harris, Robert N. u For example, Marathon Elec. Mfg. Corp., Ulegal In the employment context or creat­ Landes, Ronald B. Mole, Michael J. 31 Lab. Arb. 1040 (1959); United MUls, Inc., ing a regulatory scheme to govern polygraph O'Connor, John F. Rellly, Leslie Stein­ 63-1 CCH Lab. Arb. 8179 (Mlller 1988); Ram­ use.14 au, III, Robert L. Tooker, Robert R. sey Steel Co., Inc., 66-CCH Lab. Arb. 8310 Several legal writers have expressed the Troup, Robert H. Werbel. (Carmichael 1966); Safeway Inwood Service view that the use of polygraph testing on a FOOTNOTES Station, 44 LA 769 (Kornblum 1965). How­ compulsory basis In the employment context • This report is based on the work of the ever, evidence of a polygraph test was ad­ violates the federal constitutional rights of Subcommittee on Polygraph Testing in Em­ mitted but not given significant weight, in the subject, under the First, Fourth, Fifth ployment, Robert N. Landes, Chairman. Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp., 67-1 CCH and Fourteenth Amendments to the Federal Neither the Executive Committee nor the Lab. Arb. 8378 (Doyle 1967). Constitution.15 Support ::or this position may New York State Bar Association as a whole u Alaska Stat.§ 23.10.037 (1964); Cal. Labor be found in the Supreme Court decision in has taken any position on these recommen­ Code § 432.2 (1953); Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. Griswold. v. Connecticut,to which held uncon­ dations. § 31-51 ( 1967); Del. Code Ann. tit. 19, § 705 stitutional a Connecticut state statute for­ (1953); Hawaii Rev. Laws § 378-21 (1965); 1 N.Y. Times, October 29, 1972 at p. 3 of bidding the dissemination of birth control Sunday Business and Financial Review. For Md. Ann. Code art. 100 § 95 ( 1966); Mass. information and the use of contraceptive a thorough discussion of the legal aspects of Gen. Laws ch. 149 § 198 (1963): Mich. Comp. devices. The Supreme Court found that the polygraph testing see Alan F. Westin, Privacy Laws Ann. § 338.1728 (1973); Minn. Stat. ch. Connecticut statute violated the constitu­ and Freedom ( 1967), Chapter Nine, "Truth 181.75 (1973); Mont. H. B. 787 (3 CCH Em­ tional right of privacy of the litigants. The Through Stress," 211-241 (hereinafter cited ployment Practices, Mont. 1125,080 (May 16, Court noted that requiring an individual to as "Westin"); and Donald H. J. Hermann III, 1974) ); N.J. Rev. Stat.§ 2A:170-90.1 (1966); expose his beliefs, attitudes and associations Privacy, The Prospective Employee, and Em­ Ore. Rev. Stat. §§ 639. 225.990 (1963); Pa. chills the free exercise of First Amendment ployment Testing; The Need to Restrict Poly­ Stat. Ann. tit. 18 § 4666.1 (1989); R. I. Gen. constitutional rights. However, the constitu­ graph and Personality Testing, 47 Washing­ Laws Ann.§ 28.6.1-2 (1964); Wash. Rev. Code tionality of the polygraph test has not yet ton Law Review, 73-153 (1971) (hereinafter § 49.44.120 (1965). been 11 tigated. cited as "Hermann"). 13 Ala. Code tit. 46 § 274 (1971): Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 71-2201 to -2225 (1967); Fla. Stat. H.R. 688, PROHIBITING POLYGRAPH TESTING 2 N.Y. Times, November 22, 1971 at p. 1 and p. 45. Ann. §§ 493.40-56 (1967): Ga. Code Ann. H.R. 688 was introduced in the 93d Con­ §§ 84-5001 -5016 (1968): Jll. Ann. Stat. ch. gress by Representative Koch on January 3, a See Westin at 236-237; Hermann 73-74. See also Inbau and Reid, The Lie-Detector 38 §§ 202-1 to -30 (Smith-Hurd) (1983); Ky. 1973 and has been referred to the House Com­ Rev. Stat. §§ 329.010-990 (1962): Mich. Comp. mittee on the Judiciary. Previous attempts Techniques; A Valuable Investigative Aid, 50 A.B.A.J. 470 (1964). For a discussion of sci­ Laws Ann. § 338.1701 to -1729 (1973): Miss. ln earlier Congre3ses to regulate polygraph Code Ann. §§ 39.8920-61 to -84 (1968): Nev. testing have b1en unsuccessfu1.11 H.R. 688 entifically improved versions of the poly­ graph machine see Edsin, "The Week in Re­ Rev. Stat. §§ 648.005-210 (1967); N. M. Stat. makes it unlawful for any employee of a Ann. §§ 67-31-4 to -14 (1963): Gen. Stat. federal governmental agency or of a depart­ view," N.Y. Times, November 28, 1971. 'N.Y. Times, supra, footnote 2. N. C. § 66-491.1 (1974); N.D. Cent. Code ment or for any person employed by an entity § § 43-31-01 to -17 (1965); Okla. Stat. Ann. engaged in a business affecting interstate 6 See Skolnick, Scientific Theory and Sci­ entific Evidence: An Analysis of Lie-Detec­ tit. 59 § 1451 to -1476 (1971); Code Laws S.C. commerce to "require or request, or to at­ § 56-1543.51; Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. art. 2615 tempt to require or request," any individual tion, 70 Yale L.J. 694 (1961): "The scientific basis for lie detection Is questionable. There F-3 §§ 1-30 (1969): Utah Code § 34-37-1 to applying for employment or any individual -14 (1973); Va. Code Ann. §§ 54-729.01 to presently employed to take any polygraph seems to be little evidence that upholds the -018 (1968). test in connection with his services or duties, claim to a regular relationship between lying u For a summary of the unsuccessful at­ or in connection with such Individual's ap­ and emotion: there Is even less to support tempts to pass legislation In New York State pl1cation for employment. This blll also the conclusion that precise Inferences can be outlawing the use of polygranh testing, see makes it unlawful for the employer (whether drawn from the relationship between emo­ The Record, Association of the Bar of the governmental agency or private employer) to tional change and physiological response." City of New York, 322-324 (1965): see also deny employment to, to deny promotion to, "Whatever the unconditional accuracy of the Westin at 223-226. There are six Senate bills to dlscipllne, or to discharge (or to threaten lie detector, the number of false positives it and one Assembly blll in committee for the any of the aforesaid) any employee who re­ diagnoses is going to be related to the num­ ber of true positives in the population being 1974 Session of the legislature. fuses or falls to submit to a requested poly­ ts See Hermann at 26-137. For an early graph test. The wlllful violation of this pro­ tested. This fact could make the use of lie treatise on the constitutional rights of pri­ if posed law is a misdemeanor punishable by detectors. even they had high uncondi· vacy see Warran & Brandeis, The Right of a fine of up to $1,000 or imprisonment not tional accuracy, questionable In those situa­ Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (1890). exceeding one year. or both. tions-such as personal screening-in which 18 381 u.s. 479 (1965). In addition, H.R. 688 provides that the em­ there are few positives in the population." tT A series of bllls were Introduced into the ployee or prospective employee who is ag- See also Hermann at 77-88; Westin at 211- Senate in the 89th and 90th Congresses cUl­ . grieved ~Y violations or threatened viola­ 212 . minating In the Senate's passage of S. 1035 tn tions of the provisions of H.R. 688 may bring 8 See monograph sponsored by the Ameri· 1967, which prohibited the use of both poly­ a civU action against the offending employee can Civil Liberties Union entitled "The Use graph and personality testing of federal gov­ of the -overnmental agency or the private of Polygraphs as 'Lie Detectors' In Private ernment em~loyees. However, S. 1035 died employer for injunctive relief or for damages Industry (1972)" prepared by Brown and in the House Committee on Post Office and 1n his own behalf or as a class action in the Carlson. Civil Service during the 90th Congress. A appropriate United States District Court. 1 According to one source, the average lle similar bill, S. 1438 (barring the use of both detector test costs $25 compared with a fee RECOMMENQATIONS RELATING TO H.R. 688 polygraph and personality tests on federal in excess of $100 for a routine background government employees) was reintroduced in The Committee supports In principle the search covering a prospective employee. the 91st Congress and again in the 92nd 18 adoption of H.R. 688, but suggests that the N. Y. Times, October 29, 1972 at p. 3 of Sun­ Congress. In addition, two bUls, were intro­ · Blll be amended to prohibit absolutely the day Business and Plnancial Review. 