INTERMEDIATE CONTENTS

1 Personality Question forms Personality Adjectives Personality descriptions Present simple and presenl EXTRA VOCABULARY: negative Magazine article (p4-1 0) conlrnuous prefixes P refi xes 2 Travel Past simple Travel expressions A biographical profile Present perfect past Phrasal verbs (1) (p11-17) and simple EXTRA VOCABULARY: word pairs, travel ohrasal verbs 3 Work Present perfect continuous Work adjectives An information leaflet Present perfect simple and EXTRA VOCABULARY: READ BETTER: guessing words @18-2a\ conil n uous prepositions, noun combinations 4 Language Future forms Language learning Magazine article First Phrasal verbs (2) (p25-3.1) conditional EXTRA VOCABULARY: phrasal verbs for studying

5 Advertising Second conditional Adjectives Magazine article (o32-38) Comparison Advertising EXTRA LANCUACE: first and Advertising methods second conditional Word combinations EXTRA VOCABULARY: dependent prepositions 6 Business Past continuous Business words and terms Magazine article perfect combinations (p39-4s) Past Word EXTRA VOCABULARY: word building

7 Design Modals Word building Magazine article Present deduction Ad jectives READ BETTER: reading for ( p46-52) Abstract nouns comprehension EXTRA VOCABULARY: describing shapes B Education Defi ning relative clauses Education Magazine article Distance learning information (ps3-s9) Relative clauses Studying - Words from the lesson leaflet EXTRA VOCABULARY: Describing facilities 9 Engineering The passive Word combinations Magazine article (o60-66) Articles S pace EXTRA VOCABULARY: types of engineering, word building

10 Trends Expressions of quantity Words from the lesson Newspaper article (3) (p67-73) Infinitives and -ing forms Phrasal verbs Adjective order

11 Arts and Reported speech Words from the lesson Careers article Reported questions Words connected with arts media EXTRA VOCABU LARY: genres, ( p7a-80) talking about films 12 Crime Third conditional Words from the lesson Article on crime Modal perfects Word combinations (p81 -87) EXTRA LANCUACE: People in crime review of conditionals EXTRA VOCABULARY: types of crime

INTERMEDIATE CONTENTS

, elrout celebrities Word stress Ker' l.rnguaBe: Civing opinions, Taking notes n,hile reading [ [TER: dictation Sentence stress agreeing .rncl disagreeing Cclmparatir c essav TRANSLATION

--:,lbout Robert Byron -ed endings Key language: Discussing Taking notes while listening :: BETTER: taking notes Contracted forms advantages and disadvantages A biographical profile -ł-|o\ ('s / 've) TRANSLATION

Stress patlerns Key language: Asking Organising ide.rs Contracted forms questions, givingi ansrvers A covering letter TRANSLATION

-. (rr.tbout education Li nki ng Key language: Accepting and Describing tables and charts iTto\ Contracted forms reiecting ideas, considering LEARN BETTER: different

I ntonation consequences strategies to learn new words A report TRANSLATION

l.1t t( ) n Stressed syllable Key language: A presentation Using vour dictionarv i]ŁT IER: Iistening for Weak forms A formal letter nT0rn.tatton TRANSLATION ()\

'.r> ConVersatiOn Weak forms Key language: Negotiation Formal and informal language :'ePort Stressing a key word WRITE BETTER: writing i- o\ e m ails Ema ils TRANSLATION

Stressed syllable Kcv Ianguage: Des< ribing l-dilinB dn(l prooi reading Stressing words for emphasis qualitir.s A report TRANSLATION

.tr.l'rent for a college Vowel sounds Key language: Discussing Reading strategies c)\ Sentences with relative clauses possibilities and options A formal letter WRITE BETTER: using relative clauses in writing TRANSLATION

lion rvith a career Vorvel sounds Ke1, language: Discussing Preparing for a talk options, makinB dccisions LEARN BETTER: Ieanring nerv .l)n l'ocabu la rt' Dcscribing a pr0cess ]RANSLATIC)N

n of obiects Key Ianguage: The |anguage oł Recording and learning -ler\ tew meetings voca bu la ry :-) \ Describing a trend TRANSLATION

rr ith a fashion Stress patterns Key langualie: Cornparing arrd Delivering a talk c.)nlraslrng SPEAK BETTER: giving a talk A report TRANSLATION

Contracted forms Key language: Discussing court Summarising cases A narrative using cause and effect TRANSLATION

INTERMEDIATE Personality

PERSONALITY TYPES

VOCABULARY: EXTRA VOCABULARY: personality adjectives negative prefixes

1 Underline the correct 3 Match each prefix to an adjective to make it adjective in each sentence. negative. Write it in a sentence 1-5. 1 Jonathan is such a sensible/ reliable sensitive boy. He always does what the teacher asks ano never in ambitious gets into trouble. im sociable 2 He's so adventurous/ambitious that he said he intended to be the boss in two vears UN patient time! sensitive To avoid any mistakes, we need tobe serious/ cautious in a situation like this and not make She's so insensitive. She should think before she decisions too quickly. speaks in case she hurts someone! job Be energetic/assertivel Make a decision and stick to This is really boring so let's employ someone it! who is

I like your new girlfriend. She's sociable without 3An teacher is one who doesn't bei ng too tal kative / e asy-go i n g. give students enough time to think.

