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“Sorprese E Inediti: Da Byron a Constance Fenimore Woolson. La “Sorprese e inediti: da Byron a Constance Fenimore Woolson. La donazione Clare Rathbone Benedict alla Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana” Venezia, Sale Monumentali della Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (Libreria Sansoviniana) 30 marzo -1 maggio 2014 Enti promotori Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana Comitato di Venezia della Società Dante Alighieri Curatori della mostra e del catalogo Carlo Campana Gregory Dowling Rosella Mamoli Zorzi Ufficio Stampa Annalisa Bruni Monica Fontana Mariachiara Mazzariol Restauro e allestimento Claudia Benvestito Silvia Pugliese Catalogo Supernova Edizioni [email protected] Ringraziamenti Si ringraziano i prestatori anonimi e Villa Pisani, Vescovana; Antonella Sattin, direttore del Fondo Storico dell’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia; Francesco Turio Boehm; Darla Moore, archivista della Woolson House al Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida; Vicki Capozza, archivista della Western Reserve Historical Society, di Cleveland, Ohio. Si ringraziano inoltre il Direttore del Non-Catholic Cemetery di Roma, Amanda Thursfield, e Nicholas Stanley-Price, della medesima istituzione; un particolare ringraziamento va alla presidente della Constance Fenimore Woolson Society, Anne Boyd Rioux, New Orleans University, per i preziosi consigli offerti fin dall’inizio e nel corso del progetto, a Patricia Curtis Viganò e Carlo Viganò per il continuo incoraggiamento, ed a Alberto Prandi, dell’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, per il generoso aiuto. La donazione Clare Rathbone Benedict Le biblioteche conservano spesso segrete carte: così è per il materiale di questa mostra, anche se non solo di carte ritrovate si tratta. Per ricordare la scrittrice americana Constance Fenimore Woolson (1843-1894), Clare Rathbone Benedict (1868-1961), figlia di Clara, sorella di Constance, fece una donazione alla Marciana: 75 libri di o su Byron, oggetti riguardanti Byron, libri in cui – sorpresa e meraviglia! – sono incollati lacerti di lettere del tutto inedite di Constance Fenimore Woolson. Questa donazione era fino ad oggi ignota agli studiosi, mentre note sono le donazioni ad altre istituzioni che ricevettero libri e manoscritti da Clare Benedict. Come si ritrovò questa donazione? Nel preparare un’altra mostra alla Marciana, ci capitò tra le mani un libretto della collezione Tursi, dove erano incollati dei frammenti di lettere di C. F. Woolson, in genere più nota come amica di Henry James che per i suoi romanzi, anche se, ai suoi tempi, era stata scrittrice di grande successo. Tramite i registri della Biblioteca si risalì alla donazione. I libri vennero collocati nella collezione Tursi, perdendo in un certo modo la loro identità, e lo scatolone con gli oggetti fu riposto in un armadio. Lo scatolone fu ritrovato e furono identificati i libri della donazione, in cui erano incollati frammenti di lettere inedite della Woolson. Prime edizioni delle opere di Byron, oggetti riferentisi a Byron, frammenti inediti delle lettere di C. F. Woolson sono qui esposti per la prima volta. Da Byron a Constance Fenimore Woolson: angloamericani a Venezia Si indicano in questa sezione i palazzi sul Canal Grande dove risiedettero alcuni dei principali residenti e ospiti americani e inglesi, dal soggiorno di Byron fino all’ultimo soggiorno di Constance Fenimore Woolson a Venezia. Tra questi i più noti sono: Palazzo Mocenigo, dove Byron visse i suoi due ultimi anni veneziani (1816-1819); Palazzo Rezzonico, acquistato interamente da Pen Browning, dove morì Robert Browning nel 1889; Palazzo Barbaro, acquistato nel 1885 da Daniel e Ariana Curtis; Palazzo Semitecolo, dalle cui finestre si gettò Constance F. Woolson il 24 gennaio del 1894; Palazzo Barbarigo, dove vissero Caroline e Frederic Eden, i proprietari del “Giardino dell’Eden” alla Giudecca; Casa Alvisi, dove vissero Katharine de Kay Bronson e la figlia Edith. Altri palazzi ebbero ospiti illustri quali Rawdon Brown, storico inglese, John A. Symonds, storico dell’arte inglese, Austen Henry Layard, ambasciatore e scopritore di Ninive con la sua magnifica collezione di quadri e reperti archeologici, la bellissima Helen d’Abernon, che restaurò la scala gotica del cortile di Ca’ Giustinian dei Vescovi. Alcuni ritratti di stranieri residenti o ospiti a Venezia negli anni 80 e 90 dell’Ottocento Ariana e Daniel Sargent Curtis, che a Palazzo Barbaro ebbero più volte ospite Henry James, che in questo palazzo trovò il “germe” per il Palazzo Leporelli di Milly Theale nelle Ali della colomba (1902); nel magnifico salone, tutto stucchi e dipinti, lesse le sue poesie Robert Browning. John S. Sargent dipinse i Curtis genitori e il figlio Ralph con la moglie Lisa in un famoso dipinto (1898) ora alla Royal Academy di Londra. Isabella Stewart Gardner vi alloggiò più volte, ispirandosi al palazzo per il museo da lei creato a Boston. La bellissima Evelina Millingen Pisani abitava al primo piano nobile. Katharine de Kay Bronson, la cui casa, Palazzino Alvisi, di fronte alla Salute sul Canal Grande, fu “un porto di mare sociale”, come scrisse Henry James. Americana, ospitò nell’adiacente