Ransomware 2017
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The 5 Things You Need to Do to Protect Yourself from Ransomware
THE 5 THINGS YOU NEED TO DO TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM RANSOMWARE ARE YOU RANSOMWARE-AWARE? In our recent survey* of more than RANSOMWARE is malware sent The 5 things you need to do to protect 3,000 people in the U.S. and Canada by criminals that encrypts your we learned that many are unaware of files and threatens to delete yourself from ransomware ransomware or how to defend against it. them if you don’t pay a ransom. By Stephen Cobb, ESET Senior Security Researcher ...said85% they would not pay the ransom fee and just risk losing their files, and Family photos and videos. Tax returns and other financial records. Business 15% said they would pay and take the chance that they may not even get documents. Think about everything that you keep on your computer. What their files back. would happen if it all was stolen from you? ...of42% people did not know if the internet That’s what a ransomware attack does. Criminals use this nasty breed security/antivirus they were using helped protect them from ransomware. of software to reach out over your internet connection and kidnap the contents of your computer, literally holding them for ransom. Ransomware silently encrypts all of your personal files, making them unreadable, and then demands that you send money to the criminal in order to restore them. ...of31% respondents NEVER backup their files. Those in the youngest age bracket (18-24) were the most likely age group to never back up files (35%). We surveyed over 3,000 people across the U.S. -
Malpedia: a Collaborative Effort to Inventorize the Malware Landscape
Malpedia: A Collaborative Effort to Inventorize the Malware Landscape Daniel Plohmann @push_pnx [email protected] 2017-12-07 | Botconf, Montpellier Martin Clauß martin.clauß@fkie.fraunhofer.de Steffen Enders [email protected] Elmar Padilla [email protected] 1 © Cyber Analysis and Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE $whoami Daniel Plohmann Security Researcher @ Fraunhofer (Europe‘s largest organisation for applied research) Research Scope: Malware Analysis Reverse Engineering Automation 2 © Cyber Analysis and Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Outline Summary Motivation (or: how it began) Approach The Malpedia Corpus & Platform A Comparative Structural Analysis of Windows Malware Future Plans / Conclusion 3 © Cyber Analysis and Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Summary 4 © Cyber Analysis and Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Summary TL;DR What is Malpedia? A free, independent, pooled resource for confidently labeled, unpacked reference samples for malware families and versions Meta data tracker for info such as references (analysis reports, blogs, …), YARA rules, actors, tied to these families Status (2017-12-01): 2491 samples for 669 families, multi-platform (WIN, ELF, APK, OSX, …) Our Contributions Definition of requirements for malware corpora and a reference corpus + platform implementing these A Comprehensive, quantitative static analysis of structural features for 446 Windows malware families 5 © Cyber Analysis and Defense Department, Fraunhofer FKIE Motivation … or -
Ransom Where?
Ransom where? Holding data hostage with ransomware May 2019 Author With the evolution of digitization and increased interconnectivity, the cyberthreat landscape has transformed from merely a security and privacy concern to a danger much more insidious by nature — ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to encrypt, Imani Barnes Analyst 646.572.3930 destroy or shut down networks in exchange [email protected] for a paid ransom. Through the deployment of ransomware, cybercriminals are no longer just seeking to steal credit card information and other sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Instead, they have upped their games to manipulate organizations into paying large sums of money in exchange for the safe release of their data and control of their systems. While there are some business sectors in which the presence of this cyberexposure is overt, cybercriminals are broadening their scopes of potential victims to include targets of opportunity1 across a multitude of industries. This paper will provide insight into how ransomware evolved as a cyberextortion instrument, identify notorious strains and explain how companies can protect themselves. 1 WIRED. “Meet LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms” March 25, 2019; https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/. 2 Ransom where? | May 2019 A brief history of ransomware The first signs of ransomware appeared in 1989 in the healthcare industry. An attacker used infected floppy disks to encrypt computer files, claiming that the user was in “breach of a licensing agreement,”2 and demanded $189 for a decryption key. While the attempt to extort was unsuccessful, this attack became commonly known as PC Cyborg and set the archetype in motion for future attacks. -
Minimizing the Risk of Ransomware