I think all older brothers tend to be quite bossy/ l'm feeling rather this evening. self-confident. They usually tell their younger I don't think l'll go to the party. brothers what to do. I wouldn't expect him to arrive on time. He's fairly He isn't energetic/creative because of his father. It must be because of his mother. She was always making things or painting. lntroverts tend to be organised/hard-working TRANSLATION in their approach they like to know where - 4 How many of these adjectives can be directly everything is and make sure it goes back in its translated into your language? What is the closest correct olace. translation for the others? 1 sensitive P RO N U N C IATI O N : word stress 2 sensible 2a W Listen and underline the main stress in 3 open-minded each word. 4 hard-working 1 adventurous 7 energetic 5 easy-going easy-going organised 2 8 6 moody ambitious reliable 3 9 7 even-tempered even-tempered 10 self-confident 4 8 strong-willed 5 cautious 1'l generous 6 open-minded 12 creative

2b M Now listen again and practise saying the words. READING Mostly Bs You can be sociable but you also like quiet times. Do you believe your handwriting can tell you about You en joy meeting people but there are only a few vour personality? Take this test and find out! people you can call 'close friends'. You are hard- working but know how to relax and have fun. 'l Write your signature (or two words) in the Mostly Cs square below. You tend to prefer your own company or to have iust a few close friends around for dinner instead of a large event. You can be ambitious but in general you don't make decisions quickly - you are cautious and when you speak, it's usually to make a thoughtful comment.

4 Use the handwriting test to analyse these signatures. Which signature shows the person is mostlv a, b or c?

2 Now answer these five questions about your handwriting. Tick (rz) answer a, b or c. I Does your handwriting ar fill the box?

br fill half the box?

cr fill a small part of the box?

I Do the letters

a) point to the right?

b) go straight up and down?

c) point to the left? 3 ls there space between the two words? a) No. bl Not much.

c' Yes, a lot.

-l Did you underline the signature with

.-r' lots of lines?

b1 one line? c) no lines? \,N- W\ 3 Count how many a, b or c answers you ticked. Then read below to find out what your score means. \4ostly As \ou tend to be an extrovert. You like people to 5 A handwriting analyst is interpreting the rlrow are in the room. You appear to be very fou signatures. Which signature is he describing, 1,2 or 3? :rrl;itious and self-confident. You like to be wnere -^e action is and preferably to be in charge. M EA TY

DICTATION

6 In Listen again and write in the missing parts. It obviously belongs to someone who walks into a room and likes everyone to know he's there. The way he uses the box tells me that

. The signature looks fairly normal but the letters lean that way. lf you combine that with the narrow gap between the words, then you have I Complete these questions about Carl Jung. and 1 Who was Carl luns. Finally, the way he finishes off the signature with the Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist. lines makes 2 Where He studied medicine at the University of Basel. C RAMMAR: question forms 3 What He specialised in psychiatric medicine. 7 write the missing question words in 1-8. 4 What Where Does Have ls How Are He developed ideas about personality types. Do What Why When 5 How many

1 How reliable are the tests you use? He identified two personality types.

2 exactly do psychiatrists do? 6 Who

3 you done any of these exercises? Introverts don't like large crowds..

4 you ever get impatient? 7 What

J are you from? Extroverts form close relationshi os.

6 are you changing jobs? 8 How influential

7 they living in Thailand now? Jung was very influential.

I he expect to be late? 9 Which

9 is Michael studying at the moment? The Myers-Briggs and Keirsey tests are based on his theory. 10 long have you lived here? I 10 Which filmmaker - 11 were you last in London? Stanly Kubrick read his work.. 12 he easily annoyed? 11 What He tried to interpret dreams.

12 Which He wrote The Undiscovered Self in 1957. : VOCABULARY: prefixes C RAMMAR: present simple and present continuous 'l Write the correct missing prefix in sentences'l-8. Some of them are used more than once. 2 Underline the correct verb forms in this article. lf you are the President of the USA, what 1 do you do/ u nder- dis- EX mono- mrs- antF are you doing when you lose your job? The answer is semr- n out- over- bi- re- easy. You 2 start/are starting giving talks about being the President! That's what's happened to Bill Clinton. I find him rather quiet and antr-social. When you He3 makes/'s making between nine and ten million trv to start a conversation he walks away. dollars a year by giving speeches all over the world, a She's really used at work. She wants more from Australia to Egypt. This compares/is comparing responsibility. well with the $200,000 salary a year he received as President of the USA. With around 350 talks a year, I saw your girlfriend today. She was rvith a his present schedule means that he s probably gives/ new man. is probably giving a talk somewhere in the world 6 -ł He,s a|ways been organised. at the same tlme as you read/are reading this. Currently, he7 also tries/'s also trying to raise even J Sorry, I think I understood you. Can you more money for his charity which he B runs/is running explain what you -mean? to combat HIV/Aids. The architect has built a _ rail to help passengers travel from one side of the city to the 3 Complete this otner. email to your friend 7 His success was shadowed by one small called Jules. Use mistake. the words to write sentences in the 8 Guess what! l've got tickets for the finals of present simple or the the tennis. Would you like to come with me? present continuous. 9 This inlection may cause a little comfort. r0 Carl lung defined our understanding of psychology in the 2Oth century. HiJules t.l The greatest athletes always try to_ perform how / you? their last record. How are you?

