Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures Publication No. FHWA-NHI-10-029 Pre-Publication Edition NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the views of the contractor who is responsible for the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. The conduct of underwater bridge inspections and repairs may frequently require the use of divers. While this manual contains information on diving equipment, it is neither intended to train personnel in diving nor enumerate all diving safety concerns and regulations. Actual diving operations can be extremely hazardous and should be undertaken only by personnel adequately trained to cope with the conditions that may be encountered. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-NHI-10-029 4. Title and Subtitle 4. Report Date April 2010 Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures 6. Performing Organization Code: 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Terence M. Browne, P.E.; Thomas J. Collins, S.E., P.E.; Michael J. Garlich, S.E., P.E.; John E. O’Leary, S.E., P.E.; Katherine C. Heringhaus 9. Performing Organization on Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Collins Engineers, Inc. 11. Contract or Grant No. 123 North Wacker Drive, Suite 300 Chicago, Illinois 60606 DTFH61-09-T-70027 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report, January 2010 Office of Bridge Technology 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, S.E. HIBT-1 Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary Notes Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative (COTR): Louisa Ward FHWA Technical Consultant: Gary Moss 16. Abstract: Repairs to underwater bridge elements have been successfully completed for many years. However, the increased age of the nation’s bridges and related structures, as well as the increased emphasis in regular underwater inspection since the revisions to the National Bridge Inspection Standards in 1988 indicates an increased need to perform repairs to elements located below or in water. This manual is intended to serve as a reference for design engineers, construction inspectors, resident engineers, inspection divers and other administrative and technical staff whose work tasks include the repair or rehabilitation of elements of bridges or similar structures located below water. The manual addresses a variety of design and construction issues that must be considered in determining the feasibility of, and selecting the repair or rehabilitation methodology, for underwater projects. This information can aid in developing cost effective and durable repair and rehabilitation designs. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Bridge repair, underwater bridge repair, scour, No restrictions. This document is available from the bridge rehabilitation, scour countermeasures National Technical Information Services, Springfield, Virginia 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures Report No. FHWA-NHI-10-029 Prepared by Collins Engineers, Inc. 123 North Wacker Drive, Suite 300 Chicago, Illinois 60606 Prepared for Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, D.C. 20590 May 2010 Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures—NHI Course 130091A Reference Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I UNDERWATER REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES ................................................ 1-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1-1 1-1.1 Purpose ............................................................... 1-1 1-1.2 Background ........................................................... 1-1 1-1.3 Scope .................................................................. 1-1 CHAPTER II MAINTENANCE ................................................................ 2-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 2-1 2-1.1 Marine Environment Factors ....................................... 2-1 2-1.2 Deterioration Models ................................................ 2-3 2-1.3 Preventive Maintenance Activities ................................ 2-5 2-1.4 Performance Monitoring ............................................ 2-6 CHAPTER III UNDERWATER REPAIR PLANNING DATA AND REPAIR OPTION ANALYSIS ............................................................ 3-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 3-1 SECTION 2. CONDITION ASSESSMENT ..................................................... 3-1 3-2.1 General ............................................................... 3-1 3-2.2 Steel ................................................................... 3-1 3-2.3 Timber ................................................................ 3-2 3-2.4 Masonry ............................................................... 3-2 3-2.5 Scour .................................................................. 3-3 3-2.6 Concrete .............................................................. 3-3 SECTION 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................................... 3-6 3-3.1 Introduction .......................................................... 