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Young People As Agents of Change in Preventing Violence Against Women Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women KAREN STRUTHERS NATALIE PARMENTER CLARE TILBURY RESEARCH REPORT ISSUE 02 | MAY 2019 ANROWS acknowledgement This material was produced with funding from the Australian Government and the Australian state and territory governments. Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety (ANROWS) gratefully acknowledges the financial and other support it has received from these governments, without which this work would not have been possible. The findings and views reported in this paper are those of the authors and cannot be attributed to the Australian Government, or any Australian state or territory government. Acknowledgement of Country ANROWS acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land across Australia on which we live and work. We pay our respects to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elders past, present and emerging. We value Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories, cultures and knowledge. © ANROWS 2019 Published by Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety Limited (ANROWS) PO Box Q389, Queen Victoria Building, NSW, 1230 | www.anrows.org.au | Phone +61 2 8374 4000 ABN 67 162 349 171 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women / Karen Struthers et al. Sydney : ANROWS, c2019. Pages ; 30 cm. (Research report, Issue 02/2019) I. Interpersonal relations – Study and teaching – Australia. II. Sexual health – Study and teaching – Australia. III. Violence against women – Prevention. IV. Respectful relationships. I. Struthers, Karen. II. Parmenter, Natalie. III. Tilbury, Clare. ISBN: 978-1-925925-03-6 (print) | 978-1-925925-04-3 (online) Creative Commons Licence Attribution-Non Commercial CC BY-NC This licence lets others distribute, remix and build upon the work, but only if it is for non-commercial purposes and they credit the original creator/s (and any other nominated parties). They do not have to license their Derivative Works on the same terms. Version 3.0 (CC Australia ported licence): View CC BY-NC Australia Licence Deed | View CC BY-NC 3.0 Australia Legal Code Version 4.0 (international licence): View CC BY-NC 4.0 Licence Deed | View CC BY-NC 4.0 Legal Code Please note that there is the potential for minor revisions of this report. Please check the online version at www.anrows.org.au for any amendment. Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women DR KAREN STRUTHERS School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University NATALIE PARMENTER Research Officer, YFS Ltd PROFESSOR CLARE TILBURY Leneen Forde Chair of Child and Family Research, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University This report addresses work covered in the ANROWS research project RP.17.13 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women. Please consult the ANROWS website for more information on this project. ANROWS research contributes to the six national outcomes of the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children 2010-2022. This research addresses national plan outcome 2 – Relationships are respectful. Suggested citation: Struthers, K., Parmenter, N., & Tilbury, C. (2019). Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women (Research report, 02/2019). Sydney, NSW: ANROWS. Griffith University University Drive, Meadowbrook, Logan Queensland Author acknowledgement The cooperation from Brisbane Catholic Education and the Department of Education, Queensland Government in providing ethics clearance and access to schools enabled this research to occur. The project was supported by funding from ANROWS and in-kind support from Griffith University. Report prepared by: Dr Karen Struthers, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland. Natalie Parmenter, Research Officer, YFS Ltd, Logan. Professor Clare Tilbury, Leneen Forde Chair of Child and Family Research, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University. Research team Dr Karen Struthers (Chief Investigator) Professor Clare Tilbury (Research oversight and guidance) Natalie Parmenter (Research Officer) Our collaborating partners were: a. YFS Ltd, Logan. YFS initiated and continues to support R4Respect. YFS is a multi-service non-government organisation. b. Ruby Gaea, Darwin, Northern Territory. Ruby Gaea is an independent Darwin women’s organisation providing counselling and support to women and children who have experienced sexual assault at any time in their lives. We also acknowledge the members of the Youth Research Group, including Anna Cameron, Masters student, and Elizabeth Cannon, Honours student, in the School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland. Acknowledgement of lived experiences of violence We acknowledge the lives and experiences of the women and children affected by domestic, family, sexual violence and neglect, who are represented in this report. We recognise the individual stories of courage, hope and resilience that form the basis of ANROWS research. Caution: Some people may find parts of this content confronting or distressing. Recommended support services include: 1800 RESPECT – 1800 737 732, Lifeline – 13 11 14 RESEARCH REPORT | MAY 2019 Contents Executive summary: Our snapshot of this research 8 What is R4Respect? 