.1 2 She's a really rated singer and much better I / work / in the office /the moment than everyone in the newspapers say. (l) bu t my boss always / lunch / 12 13 Your answer to this question is correct. Try (2)

I / write / you while he's out. 1.ł The Iatest government report proposed lingual education in schools. you / have / good time / Barcelona at the moment? AI what / you / think of your course?

how / weather? (6) ir/ rain / here! (7)

Wish I was with you! Love Rachel

Personality @ 7 READING 5 What do these numbers and figures from the reading refer to? Match 1-5 to a-e. 4 Read the article and write each verb in brackets 'l one in three c/ in the present simple or present continuous form. 2 700 360 4 22 percent 5 l2percent - - a) the maximum age of people in the study

b) people with the first type of CWS ,. b c) the ratio of people with CWS

d) people with the second type of CWS

Do you worship celebrities? e) the number of people in the study Do you wake up every night thinking of your favourite singer? Or do you wonder what a TV presenter LISTENINC t has (have) for breakfast in the morning? lf so, you may have a newly identified psychological condition: 6 Listen to someone being interviewed Celebrity Worship Syndrome (CWS) Following a as part of the study on CWS. Complete the recent study, psychologists at the University of researcher's q uestions. Leicester now 2 _ (believe) that one in three of us are obsessed with celebrities and the number 3 (go up)

One theory is that our modern lives a (become) more and more dominated by TV and so modern- celebrities often 5 (take) the place of relatives, neighbours and close friends for many people

The study of around 700 people aged 18 to 60 Sport, especially football. 6 _(show) that there are three types of Celebrity Worship Syndrome, The largest number of people - 22 percenl of the study only ' Ronaldhino. (have) a small problem and they are likely to be extroverts with a passion for talking about their Of course chosen celeb.ity Another 12 percent have- an intense personal type of relationshrp with their idol. while the third group, with the most extreme CWS, 8 Fai rl y. (think) their ce ebrity knows them These people are often introverts, anti-social and insensitive l've no idea. Fortunately, most people's interest in the rich and famous is perfectly normal and healthy Dr John Maltby of Leicester University says. 'lt is not Quite often. necessarily a bad thing Many people are interested in celebrities ' However, says Dr Maltby, 'We 9 Johnny Depp (met him at a first night premióre). (begin) to define CWS for the f irst time and research is

suggesting that, generally, people with CWS ? I0 _ (replace) normal relationships -with these Not often. fantasy relationships'

B M Personality SCENARIO:

KEY LANGUAGE: giving 5 Horv do vou feel about Petra? opinions, agr eeing and think about Petra? disagreeing 6 | think Michael's right.

r aSree 'l put each phrase a-h in the correct ptace to complete the conversation. PRONUNCIATION: a) don't know sentence stress b) come on c) great idea 3a Listen to five mini-dialogues. Which word in each response is stressed? Tick the version with d) don't agree the correct word in bold, a, b or c. e) how about 1 I don't believe he's sixty! f) | suggest a) Well, it's true. g) | think b) Well, it's true. h) it's true c) Well, it's true. ,/

,ą... 1 8 Roger is the best person for the team. Let's go out tonight. After all, he scored very well on the psychometric a) That's a great idea. test. b) That's a great idea. s: Well, 2_that he scored well, but do you really want another ambitious, self-confident c) That's a great idea. extrovert on the team? ln my opinion, she's the best person for the job. A: 3 !You make him sound awful. He's a a) I don't agree. nrce person. b) | don't agree. s Well, I a . He seems a bit over-confident. But the main issue is that we already have two big c) | don't agree. characters on the team. 5 we take on I don't think we'll find the right person in the is gets hard someone who quieter and on with the company. work. Otherwise, we'll have too many egos. a) | suggest we try. ,ł: oK' l 6 with you about Roger but let's look at the alternatives. b) | suggest we try.

B'. 7 Petra? She's nice and she seems like the c) I suggest we try. sort of person who gets on with everyone. Who can we ask to do this? ,ł: That,s a B- ! |,d forgotten about her. Maybe a) How about Ben? l'll be able to put Roger on another project. b) How about Ben? 2 Rewrite the first sentence with the same meaning c) How about Ben? using the words given. She drives me mad! 1 We could employ Magda, couldn't we? a) Come on. She's OK. Why don't we b) Come on. She's OK. We should call him and see if he wants the iob. c) Come on. She's OK. I suggest 7 How do you feel about it? What if we give them all a team task? a) I think it's fine. How about b) I think it's fine. I think we ought to check their references before we decide? c) | think it's fine. What about 3b Listen again and practise saying the sentences. STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS: taking / t()s up. six is probably the notes while reading nr;lximum nurnber of people Vou want on most teams.

8 Onb , women are probably safer drivers than men. When you take notes, write down the key words such as names/ numbers and key verbs or nouns. 3 A student is writing two paragraphs for an essay titled:'Are women better at working in teams than 'l men?'Write Look back at the article about Bill Clinton on these missing sentences in the correct page 7 and complete these notes. places in the paragraph. a) womcn make dccisions more slowlv b)thev also enjov being in groups Jata\TU as ?vosi).twt: Ja(arg c4J fov c) they like to lead groups A, ltt d) wsmen-are*etterlistenets e) nren are more likely to disagree and argue f) worren like to discuss ideas

g) men are usually in charge n

{tr,es Jo^. ?(.o?|(' bdie,ve ŁkaŁ bLŁŁ('Y 4rork: ^oy,l.ttt ^t(, ^Ł C+J i,,l" Łl*an y,,lrn'{kę'tt. 1(atses \ĄĄ)LLL! Ła holy'.lil.! Łuu,l's AYL v^tiołs A ALA( c5) \"Ł^so/.s (or tltis. firsttg, l d) anj'

3 . r!ecor./tg, niŁk oŁLtu ?Lo?|(,. - WRITI NC : comparative essay on ŁM oŁkur kan)., Łl,tavt y,n,u, |,,,.

2 Write the missing linking words in sentences 1-8. il'AiŁiou',5 ot Łe.at,,ts buause 6 The first letter of each word is given. fur,sviŁtthls, 7 niŁk otkt.v werube'vs ot lt's 1 still thc case that more men than wonren Łh.t. Łuyn. become politicians. However, it is slowly changing rvith more and more women entering politics.