3-6 3-3.2 Piles ................................................................... 3-6 3-3.3 Undermining .......................................................... 3-7 3-3.4 Concrete .............................................................. 3-7 SECTION 4. REPAIR STRATEGY ............................................................ 3-8 CHAPTER IV MARINE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ..................................... 4-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 4-1 SECTION 2. STEEL ........................................................................... 4-1 i Underwater Bridge Repair, Rehabilitation, and Countermeasures—NHI Course 130091A Reference Manual 4-2.1 General ............................................................... 4-1 SECTION 3. CONCRETE ..................................................................... 4-3 4-3.1 Mix Design ............................................................ 4-3 4-3.2 Reinforcing ........................................................... 4-5 SECTION 4. MASONRY ....................................................................... 4-6 4-4.1 Stone .................................................................. 4-6 4-4.2 Mortar ................................................................. 4-6 SECTION 5. TIMBER ......................................................................... 4-6 4-5.1 Preservatives ......................................................... 4-7 4-5.2 Decay Reinforced Species .......................................... 4-7 4-5.3 Fabrication ........................................................... 4-7 SECTION 6. COMPOSITES ................................................................... 4-8 4-6.1 Components .......................................................... 4-8 4-6.2 Physical Properties .................................................. 4-8 4-6.3 Mechanical Properties .............................................. 4-8 4-6.4 Example Products ................................................... 4-9 CHAPTER V UNDERWATER REPAIRS ..................................................... 5-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 5-1 SECTION 2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION OPTIONS ........................................ 5-1 5-2.1 Repairs Performed “In-the-Dry” ................................... 5-1 5-2.2 Repairs Performed “In-the-Wet” .................................. 5-1 SECTION 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................ 5-2 5-3.1 Site Conditions ....................................................... 5-2 5-3.2 Water Conditions .................................................... 5-2 5-3.3 Regulatory ............................................................ 5-4 SECTION 4. METHODS TO OBTAIN DRY WORK CONDITIONS ........................... 5-5 5-4.1 Traditional Cofferdams ............................................. 5-5 5-4.2 Dikes ................................................................... 5-6 5-4.3 Proprietary Barrier Systems ........................................ 5-6 5-4.4 Limpet Cofferdams .................................................. 5-7 CHAPTER VI EQUIPMENT FOR UNDERWATER REPAIR ................................. 6-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 6-1 SECTION 2. DIVING SYSTEMS ............................................................... 6-1 6-2.1
Recommended publications
  • For the Oak Ridge Boys, It's Only Natural and It's Only at Cracker Barrel
    September 19, 2011 For the Oak Ridge Boys, It's Only Natural and It's Only at Cracker Barrel New CD Released with Five New Songs and Seven Rerecorded Hits Including "Elvira" LEBANON, Tenn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- The Oak Ridge Boys' latest CD, It's Only Natural, pays homage to their history while making some more history as it debuts exclusively at all Cracker Barrel Old Country Store® locations today. The CD features fresh cuts of their biggest hits and five new songs, including "Sacrifice …For Me" which was written by Joe Bonsall and is dedicated to America's fallen heroes. Newly inducted into the Grand Ole Opry®, these members of the Oak Ridge Boys came together in 1973. Richard Sterban, Duane Allen, William Lee Golden and Joe Bonsall began as gospel singers, became a top act in country music and then crossed over to pop with the monster hit "Elvira" in 1981. The song became their fourth No. 1 country hit, reached No. 5 on the pop charts, won the group a Grammy® award and went on to become one of only a handful of singles ever to go double platinum. In honor of "Elvira's" thirtieth anniversary, the group rerecorded the song, along with former Top Ten Billboard hits "Lucky Moon," "No Matter How High," "Gonna Take a Lot of River," "Beyond Those Years" and "True Heart" on It's Only Natural. New songs on the CD are "What'cha Gonna Do," "Wish You Could Have Been There," "Before I Die," "The Shade" and "Sacrifice…for Me." "We think it's pretty special to have The Oak Ridge Boys' thirtieth anniversary rerecording of ‘Elvira' on a CD in our exclusive music program," said Cracker Barrel Marketing Manager Julie Craig.
