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Girish Et Al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953

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Girish Et Al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953 Girish et al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953 An Elsevier Indexed Journal ISSN-2230-7346 Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM FLOWERS V. Anjali1, P. Naveena2, C. Suresh2, D, Balasekhar2, G. Gangamma2, C. Girish* 1* S.V.U.College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S.V.University, Tirupati - 517502. A.P, India. 2Sri Lakshmi venkateswara Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Proddatur,Kadapa, A.P,India *Corresponding author E-mail:[email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Peltophorum pterocarpum belongs to the family caesalpiniaceae. It is Key Words commanly known as yellow poinciana, golden flame and copper pod. In Peltophorum Ayurveda it is used in many conditions and traditionally it is proved to be pterocarpum, used in the treatment of stomatitis, insomnia, constipation, ringworm, Flavonoids, dysentery, muscular pains, sores and ski n disorders. The objective of the Phytochemical present study involves the phytochemical investigation of the Peltophorum pterocarpum flowers. The flowers are extracted with the 70 % ethanol and investigation and phytochemical evaluation was carried out for the determination of golden flame Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Sterols, Tannins, phenolic compounds and Aminoacids. Results revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Sterols, Tannins, phenolic compounds and Aminoacids. INTRODUCTION: Peltophorum pterocarpum is a eye lotions and to treat pains and sores. common deciduous tree grown in topical Leaves of the plant are used in treating skin contries. Different names of this plant are disorders in the form of decoction. Stem Yellow Poinciana, golden flame, copper infusion of this plant used to treat dysentery, pod, Rusty shield bearer and Yellow gargles, tooth powder and to reduce muscle flamboyant. The plant grows at a height of pain. The flowers are used as astringent to about 40 to 50 feet and it spreads about 30 to relive intestinal disorders after pain at child 40 feet. The flowers are in yellow colour birth, sprains and to treat swelling. The with pleasant fragrance which appears with a flowers of these plants are the rich sources glow. Generally flowering is observed of carotinoids 2. The chemical constituents during summer.1 of this plant are known to exhibit several Different parts of this tree are use biological activities such as anti microbial full to treat many diseases like stomatitis, activity, anti oxidant activity, cytotoxic insomnia, skin troubles, constipation, ring activity, anti glycemic activity, aldose worm. The flower extract is known to be a reductase inhibition activity, cardiotonic good sleep inducer and used in insomnia activity and choline esterase inhibitory treatment. Bark is used as a medicine for activity etc 3-8. The present objective of the dysentery and can also be used to prepare study is preparartion of the ethanolic extract 3949 Girish et al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953 of Peltophorum pterocarpum flowers Phytochemical investigations: (EEPP) and investigation of phytochemical 1. Detection of carbohydrates 9: parameters of the EEPP. A. Molish’s test: To 2 – 3 ml extract few drops of molish’s reagent (alpha naphthol solution in alcohol) was added. The test tube was shaken well and conc. sulphuric acid was added along the sides of the test tube. Formation of violet ring at the junction of two liquids. B. Fehling’s test: In a test tube 1 ml of Fehling’s A and 1 ml of Fehling’s B solutions were added. These mixed solutions were boiled Figure 1: Peltophorum pterocarpum tree for a minute. Then equal amount (2 ml) of test solution was added. Brick red precipitate was observed which confirmed the presence of carbohydrates. 2. Detection of Proteins 10: A. Xanthoprotein test: 3ml of test solution was taken in a test tube. To this 1ml of conc. Sulphuric acid was added along the sides of the test tube. Yellow precipitate has observed due to the presence of proteins. B. Millon’s test: 1ml of test solution was taken in a Figure 2: Flowers of Peltophorum fresh test tube followed by the addition of 3 pterocarpum ml of million’s reagent. The solution is MATERIALS AND METHODS: boiled. Brick red colour observed due to the Collection of Peltophorum pterocarpum presence of protein. flowers: C. Ninhydrin test: The fresh flowers of Peltophorum About 1 ml of test solution was pterocarpum were collected from the village taken in a test tube. To this solution 3 drops Peddasettypalli, Proddatur, Kadapa district, of Ninhydrin reagent was added and boiled. Andhra Pradesh, India, in the month of April Purple (or) bluish colour observed due to the 2014. The plant was authenticated by Dr. presence of amino acids. Madhav Chetty, Taxonomist, S.V. 3. Detection of sterols 11: University, Tirupathi, India. The flowers A. Salkowski reaction: were shade dried at room temperature and 2ml of extract was taken in a test the shade dried flowers of Peltophorum tube. To this 2 ml of chloroform was added. pterocarpum were powdered with the help Then 2 ml of conc. sulphuric acid was added of rotary grinder. along the sides of the test tube slowly and Extraction of Peltophorum pterocarpum shaken well. Greenish yellow fluorescence flowers: appeared. This confirmed as the presence of Finely powdered flower sample (500 sterols. gm) was packed in Soxhlet apparatus for B. Libermann – Burchard reaction: extraction with 400 ml of 70 % ethanol until In a test tube, 2 ml of test solution it does not show the presence of any residue was taken followed by the addition of on evaporation. Solvents were removed from chloroform. To this 2 ml of acetic anhydride the extracts with the help of rotary vacuum was added and heated. evaporator. 