2A people should be fined for speeding in cars, I don't think the police should use cameras.

3 Using abbreviations helps with note-taking. For , you can use the symbol '>' instead of writing 'is greater than'. 4D the fact that evervone is talking about climate change and global warming, rve don't seem to be doing much to solve the problem.

5 Manv men become managers. This is t) thev rarely take career breaks.

6 In c to nren, many women take career breaks to have children. lo @ Personality Travel

VOCABULARY: 2 Write one of these verbs in each sentence 'l-10. travel expressions Bet respect find out see broaden 'l Read the clues below and write the missing become explore find travel words in this crossword. 1 | think it's good for young people to take a gap year and travel to their horizons. 2 We're going to some old temples in the mountains.

Lots of people travel to themselves as much as to visit new places.

I like holidays where you just away from it all on a beach doing nothing. My daughter has _ more independent since her trip to Thailand. So what sights did you _ while you were there? It's important to _ the local culture and act in the correct way. Did you what time the train leaves for Rome?

Across EXTRA VOCABULARY: word pairs 1 The place you travel to. 3 Make pairs of words for talking about holidays 4 The place where bags are checked for illegal by matching a word in A to a word in B. Then rtems. complete the sentences 1-5 with each pair. 6 To go on a journey AB 7 A kind ofjourney. tnsu rance -----_: aSenr 8 The industry which helps people to Bo on holiday. O TESS tour 10 You pay this to protect yourself on holiday. holiday COOCS Down package policy 1 Papers with official information for travel (e.g. travel resort passport, tickets, visa).

2 To live in a place for a temporary period. Remember to take out an insurance policv before you Bo on holiday in case of an emergency. 3 You have this to protect against a disease. We used to book with a but A special place (e.g. famous 5 to see monumenr, now we book online. building, palace). They've built a new on tne 9 To come together with new people on holiday. coast. lt's so ugly! in some countries can be ouite formal.

We booked a which included the bus and all our mears.

Travel 11 READING VOCABULARY: phrasal verbs (1) 1 nead this biography about the travel writer, Bruce Chatwin. Complete the timeline of his life 2 Match the verb to the particle and complete the with events 1-9. See the example. sentences.

set get stop I out on off Bruce Chatwin was get look carry I around back to born on 13 May 1940 I Marco Polo set out in 1271 with his father to but his interest in Ch i na. writing grew later on 2 Let's in Venice for a few oays in his life. He started before continuing to Creece. his career at the auction house What time do rve destination ? Sotherby's, where he soon became the l'll call you when from my expert on trip to Mexico. lmpressionist art. Do you have any time to our But in 1964 he went city while you're here? on a journey to 6 The bus stops here so we'll have to Ethiopia and his interest in archaeology began. He , by foot"

studied archaeology for a year at university but found ,

academic study boring and left. 'l EXTRA VOCABULARY: ln 1972The SundayTimes Magazine employed him to ,; travel phrasal verbs write about art and architecture.The job improved l his writing skills and also gave him the chance to ',, 3 In each sentence, replace the words in bold with travel. In 1977 he flew to Patagonia. He spent six :; a phrasal verb. Write the verb next to the sentence.

months there and wrote the highly successful book :,, ln Patagonia. ehecFin stop over pull over Bet in take off check out Chatwin carried on writing both fiction and travet books for the rest of his life, including the famous You need to go to the airline desk two hours before Songlines about the Aborigines in Australia. In his the plane leaves. check in careeĘ Chatwin received praise for his story-te||ing What time do you have to go to the hotel reception abilities and criticism from others for not telling the truth in his books.In the late 1980s Chatwin and pay? develooed AIDS and died in 1989. 3 What time does the olane arrive? 4 When does the olane leave?

1 Went to Ethiopia 6 Wrote his first book 5 We'll probably stay in Singapore for a day rn 2 Died 7 University for a year between our two flights. 3 Became a journalisl B Wrote Songlines I'm lost. Park the car at the side of the road and we a-ffiom 9 Travelled to Patagonia can look at the map. 5 Worked at Sotherbl"s

1

r 940 1964 1972 1977 1989

12 @ Travel GRAMMAR: pastsimple ńR ONUNCIATIOI\

4 Read this page from an explorer's diary. Write 6a How many syltables are each word, 1, 2 or 3? each verb in brackets in the past simple. Write your answer next to the word. -l (in irrventecl -) -vent - ecl ) 1 Vtla .- (start) ourjourna1 in OcIobęr,1hrvo 2 cla nccd of wL_ (leave) aarll in ihe morning and tho rest of tha group 7_ (follour) ur an hour 3 discussecl later The group 4_ (walr) atl da1 and in the 4 decided Łvoning we '--- (find) a rmall laKe with frorh 5 travellecl wator. The deserl b_ (ba) cotd but very 6 a rrived boautiful. M1 colleagues 1_ Qhotograph) / tntroouceo the night sKy until finalll we 8- (go) to bod B landed ln tho mornin g lhe Ieam 1 (continue) the Io 9 rvorked journol but i't (become) harĄer and

*'.r".'o *:u,"-*'n','-'.,^'.ur,.',,.'...,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,:,,..,,,,:,. 10 litted

:, .. , . 6b Listen to check your answers and practise 5 Write these verbs in the quiz below in the past saying the words. simple. Afterwards test your own knowledge and complete the quiz. See the answers on page 93. DICTATION

be reach lead make sail 7 Listen and complete the next page in the explorer's diary. We the desert for another ancr Test your knowledse or the GfeAt WplaferSl mou ntains. 1 Who the South Pole first? During this time, A Robert Scott feel sick. B Roald Amundsen but the journel' C Richard Branson Then, some peopre ano 2 Who the first expedition westwards from Europe to Asia via the Pacific? to their tents. A Ferdinand Magellan . Thcir B Marco Polo leader r'vas an old nran and C Vasco da Cama .We what the medicine was but the second man on the moon? Who The peoplc Yuri Gagarin A in the descrt B Neil Armstrong and C Edwin Aldrin

Who to America first? A The Vikings B Christopher Columbus C James Cook

5 Which European first contact with the continent of Australia? A Thor Heverdahl B Captain lames T Kirk C Captain James Cook UARTE

C RAMMAR: present perfect 3 Read this email and underline the correct form, and past simple present perfect or past simple.