    [Show full text]
  • Success and Growth of Corals Transplanted to Cement Armor Mat Tiles in Southeast Florida: Implications for Reef Restoration S
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures 2000 Success and Growth of Corals Transplanted to Cement Armor Mat Tiles in Southeast Florida: Implications for Reef Restoration S. L. Thornton Hazen and Sawyer, Environmental Engineers and Scientists Richard E. Dodge Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] David S. Gilliam Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] R. DeVictor Hazen and Sawyer, Environmental Engineers and Scientists P. Cooke Hazen and Sawyer, Environmental Engineers and Scientists Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facpresentations Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons NSUWorks Citation Thornton, S. L.; Dodge, Richard E.; Gilliam, David S.; DeVictor, R.; and Cooke, P., "Success and Growth of Corals Transplanted to Cement Armor Mat Tiles in Southeast Florida: Implications for Reef Restoration" (2000). Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures. 39. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facpresentations/39 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Proceedings 9" International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, Indonesia 23-27 October 2000, Vol.2 Success and growth of corals transplanted to cement armor mat tiles in southeast Florida: implications for reef restoration ' S.L. Thornton, R.E. Dodge t , D.S. Gilliam , R. DeVictor and P. Cooke ABSTRACT In 1997, 271 scleractinian corals growing on a sewer outfall pipe were used in a transplantation study offshore from North Dade County, Florida, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Static and Seismic Retrofit of Masonry Arch Bridges Case Studies
    Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability – Biondini & Frangopol (Eds) © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-62124-3 Static and seismic retrofit of masonry arch bridges: case studies G.Tecchio, F. da Porto, P. Zampieri, C. Modena Department of Structural and Transportation Engineering, University of Padova, Italy C. Bettio S.M. Ingegneria srl, Via longhin 6, Padova, Italy ABSTRACT: Thousands of road and railway masonry arch bridges are still in operation in the Italian trans- portation network: most of them need being improved in their carrying capacity and to be upgraded to the standards of the current seismic code. In this paper three case-studies of the static and seismic retrofit of his- torical masonry arch bridges are presented, outlining some methodological approaches to the renewal inter- vention according to the different typological characteristics of the bridges and their state of maintenance. The main phases of work, combining both traditional and innovative strengthening techniques, are described. In the S.Gallo Bridge the load bearing capacity of the existing structure has been preserved and increased through a thickening of the old arch with a new layer of brick masonry and the application of CFRP laminates. Many refurbishment techniques, derived from the historical heritage restoration field, have been used for the Rio Moline Bridge, where new longitudinal internal brick spandrel walls connected to the extrados of the vaults have been built to share some of the load and enhance the seismic resistance. In the case of the Gresal Bridge the seismic vulnerability has been reduced by creating a new structural arrangement through a new rc slab anchored to the piers with vertical ties and restrained at the abutments, collaborating with the existing structure in carrying horizontal loads.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. Annular Space & Sealing
    6. Annular Space & Sealing (this page left intentionally blank) 6. Annular Space & Sealing Chapter Table of Contents Chapter Table of Contents Chapter Description ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Regulatory Requirements – Annular Space & Sealing of a New Well ..................................................................................................... 6 Relevant Sections – The Wells Regulation.............................................................................................................................................. 6 The Requirements – Plainly Stated .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Well Record – Relevant Sections............................................................................................................................................................14 Best Management Practice – Report use of Centralizers .......................................................................................................... 15 Key Concepts ..................................................................................................................................................................................................16 The Annular Space ...................................................................................................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • It's Not the Most Glamorous Job in the World, and It's Not the Highest Profile
