DOCSLIB.ORG

Factor Authentication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factor Authentication THIS COMPUTER HAS BEEN…. WHAT DO I DO NOW? Paul Seldes, FPEM, CEM, FMI ntb group, LLC Director of Operations I DON’T HAVE TO BE HERE RANSOMWARE DEFINED Ransomware is a type of malicious software used by cybercriminals that is designed to extort money from their victims, either by • Encrypting data on the disk or OR • By blocking access to the system CAN IT HAPPEN TO ME? 56% increase in ransomware attacks 2018-2019 (DHS- CISA) $84,000 typical cost of recovery $6 TRILLION cybercrime global costs by 2021 HOW IT WORKS RANSOMWARE IS A GROWTH INDUSTRY Cost of ransomware to the US in 2019 was $7.5 billion Ransomware attacks are also known as BGH 2020: $10 billion ? 2021: $15 billion? 2022: $20 billion? CRYPTOLOCKER – FIRST GLOBAL RANSOMWARE CAMPAIGN 500,000 victims Between $3 and $27 million in payments June 2014 CRYPTOLOCKER – FIRST GLOBAL RANSOMWARE CAMPAIGN There is a $3 million reward for information leading to his arrest (FBI) June 2014 AND SO IT GOES Over 100 variants between 2014 and 2019. WANNACRY – MAY 2017 WORLDWIDE ATTACK In order to spread like a worm, utilized an exploit called ETERNALBLUE, one of the leaked NSA hacking tools released by the Shadow Brokers hacking group in April 2017 The patch for the vulnerability was available for 59 days prior to the attack Hit critical infrastructure in some countries such as Germany and Russia. In the U.K., the health care sector received a hard hit: hospitals had to turn away patients, reroute ambulances, paralyze emergency services, and reschedule surgeries and appointments WANNACRY – MAY 2017 WORLDWIDE ATTACK In order to spread like a worm, utilized an exploit called ETERNALBLUE, one of the leaked NSA hacking tools released by the Shadow Brokers hacking group in April 2017 The patch for the vulnerability was available for 59 days prior to the attack Hit critical infrastructure in some countries such as Germany and Russia. In the U.K., the health care sector received a hard hit: hospitals had to turn away patients, reroute ambulances, paralyze emergency services, and reschedule surgeries and appointments WHO IS TARGETED? HOW-WHAT-WHY Do not open links in email messages unless it is 100% trusted Go to the website and access your account directly Use cyber-security software that offers a full solution (virus, malware, ransomware, trojans, phishing, spam) Implement a firewall security solution SIMPLE RULES Back up and Restore Automated: 3 copies, 2 formats, 1 air-gapped from network Patch Update OS and security components Password Use strong passwords (AmIk#1!zQlmx07%) Educate Train employees on phishing, awareness, best practices SIMPLE RULES Tw o -factor authentication is a security process in which the user provides two Control Access means of identification from separate categories of credentials; one is typically a physical token, such as a card, and the other 2-factor authentication is typically something memorized, such as a No Open Wireless security code. Use Security Software (Symantec, MacAfee, BitDefender, TrendMicro) Don’t click financial links in emails DON’T PAY THE RANSOM Get Pro Help IF YOU HAVE BEEN HACKED 1. Ask for help! 2. Work with experts 3. Isolate infection 4. Review the connections 5. Prioritize recovery CASE STUDY A U.S. city was the target of a large ransomware attack in March 2018 Hackers demanded over $50K in bitcoin Many city offices were closed for over 5 days due to the attack Attack Vector - SamSam Brute force attack guessed weak passwords and exploited an application weakness Targeted U.S. government and infrastructure in 2018 causing $30M in losses CASE STUDY - IMPACT 5 of 13 local government departments Police had to write incident reports by hand Forced manual processing of cases at Municipal Court Stopped online or in person municipal payments Years’ worth of data lost Cost over $2.6M in emergency efforts One third of software and applications remained affected 6 months post-attack CASE STUDY - RESOLUTION The attack was identified due to outages with numerous applications and services. The city quickly shut down most of the city network The city quickly reached out for help and created a special management and technology team to work with a cybersecurity vendor. TAKEAWAYS Next week you should: Backup all your devices (just in case you have not done this yet) In the first three months following this presentation you should: Configure 3-2-1 backup Choose and install comprehensive anti-malware solution Within six months you should: Implement all ransomware prevention practices at home and at workplace Q&A You can ask questions now Or Wait until YOU have been hacked! Paul Seldes https://www.cisa.gov/ 772-538-2154 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency [email protected].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ransom Where?
