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Ransom Where?
Ransom where? Holding data hostage with ransomware May 2019 Author With the evolution of digitization and increased interconnectivity, the cyberthreat landscape has transformed from merely a security and privacy concern to a danger much more insidious by nature — ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to encrypt, Imani Barnes Analyst 646.572.3930 destroy or shut down networks in exchange [email protected] for a paid ransom. Through the deployment of ransomware, cybercriminals are no longer just seeking to steal credit card information and other sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Instead, they have upped their games to manipulate organizations into paying large sums of money in exchange for the safe release of their data and control of their systems. While there are some business sectors in which the presence of this cyberexposure is overt, cybercriminals are broadening their scopes of potential victims to include targets of opportunity1 across a multitude of industries. This paper will provide insight into how ransomware evolved as a cyberextortion instrument, identify notorious strains and explain how companies can protect themselves. 1 WIRED. “Meet LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms” March 25, 2019; https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/. 2 Ransom where? | May 2019 A brief history of ransomware The first signs of ransomware appeared in 1989 in the healthcare industry. An attacker used infected floppy disks to encrypt computer files, claiming that the user was in “breach of a licensing agreement,”2 and demanded $189 for a decryption key. While the attempt to extort was unsuccessful, this attack became commonly known as PC Cyborg and set the archetype in motion for future attacks. -
Crypto Ransomware Analysis and Detection Using
CRYPTO RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION USING PROCESS MONITOR by ASHWINI BALKRUSHNA KARDILE Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2017 Copyright © by Ashwini Balkrushna Kardile 2017 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Ming for his timely guidance and motivation. His insights for this research were valuable. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. David Levine and Dr. David Kung for taking out time from their schedule and attending my dissertation. I am grateful to John Podolanko; it would not have been possible without his help and support. Thank you, John, for helping me and foster my confidence. I would like to thank my colleagues for supporting me directly or indirectly. Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents, my family and my friends for encouraging me and supporting me throughout my research. November 16, 2017 iii Abstract CRYPTO RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS AND DETECTION USING PROCESS MONITOR Ashwini Balkrushna Kardile, MS The University of Texas at Arlington, 2017 Supervising Professor: Jiang Ming Ransomware is a faster growing threat that encrypts user’s files and locks the computer and holds the key required to decrypt the files for ransom. Over the past few years, the impact of ransomware has increased exponentially. There have been several reported high profile ransomware attacks, such as CryptoLocker, CryptoWall, WannaCry, Petya and Bad Rabbit which have collectively cost individuals and companies well over a billion dollars according to FBI. -
The Iranian Cyber Threat
The Iranian Cyber Threat May 2021 0 Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Cyber Retaliation ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Iran’s National Security Strategy .............................................................................................................. 4 Laying the Groundwork ........................................................................................................................... 5 Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Defense ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Offense .................................................................................................................................................... 6 History of Iranian Cyber Attacks and Incidents ........................................................................................... 7 The Attacks .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Iranian Cyber Army ................................................................................................................................. -
Analysis of the Teslacrypt Family and How to Protect Against Future
Sophia Wang COMP 116 Final Project Analysis of the TeslaCrypt Family and How to Protect Against Future Ransomware/Cyber Attacks Abstract Ransomware accounts for a large majority of the malicious attacks in the cyber security world, with a company hit with a ransomware attack once every 40 seconds. There was a 300% increase in ransomware attacks from 2015 to 2016 — and it’s only going up from there. One family of Trojan-style ransomware technology that introduced itself in early 2015 is TeslaCrypt. TeslaCrypt affected Windows users from the US, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom, targeting mostly gamers. This form of ransomware would encrypt the victim’s files using a highly complicated encryption key and demand $250 to $1,000 for ransom. The creators of TeslaCrypt eventually released the master decryption key in May of 2016, so in the end the victims were able to recover their files and systems. This paper will explore the process by which the TeslaCrypt ransomware infected a system, the steps that were taken to ameliorate this issue, and what steps should be taken to avoid an incident like this in the future. Introduction Ransomware is a special form of malware that can infect a system through either encrypting and denying users access to their files, or restricting access and locking users out of their systems. Once the ransomware has the target’s files and/or system on lock, it demands a ransom be paid, usually through some form of cryptocurrency. In February of 2015, a new family of file-encrypting Trojan-style ransomware technology was introduced — TeslaCrypt. -
Newmind-Ransomware-Ebook.Pdf