1 mut.h the two halves of the sentences. Dear Petra 1 Ralph hasn't been to Europe How t have you been/wereyou? | think the last time 2 He's - we2've spoken/spoke was over two months ago. 3 Has he- bcen Anyway | 3 've just returned/just returned from a 4 He's never - week walking in Morocco.We4 haveflown/flewto 5 5 Ralph rvent- there Marrakesh and then have walked/walked for tńree days in the Atlas mountains. l6've never done/never 6 He's alreadv been- to three capital cities this did anything in my life so tiring but so amazing 7 Has Ralph - before! The tour leader 7 has taken/took us to parts - of the mountains where tourists don't normally a) before? go and the local people a have invited/invited us b)week. in to their homes. At the end, the group e hove c) been before. spent/spent a night in Fez with its ancient markets. | 1 0 haven't spent/did n't spend too much money d) yet. there but | 1 t have bought/bought a cou ple of e) ever been to Europez really beautiful ornaments. Anyway, | 12 've already f) already been there. booked/already booked another holiday there in g) when he rvas a boy. the autumn.Would you like to come?

TRANSLATION

2 Translate the sentences 1-7 in Exercise 1 into your language. PRONUNCIATION:

1 contracted form ('s I 've)

4 Listen to six sentences. Tick the sentence 2 you hear. 1 ltravelled all night. 3 l've travelled all night. 2 He climbed this mounrarn. 4 He's climbed this mounlain. 3 They worked here for years. 5 Thev've worked herc for vears.

She told him the news. 6 She's lold him lhe ncws We talked to them. 7 We've talked to them.

It hit the building.

It's hit the building.

14 @l t'uu" THE EMPTY QUARTER

READING LISTENING

5 Read about Martin Strel and write the verbs in 6 Writ" questions about Martin Strel's adventure in the past simple or the present perfect. the past simple or present perfect. 1 Q: In the past, how A: ln books. 2 Q:Who A: A film crew a back-up team and a medical team 3 Q:What ? A: Strel's attempt to swim the Amazon. 4 Q:What A: Passenger ships. 5 Q:Why A: For emergencies.

7 Listen to part of a lecture about the travel writer Sharks, stingrays and crocodiles: swimming Robert Byron. Decide if the the Amazon at 52 statements 1-7 are true or false. There I (be) a time when 1 Byron was from France. explorers 2 (tell) us about 2 No one had written books- their amazing adventures in books. But nowadays, about travel before The Road no 'true' adventurer or explorer travels without a to Oxiana. documentary film crew. And so Martin Strel, a 3 Byron also -wrote about 3 52-year-old Slovakian, architecture. (take) camera men to the Amazon with him. 4 The Road to Oxiana- was his Last week they a (begin) first book. filming Strel's attempt to swim the length of 5 lt was about- his journey to Afghanistan. the river. On the first afternoon, they - (film) him successfully 6 lt has been translated. srvim through parts of the river in Peru. In the past, 7 Byron died on one of his- journeys. 'rese sections of the river 6 (stop) - B Ans*", these questions about Byron. :assenger ships. But Strel z (survive) 1 Who has said it is the first example of great travel nany previous dangers. As a young man, he writing? (swim) the English channel and since then he 9 (also/swim) the Danube, Mississippi and Yangtze rivers. The Amazon, 2 When was Byron born? however, 1o (be) a greater challenge for Strel with its crocodiles, stingrays and 3 When did he oublish his first book? sharks. ln case of emergencies, his back-up team (pack) animal food to throw How long after First Russia, Then Tibet did he write .o any interested meat-eaters and his medical team Ihe Road to Oxiana?. (take) a supply of blood from Strel before the journey began - just in case the happens ! 5 Which of his books is known worldwide?

Travel 15 KEY LANC UAC E: discussing r: \Vcll, l'r,e reacl about th.rt too, and thcre .tre advantages and disadvantages ) 'l s: What do you mean? litten to the conversation and tick the ,ą: We||. on thc ] r.'ou flv correct answers. to -l interesting places and hellt rvith projects, but on Wh.lt is one .tdv.lntagc oi eco-lourismł a the having lots of lteople a) lt's cheap. travelling to parts of thc world with ecologicai b) lt's in interesting places. problems is probably,causing morc problenrs.

5 c) lt's in different p.rrts of the worlcl. Another is that lve don't have enough money to do that! lt's quitc expensive. Whal is onc disadv.rnt,rge of eco-lourism? s: So, where should we go? ar lt has lots of lteople. n: Well, I agree that it'd be 6 do b) lt causes more problems. something different rather than just sitting on a c) lt's in diiferent parts of the world. beach. T about going on an Why can't they go? archaeological dig?

a) They can't afford it. B: What's that exactly?

bl They can't agree. Well you travel to an ancient placer and help dig for old buildings ancl objects. A fricncl of mine is c) They both disagree with eco-tourism.

working on one in the Sahara desert I What kind of holiday clon't they rvant? rve shoulcl join. a) A package holiday. 4 Listen and check your answers. practise b) A sightseeing holidav. saying the conversation. c) A beach holiday.