8 duced In the House during the 92nd Con­ use of polygraph testing in the employment See Frye v. Unfted States, 293 P. 1013 gress, H.R. 9449 and H.R. 9783, both identical context, thereby precluding the use of the (D.C. Clr. 1923). But in two recent federal to H.R. 688. H.R. 9783 is cos9onsored by the polygraph test even It the employee "volun­ district court decisions, United Stateft v. members of the House Judiciary Committee. tarily" consents to submit to lt. This sug­ Ridling (U.S. Dist. Ct. E. Mich., Oct 6, 1972) No hearings were ever held regarding these gestion Is offered because of the dubious and Unfted States v. Zeigler (U.S. Dist. Ct., House bllls. validity ascribed to any consent obtained Dist. of Columbia, October 10, 1972), eVidence u To refute a possible argument that H.R. from an employee in view of the pressures of polygraph test results were ruled admis­ 688 constitutes in the private employment; and the weaker bargaining position of the sible where defendants, who voluntarily took area an unwarranted, and possibly an unoon- 5412 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975 stitutional, interference with an employer's I salute the people of Parkchester on There have been changes, of course. There right to hire and discharge employees, men­ this joyous occasion. Many of the cur­ is a new landlord for the renters and a new tion should be made of several other major rent residents have been in Parkchester program for the owners of condomtntums In pieces of federal legislation, which also affect the North Quadrant. the employment relationship. In each of for many of the 35 years, a further trib­ And there are two strong tenants orga­ these instances, federal legislation restrict­ ute to this fine community. Parkchester nizations in being now which were never ing the employer's rights was enacted to is a strong and viable community which thought seriously about in ye:us past: the achieve important social objectives. Thus, will endure and grow in the years to Parkchester Tenants Association, headed by Section 8(a) (3) of the Labor Management come. At this point in the RECORD I wlsh a young man who grew up in the community, Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C.A. § 158(a) (3) to insert a most informative article pub­ energetic Assemblyman John c. Dearie (D., ( 1965) ) , makes it unfair labor practice for lished by the Bronx Press Review en­ 85th A. D.) ; and the Parkchester Defense an em-:loyer: titled "Parkchester Hits Ripe Age of 35": Fund, led by dogged, reSGurceful John J. "by-discrimination in regard to hire or Whalen, who also heads Community Demo­ tenure of employment or any term or con­ PARKCHESTER Hrrs RIPE AGE OF 35 cratic Club-another comparative newcomer dition of employment to encourage or dis­ This week Parkchester becomes 35 years organization. courage membership in any labor organi­ old. As someone has said "the days of wine ::z;a.tlon ..." The place has held up well, and so have and roses" are gone. Still, there's good water Simllarly, Section 703(a) (1) of the Civil many residents who were among the first to and there are flowers, for Parkchesterites. Rights Act of 1964 (42 u.s.c.A. § 2000 e-2(a) move in, back in 1940. When Doug Lowe sent out his quarter­ (1) (1970)) makes it an unlawful employ­ Ten years ago there were 1500 residents in century message he was able to note that in ment practice for an employer to: the community-then owned by Metropoli­ the first 25 years of the community there ". • • fall or refuse to hire or to discharge tan Life Insurance Company-they were were six voluntary increases asked, and 1n any individual, or otherwise to discriminate FFPs, First Famlltes In Parkchester. At that those days, there was a 95 percent voluntary against any individual with respect to his time Douglas Lowe, resident manager, sent acceptance. Well, look, it's not the same now. compensation, terms, conditions, or priv­ out a personal letter to each of the quarter­ There's the new ownership, headed by Harry ileges of employment, because of such indi­ century residents. Helmsley in fact and Parkchester Manage­ vidual's race, color, religion, sex or national Their names were culled by the office staff ment in title; there are the raises ordered origin." in a search which was complicated by the through City agreements and announced by Likewise, Section 4 (a) ( 1) of the Age Dis· fact that many of them had moved once or municipal departments, not by a resident crimination 1n Employment Act of 1967 (29 more within the community in the 25-year ·manager. There are frictions and troubles u.s.c.A. § 62S(a) (1) (1972 Supp.)), makes span. occasioned by mistrust, but even more so by 1t unlawful for an employer: The official opening date was Mar. 1, 1940, the zoom of expenses and the disarrayed "to fall or refuse to hire or to discharge but the first resident in fact was Mrs. Mar­ shambles of the landlord-tenant situation any individual or otherwise discrimin.9.te garet Crandall, who moved into 2001 McGraw throughout the City, throughout the country. against any individual with respect to his Ave. on Feb. 22, with her children. Ten years Always the Parkchester reside~ts sense the compensation, terms, conditions, or privlleges ago she still was Uving at that address. presence of Harry Helmsley, whom only a of employment, because of such individual's The South Quadrant was the first of the comparative few of them ever have seen­ age;" four units to be opened to residency, and to at a dinner to Monsignor Guc;tave J. Schul­ Moreover, Section 304 (a) of the Consumer business tenants, too. In the first few theiss, former pastor of St. Raymond's Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C.A. § 1674(a) months, while working still was going on for Church. (1972 Supp.)), pro_vides that: the completion of the West, East and North The renters deal with Ben La.flosca, who "No employer may discharge any employee Quadrants, heavy trucks churned the streets came to his post after serving years with by reason of the fact that his earnings have Into quagmires, and early residents trod on Metropolitan housing. He Is an engaging, been subjected to garnishment for any one duckboards to keep out of the mud. The concerned and forthright young man, frank indebtedness." first stores opened were those on loy.rer ·and sensitive. And the head of highly at- Unionport Rd. One laundry company even tractive family. He has plunged Into civic did business from a truck prior to taking and philanthropic activities. He is a. highly store occupancy. useful citizen who contributes a great deal PARKCHESTER 35 YEARS YOUNG As many as 500 moving vans a day lum­ to the Bronx at large. bered into the South Quadrant when the Rix McDavid stlll is in charge of what used move-ins were started in earnest, residents to be called the operating department. He HON. MARIO BIAGGI taking apartments In the South quadrant is executive vice president of Parkchester apartment buildings and In five in the west Management; he has been on this job since OF NEW YORK Quadrant. before Parkchester opened, and he has a con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In those days Douglas Lowe was assistant suming drive to keep the community oper­ manager in the rental department, and Frank Wednesday, March 5, 1975 ating at highest level of efficiency. c. Lowe, later to become a Metropolitan vice There 1s a real estate office in the commu­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, it is with a president in charge of all company housing, nity, Brown, Harris, Stevens, Inc., on East great sense of pride that I advise my col­ was the resident manager. They and the rent­ Ave., sales agent for Parkchester North Con• leagues of the 35th anniversary celebra­ ing and administration staff members worked dominium. and the condominium owners are seven days a week, through most of 1940, to holding their first meetings in preparation tion of the establishment of Parkchester, bring in the 12,272 famllles. a community located within the Bronx for taking over their share of operations of The advent of World War II delayed com• their own individually and privately-owned portion of my congressional district. pletion of the original renting lists. Because homes in the North. On March 1, 1940, the dreams of such the heads of some 1500 famll1es were going The Court of Appeals last week gave rul­ individuals as Frederic Ecker, a local into the Armed Forces, they were released Jngs in favor of Harry Helmsley in suits civic leader, and others were culminated from lease obligations. But servicemen were against John J. Whalen and against Attorney with the omcial opening of Parkchester. promised they'd be given apartments when General Louis J. Lefkowitz both. There is In the succeeding 35 years, Parkchester they returned from service, and this pledge more legal actions posed, and conducted by was redeemed. the Parkchester Defense Fund. has grown both in size and stature and Ten years ago Douglas Lowe estimated that is now one of the most stable and re­ And Mr. Whalen says that on balance, he between 300 and 500 second generation mem· and the Defense Fund won more from the spected communities in the entire city bers of the original movers-in had taken Court of Appeals decision than was lost, de• of New York. Parkchester apartments, too. At about the spite the fact that the ruling appeared to I am proud to represent the people of same tlme, the Press-Review printed a news be contrary. This he-will develop. Parkchester in Congress. I have a great Item about a fourth-generation Parkchester Thirty-five years ago there was not a sin• deal of contact with the people of Park­ family. gle black resident, despite the fact that appli· The establishment of the giant home cen­ cations were open in such public places as chester and find them to be involved citi­ ter, at that time the largest in the world, in zens committed to the preservation of the first World's Fair in Flushing Meadows. many ways transformed the Unionport com­ The first occupancy was tllegal-a sublease their neighborhood and the betterment munity in which it was set on the site of on civil rights testing grounds, the so-called of the city of New York as a whole. the old Catholic Protectory. New churches Decatur case which ended tn an eviction. This Nation Is preparing to celebrate were established to serve the newcomers, The first routine rental to a black