3950 Girish et al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953 Solution was allowed to cool for few iodine solution. Transient red colour is seconds then conc. sulphuric acid was added formed which indicates presence of tannins. slowly along the sides of the test tube. Blue D. Dilute HNO3: colour appeared which confirmed the 2 ml of extract was taken in a test presence of sterols. tube followed by the addition alcohol and 4. Detection of Alkaloids 12: shaken well. To this add 2 ml of dilute Little quantity of extract was taken HNO3. Reddish to yellow colour was formed in a test tube. To this, 2ml dil. HCl was which inferred indicates the presence of added. The solution was shaken well and tannins. filtered. This filtrate was used to perform the E. Dilute Potassium permanganate following tests: solution: A. Dragendorff’s reaction: 2 ml of extract was taken in a test 2 to 3 ml of filtrate was taken in a tube followed by the addition of alcohol and fresh test tube. To this few drops of shaken well. To this add 2 ml of Dilute dragendroff’s reagent was added. Orange Potassium permanganate solution was added brown precipitate indicates presence of and the appearance of discolouration. alkaloid. B. Mayer’s test: 6. Detection of Flavonoids 14 2 to 3 ml of filtrate was taken in a A. Shinoda test: test tube followed by the addition of mayer’s Little quantity of extract was taken reagent. A white precipitate indicates in a test tube. To this, 5 ml 95 % ethanol was presence of alkaloid. added followed by the addition of 2 ml conc. C. Hager’s test: HCl along the sides of the test tube slowly. 2 to 3 ml of filtrate was taken in a Then 0.5 g magnesium turnings were added. test tube followed by the addition of Hager’s Appearance of pink colour confirmed the reagent. A yellow precipitate indicates presence of flavonoids. presence of alkaloids. RESULTS: D. Wagner’s test: Peltophorum pterocarpum flowers 2 to 3 ml of filtrate was taken in a were subjected to phytochemical screening. test tube followed by the addition of Ethanolic extract of the plant contains Wagner’s reagent. A reddish brown carbohydrates, proteins and aminoacids, precipitate indicates presence of alkaloids. sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic 5. Detection of Tannins and phenolic compounds and tannins (Table 1). compounds 13: CONCLUSION: A. Ferric chloride solution test: Little quantity of extract was taken The Ethanolic extract of 70% in a test tube. To this, 2 ml ethanol was Ethanolic extract of Peltophorum added and mixed well followed by the pterocarpum tested for phytochemical addition of 1ml of 5 % ferric chloride constitutents like reducing sugars, phenolic reagent. Deep blue colour indicates the compounds, flavanoids, protein, presence of tannins. carbohydrates. The knowledge of the B. Lead acetate test: chemical constituents of plants helps to 2 m1 of extract was taken in a test screen for biological activities. The phenolic tube followed by the addition of alcohol and and flavanoids are widely distributed shaken well. To this 2 ml lead acetate was secondary metabolites in plants having anti- added. White precipitate formed which oxidant activity and have wide range of indicates presence of tannins. biological activities as anti-apoptosis, anti- C. Dilute iodine test: aging, anti carcinogen, anti-inflammation, 2 ml of extract was taken in a test anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular tube followed by the addition of alcohol and protection and improvement of endothelial shaken well. To this add 2 ml of dilute function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activities 15. 3951 Girish et al, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2017; 8(2): 3949- 3953 Table 1: Phytochemical evaluation of Peltophorum pterocarpum flowers S.No. Plant constituent Test Inference 1 Carbohydrates Molish’s reagent +ve Fehling’s test +ve 2 Proteins and Amino acids Ninhydrin test and Millons test +ve 3 Sterols Salkowski reaction +ve Libermann – Burchard reaction +ve 4 Tannins & Phenolic Ferric chloride solution test +ve compounds Lead acetate test +ve Dilute Iodine test +ve Dilute HNO3 test +ve Dilute KMNO4 test +ve 5 Flavonoids Shinoda test +ve 6 Alkaloids Dragendroff’s test +ve Mayer’s test and Wagner’s test +ve Hager's test +ve Figure 3: Tests for tannins (Phenolic compounds) Figure 4: Test for flavonoids Figure 5: Test for alkaloids (A-Hager's test, B- Dragendorff’s test, C- Mayer’s test) 3952 Girish et al, J.
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