Contents What Is Ransomware? ............................................................................................................................. 3 Who Is It Affecting? ................................................................................................................................. 4 Common Forms Of Ransomware .......................................................................................................... 5 Protect Yourself With These Tips: ........................................................................................................ 9 How To Handle An Infection: ................................................................................................................ 11 Your Next Step ........................................................................................................................................ 12 There’s a malware threat online, maybe lurking in your inbox or spam folder, called Ransomware. It’s been around for a while, but recent months have seen it gaining traction, under different names you may have heard, such as Cryptolocker, Cryptowall, and TeslaCrypt. What is Ransomware? One of the ways that Ransomware makes its way to end users is through a well-crafted email with an attachment. The attachment is malicious and when you click to download it, the ransomware encrypts (locks) certain types of files (.docx, .pdf, .jpg, etc) stored on local and mounted network drives, such as a server shared drive at the office. It then displays a message which offers to decrypt -
The Cyberpeace Institute Foreword 2 Acknowledgements 5
March 2021 The CyberPeace Institute Foreword 2 Acknowledgements 5 Part 1: Setting the Scene 7 Disclaimer Introduction 9 The opinions, findings, and conclusions and recommendations in Signposting – How to read the Report 11 this Report reflect the views and opinions of the CyberPeace Institute Key Findings 15 alone, based on independent and discrete analysis, and do not indicate Recommendations 19 endorsement by any other national, regional or international entity. Part 2: Understanding the Threat Landscape 27 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not express any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Chapter 1 Background 29 CyberPeace Institute concerning the legal status of any country, territory, 1.1 A convergence of threats to healthcare 29 city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its 1.2 Healthcare as a target of choice 30 frontiers or boundaries. 1.3 Cybersecurity in the healthcare sector 32 Copyright Notice Chapter 2 Victims, Targets and Impact 35 2.1 A diversity of victims – the people 36 The concepts and information contained in this document are the 2.2 A typology of targets – healthcare organizations 38 property of the CyberPeace Institute, an independent non-profit 2.3 A variety of impacts on victims and targets 41 foundation headquartered in Geneva, unless otherwise indicated within the document. This document may be reproduced, in whole or in part, Chapter 3 Attacks 51 provided that the CyberPeace Institute is referenced as author and 3.1 Disruptive attacks – ransomware’s evolving threat to healthcare 52 copyright holder. 3.2 Data breaches – from theft to cyberespionage 57 3.3 Disinformation operations – an erosion of trust 59 © 2021 CyberPeace Institute. -
Potential Human Cost of Cyber Operations
ICRC EXPERT MEETING 14–16 NOVEMBER 2018 – GENEVA THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS REPORT ICRC EXPERT MEETING 14–16 NOVEMBER 2018 – GENEVA THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS Report prepared and edited by Laurent Gisel, senior legal adviser, and Lukasz Olejnik, scientific adviser on cyber, ICRC THE POTENTIAL HUMAN COST OF CYBER OPERATIONS Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 10 Session 1: Cyber operations in practice .………………………………………………………………………….….11 A. Understanding cyber operations with the cyber kill chain model ...................................................... 11 B. Operational purpose ................................................................................................................. 11 C. Trusted systems and software supply chain attacks ...................................................................... 13 D. Cyber capabilities and exploits .................................................................................................. -
A PRACTICAL METHOD of IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX
In Collaboration With A PRACTICAL METHOD OF IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX TOPICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 OVERVIEW 5 THE RESPONSES TO A GROWING THREAT 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 10 THE SCOURGE OF CYBERCRIME 11 THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERWARFARE 12 CYBERACTIVISM: ACTIVE AS EVER 13 THE ATTRIBUTION PROBLEM 14 TRACKING THE ORIGINS OF CYBERATTACKS 17 CONCLUSION 20 APPENDIX: TIMELINE OF CYBERSECURITY 21 INCIDENTS 2 A Practical Method of Identifying Cyberattacks EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW SUMMARY The frequency and scope of cyberattacks Cyberattacks carried out by a range of entities are continue to grow, and yet despite the seriousness a growing threat to the security of governments of the problem, it remains extremely difficult to and their citizens. There are three main sources differentiate between the various sources of an of attacks; activists, criminals and governments, attack. This paper aims to shed light on the main and - based on the evidence - it is sometimes types of cyberattacks and provides examples hard to differentiate them. Indeed, they may of each. In particular, a high level framework sometimes work together when their interests for investigation is presented, aimed at helping are aligned. The increasing frequency and severity analysts in gaining a better understanding of the of the attacks makes it more important than ever origins of threats, the motive of the attacker, the to understand the source. Knowing who planned technical origin of the attack, the information an attack might make it easier to capture the contained in the coding of the malware and culprits or frame an appropriate response. the attacker’s modus operandi. -
Best Practices to Protect Against Ransomware, Phishing & Email Fraud