followed its 200th birthday. Occasions such as this schools were enlarged or were constructed, a when Frank C. Lowe personally arranged it­ prove once again that the United States retall center W9.S established within the after pressure from the NAACP, to be sure. community, and many stores were located ln Today the presence of blacks, Latln-Amer• is really a nation of neighborhoods and the fringe areas. the contributions of areas such as Park­ Today Parkchester still Is a viable com· icans and other minority group residents ls chester and the numerous other commu­ munity, Intact and serviceable, with Its a commonplace. · nities large and small across the Nation buildings in good repair, and its famous So, after more than one-third of a century, should be saluted throughout our bicen­ features, notably the Metropolitan Oval area, Parkchester-the personal pride of the late tennial celebration. even more handsome now than ever before. Frederic Ecker, president of the Metropollta~ March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5413 is very much a community of service, healthy 2. Fair Employment Practices for U.S. The factual basis for theze positions has been and attractive, offering good homes at rentals Firms in South Africa. stated by the Caucus and by others many which still are moderate in view of the gen­ 3. African Development Funding Act. times in the past. At our mezting with for- . eral market levels. F. Governmental Structure and Responsi- mer President Nixon in March 1971, a state­ There are problems and there are troubles, bility: ment of the concerns of black and poor con­ but 35 years after the Crandall family moved 1. Bureaucratic Accountabll1ty. stitrents was presented. At our meeting with ln- 2. Census Undercount. President Ford in August 1974, further facts Parkchester-there she stands. 3. Cabinet Level Minority Enterprises were presented. We have held Caucus hear­ Agency. Ings and fact-finding conferences around the 4. Independent Office of Civil Rights En- country, as well as congressional committee forcement. hearings. Our legislative positions ara com­ CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS 5. Veterans' Pensions. pelled by our findings. 6. Hatch Act Reform. There are several legislative issues to be 7. Social Security Disability Benefits. decided this year which the Caucus considers HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL G. Health: of primary importance. These are bills of 1. Narcotics. broa,.d scope with major Implications for OF NEW YORK 2. Mobile Health Units. blacks and others, en which major national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 3. Amniocentesis Research. attention wlll be focused. They fall into Wednesday, March 5, 1975 H. Low-Income Housing. three broad categories: (1) ec:momic issues, 1. Limited Moratorium on Repayment of (2) access and political participation issues, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs­ FHA and VA-Guaranteed Loans. and (3) issues involving federal domestic as­ day, February 27, the Congressional 2. Condominium Conversion Protection. sistance programs. Black Caucus announced its legislative 3. Low Interest Loans for Rehabi11tation. 1. Economic issues agenda for the 1st session of the 94th I. Martin Luther King Birthday National Our economic program wlll focus on full Congress. This legislative agenda is the Holiday. employment, tax reform, and a careful review J. Women's Rights: of congressional appropriations in the frame­ Caucus' first formal statement of legis­ 1. Rape Prevention and Control. lative goals and activities for an up­ work of national priorities. The Caucus• Jan­ 2. Pap Smear Test. uary 16, 1975 letter to the President spells coming session of Congress. 3. Social Security Coverage for Homemak­ out in more detail our position on economic The Congressional Black Caucus has ers. issues. as its motto, "We have no permanent The political context is fresh for new dis­ friends and no permanent enemies, only CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS, LEGISLATIVE cussion and action on these issues. Proce­ permanent interests." The Caucus will be AGENDA, 94TH CONGRESS, 1ST SESSION dural reforms, changes in leadership, and an influx of new House members will permit working with other groups inside and For too long, we have seen no fundament~! outside the Congress to develop legisla­ change in our national policies and priori­ measures to move which have been stymied tive strategy around these common in­ ties in response to domestic needs. In the in the past. The soaring unemploym:mt rate terests. This agenda will serve as a back­ 1930's, the Great Depression led to a system puts the question of 'guns or butter' in a of Social Security. Following the War, the striking light. And inept Administration at­ bone for the Caucus' efforts to curb the tempts to cut the Federal budget through present economic recession through Employment Act of 1916 was passed. In the 1960's major civil rights laws were passed. tha Food St!tmp program while calling for an sound and meaningful legislation. And in the mid-'60's, a belated and only additional half blllion dollars for Southeast The agenda wm be presented in three partial response to the problems of poverty Asia can only help to forge the new constitu­ parts. Today I submit to my colleagues was begun. ency around a reordering of national eco­ an overview and opening statement of Today, we face a period of economic tur­ nomic priorities. The Caucus does not agree the Caucus' legislative priorities of 1975: moil following closely an era of tragic inter­ that every time Congress asks for more national and American political turmoil. money it adds to the deficit, for the reorder­ CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS, LEGISLATIVE ing of priorities wlll permit the ·use of old AGENDA, 1ST SESSION, 94TH CONGRESS Yet, as in the '30's, these great events have served to create a common understanding funds for new purposes. INDEX among most Americans as to our common 2. Political participation issues I. Opening Statement. dilemma. It is not the rich against the poor, The second major goal of the Caucus' pro­ II. Areas of Major Legislative Focus. black against white. Instead, there is a gram this year, will be to increase voter par­ A. Economy: mutual recognition that any of us may be ticipation by removing barrlars to voting. 1. Full Employment. the next victim of unemployment, and that While black voter participation has in­ 2. Tax Reform. all of us will most certainly be the next creased tremendously since the 1965 Voting 3. The Budget and Appropriations Process. victims of inflation. Rights Act, it still lags significantly-behind B. Voter Participation: The Congressional Black Caucus has as that for whites. Equally striking is the de­ 1. Voting Rights Act of 1965. its motto that "we have no permanent cline in voter participation nationwide from 2. Universal Voter Registration. friends and no permanent enemies, only per­ 64 percent of those eligible in 1960 to 55 per­ C. Federal Domestic Assistance Programs: manent interests." At this time of economic cent of those eligible in 1972. 1. General Revenue Sharing. distress, we feel we have many more friends As a remedy, we will work vigorously for 2. Health Care. than enemies, as our int9rests are even more renewal of the Voting Rights Act for an 3. Social Insurance. clearly those of the nation. While our fore­ 4. Education. additional ten years, as well as for passage most concerns are those of blacks, those of a new comprehensive and far-reaching III. .individual Legislative Initiatives. concerns and their remedies are inextricably universal voter registration act. A. Child Care. intertwined with those of all Americans. B. Civil and Political Rights and Liberties: This legislative agenda begins to address 3. Federal Domestic Assistance Prog1·ams: 1. Voting Representation for the District both economic and political problems com­ Our third major priority will involve fed­ of Columbia. mon to the nation and the black commu­ eral domestic assistance programs. Four 2. Dishonorable Discharges. nity. In this agenda, there are no instant broad and timely issues here are revenue 3. Amnesty. solutions; there are specific remedies. As leg­ sharing, health care, social insurance, and 4. Discrimination in Bar Examinations. islators, we operate in the legislative con­ education. 5. Psychosurgery Prohibition. text, and our agenda consists of b1lls and (a) Prior to endorsing continuation of 6. Mexican-American Land Rights. resolutions which will come before Congress general revenue sharing, we will be making C. Criminal Justice: this year. Some are far-reaching; some are a searching review of that program and Its 1. Gun Control. short-range. Some wlll pass; some will not. impact on minority and lower-income per­ 2. Grand Jury Reform. But each will be passed through the leg­ sons. 3. Criminal Justice Reform. islative process with a full recognition that (b) Health care and (c) Income security, 4. Dum-Dum Bullets. many persons beyond our individual con­ two other program priorities, involve the 5. Office of Federal Correctional Ombuds­ stituencies-including all those who bear the man. most basic security and well-being of a very brunt of the economic dislocation-support large number of our citizens. 