    Ransom where? Holding data hostage with ransomware May 2019 Author With the evolution of digitization and increased interconnectivity, the cyberthreat landscape has transformed from merely a security and privacy concern to a danger much more insidious by nature — ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to encrypt, Imani Barnes Analyst 646.572.3930 destroy or shut down networks in exchange [email protected] for a paid ransom. Through the deployment of ransomware, cybercriminals are no longer just seeking to steal credit card information and other sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Instead, they have upped their games to manipulate organizations into paying large sums of money in exchange for the safe release of their data and control of their systems. While there are some business sectors in which the presence of this cyberexposure is overt, cybercriminals are broadening their scopes of potential victims to include targets of opportunity1 across a multitude of industries. This paper will provide insight into how ransomware evolved as a cyberextortion instrument, identify notorious strains and explain how companies can protect themselves. 1 WIRED. “Meet LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms” March 25, 2019; https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/. 2 Ransom where? | May 2019 A brief history of ransomware The first signs of ransomware appeared in 1989 in the healthcare industry. An attacker used infected floppy disks to encrypt computer files, claiming that the user was in “breach of a licensing agreement,”2 and demanded $189 for a decryption key. While the attempt to extort was unsuccessful, this attack became commonly known as PC Cyborg and set the archetype in motion for future attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Crypto Ransomware Analysis and Detection Using
    CRYPTO RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION USING PROCESS MONITOR by ASHWINI BALKRUSHNA KARDILE Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2017 Copyright © by Ashwini Balkrushna Kardile 2017 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Ming for his timely guidance and motivation. His insights for this research were valuable. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. David Levine and Dr. David Kung for taking out time from their schedule and attending my dissertation. I am grateful to John Podolanko; it would not have been possible without his help and support. Thank you, John, for helping me and foster my confidence. I would like to thank my colleagues for supporting me directly or indirectly. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents, my family and my friends for encouraging me and supporting me throughout my research. November 16, 2017 iii Abstract CRYPTO RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION USING PROCESS MONITOR Ashwini Balkrushna Kardile, MS The University of Texas at Arlington, 2017 Supervising Professor: Jiang Ming Ransomware is a faster growing threat that encrypts user’s files and locks the computer and holds the key required to decrypt the files for ransom. Over the past few years, the impact of ransomware has increased exponentially. There have been several reported high profile ransomware attacks, such as CryptoLocker, CryptoWall, WannaCry, Petya and Bad Rabbit which have collectively cost individuals and companies well over a billion dollars according to FBI.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korean Cyber Capabilities: in Brief
    North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Liana W. Rosen Specialist in International Crime and Narcotics John W. Rollins Specialist in Terrorism and National Security Catherine A. Theohary Specialist in National Security Policy, Cyber and Information Operations August 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44912 North Korean Cyber Capabilities: In Brief Overview As North Korea has accelerated its missile and nuclear programs in spite of international sanctions, Congress and the Trump Administration have elevated North Korea to a top U.S. foreign policy priority. Legislation such as the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-122) and international sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council have focused on North Korea’s WMD and ballistic missile programs and human rights abuses. According to some experts, another threat is emerging from North Korea: an ambitious and well-resourced cyber program. North Korea’s cyberattacks have the potential not only to disrupt international commerce, but to direct resources to its clandestine weapons and delivery system programs, potentially enhancing its ability to evade international sanctions. As Congress addresses the multitude of threats emanating from North Korea, it may need to consider responses to the cyber aspect of North Korea’s repertoire. This would likely involve multiple committees, some of which operate in a classified setting. This report will provide a brief summary of what unclassified open-source reporting has revealed about the secretive program, introduce four case studies in which North Korean operators are suspected of having perpetrated malicious operations, and provide an overview of the international finance messaging service that these hackers may be exploiting.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge: Review