Minimizing the Impact of Ransomware Authors: Tushar Nandwana, OneBeacon Technology Risk Control and Joe Budzyn – OneBeacon Insurance Group Published: July 2018 1 Ransomware has featured prominently in the news over the last few years. Ransomware – Hospitals, municipalities, businesses, law enforcement agencies, individuals and A Growing Threat even entire regions of the world have been affected by it. Some have paid the ransom and recovered their computer data; others have lost their data forever. In March 2018, the city of Atlanta, Georgia was hit by SamSam ransomware which prevented city residents from paying their bills and accessing court information online. The demand was for $51,000 but it ultimately cost the city several million dollars from other costs to rectify. SamSam also infected the Colorado Department of Transportation twice in February 2018. Numerous other U.S. municipalities and healthcare organizations have been hit by this ransomware2. WannaCry wreaked havoc on the world in May 2017. With its worm‐like, self‐ propagating behaviour, it spread to thousands of systems within hours using the Eternal Blue exploit to target Windows machines. WannaCry resulted in an estimated $4B in economic losses to the affected businesses and infected 30,000 machines worldwide3. In June 2017 we also saw Petya and NotPetya which used the same exploit as WannaCry, but were more intent on destruction rather than ransom. NotPetya targeted systems specifically in the Ukraine4. FedEx ended up reporting a $300M loss, not from the ransom payout but due to the downtime and economic loss sustained by its Ukrainian subsidiary, TNT Express5. Petya caused Danish shipping giant AP Moller $300M in lost revenue6. -
Internet Security
Internet Security Thompson Davis & Co. (TD & Co.) is committed to protecting the security and confidentiality of customer information. We use a combination of state-of-the-art technology and methods to help to protect the security of your online information. • Internet Communication Security Measures - Any sensitive personal information that you send through TD & Co. is held in a secured environment, protected by tools such as firewalls and/or database field encryption. Please do not send any sensitive or personal information over email. TD & Co. will not electronically send any personal financial information to you unless you request us to do so. • Protect Yourself from Fraudulent Web Sites - Personal information shared over the Internet can be used to commit fraud. One common method is for thieves to create a web site using a name that is similar to that of a reputable business, for instance by using a common misspelling of the company's name. The intent is to lure you into clicking onto the copycat web site and giving your personal information, including your account number and password. We caution you to make sure of whom you are dealing with over the Internet and to understand what will be done with your information. Always check that you have typed the correct web site address before entering personal information onto a site. • Personal Computer Security – Regardless of the security measures TD & Co. takes to protect your online financial information, if the computer or network you are using to access this data is not secure, you run the risk of your financial information being compromised. -
Internet Security Threat Report Volume 24 | February 2019
ISTRInternet Security Threat Report Volume 24 | February 2019 THE DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. SYMANTEC CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIRD PARTY SOURCES IS BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE, BUT IS IN NO WAY GUARANTEED. SECURITY PRODUCTS, TECHNICAL SERVICES, AND ANY OTHER TECHNICAL DATA REFERENCED IN THIS DOCUMENT (“CONTROLLED ITEMS”) ARE SUBJECT TO U.S. EXPORT CONTROL AND SANCTIONS LAWS, REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS, AND MAY BE SUBJECT TO EXPORT OR IMPORT REGULATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. YOU AGREE TO COMPLY STRICTLY WITH THESE LAWS, REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS, AND ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO OBTAIN ANY LICENSES, PERMITS OR OTHER APPROVALS THAT MAY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER FOR YOU TO EXPORT, RE-EXPORT, TRANSFER IN COUNTRY OR IMPORT SUCH CONTROLLED ITEMS. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 BIG NUMBERS YEAR-IN-REVIEW FACTS AND FIGURES METHODOLOGY Formjacking Messaging Cryptojacking Malware Ransomware Mobile Living off the land Web attacks and supply chain attacks Targeted attacks Targeted attacks IoT Cloud Underground economy IoT Election interference MALICIOUS -
Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge: Review
Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge Review Protocol Nuthan Munaiah and Andrew Meneely Department of Software Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY 14623 {nm6061,axmvse}@rit.edu February 12, 2019 1 Introduction As more aspects of our daily lives depend on technology, the software that supports this technology must be secure. We, as users, almost subconsciously assume the software we use to always be available to serve our requests while preserving the confidentiality and integrity of our information. Unfortunately, incidents involving catastrophic software vulnerabilities such as Heartbleed (in OpenSSL), Stagefright (in Android), and EternalBlue (in Windows) have made abundantly clear that software, like other engineered creations, is prone to mistakes. Over the years, Software Engineering, as a discipline, has recognized the potential for engineers to make mistakes and has incorporated processes to prevent such mistakes from becoming exploitable vulnerabilities. Developers leverage a plethora of processes, techniques, and tools such as threat modeling, static and dynamic analyses, unit/integration/fuzz/penetration testing, and code reviews to engineer secure software. These practices, while effective at identifying vulnerabilities in software, are limited in their ability to describe the engineering failures that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities. Fortunately, as researchers propose empirically-validated metrics to characterize historical vulnerabilities, the factors that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities emerge. Developers must be made aware of these factors to help them proactively consider security implications of the code that they contribute. In other words, we want developers to think like an attacker (i.e. inculcate an attacker mindset) to proactively discover vulnerabilities. -
Hacking Healthcare Petya
Hacking Healthcare Welcome to the first edition of Hacking Healthcare, NH-ISAC’s new weekly newsletter designed to guide you through the week in healthcare cybersecurity and policy. Every Wednesday, Hacking Healthcare, will bring you analysis on the latest news stories, policy developments, reports, and public remarks that impact the cybersecurity practitioner across all the different healthcare industries. We have our views on what matters, but we also want to reflect your interests – so get in touch and let the Hacking Healthcare team know what you want to see. Here we go… This is the public version of the Hacking Healthcare newsletter. For additional in-depth analysis and opinion, become a member of the NH-ISAC. Petya (aka GoldenEye, NotPetya) For the second time in as many months, a ransomware attack is snaking its way around the globe. It appears that the attack started in Ukraine and has much of its impact in Europe. But there are reports that U.S. entities have also been infected, including at least 1 U.S. hospital. Some researchers have reported that the malware resembles Petya or GoldenEye, or maybe an off-spring of one of these variants. We’ll call it Petya for now since that is the standard that NH-ISAC has adopted. Regardless of its lineage, the malware used in the current attack does seem to be relying on the ETERNALBLUE exploit to gain initial network access. Installing all of the latest Microsoft updates for the related vulnerabilitiesseems like a good first step in response. The NH-ISAC is working hard to gather and share further information on this attack and will keep its members informed through their incident- specific blog and AMBER list-serve. -
Cyber Risks to Public Safety: Ransomware, September 2020
CYBER RISK TO PUBLIC SAFETY: RANSOMWARE RANSOMWARE IMPACTS ON PUBLIC SAFETY If you are experiencing a ransomware attack, please go directly to page 3 for incident reporting resources Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts information stored on hard drives or network drives and disrupts access to compromised devices or networks. Ransomware applications threaten to erase, lock, or otherwise damage compromised drives and data unless payment is provided. Ransomware programs often elicit a sense of urgency (e.g., a short deadline for payment) to encourage affected organizations to pay. Ransomware applications may threaten to escalate demands (e.g., increase payment) if payment is not provided quickly. Even when payments are provided, malicious actors may steal sensitive information, default on agreements to restore access, or conduct follow-up cyberattacks. While ransomware typically aims to extort money from organizations, malicious actors may also target public safety agencies or critical infrastructure with the goal of disrupting emergency response capabilities.1, 2 Figure 1. Recent Ransomware Attack Statistics Ransomware can have a significant impact on public safety operations, including services provided by fire, emergency medical services, law enforcement, emergency communication centers/public safety answering points, and other public safety partners. Disruptions to public safety operations directly and negatively impact the health and safety of the communities they serve. For example, delays dispatching fire and emergency medical services may lead to increased loss of life and property damage. Malicious actors may target public safety agencies specifically to exploit these negative outcomes, creating a strong sense of urgency to accommodate perpetrator demands. Public safety agencies are highly encouraged to plan and prepare for a ransomware event to mitigate service disruptions, conduct effective response operations, and ensure rapid recovery. -
Internet Security