6. To Permit Suits Against States and our position and form a new constituency. Localities. Because blacks have endured economic hard­ (d) Two major existing education pro­ 7. Drugstore Robbery. ship for so many years and learned much grams, the Higher Education and Vocational D. Consumer Protection: from the experience, we have unique con­ Education Acts, will be up for renewal this 1. F.U.E.L. Subsidy Program for Energy tributions and leadership to provide in the year and important ,questions involving aid Costs. development of constructive alternatives to to education will be debated. 2. Antitrust. the current situation. (e) Other major issues will come before 3. Commodity Prlce Marking. The time is right for others to join with us. this Congress, such as energy, the environ­ E. Foreign Affairs: The position of the Congressional Black ment and assistance to nations of the Third 1. Rhodesian Chrome. Caucus is stated in the text which follows. World. It is those with lower incomes who 5414 EXTENSIONS OF· REMARKS March 5, 1975 suffer most from massive cost rises for There may be inequities in the tax to be that since the Concorde is such an energy. The Caucus supports passage of an laws, and we should move to remove absurdly uneconomical aircraft, costing energy rebate system, the F.U.E.L. plan (sum­ up to $62 million each, belii;Ve it or not, marized ln the agenda) to keep energy costs th~m. within the means of lower-income persons. That is why I am proposing elimina­ the FAA would have us ignore our own It is those in the central cities, and in many tion of the income limits used to deter­ decision to ban the SST because only a rural areas, who suffer these effects of our mine childcare deductions, since such few are ever expected to be built and W.Jrst environments. And it is those 1n devel­ restrictions are discriminatory, particu­ operated. oping nations who suffer the effects of a larly to more successful working women. There are several flaws in this child­ turn from our long-term commitment of And that should not be. like innocence that the FAA apparently economic aid and equity to the developing operates under these days. In the first Third World nations to an over-reliance on place, the FAA's own report concedes it military aid. As these issues arise and are expects 30 to 40 aircraft t) be built and raised in the legislative process, the Con­ SST BILL AMENDED gressional Black Caucus wlll make its posi­ operated, even if no one but Britain and tion known. FrJ.nce are foolish enough to buy the In addition to the three areas of primary HON. LESTER L. WOLFF •SST. focus, there are some forty additional im­ We have already se:-n substantial sci­ portant pieces of legi<;lation in ten major OF NEW YORK entific testimony, which I have been categories which are being introduced this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pleased to place in the RECOR'J in the ·year which the Caucus strongly supports and Wednesday, March 5, 1975 Past few weeks, indicl ting that "only" which are being introduced by Caucus mem­ 30 or 40 SST's will be quite sufficient to bern. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, once again Each involves a significant federal activity I must address this House on the threat alter the ozone layer of the Earth's at­ which does, or could, affect the lives of low to our people and environment repre­ mosphere in an adverse fashion and and modf"rate income citizens. These legis­ sented by supersonic aircraft, and once cause many thousands of cases of skin jative initiatives range from creating a cab­ again I must express a sense of dis­ cancer. inet-level minority enterprise agency to child appointment and outrage at actions by It should be noted that the FFA's re­ care. They range from criminal justice to the administration which smack of out­ port yesterday tiptoes through this fear bureaucratic accountability, and from the right duplicity in what I trust will prove in a superficial and gingerly fashion, re­ problem of dishoncrable discharge from mlli­ lying heavily on a DOT report of Jan­ tary service to the problems which have a futile attempt to go behind the back of have developed with widespread condomin­ Congress and the American people. U3.ry which has already come under ium conversions. Mr. Speaker, many of us here today heavy fire from scientists not on the At the same time as we press the legislative witnessed a lengthy debate and vote G.:>vernme.nt payroll and who, we must agenda, the Caucus will expand its oversight which we felt settled the question of assume, do not h~ve a vested interest in or federal activities, continuously evaluating supersonic aircraft in our country once "proving" the SST is environmentally . th') impact of federal programs on our con­ and for all, unless genuine environmen­ and economically acceptable. stituents, to review civil rights enforcement, The FAA's own report yesterday also affirmative action, and substantive program tal and technological advances were achieved by the would-be producers of confirms the worst fears of those of us effec:tlveness and equity, We have a particu­ who have been fighting the SST because lar concern this year with surve11lance activ­ the SST. ities of the CIA and FBT, much of which Yet what was our astonishment yester­ it will be the noisiest air!)l"ne ever flown. appears to have been directed at black orga­ day when we had placed on our desks a The report proves with its own delib­ nizations and individuals. A more aggressive 120-page document which, upon careful erately obscure.charts and diagrams that Congress will, we hope, further this over­ reading, appeared to substantiate the the Concorde SST is at least 20 to 30 sight function. Further, we will be carefully · worst fears of critics of the SST, only to percent noisier than the maximum noise scrutinizing nominees for federal appointive find that the document was seen by the level allowed at John F. Kennedy Air­ posts for their suitability with respect to the port, near my district. black community. administration to be a justification for approving the SST of a foreign nation. I am hopeful that the Port of New Even worse, Mr. Speaker, not only was York Authority wiJl remain firm in its this document an attempt to force the previous opposition to any aircraft which SST down our throats, but it represented cannot meet this noise standard, a stand­ CHILDCARE DEDUCTIONS SHOULD ard, I should add, which is "acceptable" BE FAIR a shameful end-run around what we had been previously assured would be a study only in a very limited sense, because I of a series of test flights prior to any can assure this House that the maximum HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG question of final commercial flight ap­ allowed is very loud, indeed. Further, Mr. proval. Speaker, the FAA's own report concedes OF COLORADO that the SST will set up household vibra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Accordingly, I am today amending my bill to ban SST flights until fU:l environ­ tions five times-five times-greater than Wednesday, March 5, 1975 mental clearance is given by the Con­ present aircraft. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, I am gress to include a provision which I hope It need hardly be pointed out that to­ will cover last Friday's incredible recom­ day's aircraft are being required to retro- introducing legislation to eliminate un­ . fit and to undergo serious modification due restrictions on income tax deduc­ mendation by the EPA which, I fear. grants a virtual waiver to the present 16 of engine and fuel technology in order tions for childcare. to be allowed to operate, and I find it While the Internal Revenue Code al­ or so Concorde SST's, and an unknown incredible that we are expected to swal­ lows itemize~. deductions for the child­ number of Russian TU-144's, to land in care expenses of working parents with our country despite clearly unacceptable low such a flouting of our own standards noise levels. as is represented by the SST. children under age 15, the guidelines are Let me suggest, in fact, that those so narrow that four-fifths of all families Mr. Speaker, the time has come to de­ mand that SST's of an manufacture FAA officials and those in the adminis­ with working parents are excluded. tration who do not think that noise is Childcare expenses are a legitimate meet the same standards for noise pol­ the principal problem with the SST be business expense, and should be treated lution as required of subsonic aircraft by FFA regulations, part 36, and my required to live in the areas the SST will as such, rather than be limited by arbi­ land. Then let them make their studies trary income standards and restrictions amendment so reads. and recommendations. I think we would not applying to other business expenses. Incredible as it may seem, the Fed­ hear a very different tune. Right now; one set of working papers eral Avlation Administration has seized The FAA.seems to be vaguely aware of is favored over another by the tax law­ on this concession by EPA to recommend the absurdity of its report, because lt simply on the basis of income. That is authorization of regular commercial bad economics and dubious law. service of what its own reports proves concedes. that ·significant advances in We do not deny personal exemptions to be a monstrous intrusion