Palazzo Giustiniani Recanati sia Robert Browning con il figlio Pen, sia Henry James. Nel suo salotto presero il tè e fumarono innumerevoli sigarette James Abbott McNeill Whistler e molti altri artisti e visitatori, ricchi e poveri. Donna di grande generosità, aiutò l’asilo di San Marziale, istituendo anche un programma di bagni marini al Lido per i bambini ospiti. Imparò tanto bene il veneziano che scrisse “commediette” in dialetto, rappresentate a Asolo e nella sua casa di Venezia, dove organizzò numerosi tableaux vivants. Robert Browning con il figlio Pen che nel 1888 acquistò l’intero palazzo Rezzonico, dove morì il famoso poeta nel 1889. John Addington Symonds, lo storico dell’arte inglese, ricevuto nella migliore società anche se era nota la sua relazione con un gondoliere, sposato. Sir Austen Henry Layard, ambasciatore e scopritore di Ninive, nel suo Palazzo Cappello vicino a Rialto espose la sua collezione di antichità mesopotamiche e di quadri, tra cui il Maometto II di Gentile Bellini. Lady Layard rimaneva spesso a casa a scolpire o a suonare la chitarra, occupandosi però del Cosmopolitan Hospital alla Giudecca. Scrisse un prezioso diario, consultabile in rete grazie alla Browning Armstrong Library di Waco, Texas. Cronologia di Byron 1788 George Gordon Byron nasce a Londra il 22 gennaio. 1789-98 Vive ad Aberdeen, in Scozia, con la madre Catherine Gordon Byron. 1798 Muore il prozio: Byron diventa il VI barone Byron di Rochdale. Si trasferisce nella magione di famiglia, Newstead Abbey, nel Nottinghamshire. 1801-05 Frequenta la Harrow School, vicino a Londra. 1805-07 Studia al Trinity College di Cambridge. 1808-09 Da Cambridge va a Londra e a Newstead. 1809-11 Viaggi in Portogallo, Spagna, Malta, Grecia, Albania e Turchia. 1812 John Murray pubblica Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage I-II, resoconto autobiografico dei suoi viaggi. Successo istantaneo. 1813-1816 Pubblica una serie di “Racconti orientali” (The Giaour, The Bride of Abydos, The Corsair, Lara, The Siege of Corinth), tutti di grande successo. 1815 Matrimonio di Byron e di Annabella Milbanke (gennaio). Nasce la figlia Ada in dicembre. 1816 Lady Byron lascia il marito in gennaio. Separazione formale in aprile. Byron parte per Ostenda in aprile; visita i campi di battaglia di Waterloo; viaggia lungo il Reno; trascorre l’estate a Villa Diodati a Ginevra. Scrive Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage III, sui recenti viaggi. In autunno si trasferisce a Milano, poi a Venezia (novembre). 1817 Viaggia nell’Italia centrale, visitando Ferrara, Firenze e Roma. 1818 A Venezia conosce Teresa Gamba (gennaio), moglie del conte Alessandro Guiccioli di Ravenna. Pubblica Beppo (febbraio), poemetto satirico in ottava rima. Pubblica in aprile Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage IV, racconto dei suoi viaggi in Italia. Inizia a lavorare sul Don Juan, poema eroicomico in ottava rima. 1819 Byron e Teresa Guiccioli diventano amanti (aprile). In giugno-agosto Byron si reca a Ravenna, per essere accanto a Teresa. Ritorna a Ravenna in dicembre e vive nel Palazzo Guiccioli fino all’autunno del 1821. Pubblica i primi due canti del Don Juan in luglio. 1820 Continua a scrivere il Don Juan. Teresa e il marito si separano. Byron si unisce ai “Carbonari” di Ravenna (estate). 1821 Pubblica una serie di drammi storici e di poemi: Marino Faliero e Prophecy of Dante (aprile); Cain, Sardanapalus e The Two Foscari (dicembre). Anche i canti III-IV del Don Juan (agosto). Scrive un poemetto satirico in ottava rima, A Vision of Judgement. La famiglia Gamba è bandita dallo Stato Pontificio (luglio). Si trasferisce a Pisa in novembre. 1822 In luglio Shelley annega nella Baia di Lerici. In ottobre Byron e Teresa si trasferiscono a Albaro, vicino a Genova. 1823 John Hunt pubblica Don Juan VI-VII in luglio; IX-XI in agosto, e XII-XIV in dicembre. Il Comitato Greco di Londra si mette in contatto con Byron, che vi si associa in maggio. In luglio Byron salpa per la Grecia, con Pietro Gamba. 1824 Sbarca sulla terraferma greca in gennaio, a Missolungi. In febbraio ha un attacco di convulsioni. Febbre. Muore il 19 aprile. Il corpo ritorna in Inghilterra ed è sepolto a Hucknall Torkard, nel Nottinghamshire, il 16 luglio. Libri pubblicati subito dopo la morte di Byron In questa sezione sono esposti alcuni libri che vennero pubblicati immediatamente dopo la morte di Byron, a testimonianza dell’enorme eco che ebbe tale evento. Due volumi (William Parry, The Last Days of Lord Byron, e Count Peter Gamba, A Narrative of Lord Byron’s Last Journey to Greece) furono scritti da persone che furono molto vicine al poeta nel suo ultimo viaggio in Grecia, dove Byron aveva sposato la causa dell’indipendenza della nazione. Thomas Medwin, cugino del poeta Shelley, offre un resoconto affascinante, seppure non sempre attendibile, dello stile della conversazione di Byron, resoconto basato sulla frequentazione del poeta a Pisa. Un ritratto di Byron giovane si trova in R. C. Dallas, Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron. John Galt, romanziere scozzese, scrisse una delle prime biografie complete di Byron, anche se la sua conoscenza del poeta si limitava ai viaggi giovanili nel Mediterraneo (1809).
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