    Tidal Thames.qxd 9/24/07 2:22 PM Page 8 n the bottom Thames Estuary. As commercial diving a falling tide, but leave them the diver, a stand-by diver and a Kevin said: “She gives us a large of the He rarely knows what goes, the PLA team doesn’t vulnerable on rising tides. So tender or dive assistant. deck area to work on and her speed’s Thames, the day will hold or, once go deep - typically around everything we do has to be timed They can dive from any vessel; very important. In an emergency we Mick he’s under the water, what eight to 20 metres. But poor precisely, according to where in the but they prefer to use their own may only have a narrow tidal window Russell is will loom out of the visibility and shifting river we’re expected to work.” specially designed boat PLA Diver. It to work in, if we miss it, we could be blind. darkness - driftwood, currents in some of the The divers get their jobs from was built in 1992 by Searle Williams waiting up to 11 hours before the The water’s disturbed wartime busiest port waters in either the PLA’s Marine Services team, on a Blyth 33 hull. At 10 metres long conditions are right again - so it’s thick with silt and, just a explosives, the occasional Britain, makes the Thames a Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) officers, and with a displacement of seven vital we get on scene quickly.” few inches from where he’s corpse.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Inspection and Repair of Bridge Substructures
    [.Tl [•1•] NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM SYNTHESIS OF HIGHWAY PRACTICE UNDERWATER INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF BRIDGE SUBSTRUCTURES Supv ) ç J j p1 JUNO 81982 3 up2Leder I.T.D. DIV OF H!GHWAYS BRIDGE SECTION FUe_OUT MAIL TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1981 Officers Chairman THOMAS D. LARSON Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Vice Chairman DARRELL V MANNING, Director, Idaho Transportation Department Secretary THOMAS B. DEEN, Executive Director, Transportation Research Board Members RAY A. BARNHART, Federal Highway Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) ROBERT W. BLANCHETTE, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (cx officio) WILLIAM J. HARRIS, JR., Vice President—Research and lest Department, Association of American Railroad.. (ex officio) J. LYNN HELMS, Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) PETER G. KOLTNOW, President, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility (cx officio. Past Chairman, 1979) ELLIOTT W. MONTROLL, Chairman, Co,n,nission on Sociotechnical Systems, National Research Council (cx officio) RAYMOND A. PECK, JR., National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) ARTHUR E. TEELE, JR., Urban Mass Transportation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) JOHN F. WING, Senior Vice President, Booz. Allen & Hamilton. Inc. (cx officio, MTRB liaison) CHARLEY V. WOOTAN. Director, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University (cx officio, Past Chairman 1980) GEORGE J. BEAN. Director of Aviation, Hilisborough County (Florida) Aviation Authority THOMAS W. BRADSHAW, JR., Secretary, North Carolina Department of Transportation RICHARD P.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortar Mix No
    Mortar Mix No. 1102 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION when they become "thumb print" hard. This will make the mortar joint water-tight and provide a Basic use: QUIKRETE® Mortar Mix (#1102) is neat appearance. a type N masonry mortar for use in laying brick, Coverage: Refer to table 1 for approximate block or stone; and repairing of masonry walls. coverage for each bag size. Use for brick or stone fireplaces, brick walls, block walls, parge coats, tuck pointing, stucco Table 1: Mortar Mix Usage Chart and plaster. Bag Size Standard Block Standard ® 8" X 8" X 16" Brick Composition and materials: QUIKRETE (200 mm X 200 mm X 8" X 2" X 4" Mortar (Masonry) Mix consists of a uniformly 410 mm) (200 mm X 50 blended mixture of fine sand, and type N mm X 100 mm) masonry cement. 80-lb. 12 37 Packaging: Available in three sizes: 80 lbs. (36.3 kg) (36.3 kg), 60 lbs. (27.2 kg), and 40 lbs. (18.1 28 kg). 60 lbs. 9 (27.2 kg) Technical Data QUIKRETE® Mortar Mix meets and exceeds the 40 lbs. 6 19 physical property requirements of ASTM (18.1 kg) designation 387 (Standard Specifications for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Mortar Tuck Pointing or Repointing and Concrete) and ASTM C 270 for Type N Mortar. Product achieves a compressive Mixing: Mix QUIKRETE Mortar Mix with just strength in excess of 750 psi (5.17 MPa) in 28 enough water to form a damp unworkable mix day. that retains its form when pressed into a ball in the hand.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Tremie Concrete Cutoff Wall, Wolf Creek Dam, Kentucky
    c / y (y ¥ f t D n a a n in_r uir D 0!ID§Ii I <__ -j M IS C E L L A N E O U S PAPER SL-80-10 CONSTRUCTION OF TREMIE CONCRETE CUTOFF WALL, WOLF CREEK DAM, KENTUCKY by Terence C. Holland, Joseph R. Turner Structures Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 September 1980 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army TA Washington, D. C. 20314 7 .W34m Under C W IS 3 I5 5 3 SL-80-10 1980 », Ar ' \ 8 ;v ;>"* % * OCT 2 7 1980 Water & : as Service Denver, Colorado Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. SURÈAU OF RECLAMATrON DENVER u *W ff \& A /P 92059356 \y£ ,\s> , *c£p £ > b <0 Unclassified V * ie05*l35Ï.V SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) O' READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER Miscellaneous Paper SL-80-10 ' 4. T I T L E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED V CONSTRUCTION OF TREMIE CONCRETE CUTOFF WALL, Final report WOLF CREEK DAM, KENTUCKY 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Link to Line Card