on the peace fuel and engine technology must be made to some Americans because they make and tranquility of our citizens, and what before a fleet of SST's can meet our en­ more or less money. We do not limit in­ its own report concedes to be a poten­ vironmental standards. But, in another terest charge deductions to one group of tially grave thr€at to our environment, burst of touching innocence, the FAA people. So we should not limit chlldcare specifically our upper atmosphere. would. have ·-·US accept manufacturer's deductions. . The rationale, as I read it, appears claims that such advances wlll be made. March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5415 What a charming fairy tale, Mr. [From the Washington Post, Mar. 5, 1975] of existing jetliners. But it added that 1.he Speaker. We in Congress are supposed to SST SERVICE FOR DULLES, NEW YORK Concorde does "generate more low frequehcy BACKED energy" than any existing planes, and that take it on faith that we can: allow some­ this will cause vibrations in nearby homes. thing completely unacceptable today be­ (By Jack Egan and Paul Hodge) One Department of Transportation study cause the good manufacturer will surely The Federal Aviation Administration yes­ conducted at Alaska's Fairbanks Interna­ make it better somewhere down the line. terday recommended that French and Brit­ tional Airport last year found the vibration Finally, I am sorry to have to add this ish airlines be allowed to fly the controversial of walls, ceilings and windows of nearby depressing note to an already depressing supersonic Concorde jetliner into Washing­ homes was up to five times greater for the story of evasion, half truth, and outright ton's Dulles International Airport and John Concorde than for other jetliners, the FAA deception, but there is in the FAA's own F. Kennedy International Airport in New said. This was at subsonic speeds. report a concession of outright diplo­ Y.:~k City in regular commercial service by The noise levels and vibrations discussed early 1976. by the FAA impact statement are associated matic blackmail which this House can­ The agency, in a preliminary environmen­ with normal takeoff and landing, not with not ignore. tal impact statement, said the Concorde supersonic' flight and its window-shattering The FAA report states in very plain causes more vibration and greater amounts sonic booms. Supersonic flight by civilian language that because the United States of some types of pollutants than any sub­ planes is banned over the continental United is signatory to an international agree­ sonic airplane. States or territorial waters, and the Concorde ment on licensing of pilots and certifi­ But the FAA said the environmental con­ would only fly supersonically over the ocean. sequences from the limited number of daily The Concorde is able to fly from Wash­ cation of aircraft that we cannot risk ington to London in about 3¥2 hours, less "rocking the boat," in effect, on the SST. Concorde flights proposed by British Airways and Air France "are not so severe as to compel than half the present flight time, with the Mr. Speaker, no matter how much a refusal" of the right to land. beak-nosed plane cruising at about 1,300 sympathy we may have for our good "The volume of Concorde operations wm be m.p.h., or more than twice the speed of friends and allies in England and limited and consequently the environmental sound. France, we can hardly be expected to impact will be limited," the report said. The air fare has not yet been set. But help them out of this monstrous white The French and British airlines-the only British Airways has talked about charging elephant at the expense of our environ­ carriers with firm, orders for the Anglo­ the present first-class fare plus a surcharge French-built Concorde-plan two supersonic of perhaps 20 per cent. That would put the ment, and our citizen's constitutional charge for a supersonic trans-atlantic round­ :dght of peace of mind. flights a day into Dulles and four into K';!nnedy. trip at $1,459, compared with $804 for an As I said on the floor of this House last economy peak-season fare. It clearly would week, when introducing my bill with 20 The FAA impact statement is a draft and be out of the reach of all but the expense­ subject to revision or reversal. account or luxury traveler. cosponsors to ban the SST pending full The agency scheduled an April 14 public enviro~ntal clearance, groups of re­ The FAA report came one day after a de­ hearing at its Washington headquarters. cision by the Environmental Protection sponsible citizens in England have con­ But agency sources said it would take com­ Agency, which sets noise standards, that the tacted me pledging full support, and I pelling arguments by local residents and 16 Concordes now in production or planned noted then that their organizations, rep­ environmentalists to overturn the decision, should not have to meet the more stringent resenting more th'ln 20,000 active mem­ which, after hearings, becomes law without noise stand·ards that apply to new subsonic bers, have been fighting the Concorde further federal or congresfjional action. jets. However, future production of the Con­ Environmental groups that strenuously corde would have to meet the stricter noise for years because of the absurd noise lobbied Congress in 1971 to defeat a U.S. levels of this aircraft. standards. supersonic transport promptly promised to Bl'itish Airways has ordered five of the We are more fortunate in this country, mount a similar effort against the Conoorde. planes, and Air France has ordered four. Mr. Speaker, because we still have a California Sens. John V. Tunney and Alan In addition, the governments of Iran and chance to nip this dishonest proposal in Cranston said they opposed any Concorde of the People's Republic of China have op­ the bud by a series of actions which I flights if the aircraf~ do not meet noise limits tions on a total of five planes, but orders urge this House to give full consider­ for new-production planes. have not been firmed. ation. The FAA and the administration, "These aircraft are 20 to 30 per cent noisier than the (Boeing) 707, the noisest craft in much to their chagrin, cannot ram the our jet fleet," the two Democrats said in a SST down our throat. Here is what we statement. "Further, they produce four times can do: the carbon monoxide emissions on takeoff CONGRESSMAN NIX REINTRODUCES First, I would respectfully urge sup­ and landing, and wm cause those living FREE CONSTITUENT MAIL BILL port of mv bill, as amended, to ban the around airports discomfort as the result of SST pending full environmental studies their vibrations, estimated at five times satisfactory to this House, and passage those of present aircraft." HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX Friends of the Earth legislative director of suitable noise regulations governing OF PENNSYLVANIA Ann Roosevelt said that while the "limited the SST. I would also respectfully ask IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that we join in urging a complete study nature" of the FAA recommendation ''may not have immediate significant environ­ Wednesday, March 5, 1975 of the FAA and DOT reports on the SST mental impact, it is definitely a foot in the by our own Office of Technology and door :ror advocates of supersonic civil Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, I am today re­ Assessment. We obviously cannot afford aviation." introducing my bill to allow citizens to to rely any longer on this administration She said "the SST in any design is un­ correspond free of charge with their Rep­ and its house scientists to tell us the economical" and a waster of energy that resentative and Senators. Twenty-two truth about the SST. her organization and other environmental groups "will vigorously oppoEe." Members of the House are joining me in Next, let me respectfully urge that Washington-area officials have taken no cosponsoring this legislation. we insist on prompt hearings on EPA's position on supersonic jets at Dulles, largely As I have said before, correspondence incredible action of last Friday, an ac­ "because we assumed they were not going to between Members of Congress and their tion swept under the rug until yester­ be coming here," according to Dennis Bates, constituents is a vital part of the demo­ day's FAA report, which would appar­ director of health and envh·onmental pro­ cratic legislative process. Members of ently grant waivers to the present world tection of the Metropolitan Washington Congress now have the right to corre­ SST fleet of 16 or so aircraft. This action Council of Government (COG) . spond with their constituents free of is completely unjustifiable, and I can Rep. Lester Wolff (D-N.Y.), one of Con­ ·gress' leading opponents of the SST, labeled charge under the franking privilege. My only suspect that EPA must have been the FAA decision "incredible and smacking bill would extend this privilege to the subjected to grave internal pressures to of diplomatic blackmail." constituent. contravene its normally high standards Commented Wolff: "In view of the ab­ I believe it is important, in these days of integrity. solutely unacceptable .levels of noise and when the Federal Government has grown Finally, the FAA is compelled by law physical pollut1on which the report admits to be