5 What can vou find on an archaeological dig? a) Old buildings.

b) The desert.

c) The beach.

2 Match a beginning 1-Z with an ending a-g, to make the correct expressions.

1 | suggest a) a good idea to ... 2 How b) we ... 3 On the one hand c) for and asainst

4 I lhink we d) should ...

5 Thereareargumcnts e) but on the other hand ...

6 tt'd be f) about ...

7 Another disaclvantage g) is that ...

3 Use parts of the expressions in Exercise 2 to complete this discussion.

,t: Have ;'ou thought an), more.rbout where to g,o on holidav?

s: Yes, I was reading about something called

eco-tourism. I think I somcthing like that. What do.vou think?

16 NZ rravel STUDY SKILLS: in the taking notes while listening Seconcl \'\'orlcl War Titlcs of f.r.r-rous books:

First Then (1933) When 1,ou take notes, listen for the key words such as nouns/ verbs and adjectives. These are the words The') to Oxiana (1937) that are normally stressed in sentences.

a 1 ,,,..,',t:,.-.,,,t.', Listen to these sentences and underline WRITING: the words or parts of words (syllables) which are biographical profile stressed. 3 Underline the correct time linker in each sentence.

1 Aiter/During qualifying as a teacher, I moved to France.

Before/After they, met in Australia, both of thenr had worked in offices.

3 During/While that time, the,v got married.

4 I first met him during/tuhen we were both at u n rversrty.

5 I gave up my lob after/when only a i,ear. 6 She moved to New York beiore/nhile her frieno was there. Thev shared a flat.

7 She took a gap year while/vvhen she left university.

8 He wrote the book while/during he was living in Tibet.

9 | need to call them after/before they go abroad. you 1 Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas. Do have their home number? I She attended Columbia University in nineteen 10 | r,vorked as a secretarv and cluring/when that time I saved all my mone\/ to go around the r,vorlcl. n r neteen.

I She we nt to her first air show in nineteen twenty. 4 Number these sentences from a short biography in the correct order (1 to 5). I Her first record was to fly at fourteen thousand feet. But before I had finished my first year, ldecided I \lost people remember her as the first woman to fly to leave and traver. .olo non-stop across the Atlantic. - While wc were living there, I started a degree in : :he took off from New Bruns"vick. - business at the universrty. - :rc published two books about her experiences. In 2003, during a trek in the Himalayas, I met ] '' Listen to the lecture about Robert Byron - my wife, Angela. .:ain. This time, complete the notes below about After we had finished our journel, round the - .1.t . - world together, we started an online tourist r:RT BYRON: business, specialising in tourisnr to exotic places. _-_.hl In 1995 my famill, moved to Brussels when my father took a job there. .lll -

at Oxford

t .rbout l ano

Travel 17 PRONUNCIATION

2 Match the words in Exercise -l to the stress patterns. O o stressful Ooo oOo oOoo

3 Listen to the words in Exercise 2 and check your answers. Practise saying the words. 1 fach speaker is describing a job. Match the adjective to the description. There is one extra EXTRA VOCABULARY: adjective. prepositions

g|amorous exciting rewafdĘ 4 Underline the correct preposition in these challenging flexible stressfu I repetitive adverts.

We are looking I on/for/to an experienced individual who is able to work alone. You will be responsible 2 for/in/of the running of our new Madrid office whilst reporting3 for/to/on a manager in south-east ofEngland.

Fluency a in /for/on Spanish is essdntial and a good knciwledge s of/in/with Portuguese is preferred for dealing with our Latin American clients, as well as the ability to communicate with people from all cultural backgrounds.

Salary will depen d 6 on/ of/ in When I say l'm an actor everyone thinks I must have an amazing lifestyle of The post comes with excellent long-term prospects 7 of/to/ champagne, meeting celebrities and appearing /or a candidate with a proven track.record, preferably with in magazines. And they're right. I love itl experience 8 in/for/on planning budgets.

TRANSLATION

5 Do these jobs exist in your country? Can you translate them into your language? 1 Personal assistant

2 Sales manager

3 Finance director 4 Chief administrator

J Marketing executive

6 Chief executive officer

What is your fob title (or what job would you like to do in the future)? Can you translate it into English? 18 @wo.t READING AND VOCABULARY 1 ar tinre-saving b) job c) workstation 2 ar houservork b) homework c) homeworking 3 ar trend b) rise c) drive | ., .,, With this type of reading exercise, remember to: 4 ar use b) spend c) save . read the whole text first. 5 a) employnrent b) unemployed c) employees o think about the words before AND after the gap. 6 a) consuming b) saving c) management . look for collocations. 7 a) home b) balance c) style 8 a) since b) in c) by 'l Read this text about'Extreme Colnmuters'. Look 9 a) b) c) management at 1-1 0 and complete each gap in the text with the for clock correct missing word, a, b or c. 10 a) makes b) takes cl ooes

2 Read the article again and choose the correct answer. 1 What are people spendinB more time doing?

a) Working.

b) Travelling to worn. c) Drinking coffee.