    DYNAMIC UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION SERVICES “No Job Too Deep; No Task Too Daunting” Services Provided Marine Construction Support • underwater survey and video • pipeline jetting and profiling • underwater welding & burning • underwater rigging Ship Husbandry • commercial and recreational vessel • hull and propeller video inspection • cathodic protection testing • propeller obstruction removal Woman Owned, Small Business, Dams, Bridges & Docks Services Disabled • debris removal Veteran • underwater painting and coating Cert: DBE, WBE, WDVAVOB • NDT (non-destructive testing) • piling repairs Licenses (wood/steel/concrete) DUNS: 080222380 CAGE: 7LYT5 NAICS: 541990, 237990 Marine Salvage Gen. Contractor: DYNAMUC831N8 • salvage of ships, aircrafts, and motor vehicles • compartment and confined space E-mail or Call entry teams • hazmat services for FREE Quote • emergency response 253.328.4456 [email protected] Industrial Plants • trash rake cleaning and repair 10616 13th Ave. Ct S. • dredging and debris removal Tacoma, WA 98444 • traveling screen repair • video inspection, cleaning, and repair Complete online services list dynamicunderwaterconstruction.com DUCS Safety Policy Our employees are trained to know and execute DUCS extensive safety policy and approved procedures. We firmly believe in our employees right to “stop work” for safety. If work must be stopped, our employees will strive to mitigate the safety hazard in the most efficient means possible. Additionally we encourage our employees to be proactive with safety on the job site by having daily safety meeting where the days objectives are discussed to determine the safest and most expedite manner to complete said objective. Key Personnel Sherry McPherson, owner and President of DUCS, is a retired Iraq war combat veteran. She has a Bachelor Degree in Science majoring in Technology Management and has completed a year of graduate school working on a Master’s in Public Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Style Seen from Figurative Language Perspective in Taylor Swift’S Red Album
    PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LANGUAGE STYLE SEEN FROM FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE PERSPECTIVE IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S RED ALBUM AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By NABILA WAHYUNINGTYAS Student Number: 154214117 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LANGUAGE STYLE SEEN FROM FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE PERSPECTIVE IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S RED ALBUM AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Nabila Wahyuningtyas Student Number: 154214117 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Just because there’s a hurricane going on around you, Doesn’t mean you have to open the window and look at it (Taylor Swift) vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI For MY life supporters that HAVE NEVER BEEN OUT OF STYLE _ _ _ _ viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulillah, I was blessed with so much encouragement from so many people to finish my study. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Arina Isti’anah S.Pd., M.Hum who provided me with continuous, pertinent and much input as well as support to help me decide the path for my educational journey at Sanata Dharma University. I thank her for her guidance, wisdom, and patience throughout the whole period of this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Wisconsin – Lake Michigan National Marine Sanctuary
    Proposed Wisconsin – Lake Michigan National Marine Sanctuary Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Management Plan DECEMBER 2016 | sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Kathryn D. Sullivan, Ph.D. Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Management National Ocean Service W. Russell Callender, Ph.D. Office of National Marine Sanctuaries John Armor, Director Matt Brookhart, Acting Deputy Director Cover Photos: Top: The schooner Walter B. Allen. Credit: Tamara Thomsen, Wisconsin Historical Society. Bottom: Photomosaic of the schooner Walter B. Allen. Credit: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Advanced Imaging and Visualization Laboratory. 1 Abstract In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA, 16 U.S.C. 1434 et seq.), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) has prepared a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) that considers alternatives for the proposed designation of Wisconsin - Lake Michigan as a National Marine Sanctuary. The proposed action addresses NOAA’s responsibilities under the NMSA to identify, designate, and protect areas of the marine and Great Lakes environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archaeological, educational, or aesthetic qualities as national marine sanctuaries. ONMS has developed five alternatives for the designation, and the DEIS evaluates the environmental consequences of each under NEPA. The DEIS also serves as a resource assessment under the NMSA, documenting present and potential uses of the areas considered in the alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Wall Tile Failure in the Physical and Recreational Training Building, HMCS Shearwater, Dartmouth, N.S
    NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Wall tile failure in the physical and recreational training building, HMCS Shearwater, Dartmouth, N.S. Tibbetts, D. C. For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: https://doi.org/10.4224/20359026 Technical Note (National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research), 1962-05-01 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=030d3c84-a61e-4721-abe0-14e7dc285439 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=030d3c84-a61e-4721-abe0-14e7dc285439 Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected].
    [Show full text]