large and complex, that each citi­ to hold hearings on its recommendation, the Concordes will produce, I can see no zen have free access to his Congressman. and has set April14 as the date in Wash­ excuse for the FAA bowing to diplomatic When a citizen has a question or prob­ ington, D.C. Let me strongly and respect­ pressure on this point and allowing tests of lem relating to the Federal Government, fully urge full attendance that Monday. aircraft which make absolutely no sense from either an · economic or an environmental he should be able to turn to his elected Mr. Speaker, I submit for the ·RECORD standpoint." representatives, free of charge, to get the the excellent story in today's Washing­ . The FAA environmental impact statement information or assistance he needs . ton. Post clearly outlining the present said the noise levels of the Concorde "are When he wants to express his opinion on situation. not substantially higher" than the noisiest .the issues of the day, he should be able 5416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 5, 1975 to contact his Congressman free of I am asking the Secretary of State if, think of little worse for the long-term charge. in fact, Ms. Knight reflects the adminis­ health of our economy than to have in­ Mr. Speaker. I believe that enactment tration's position on this issue. I cannot terest rates and monetary policy directed of this bill would be an important reform believe a Government official would sug­ by the Congress. Day to day or month to that would make Congress and the Fed­ gest such a concept, and I indeed hope month changes in monetary policy di­ eral Government better servants of the the Secretary of State responds in the rected by the Congress in response to the people. negative. latest or most powerful pressure from special interests in the country would soon make a shambles of our economy. HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Such decisions should remain in the NATIONAL REGISTRATION FOR ALL 133 hands of the independent Federal Re­ AMERICANS? serve Board, a body far better suited to making such decisions than the Con­ HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT gress. HON. ALLAN T. HOWE OJI' DELAWARE I do not believe that Congress should OJI' 'OTAH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES undertake the day to day management of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 5, 1975 our monetary policies. But, it is even Wednesday, March 5, 1975 Mr. nu PONT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday I worse to suggest, as House Concurrent Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, a recent U.S. voted in opposition to House Concurrent Resolution 133 does, that the Congress is News & World Report carried an inter­ Resolution 133, the bill that supposedly doing this when in fact it is not. This view with Frances G. Knight, Director lowers interest rates. I am in favor of represents the ultimate combination of of the U.S. Passport Office, in which she low-interest rates; they benefit home­ bad judgment and legislative deception­ called for a national registration of all owners, businessmen, farmers, and al­ a combination that neither solves a prob­ Americans, complete with the issuance most every person in our society. They lem nor encourages faith in the integrity of a national identity card to each citi­ are a desirable goal in our economy and of Congress or its members. I refuse to zen. Ms. Knight contends that fraudu­ they should be considered as one comer­ support such a measure, even if its ef­ lent documentation for the purpose of stone of our financial policies. The prob­ feet is only symbolic in nature. obtatning passports or ot:1er U.S. Gov­ lem is that House Concurrent Resolution ernment benefits represents a serious 133 contributes absolutely nothing to problem in our country and that we owe this objective. In fact, it is an ill advised uevery American citizen a true, recorded bill which is deceptive in its content HOWARD UNIVERSITY national identity." She further predicts and misleading to the American people that only a small minority of honest in its implications. HON. LOUIS STOKES Americans along with criminals, lllegal The committee's feelings about the OF OHIO aliens, and tax dodgers would oppose a merits of this legislation are demon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national registration system. strated by its reluctance to make the I am shocked and dismayed that an legislation binding, by presenting it as a Wednesday, March 5, 1975 American, and one who is a high public sense of Congress resolution, rather than Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to official, would espouse such authoritarian a regular bill. The resolution does not direct the attention of my colleagues to methods. Ms. Knight's suggestion recalls require any action by anybody-unless the fact that Howard University, one thoughts of 1984, come 10 years too early, you consider a report to Congress as of the most prestigious black institu­ with governmental monitoring of an in­ action. If the American people are led to tions of higher learning in the world, has dividual's activities. As she so aptly believe that by this resolution, Congress recently commemorated its 108th anni­ pointed out in her interview: has done anything, they will be sadly versary. On March 3, 1975, a Charter Day we have a nation of over 200 million in­ deceived. The resolution is wholly cos­ dinner was held at the Sheraton Hall dividuals who a.re not restricted in their metic, devoid of any substance at all. of the Sheraton Park Hotel here in freedom of movement, their choice of jobs or But, more important, I must ask why Washington, to celebrate the founding place of residence. They move about freely, the resolution does not propose to do of the university. from State to State, and even across contig­ anything about inflation? Inflation is The commemoration was held under uous international borders. certainly the most pervasive financial the joint auspices of the board of trust­ I value these freedoms; I believe their problem we have in our economy and yet ees, faculties, students, staff, and grad­ preservation is important and vital to our this resolution ignores it. Are we prepared uates of all classes of Howard University. free society. · to conduct our monetary policy on the Mr. Julian R. Dugas, City Administra­ With current investigations of CIA and single objective of reducing interest tor of Washington, D.C., presided as FBI domestic and private survelllance rates? I hope not, for while the ptoblems chairman of the 1975 Charter Day din­ activities, many Americans are justifi­ of recession and unemployment are im­ ner committee. ably alarmed over the watchdog role of portant ones, so is the problem of The opening invocation was given by their Federal Government. National reg­ inflation. , Dr. Howard Stone Anderson, vice chair­ istration of Americans would only rep­ We are already suffering through a man of the board of trustees of Howard resent a further invasion of privacy and deep recession owing, at least in part, to University. Greetings followed by Dr. another area ripe for potential abuse. prices which encounter consumer resist­ Asa T. Spaulding, chairman of the board I recognize the problem outlined by Ms. ance on purchases of everything from of trustees. Next came the presentation Knight and will give serious considera­ automobiles to sugar; prices which, in of the recipients of alumni awards for tion to the report expected from the Fed­ tum, are traceable to past expansionist distinguished postgraduate achieve­ eral Advisory Committee on False Identi­ monetary policy and deficit Federal ment. fication at the end of the year, but I took financing. Rapid expansion of the money I submit for the interest of my col­ with disbelief on a public servant sug­ supply has historically been one of the leagues the following biographies of the gesting a national registration system primary causes of inflation, and this res­ alumni achievement awards recipients that would merely increase the bureau­ olution appears to suggest that such an as they were published in the program cratic tangle. Improved administrative expansion should be pursued as the only for the Charter Day dinner. procedures and stronger criminal penal­ objective of our monetary policy. Such ALUMNI ACHIEVEMENT AWABDS ties for those dealing in 1llegal documents singlemindedness is not in the long-term JI'REDERIC ELLIS DAVIS ON represent better alternatives for helping best interest of our Nation's economy. (In the fields of M111tary Science and Public us to reduce these cases of fraud. Finally, I am not naive enough to be­ Service) Americc:.s do not need to be "logged lieve that economic policies are not af­ The highest ranking graduate of Howard's 1n" and .. logged out." What we need is fected by political considerations. How­ ROTC program, Major General Frederic Ellls some clear thinking and some concern ever. I am concerned by the increasing Davison, USA (Ret.), 1s Internationally rec­ for the individual's freedom and right to politiclzation of our economy by direct ognized for his extraordinary leadership privacy which are essential to our na­ congressional intervention in the man­ qualities and talents ln mlllta.ry operations. tional well-being. agement