    Systematization of Vulnerability Discovery Knowledge Review Protocol Nuthan Munaiah and Andrew Meneely Department of Software Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY 14623 {nm6061,axmvse}@rit.edu February 12, 2019 1 Introduction As more aspects of our daily lives depend on technology, the software that supports this technology must be secure. We, as users, almost subconsciously assume the software we use to always be available to serve our requests while preserving the confidentiality and integrity of our information. Unfortunately, incidents involving catastrophic software vulnerabilities such as Heartbleed (in OpenSSL), Stagefright (in Android), and EternalBlue (in Windows) have made abundantly clear that software, like other engineered creations, is prone to mistakes. Over the years, Software Engineering, as a discipline, has recognized the potential for engineers to make mistakes and has incorporated processes to prevent such mistakes from becoming exploitable vulnerabilities. Developers leverage a plethora of processes, techniques, and tools such as threat modeling, static and dynamic analyses, unit/integration/fuzz/penetration testing, and code reviews to engineer secure software. These practices, while effective at identifying vulnerabilities in software, are limited in their ability to describe the engineering failures that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities. Fortunately, as researchers propose empirically-validated metrics to characterize historical vulnerabilities, the factors that may have led to the introduction of vulnerabilities emerge. Developers must be made aware of these factors to help them proactively consider security implications of the code that they contribute. In other words, we want developers to think like an attacker (i.e. inculcate an attacker mindset) to proactively discover vulnerabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Teslacrypt Family and How to Protect Against Future
    Sophia Wang COMP 116 Final Project Analysis of the TeslaCrypt Family and How to Protect Against Future Ransomware/Cyber Attacks Abstract Ransomware accounts for a large majority of the malicious attacks in the cyber security world, with a company hit with a ransomware attack once every 40 seconds. There was a 300% increase in ransomware attacks from 2015 to 2016 — and it’s only going up from there. One family of Trojan-style ransomware technology that introduced itself in early 2015 is TeslaCrypt. TeslaCrypt affected Windows users from the US, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom, targeting mostly gamers. This form of ransomware would encrypt the victim’s files using a highly complicated encryption key and demand $250 to $1,000 for ransom. The creators of TeslaCrypt eventually released the master decryption key in May of 2016, so in the end the victims were able to recover their files and systems. This paper will explore the process by which the TeslaCrypt ransomware infected a system, the steps that were taken to ameliorate this issue, and what steps should be taken to avoid an incident like this in the future. Introduction Ransomware is a special form of malware that can infect a system through either encrypting and denying users access to their files, or restricting access and locking users out of their systems. Once the ransomware has the target’s files and/or system on lock, it demands a ransom be paid, usually through some form of cryptocurrency. In February of 2015, a new family of file-encrypting Trojan-style ransomware technology was introduced — TeslaCrypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Newmind-Ransomware-Ebook.Pdf
    Contents What Is Ransomware? ............................................................................................................................. 3 Who Is It Affecting? ................................................................................................................................. 4 Common Forms Of Ransomware .......................................................................................................... 5 Protect Yourself With These Tips: ........................................................................................................ 9 How To Handle An Infection: ................................................................................................................ 11 Your Next Step ........................................................................................................................................ 12 There’s a malware threat online, maybe lurking in your inbox or spam folder, called Ransomware. It’s been around for a while, but recent months have seen it gaining traction, under different names you may have heard, such as Cryptolocker, Cryptowall, and TeslaCrypt. What is Ransomware? One of the ways that Ransomware makes its way to end users is through a well-crafted email with an attachment. The attachment is malicious and when you click to download it, the ransomware encrypts (locks) certain types of files (.docx, .pdf, .jpg, etc) stored on local and mounted network drives, such as a server shared drive at the office. It then displays a message which offers to decrypt
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices to Protect Against Ransomware, Phishing & Email Fraud
    WHITE PAPER Best Practices for Protecting Against Phishing, Ransomware and Email Fraud An Osterman Research White Paper Published April 2018 SPON Osterman Research, Inc. P.O. Box 1058 • Black Diamond • Washington • 98010-1058 • USA +1 206 683 5683 • [email protected] www.ostermanresearch.com • @mosterman Executive Summary • Various types of security threats are increasing in number and severity at a rapid pace, most notably cryptojacking malware that is focused on mining coins for the roughly 1,400 cryptocurrencies currently in use. • Organizations have been victimized by a wide range of threats and exploits, most notably phishing attacks that have penetrated corporate defenses, targeted email attacks launched from compromised accounts, and sensitive or confidential information accidentally leaked through email. • Threats are becoming more sophisticated as well-financed cybercriminal gangs develop improved variants of malware and social engineering attacks. The result is that the perceived effectiveness of current security solutions is not improving – or is actually getting worse – for many organizations. • Decision makers are most concerned about endpoints getting infected with malware through email or web browsing, user credentials being stolen through email-based phishing, and senior executives’ credentials being stolen through email-based spearphishing. • Four of the five leading concerns expressed by decision makers focus on email as the primary threat vector for cybercriminal activity, and nearly one-half of attacks are focused on account takeovers. Many organizations • Most decision makers have little confidence that their security infrastructure can adequately address infections on mobile devices, are not CEO Fraud/BEC, and preventing users personal devices from introducing malware into the corporate network.