WHITE PAPER Best Practices for Protecting Against Phishing, Ransomware and Email Fraud An Osterman Research White Paper Published April 2018 SPON Osterman Research, Inc. P.O. Box 1058 • Black Diamond • Washington • 98010-1058 • USA +1 206 683 5683 • [email protected] www.ostermanresearch.com • @mosterman Executive Summary • Various types of security threats are increasing in number and severity at a rapid pace, most notably cryptojacking malware that is focused on mining coins for the roughly 1,400 cryptocurrencies currently in use. • Organizations have been victimized by a wide range of threats and exploits, most notably phishing attacks that have penetrated corporate defenses, targeted email attacks launched from compromised accounts, and sensitive or confidential information accidentally leaked through email. • Threats are becoming more sophisticated as well-financed cybercriminal gangs develop improved variants of malware and social engineering attacks. The result is that the perceived effectiveness of current security solutions is not improving – or is actually getting worse – for many organizations. • Decision makers are most concerned about endpoints getting infected with malware through email or web browsing, user credentials being stolen through email-based phishing, and senior executives’ credentials being stolen through email-based spearphishing. • Four of the five leading concerns expressed by decision makers focus on email as the primary threat vector for cybercriminal activity, and nearly one-half of attacks are focused on account takeovers. Many organizations • Most decision makers have little confidence that their security infrastructure can adequately address infections on mobile devices, are not CEO Fraud/BEC, and preventing users personal devices from introducing malware into the corporate network. -
The Iranian Cyber Threat
The Iranian Cyber Threat May 2020 0 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Structure ................................................................................................................................................. 4 History of Iranian Cyber Attacks and Incidents ......................................................................................... 6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction In the early morning hours of January 3, 2020, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force commander Qassem Soleimani was killed in a U.S. drone strike that targeted his convoy immediately after landing at Baghdad’s international airport. Iranian leaders vowed “harsh retaliation” for the attack, and followed up on this threat by firing a salvo of over a dozen ballistic missiles at two Iraqi air bases housing U.S. troops in the early morning hours of January 8, wounding over 100 soldiers. While Iran has not yet taken additional major acts of revenge, it has signaled that it is likely to strike U.S. interests again at a future time of its choosing. Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, intoned that while the ballistic missile attack represented a “slap on the face” for the U.S., “military action like this (ballistic missile) attack is not sufficient,” vowing to refuse to enter negotiations and to continue to confront the U.S. until its influence is expelled from the region. In the intervening period, Iran’s leaders have maintained a steady drumbeat of threatening rhetoric aimed at the U.S., with Soleimani’s successor, Esmail Qaani, for instance vowing to “hit his enemy in a manly fashion.” With U.S.-Iran tensions heightened, the U.S. national security apparatus has cautioned that one avenue for retaliation Iran is likely to pursue is launching offensive cyber attacks targeting the U.S. -
Hacks, Leaks and Disruptions | Russian Cyber Strategies
CHAILLOT PAPER Nº 148 — October 2018 Hacks, leaks and disruptions Russian cyber strategies EDITED BY Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Siim Alatalu, Irina Borogan, Elena Chernenko, Sven Herpig, Oscar Jonsson, Xymena Kurowska, Jarno Limnell, Patryk Pawlak, Piret Pernik, Thomas Reinhold, Anatoly Reshetnikov, Andrei Soldatov and Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer Chaillot Papers HACKS, LEAKS AND DISRUPTIONS RUSSIAN CYBER STRATEGIES Edited by Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru CHAILLOT PAPERS October 2018 148 Disclaimer The views expressed in this Chaillot Paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or of the European Union. European Union Institute for Security Studies Paris Director: Gustav Lindstrom © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2018. Reproduction is authorised, provided prior permission is sought from the Institute and the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Contents Executive summary 5 Introduction: Russia’s cyber prowess – where, how and what for? 9 Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru Russia’s cyber posture Russia’s approach to cyber: the best defence is a good offence 15 1 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan Russia’s trolling complex at home and abroad 25 2 Xymena Kurowska and Anatoly Reshetnikov Spotting the bear: credible attribution and Russian 3 operations in cyberspace 33 Sven Herpig and Thomas Reinhold Russia’s cyber diplomacy 43 4 Elena Chernenko Case studies of Russian cyberattacks The early days of cyberattacks: 5 the cases of Estonia, -
Raven Leilani the Novelist Makes a Shining Debut with Luster, a Mesmerizing Story of Race, Sex, and Power P
Featuring 417 Industry-First Reviews of Fiction, Nonfiction, Children'sand YA books KIRKUSVOL. LXXXVIII, NO. 15 | 1 AUGUST 2020 REVIEWS Raven Leilani The novelist makes a shining debut with Luster, a mesmerizing story of race, sex, and power p. 14 Also in the issue: Raquel Vasquez Gilliland, Rebecca Giggs, Adrian Tomine, and more from the editor’s desk: The Dysfunctional Family Sweepstakes Chairman BY TOM BEER HERBERT SIMON President & Publisher MARC WINKELMAN John Paraskevas # As this issue went to press, the nation was riveted by the publication of To o Chief Executive Officer Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World’s Most Dangerous Man MEG LABORDE KUEHN (Simon & Schuster, July 14), the scathing family memoir by the president’s niece. [email protected] Editor-in-Chief For the past four years, nearly every inhabitant of the planet has been affected TOM BEER by Donald Trump, from the impact of Trump administration policies—on [email protected] Vice President of Marketing climate change, immigration, policing, and more—to the continuous feed of SARAH KALINA Trump-related news that we never seem to escape. Now, thanks to Mary Trump, [email protected] Ph.D., a clinical psychologist, we understand the impact of Donald Trump up Managing/Nonfiction Editor ERIC LIEBETRAU close, on his family members. [email protected] It’s not a pretty picture. Fiction Editor LAURIE MUCHNICK The book describes the Trumps as a clan headed by a “high-functioning [email protected] Tom Beer sociopath,” patriarch Fred Trump Sr., father to Donald and the author’s own Young Readers’ Editor VICKY SMITH father, Fred Jr.