A Short Introduction to Public Engagement with Science

Pedro Russo Astronomy & Society Group, Leiden Observatory Dep. Science Communication & Society Is this public engagement? Public Engagement “Spectrum”

Pompea & Russo 2009 Popular Science Books Open House Days.

E S O O pe n Public Talks European Researchers Night Talks in science centres, schools, cultural centres and astrocafés. How you can contribute to IYA2009

Social Media (blogs, twitter, FB, etc.) Documentaries/TV Shows Science themed activities in schools. Design your Alien Wikipedia Work experience for high school and undergrad students in your institution. Science Science Literacy Big Ideas Cosmology is the science of exploring the Universe as a whole

Astronomy is one of the oldest We all live on a small planet sciences in human history within the Solar System

Astronomical phenomena can We are all made be experienced in our daily lives of stardust

The night sky is There are hundreds of billions rich and dynamic of galaxies in the Universe

Astronomy is a science that studies celestial We may not be alone objects and phenomena in the Universe in the Universe

Astronomy benefits from and We must preserve Earth, stimulates technology development our only home in the Universe How managers can contribute to IYA2009

• Encourage work experience placements for science students.

• Encourage “artists in residence” programme in the organisations or institutions. Laurie Anderson - NASA's first Artist In Residence

“artists in residence” programmes in research organisations or institutions.

Michel Gondry – MIT’s Artist In Residence Innovative art/science project Music Concerts Exhibitions innon-traditional venues

Fr o m E art h to th e U ni ve rs e – Guerrilla Science Communication Very creative approaches Dinner inside a Planetarium Camping inside a Planetarium Clubbing inside a Planetarium Finding Nemo Development of Science Communication

Public Public Science Literacy Understanding Engagement of Science with Science • Similar to scientific literacy • Deficit of knowledge • Dialogue between the • Focus on the understanding • Communication from public and the scientists. of the scientific enterprise, scientists to public • Public engaged in scientific including the processes • One-way communication reasoning and uncertainties • Public is informed • Public engages in practical • Still one-way aspects of science communication

• Public are simple receivers of knowledge without a say in • seen as a way to control the process. and manage public opinion • Scientific knowledge lies with the scientific elite of professional scientists Public Engagement “Spectrum”

Product Development Impact on Research: policy & citizen-science

Pompea & Russo 2019 Case Study Product Development ambition from science to science fiction

Ambition: Movie Project

Pre-Production Production Post-production Concept Final storyboard Comm campaign Script Casting Teaser Storyboard Shooting Premiere VFX Follow-up

October February September 2013 2014 2014 Starting Points for Ambition

• Rosetta is an exciting (science) mission

• Use the power of pop culture and social networks to reach audiences beyond the typical space enthusiasts. (Main hook: famous actor/actress)

• Create a buzz/hype around the project to reach the untapped audiences Script Development ROSETTA MISSION THE FILM “Ambition”

SCRIPT The probes float towards him. The Master “wipes the board clean” with a gesture. A shot from above – we see what the Apprentice has painstakingly constructed. A geometrical river delta cuts through a wasteland surrounded by rubble. The Master rapidly wipes the terrain clean with a seismic wave that spreads out in a hexagonal form. On the empty “canvas” of the landscape, the Master constructs the setting for his story. The rubble on the horizon turns into the Kuiper belt. Blocks representing the planets appear in the wasteland. The blocks move in “orbits” around the center of the wasteland. Master and Apprentice walk past the symbolic Earth. MASTER What was the basis of life on Earth? The Apprentice shrugs her shoulders. The answer is obvious. APPRENTICE Water. MASTER In the 21st century, the origin of water and life on earth were still a mystery. People began to search for the answer beyond Earth, and even beyond the Solar System. Storyboard Storyboard Science Consultancy in a Science Fiction Movie

Science has to be accurate enough to serve the story and to convince the viewer hat what’s going on in the movie could actually happen. Ambition: Scientific Storyboard Science Visuals Storyboard Based on Ambition Shooting Board version 1.0

ver 1.1 ­ 25 june 2014

Scene # Scientific Accuracy Visuals Science and Tech Assets

25, 26 Planet relative sizes, See planet "moodboard" for real Textures page 22 distances, rotation and images of the planets translation speeds Calculate sizes and Planets' feelings speeds (Based on: https://docs.google.c om/spreadsheet/ccc ?key=0Apv5Ui5jcg8 NdFlwNnhFWGNIM m5KQ1VXeG1QZHF Bcnc&usp=drive_we b#gid=0)

28 Kuiper Belt's density General look for kuiper's belt page 24 objects

29­30 kuiper belt object collision. object is slingshot to becomes comet. show inner solar system process

31 interaction with jupiter Jupiter look & textures.

32­33 comet look Comet look & textures page 25

36 Mars Mars l page 27

38­40 rosetta orbit. Slingshot Comet and spacecraft orbit data We have (for “where page 28 is rosetta”) all the orbital description and planets positions Science Visuals Storyboard Science Visuals Storyboard Science Visuals Storyboard Storyboard Storyboard Cast

• European cast (actress + actor) with international profile.

• Cast of Game of Thrones : • Little finger: Aidan Gillen (IE) • Older Lyanna Stark: Aisling Franciosi (IT/IE) Shooting VFX - Visual Effects Teaser http://sploid.gizmodo.com/ambition-is-the-new-sci-fi-movie-you-didnt-even-know-yo-1647951087 Premiere

Premiered on 24 October 2014 in London at BFI’s (British Film Institute) major UK-wide celebration of Sci-Fi Days of Fear and Wonder Results.