    [Show full text]
  • Society's Genome.Indb
    Society’s Genome Genetic Diversity’s Role in Digital Preservation By Nathan Thompson with Bob Cone and John Kranz Copyright © 2016 by Spectra Logic Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including storage and retrieval systems—except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews—without permission in writing from Spectra Logic Corporation. All product names, logos, and brands mentioned in this book are the property of their respective owners. Neither the authors nor publisher claim any right of ownership to such names, logos, and brands. Cover design by Kristen Coats Back cover image: Detail of “Ptolemy World Map,” from Ptolemy’s the Geography, redrawn by Francesco di Antonio del Chierco (15th century). Housed in the British Library, London. Image retrieved from https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PtolemyWorldMap.jpg. Published by Spectra Logic Corporation 6285 Lookout Road Boulder, Colorado 80301-3580 Tel.: 1.800.833.1132 Fax: 1.303.939.8844 www.spectralogic.com ISBN: 978-0-9975644-0-2 Second Printing Printed and bound in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. “We are survival machines—robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes. This is a truth that still fills me with astonishment.” —Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene Chapter 6 Wolves at the Door Just a few years after the 9/11 attacks, the digital world began showing signs of sudden, profound change.
    [Show full text]
  • Gothic Panda Possibly Used Doublepulsar a Year Before The
    Memo 17/05/2019 - TLP:WHITE Gothic Panda possibly used DoublePulsar a year before the Shadow Brokers leak Reference: Memo [190517-1] Date: 17/05/2019 - Version: 1.0 Keywords: APT, DoublePulsar, China, US, Equation Group Sources: Publicly available sources Key Points Gothic Panda may have used an Equation Group tool at least one year before the Shadow Brokers leak. It is unknown how the threat group obtained the tool. This is a good example of a threat actor re-using cyber weapons that were originally fielded by another group. Summary According research conducted by Symantec, the Chinese threat actor known as Gothic Panda (APT3, UPS, SSL Beast, Clandestine Fox, Pirpi, TG-0110, Buckeye, G0022, APT3) had access to at least one NSA-associated Equation Group tool a year before they were leaked by the Shadow Brokers threat actor. On April 14, 2017, a threat actor called the Shadow Brokers released a bundle of cyber-attack tools purportedly coming from the US NSA, also referred to as the Equation Group. Among the released material there was the DoublePulsar backdoor implant tool, which was used alongside EternalBlue in the May 2017 destructive WannaCry attack. DoublePulsar is a memory-based kernel malware that allows perpetrators to run arbitrary shellcode payloads on the target system. It does not write anything on the hard drive and will thus disappear once the victim machine is rebooted. Its only purpose is to enable dropping other malware or executables in the system. According to Symantec, Gothic Panda used the DoublePulsar exploit as early as in 2016, a full year before the Shadow Brokers release.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporting, and General Mentions Seem to Be in Decline
    CYBER THREAT ANALYSIS Return to Normalcy: False Flags and the Decline of International Hacktivism By Insikt Group® CTA-2019-0821 CYBER THREAT ANALYSIS Groups with the trappings of hacktivism have recently dumped Russian and Iranian state security organization records online, although neither have proclaimed themselves to be hacktivists. In addition, hacktivism has taken a back seat in news reporting, and general mentions seem to be in decline. Insikt Group utilized the Recorded FutureⓇ Platform and reports of historical hacktivism events to analyze the shifting targets and players in the hacktivism space. The target audience of this research includes security practitioners whose enterprises may be targets for hacktivism. Executive Summary Hacktivism often brings to mind a loose collective of individuals globally that band together to achieve a common goal. However, Insikt Group research demonstrates that this is a misleading assumption; the hacktivist landscape has