2 What would many extreme commuters prefer to do?

a) Work longer to buy a big house.

b) Travel longer to live in a big house. 3 c) Travel less to live in a small house. EWś 3 What has gone up by 50 percent since I990? a) The number of people with cupholders. W RT' b) the number of people with a car. AND WHY DO WE I{EED THREE GUPHOLDERS? c) The number of people driving for over two hours per day to and from work. In recent years, advances in technology have given us greater I opportunities with new ways of working such as 4 What do one in four of us now do? telecommuting- and 2 . But new figures from the US Census Bureau suggest- the 3 for long commutes to a) Eat in cars. work may not have ended. In fact, 'extreme commuting' is - b) Eat in rcslauranls. tncreaslng. c) Eat out at lunchtime. 'Extreme commuters' can a 90 minutes travelling to work one wa)'. - Look again at the words in 1-10, in Exercise 1. It seems that more 5 than ever 3 are still prepared to take time-6 Choose six of the words you didn't use in your - answers and write six sentences. For example: journeys in return for a big house- in the country. This search for the perfect A workstation is the place where ,r,ou work in the work-life 7 means that nearly 10 million people- now drive more than an ol'fice with tour comput,er. hour to rvork, That's up by 50 percent -l 8 _ 1990.

One effect of this is that one in every four restaurant meals 2 are now eaten in the car and, to help our time 9 .) carmakers are adding extra cupholders, refrigeration-, boxes and even passenger seats which turn into dining tables. So 4 the next time your colleague l0 a lunch break, dont be 5 surprised ifit's in the car! - 6 work ro@ rc HOMEWORKING

LISTENINC r: \\rell, my, companl' r, (promrse) me a promotion for months l;ut nothing's happened. 4 Listen to the conversation between Sandy (work) there a long 'l-5. and Frieda and complete sentences time. Maybe it's time to nrove on... 1 When Sandy arrives, Frieda 5D Listen again and check your answers. at finishes the book. 6 Complete each sentence with since or for. b) stops reading 'l l've been working here 2003. c) continues reading. _ 2 He's been in charge Kasia left. 2 The detective in her book started chasing the 'bad 8uy' 3 l've been w.riting for a replv over a fortnight. a) last month. Maria has been out of work b) for a month. 4 _ lune. We've here few minutes. c) months a8o. 5 only been _ a Lisa hasn't seen her she was a 3 Sandy has 6 familv child. ,rr passed her exams. 7 There have been a lot of changes _ they b) looked for a job. arrived.

c) to take her ex.rms. B My friend and I have been trying to solve this 4 Frieda's company has promised her a promotion problem a week now. a) once. b) last month. DICTATION c) many umes. 7 Listen to part of a job interview and write in 5 Sandy thinks Frieda should the missing words. l: Interviewet C: Candidate a) leave the company. t: So in your current job I see that from b) ask for a promotion. home. How long c) work longer. that?

GRAMMAR: present c: Well, I perfect continuous my employer for about three and a half years but after a couple of years I was able to 5a Write the verbs in this conversation in the present perfect continuous. So, how r: Hi Sandy'. I mean, 1 s: Hi Frieda. Sorry |,m late. Horv |ong ńave you it? (wait)? been waiting Actually, it's one of the reasons l'd like to change r: Not long. lt's OK. | 2 (read) my jobs. I love my work but I miss l book. lt's about a detective. He That's one of the things which (chase) this bad guy for months. l've just got to the to this post. a final chapter. Anyway, what r: So if we offered you you (do) todav?

5 I rvas with a friend. We Well, obviously if the job required it, then that (study) for our exams. would be fine. But I

What do you think you'll do after university? people. I think that's I haven't spent any time on that yet. I just want to one of my strengths - m1' ability to communicate pass these exams first. What about you? How's the job? 20 @ wo'.L KILLER QUESTIONS

READING 2 Read the leaflet again and decide if these statements are true or false. 1 Read the information leaflet about interviews. 1 lnterviervers usually don't form an opinion about paragraph. Choose the correct heading, a-f,for each you until you start answering their questions. a) Sholv you are interested 2 The speed at which you walk will tell the - b) The handshake interviewer how you feel. c) Make every second count 3 When you shake someone's- hand, a really strong grip is always best. d) First impressions 4 Don't stop smiling and- when you talk, make sure e) The eyes and the mouth what you say is interesting. your body f) Use 5 Try to copy what the interviewer- says and always agree with him or her. 6 Think about how you can- use every moment of the From the moment an interview to make sure you Bet that 1ob. interviewer meets you/ - he or she forms an idea about lvhat sort EXTRA VOCABULARY: of person you are, and noun combinations what kind of employee you would make. 3 Match a word from each column to make noun So how can you appear more confident, even if combinations about work and interviews. you are feeling nervous? shock details contact tactrcs are nervous, tend to more When we we walk survey aSency slowly and look indecisive. Alan Powers, an expert in body language, says that when an past expenence interviervee walks into the interview room, he killer resu lts or she should pause at the door and then walk confidently. customer question recru rtment appearance

When you shake hands, hold it with a strong smart SETV I CCS grip but also be friendly. A weak grip means a weak character whereas if you are too strong, 4 Complete sentences'1-B with noun you won't impress the interviewer either. combinations from Exercise 3. 1 Can you tell me if these contact details are correct? For example, is your telephone number It's important to look interested and attentive but still 0207 859 6877?. don't stare at vour ootential boss. And SMILE percent from time to time! lt also helos vou to relax. show that 68 of employers rate real life experience more highly than oualifications.

Sit uo and be interested. Lean forward and avoid 3 The interview was awful. She asked me a crossing your arms or legs. According to Powers, about which famous celebrity I would it can also be helpful to 'copy' the interviewer's invite to dinner. movements. Copying, or what Powers calls 'mirroring', is a way for us to tell others that we 4 At an interview, I like to ask simple questions think in the same wav. and then I use to throw the candidate off guard. 5 Tell me a little about your _ with 'You never get a second chance', says image your previous employer. Did you enjoy working consultant lane Chapman: 'lnterviews only give there? you a short time to show who you are. By using body language and dress, you can start as soon 6 Hello. How can I help you as you get through the door.' today?

work @ 21 KILLER QUESTIONS

7 l've registered with a I hope PRONUNCIATION they find me some work soon.