Ambition YouTube: 992 199 ESA YouTube: 1 419 941 ESA website: 226 430

Total viewers: ~2.6 M viewers Content Analysis of On-line Comments

Content Analysis of On-line Comments Opinion and attitudes towards this science communication approach and the mission itself. Content Analysis of On-line Comments

Temporal Sentiment Analysis of Ambition the Film (K. Borner , P. Russo. et al. 2016) .

"I am surprised that we need something like this at all now. Mankind sends a probe into space to catch a comet and land on it, and we need a great director, film and actors to convince people that this is interesting."

Lukasz Sobisz, Platige Image Case Study Impact on Research Hubble Space Telescope: 1990.

Policy Issue: Spherical aberration mocked by media (and they public).

Reaction: Large scale outreach campaign by NASA/ STScI.

Result: Changed public perception/opinion.

Hubble on Newsweek’s cover page. Hubble Space Telescope: 2003.

Policy Issue: Servicing mission 4 cancelled by NASA administration (O’Keefe).

Reaction: Grassroots campaign by “Hubble Huggers” established a direct dialogue between NASA and public.

Result: Servicing mission reinstated for 2009 by NASA Saving Hubble movie poster (2011) administration (Griffin). James Webb Space Telescope: 2011.

Policy Issue: Funding cancelled by US House of Representatives.

Reaction: Grassroots campaign #saveJWST by “Science Warriors”.

Result: Funding reinstated.

Save James Webb campaign. (2011) International Sun- Earth Explorer 3 : 2014.

Policy Issue: Launched 1978, retired 1997, cancelled 2014.

Reaction: Reboot Team fights to save probe, launches crowdfunding campaign, raises $160,000.

Result: Probe given to Reboot Team and citizen scientists .

ISEE-3 Reboot Badge (2014) Crowdfunding Space • Rewards-based: backer receives perks for donating • Numerous reasons to crowd-fund: • funding, exposure • outreach, effort to include the public • But: some space-related projects cost significantly more than what would be feasible to crowd-fund

160 000 USD 1 500 000 USD 1 000 000 USD 1 264 000 USD Research Cycle

Obtain Funding

Build Conduct Reputation Experiments

Communicate Results Research Cycle 2.0

Obtain Funding

Build Conduct Reputation Experiments

Communicate Results Open Science

It’s 2023. Free and open, high quality and crowd- sourced science, focusing on the grand societal challenges of our time, shapes the daily life of a new generation of researchers.

Executive Summary

The skills necessary for Open Science are: •open access publishing •data management and open data; •enabling professional research conduct; •citizen science. Responsible Research & Innovation

Non-Experts (Citizens) Citizen-Science Engagement

Access to Research Data Citizen- Scientist

Motivation: Contribution to science (i.e. no sandbox games, it must really be a contribution to science) ; Learn more about science ; You see things that very few people have seen before. Citizen- Science Participation Level

galaxyzoo.org

70+ Research Publications Zooniverse Research Ouputs

• Andromeda Project (4) • Planet 9 (3) • Disk Detective (3) • Exoplanet Explorers (5) • Galaxy Zoo 63 • Milky Way Project (6) • DIY Science Public Labs Amateur Societies DIY Science Public Labs Hack Science Platforms

publiclaboratory.org biocurious.org DIY Science Public Labs

biocurious.org DIY Science Public Labs

bioartlab.com DIY Science Kits

Balloon mapping kit

Input and output of citizen science

Scientists Participants Reasons Scientific output Contribution to goals of project Outreach Interest in topics Environmental Stewardship Enjoyment Democratizing Community Outcomes Data Knowledge Peer-reviewed papers Skills Discoveries Interest, attitude Policy Empowerment (science for everyone) Citizen- Science Lab

An incubator and central hub for citizen science projects. Citizen Science Lab

3. Lorentz 4. 1. 2. Stakeholders 5. Public Center CSLab Call for Ideas Involvement Release Workshop Incubation

up to a year 6-12 months 1 week (under a CSLab fellowship) citizen science lab

Wanted: research questions!

What is the air quality in my environment? How many but- terfly species live in my garden? Or do I recognise the Leiden dialect? Do you have a question about your neighbourhood, or even the whole city? Let us know!

Science in the city

We challenge residents and scientists to study societal questions together. As science is from and for everyone! Through citizen science projects, re- sidents set-up real scientific research and work together with scientists. They are involved as much as possible in all phases of the research.

Citizen Science Lab

Send your question to [email protected] before Friday 15 March 2019. Then the Citizen Science Lab will help you work out your interests and question into a project proposal. Residents, organizations, part- nerships, and scientists can propose ideas and at least one research project will be executed. The deadline for the final project proposals is Sunday 31 March 2019.

www.universiteitleiden.nl/citizensciencelab project. iSPEX the during phone their on add-on an using aerosols measure researchers and Volunteers Citizen-Science

• Real research. • Contribution from citizens (non- experts) is required. • Motivation: participate in real research. • Two goals: • Scientific output • Public Engagement www.ecsa-conference.eu https://www.cs-eu.net/ Some Conclusions

• Science Communication is a (very) diverse field.

• Public Engagement can and have an impact on research.

• The Public plays a (big) role in diverse (and unexpected) aspects of research. Fridays for Future

Make European Astronomy Carbon Neutral by 2025

• Run all the Astronomy Computing facilities by Green Energy • Reducing traveling and offset emissions caused by necessary travels (and transportation) • Institutional investments in stocks move to green investments. • Other ideas? Astronomy&Society / Science Communication & Society Leiden University, the Netherlands

Pedro Russo [email protected]

Climate impact: 675 kg CO2 offset at