8 The research process 8 The results 8 What do these findings mean? 10 Implications for practice, policy and research 11 Introduction 14 Proposed outcomes 14 State of knowledge review 15 Introduction 15 The context in which R4Respect has developed 16 Defining the terms: Respectful relationships programs targeting young people and violence 18 Peer education models in preventing violence against women 18 Respectful relationships education: Evidence on impacts 21 A multi-theoretical approach: young people as researchers and agents of change 24 Methodology 27 The framework guiding the research 27 Research overview 28 Research method 28 Ethical considerations 34 Knowledge translation 35 Findings 36 Overview: A valued role for peer-to-peer respectful relationships education 36 What the young participants had to say: quantitative analysis 36 What the stakeholders, peer educators and researchers had to say 48 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women 1 RESEARCH REPORT | MAY 2019 “Thumbs-up” for peer-to-peer education: A synthesis of the input from the young participants, stakeholders, peer educators and researchers 59 Four main elements identified in this research that make the program work well 59 Four main elements to enhance the impact of R4Respect and peer education in respectful relationships education (RRE) 64 Implications for practice, policy and research 67 Implications for practice 67 Implications for policy development 69 Implications for research 70 Limitations of the research and suggestions for future research 71 Conclusion 72 References 73 Appendix A. Post-workshop survey of youth participants 79 Appendix B. Six week follow-up survey for youth participants 84 Appendix C. R4Respect Educational Program Outline for ANROWS research 86 Appendix D. Logan schools’ promotion of respectful relationships 89 Appendix E. Comprehensive data analysis report – quantitative survey methods 90 2 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women RESEARCH REPORT | MAY 2019 Appendix F. Focus group with the R4Respect team after completion of the field visits - Summary. 105 Appendix G. Researcher critical reflections on the research process 106 Appendix H. Program logic - R4Respect 2018 107 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women 3 RESEARCH REPORT | MAY 2019 List of tables Table 1 The activities and learning outcomes for peer educators and members of the Youth Research Group (YRG) 30 Table 2 Stakeholder interviews 33 Table 3 Age range of survey respondents 37 Table 4 Percentage of male and female survey respondents n=86 37 Table 5 Distribution of most common cultural backgrounds amongst participants 37 Table 6 Young people’s responses to peer-to-peer education approach 38 Table 7 Responses to selected statements that deal with harm and consent 40 Table 8 Responses to statements that explore excuses for violence 42 Table 9 Responses to selected statements to gender equality 44 Table 10 Responses to “Don’t be a Bad Apple” animations 46 List of figures Figure 1 RESPECT-Ed: a checklist for peer-to-peer education programs for respectful relationships education (RRE) 12 Figure 2 The lens of participation for young people 17 Figure 3 Viewing each element of the research through a feminist lens 28 Figure 4 Peer2Peer Education Assessment Tool for respectful relationships education (RRE) 61 4 Young people as agents of change in preventing violence against women RESEARCH REPORT | MAY 2019 Key terms Adolescent Adolescent relationship violence and abuse (ARVA) (Beres, 2017) refers to abuse and relationship violence violence occurring in the romantic and sexual relationships that young people engage in and abuse (ARVA) as distinct from friendships or familial relationships. Domestic and Domestic and family violence (DFV) is the term used in this report to encompass the range family violence (DFV) of violent and abusive behaviours — physical, psychological, sexual, financial, technology- facilitated and neglectful — that are predominantly perpetrated by men against women and their children in current or past intimate or familial or kinship relationships. This is consistent with the Third Action Plan 2016-2019 of the National
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