of our financial affairs. I can H1s commitment to public serilce has been March 5, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5417 evidenced through his outstanding ability ence. During this same period, he was Special days of Theodore Roosevelt the tnference and his wide knowledge of military tactics. Counsel to Joseph F. Carlino, then Speaker would clearly have been that someone who General D ~ -. i"on, born in Washington, D.C. cf the New York State Assembly. did so would risk incurring the severa dis­ on September 28, 1917, received the B.S. and Mr. Powell, born in Mineola, New York on pleasure of the people and the government M.S. degrees in Zoology and Chemistry from February 11, 1931, received the B.A. degree, of the United States. I am very confident that Howard University in 1938 and 1940, respec­ magna cum laude, from Howard University my fellow citizens would be upset at my cur­ tively. In 1946, he was separated from the in 1953. He later received the Juris Doctor rent situation and would wish to rectify it. Army and enrolled in the Howard University degree from Harvard University and the It is my government that I can't help but College of Medicine for one year; thereafter, Master of Laws degree from New York Uni­ wonder about. Is this passport and other he returned to the Army as company com­ versity Graduate School of Law. documents issued me merely a means of mander at Fort Dix, New Jersey. In 1963, he ALMA WOODSEY THOMAS keeping track of my movements and con­ received the M.A. degrze in International Af­ (In the fields of Art and Colorifics) trolling me? fairs from George Washington University. He As a citizen is my only remaining right was honored by the Howard University When Alma Woodsey Thomas recE'ived the to pay taxes to support the government or Alumni Federation for outstanding public B.S. degree from Howard University in 1924, face prosecution for falling to do so? service in 1973. she also received the distinction of being the Doesn't my government recognize its obli­ Beginning his career as a second lieuten­ first graduate of Howard's Department of gations and responsibilities towards me? ant in the u.s. Army in 1939, he became the Art. She received the M.A. degree from Co­ Does the government completely lack the third Black ever to achieve the rank of gen­ lumbia University in 1934, and studied paint­ principles .for which it supposedly stands? eral in the United States Armed Services and ing at American University from 1950 to 1960. Is our foreign policy now completely dom­ the first to lead an integr.ated combat in­ She is perhaps best known for her earth and inated by large corporate interests outside fantry division. Prior to his assignment as space paintings which are abstractions com­ the control of the citizenry of the U.S.? Commanding General of the Military District posed of mosaic patterns in concentric circles Are there no officials in washington capa­ of Washington in November, 1973, he had and straight lines in vibrant colors. Though ble, competent, and courageous enough to completed two other assignments of the in~pired entirely by nature, she says she is comprehend and subsequently discharge same level in Vietnam and in Germany. al::o indebted•to the tradition of color paint­ their duties to their fellow citizens? JAMES HENRY MERIWETHER HENDERSON ing made famous by this city. Has the U.S. Navy now gone completely MiEs Thomas, born in Columbus, Georgia from the days of John Paul Jones to the (In the fields of Biological Science and on September 22, 1894, was brought to Wash­ Research) "Pueblo"? ington, D.C. as a small child and has lived As a student I was taught about the Recognized as one of the nation's leading here ever since. She taught at Shaw Junior Monroe Doctrine, Boston Tea Party, Great biologists, Dr. J..lmes H. M. Henderson is di­ High School from 1924 until her retirement White Fleet, etc., etc., etc. It seems to me rector of the Carver Research Foundation in 1960. Since that time she has devoted her that our more recent history, both domestic at Tusk~gee Institute. He has also held sev­ energies to painting and has been repre­ and foreign, bears little, if any, resemblence eral other positions at Tuskegee in the span sented at more than seventy shows, including to that which I was taught to believe about of his three decades of se1·vice to that insti­ major national exhibitions of contemporary my government. tution. Throughout his career, he has been a Black artists. Her one-woman exhibitions Frankly, I believe that until the officials frequent contri'Jutor to scientific journals as have been held at the Franz Bader Gallery, in Washington under your direction and a result of his extensive research in plant the Whitney Museum of American Art, the guidance, regain the spirit and attitudes that physiology a:1d biochemistry. In 1964, he was Corcoran Gallery of Art, and Fisk and Howard made our nation great; situations such as cited for conspicuous service in the field of Universities. I'm now in will continue to be commonplace, biology by Howard's General Alumni Asso­ and not just here, but all over. ciation. I find it difficult to be upset or resentful An active member of numerous rrofes­ LETTER FROM A CAPTIVE towards the people and the government of sional organizations, Dr. Henderson was ap­ FISHERMAN Ecuador. If I were in their position I wouldn't pointed to the Commission on Undergradu­ hesitate either to step on a toothless tiger's ate Education in the Biological Sciences in tail. 1965 and has served as consultant to two You can sit in Washington and discuss this panels of the National Academy of Sciences. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON OF CALIFORNIA situation until hell freezes over. The facts Since 1973, he has been a member of the will remain the same and relatively simple: Executive Committee of the National Coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to date seven ships, subject to U.S. law and cil of University Research Administrators Wednesday, March 5, 1975 protection, while operating on the high seas and is past ch..lirman of the American So­ in international waters, have been stopped, ciety of Plant Physiologists-southern Sec­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. boarded, seized, and taken under armed tion. Speaker, earlier this year seven Ameri­ guard. Are you or aren't you going to do any­ After earning the B.S. degree from Howard can fishing boats. along with their crews, thing about this? Am I going to be given University in 1939, he enrolled in the Uni­ were held captive by the country of the protection due me as a U.S. citizen or am versity of Wisconsin where he was awarded I going to be subjected to, and mired down the M.Ph. and Ph.D. degrees in 1940 and 1943, Ecuador for refusing to recognize that nation's claim to a 200-mile territorial in, the usual bureaucratic rhetoric? Are you resnectively. He did further study at the going to see to it that the duties and obliga­ California. Institute of Technology from zone off her coast. Only now are they be­ tions my nation has to me are taken care 1948-50 and at tha Oak Ridge Institute for ing released. of as they should be? Or am I simply going to Nuclear Studies in 1951. It has been a policy of the United end up involved in a great diplomatic white­ Recently appointed as co-chairman of the States not to recognize Ecuador's, and wash, possibly making someone's secret list University's Bequest Committee, Dr. Hen­ other South American nations', claim to in Washington, the result being that I'll derson was born in Falls Church, Virginia· on probably have my income tax return audited August 10, 1917. a jurisdiction 200 miles out at sea. Yet it has been the fisherman Who has borne for having been somewhat critical. JOHN HENRY POWELL, JR. the burden of that policy by being ar­ I wonder how I'll someday explain this (In the fields of Law and Legal Service) situation t:> my infant daughter as I try rested, having his catch confiscated, and to teach her to believe in her country. I Through legal expertise and an extensive being held against his will in foreign wonder if she'll ever be old enough to under­ background in law, Jchn Henry Powell, Jr. countries. stand, as I certainly don't myself. I hate to has assisted the progress of Civil Rights in James E. Larkins is one of the Ameri­ admit it, but I find myself wondering if I'd be this country for more than a decade. He was can fishermen who was recently detained here if I had a British, Russian, or Chinese sworn in as Chairman of the U.S. Equal in Ecuador for an extended period of passport. I've always been proud to be a U.S. Employment Opportunity Commission on citizen but right now I'm not too proud of January 22, 1974, making him the fifth chair­ time. He wrote a letter to President Ford on February 2 of this year which elo­ my government. I will remain a loyal citizen man of that Commission since its inception and I just hope that it doesn't continue to be in 1965. He served as General Counsel of the quently expresses his feelings during his a one-way proposition. My sentiments are Civil Rights Commission for more than three detention. At this point, I would like to entirely my own and I speak for myself. I years, was an attorney in the Office of the insert Mr. Larkins' letter into the hope I still have the right to do so. I have Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor, and an RECORD: taken the liberty to make my sentiments Assistant U.S. Attorney for the U.S. Depart­ SALINAS, ECUADOR, known not only to you and your office but to ment of Justice in the Eastern District of February 2, 1975. others as well. As a citizen I wish you good New York. Following an association with the DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Inside my passport health and the utmost success during your law firm of Wachtel and Michaelson, New there is a reference to the effect that I am term of office. York, he started a private practice in Mineola, a citizen and a subject of the United States. Respectfully, New York. He worked as Special Counsel to It requests that no one unduly detain me JAMES E. LARKINS, the Southern Christian Leadership Confer- or Interfere with my freedom as such. In the M/V Neptune. 