Internet Security Personal It’s second nature for us to access the internet throughout the day. Our smartphones, laptops and desktops have essentially become an extension of ourselves. Just like a seatbelt in a car or a helmet on a bike, we all need some type of internet security to protect ourselves from potential hazards. Here are a few internet security tips to ensure you’re safety online. Shop Safely: Check for the padlock: It’s important when shopping online to make sure the site you’re on uses an SSL (secure sockets layer) certificate encryption. You can easily identify a site that uses this certificate by finding an image of a padlock in one of two places: either the status bar or the bottom of your web browser. This encryption ensures your credit card information, email or other personal information is protected from hackers. Phishing Protection: Periodically, you may receive fraudulent email messages appearing to come from a valid source. These emails are generally referred to as SPAM or 'Phishing' messages. To protect yourself and your family from phishing scams: • Be suspicious of any unsolicited emails asking for personal information. You should always be very suspicious when asked for personal information, especially when asked by companies or organizations that should already have such information. If you need to update your information call 1.800.746.4726 to speak to a Customer Service Representative. • Always report fraudulent or suspicious email. Reporting such instances will help get these "bad guys" tracked down. You can report any suspicious emails like these via the Spam button within webmail. -
Security – a Midlife Crisis 02/12/19 What Constitutes a Security Midlife Crisis? History of Technology and Threats
Security – A midlife crisis 02/12/19 What constitutes a security midlife crisis? History of technology and threats 2005 – 2006 Identify theft (phishing) 2003 – 2004 Advanced worm/Trojan (“I love you”) 2007 – 2008 2000 1995 Organized crime Malicious (data theft) 1980s Breaking code Viruses websites (Melissa) 2009 – today Sophisticated targeted attacks Petya/ Non-Petya Meltdown/ Slammer Stuxnet Spectre Advanced For-profit Viruses and worms persistent Targeted attacks malware threats Mainframe Client / server Client / cloud You know the challenge – breaches are increasing World’s largest data breaches and hacks 2009 – 2014 2015 – 2019 2014 Latest 2019 2013 2018 2012 2017 2011 2016 2010 2015 2009 Source: http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/ Sept 26 – Food delivery service gets hacked • Affected users: 4.9 million • Industry or type: restaurant • Cause of breach: hack DoorDash learned in September that an unauthorized third party was able to access its user data on May 4, 2019. Many of the food delivery app’s users were affected, totaling almost 5 million. The hack affected only those people who joined before April 5, 2018. The hacker was able to access the following information: • Profile information • Names • Email addresses • Delivery addresses • Order history • Phone numbers • Passwords (hashed and salted) • Last four digits of payment cards (for consumers) • Last four digits of bank accounts (for Dashers and merchants) • Driver’s license numbers (for roughly 100,000 Dashers) July 30 – Largest banking data breach • Affected users: 100 million • Industry or type: banking and finance • Cause of breach: hack Capital One, the major US banking institution, suffered possibly the largest banking data breach in history. -
A PRACTICAL METHOD of IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX
In Collaboration With A PRACTICAL METHOD OF IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX TOPICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 OVERVIEW 5 THE RESPONSES TO A GROWING THREAT 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 10 THE SCOURGE OF CYBERCRIME 11 THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERWARFARE 12 CYBERACTIVISM: ACTIVE AS EVER 13 THE ATTRIBUTION PROBLEM 14 TRACKING THE ORIGINS OF CYBERATTACKS 17 CONCLUSION 20 APPENDIX: TIMELINE OF CYBERSECURITY 21 INCIDENTS 2 A Practical Method of Identifying Cyberattacks EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW SUMMARY The frequency and scope of cyberattacks Cyberattacks carried out by a range of entities are continue to grow, and yet despite the seriousness a growing threat to the security of governments of the problem, it remains extremely difficult to and their citizens. There are three main sources differentiate between the various sources of an of attacks; activists, criminals and governments, attack. This paper aims to shed light on the main and - based on the evidence - it is sometimes types of cyberattacks and provides examples hard to differentiate them. Indeed, they may of each. In particular, a high level framework sometimes work together when their interests for investigation is presented, aimed at helping are aligned. The increasing frequency and severity analysts in gaining a better understanding of the of the attacks makes it more important than ever origins of threats, the motive of the attacker, the to understand the source. Knowing who planned technical origin of the attack, the information an attack might make it easier to capture the contained in the coding of the malware and culprits or frame an appropriate response. the attacker’s modus operandi.