consistently included actors reacting to regional events, and has also involved states operating under the guise of hacktivism to achieve geopolitical goals. In the last 10 years, the number of large-scale, international hacking operations most commonly associated with hacktivism has risen astronomically, only to fall off just as dramatically after 2015 and 2016. This constitutes a return to normalcy, in which hacktivist groups are usually small sets of regional actors targeting specific organizations to protest regional events, or nation-state groups operating under the guise of hacktivism. Attack vectors used by hacktivist groups have remained largely consistent from 2010 to 2019, and tooling has assisted actors to conduct larger-scale attacks. However, company defenses have also become significantly better in the last decade, which has likely contributed to the decline in successful hacktivist operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Digitaalisen Kybermaailman Ilmiöitä Ja Määrittelyjä
    DIGITAALISEN KYBERMAAILMAN ILMIÖITÄ JA MÄÄRITTELYJÄ PROF. MARTTI LEHTO V 15.0 6.4.2021 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO INFORMAATIOTEKNOLOGIAN TIEDEKUNTA 2021 ALKUSANAT Euroopan komissio analysoi pohdinta-asiakirjassaan kesällä 2017 tulevaisuuden uhka- maailmaa. Sen mukaan teknologian kehitys muuttaa merkittävästi niin turvallisuuden kuin puolustuksen luonnetta. Big data, pilviteknologia, miehittämättömät ajoneuvot ja tekoäly muokkaavat yhteiskunnan eri rakenteita aina turvallisuuteen ja puolustukseen saakka. Tämän verrattain helposti saatavilla olevan teknologian käyttö mahdollistaa epätavanomaisten, valtioiden rajat ylittävien ja epäsymmetristen uhkien nopean kas- vun. Näitä ovat muun muassa hybridi- ja kyberuhat, terrorismi sekä kemialliset, biologi- set ja radiologiset iskut. Internetin käyttäjien määrän nopean kasvun myötä kyberrikol- lisuus ja terroristien internetin käyttö ovat 2000-luvulla muokanneet merkittävästi digi- taalista toimintaympäristöä.1 Digitaaliteknologia muuttaa ihmisten elämää. EU:n digitaalistrategian tavoitteena on valjastaa digitalisaatio palvelemaan ihmisiä ja yrityksiä sekä tukemaan tavoitetta tehdä Euroopasta ilmastoneutraali vuoteen 2050 mennessä. Komissio on päättänyt tehdä ku- luvasta vuosikymmenestä Euroopan "digitaalisen vuosikymmenen". Euroopan on nyt lu- jitettava digitaalista suvereniteettiaan ja asetettava standardeja sen sijaan, että se kul- kisi muiden jäljissä. Painopisteinä ovat data, teknologia ja infrastruktuuri.2 Euroopan komissio ja unionin ulkoasioiden ja turvallisuuspolitiikan korkea edustaja esit-
    [Show full text]
  • October 28, 2013 CRYPTOLOCKER RANSOMWARE ENCRYPTS USER’S FILES
    October 28, 2013 CRYPTOLOCKER RANSOMWARE ENCRYPTS USER’S FILES The FBI is aware of a file-encrypting Ransomware known as CryptoLocker. Businesses are receiving emails with alleged customer complaints containing attachments that when opened, appear as a window that is in fact a malware downloader. This downloader installs the actual CryptoLocker malware. The verbiage in the window states that important files have been encrypted using a unique public key generated for the computer. To decrypt the files you must obtain the private key. A copy of the private key is located on a remote server that will destroy the key after the specified time shown in the window. The attackers demand payment of a ransom ranging from $100 to $300 to decrypt the files. *Unfortunately, once the encryption of the files is complete, decryption is not feasible. To obtain the file specific Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key to decrypt a file, you need the private RSA key (an algorithm for public key cryptography) corresponding to the RSA public key generated for the victim’s system by the command and control server. However, this key never leaves the command and control server, putting it out of reach of everyone except the attacker. The recommended solution is to scrub your hard drive and restore encrypted files from a backup. As with any virus or malware, the way to avoid it is with safe browsing and email habits. Specifically, in this case, be wary of email from senders you don’t know, and never open or download an attachment unless you’re sure you know what it is and that it’s safe.
    [Show full text]