5418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 6, 1975 GOLDEN JUBILEE OF RT. REV. MSGR. Boys Town, Nebraska upon the death of its jor league teams but he chose the priest­ NICHOLAS H. WEGNER, BOYS founder, Monsignor Edward J. Flanagan in hood. He ctudied at St. Joseph's Seminary, May, 1948. i.v.tsgr. Wegner-he preferred to be Teutopolis, Dl.; St. Paul reminary, St. Paul, TOWN DffiECTOR known as Father Wegner-:: 1rved Boys Town U:inn.; and the Gregorian University in for 25 years until his retirement at age 75 in Rome, where he obtained his Doctorate in October, 1973. He was succeeded by Rev. Sacred Theology and where he was ordained HON. JAMES ABDNOR Robert P. Hupp. · March 7, 1925. He later received a degree in Canon Law from the Cathollc University of OF SOUTH DAKOTA Under Father Wegner's direction, Boys Town expanded greatly, not only in its tradi­ America in Washington, D.C. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional work of caring for disadvantaged and· His first priestly assignment was as assist­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 homeless boys, but in extending its service ant pastor of St. Cecilia's Cathedral in to youth nationally and internationally. Omaha, September, 1925. Less than four years Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, I am The Boys Town Institute for Communica­ later he was named Assistant Chancellor of pleased to join with my colleague from tion Disorders in Children was created in the Diocese of Omaha, becoming Chancellor Nebraska Prelate, with the tion to Priesthood of the Rt. Rev. Msgr. be headquartered on the Boys Town campus title of Right Reverend Monsignor. and wlll include a clinical, diagnostic and re­ He was administrator of the Archdiocese Nicholas H. Wegner. habilitation center; a pre-school language of Omaha during the interim between the For those of us in South Dakota, we and learning center; built in conjunction death of Archbishop James Hugh Ryan and know Monsignor Wegner as Father Weg­ with and adjacent to the Creighton Univer­ the installation of Archbishop Gerald T. ner, the director of Father Flanagan's sity's Criss Institute for Health in Omaha, Bergan. On December 15, 1959, he was named Boys' Home at Boys Town, Nebr. Nebra.ska, just a few miles from Boys Town. Protonotary Apostollc by Pope John XXIII. Father Wegner became director of It w1ll care for physically handicapped boys On January 13, 1960, he was named Vicar and girls and wlll be receiving its first pa­ General of the Archdiocese of Omaha. Boys Town in May 1948, upon the death In addition to his concern for the spiritual of its founder, Msgr. Edward J. Flanagan. tient appuc·auons in 1976. A second major yo-ath service project un­ needs of "his boys"-symbollzed by the He served as director for 25 years until dertaken during Father Wegner's term as Catholic chapel where Father Flanagan lles his retiremen~ at age 75 in October 1973. director of Boys Town is the Boys Town Cen­ buried, and a Protestant chapel with resi­ On March 7, this Friday, Monsignor ter for the Study of Youth Development. dent chaplain-Father Wegner insisted upon Wegner will celebrate the golden jubilee Funded at $40 m.ililon from the Boys Town scholastic excellence and a wide variety of of his ordination. endowment fund, the research complex is extra-curricular activities. The Boys Town As tribute is paid for his great contri­ headquartered at Boys Town and has re­ High School is accredited by the North Cen­ gional research centers at Stanford Univers­ tral Association of Colleges and Secondary butions in an illustrious 50 years of serv­ Schools. The Boys Town Choir gives concerts ice, I would like to particularly refer to ity and at the Catholic University of America. The Center will research such painfully ur­ around the country. There is a varsity team his role in providing the guidance and gent youth problems as rejection of parents, in all major sports. counsel which has helped so many boys drug addiction, inabillty or unwillingness Father Wegner, long and actively identified become outstanding citizens. I can think to learn, and social maladjustment. with the Boy Scouts, had been honored as of no greater service than that of help­ Recent major developments on the Boys a 25-year veteran of scouting. There are ing a youngster along the rockly road of Town campus include a new grade school, seven Boy Scout units on the campus. built at a cost of $2 million, and acclaimed Demonstrating his interest in the prob­ life, teaching him how to make the most lems of youth everywhere, he made a five­ of his opportunities and how to recog­ by educators nationwide as being outstand­ month trip through the Far East and the nize and avoid the pitfalls which may lie ing among grade schools in the mr.tter of Middle East on behalf of the State Depart­ architecture, equipment, and teacher ;stu­ ment, counseling on youth problems. Fe ahead. dent facilities. By unanimous action of the A tremendous debt of gratitude is owed aided in establishing a counterpart of Father Home's Board of Directors, the school was Flanagan's Boys' Home at Monterrey, Mexico, Monsignor Wegner for his work with named for Father Wegner. and also a Boys Town in the Philippines. youth ann on the occasion of his 50th Tall, well over six feet, lean and sturdy For his work with youth and service to anniversary of ordination, I deem it an of frame, Father Wegner's figure wa.s a famil­ society he received numerous awards and honor to join in the salute to him. iar sight anywhere on Boys Town's beauti­ citations, among such honors being a Doctor Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in fully-landscaped 1,700 acres, or in lt.s more of Laws from Creighton University. than 50 buildings. He was born July 6, 1898, In recognition of the dedication and the the RECORD a biographical sketch about at Humphrey, Nebr., one of 12 chlldren of Monsignor Wegner: 25 years Father Wegner served the youth of Mr. and Mrs. Herman Wegner, Nebraska this country as well as thousands of boys THE Got.rEN JUBILEE oF RT. REv. MsGa. pioneers. He attended Humphrey schools and who called Boys Town their home, the NICHOLAS H. WEGNER later helped fir... ance his education as a Alumni of Boys' Town, Nebraska are honor­ Monsignor Nicholas H. Wegner became pitcher with a semi-pro baseball team. His ing Msgr. Nicholas H. Wegner on March 7, Director of Father Flanagan's Boys' Home at Ekill attracted contract offers from two ma- 1975 on his 50th Golden Jubilee.

SENATE-Thursday, March 6, 1975 The Senate met at 12 noon and was Senate from the President pro tempore Wednesday, March 5, 1975, be dispensed called to order by Hon. GARY W. HART, (Mr. EASTLAND). with. a Senator from the State of Colorado. The legislative clerk read the following The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ letter: pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. PRAYER U.S. SENATE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Washington, D.C., March 6,1975. COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following To the Senate: SENATE SESSION prayer: Being temporarlly absent from the Senate on ofllcial duties, I appoint Hon. GARY w. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Hear the words of the book of HART, a Senator from the State of Colorado, unanimous consent that all committees Proverbs: to perform the duties of the Chair during my may be authorized to meet during the Keep thy heart wtth all diligence; absence. session of the Senate today. tor out of it are the issues of Zife.­ JAMES 0. EASTLAND, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ President pro tempore. Proverbs 4: 23. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. 0 Lord, our God, keep our hearts allve Mr. GARY W. HART thereupon took with the divine spirit that our heads may the chair as Acting President pro work better for the Nation and Thy com­ tempore. EXECUTIVE SESSION ing kingdom. Amen. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate go APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ THE JOURNAL into executive session to consider the DENT PRO TEMPORE Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask nomination of an excellent choice to be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk unanimous consent that the reading of Secretary of Labor. will please read a communication to the the Journal of the proceedings of There being no objection, the Senate