B lthink a can make all the 7a Listen to seven sentences. Circle the difference at an interview. After all,7O oercent of number of words vou hear in each sentence. what we think about a person is based on how they Contracted forms count as two words, for example, look. they've.

Sentencel: 5 6 7 B C RAMMAR: present perfect simple and continuous Sentence2: 3 4 5 6 Sentence3: 6 7 B 9 5 Underline the correct form of the verb. Sentence4: 3 4 5 6 1 | 've done/'ve been doing my essay and handed it Sentence5: 6 7 8 9 tn. Sentence6: 5 6 7 8 | 've done/'ve been doing my essay and I still need to write the conclusron. SentenceT: 6 7 8 9

They've replied/'ve been replying to all one / D Listen again and practise saying the hundred people so that's an end to it. sentences. He's talked/'s been talking on the phone since I0 B Look at these mini-dialogues. Write full o'clock so I haven't been able to see him yet. questions using the present perfect simple or How much money have you spent/have you been continuous form. spending since last week? 1 q: How long / you / write / that report? How long have you waited/have you been waiting for their decision? Why don't you give them a call and ask for their answer? n: About 6 hours.

We've always used/been using this type of 2 q: How many reports / you / write? computer.

No-one has ever complained/been complaining ,ł: Six in tota|. before. 3 q: Have / you /wait / a long time? The photocopier's broken/'s been breaking down again. That's the fifth time this month.

10 How many people have applied/have been A: Yes, about an hour. applying so far? 4 q: Where / he / live? 6 Underline the correct phrase. 'l l've been writing and sending letters a/ready/all day. ,ł: In five different countries.

2 We've employed twenty new workers in the last 5 q: Where / they / live? th ree wee ks /for month s.

3 You've answered five questions in the last hour/for an nour. R: In France since last vear.

4 l've been asking them about this for days/three 6 e: Who / she I interview / all morning? ilmes.

? J They asked me reaIly difficult questions at tńe ,ą: Candidates for the post of receptionist. i nterv iew /over t he in lerview. 7 q: How many /they / interview / this morning? 6 She's had lots of interviews over the years/hour.

7 They've interviewed 10 people in three hours/ all day long. ,ł: Two peop|e. one of them was from Vietnam. He's been waiting since over two hours/B o'clock this morning.

22 @tvorlr EXTRA VOCABULARY: 4 Let nre iust think about that for a + verb noun combinations 5 I thought you might me about that

6 Well, l'm not an , but I think the increase trtut.h a verb to a noun to make verb + noun 1 rvill continue. combinations about work. To be l'm not sure. VERBS NOUNS _ , recru rt a pran LISTENING deal with new markets

research team 4 Before you listen, can you guess the missing words in these interview questions? The first letter is set customers given. serve more staff 1 What kind of person are you?

put together costs 2 What would vou sav is vour bies.esl w ? reouce objectives 3 What i_ do you have outside work? lead a complaints 4 lf you were an a_ what would it be? 5 What do you think you can b_ to this post? KEY LANGUAGE: asking questions, giving answers 6 How much of a t_ player are you? 7 How do you think your c_ would describe 2 Match the correct ending a-g for the beginning you? of the framing questions 'l-7. 8 Can you tell me about your q_ ? 1 Now here's a question we like to ask everyone, 5 Now match questions 1-B in Exercise 4, to 2 Let me follow that up - answers (a-h)

3 OK. Now moving on, -can you tell me a) Probably, that I tend to take my work home, 4 l'm interested in - though some people call that a strength I suppose. 5 | was wondering -what b)Well, in my last job I learnt to use the latest 6 just one more thing l'd -like to ask lechnology. 7 A question now - c) That's a difficult one... a leopard, perhaps. - a) knowing more about your studies. b)where do you think you'll be in five years' time? d) Well, I have a degree in business studies and an cl about your free time. MBA. d) you think you can add to our company? e) | think the people I work closely with would say I was supportive e) about is how long you intend to stay here? f) | think l'm quite outgoing. f I about your previous job. g) | museums. gl rvith another question. like cycling and visiting h) Well, I have plenty of experience of working with 3 Write one of these words in each response, 1-7. groups of people. _ .-rsk glad moment honest question 6 Now listen and check your answers to detail expert Exercises 4 and 5. Practise saying the questions and answers. I l'm vou asked me that. 7 lmagine you are at the job interview. Write your I That's a very interesting . _ own answers for the questions. I \\'ithout going into too much , my boss ;ind I didn't agree.

23 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKI LLS: organising ideas 3 A job applicant has seen this advert in a student magazine. 1 Read sentences a-h below. They are from two different paragraphs: the first is about preparing for a job interview, the second is about what to wear. Put the two paragraphs in order and write your WANTED Su.r"l. school activities teader answers here: wanted to work with children (aged 1 1-'15).

Paragraph 1: 1 You will need to organise games such as football and netball and take the children on trips and Paragraph 2: ) visits.

a) This means that employees may be expected to Please send your CV with a covering Ietter to . .. wear tres.

b) For example, 'What are your greatest achievements?' and 'What is the companv vision or He has also made these notes to help him write the philosophy?'. letter. c) On the other hand, some modern employers allow jeans and T-shirts.

d)As a general rule, it's better to be slightly over- 1 s|,łl,'til,tŁ{ srl,rcc|. ncti.uitir,s |ta),uc dressed than make the mistake of appearing too 7ost - wa4aat,,tt casual. 1 a/urvtise-,,l't t'nŁ in sŁti'tnŁ .- ,rccL c\rł.,tci'vl'Ą |'ł'^.wr srOY.ts e) There are two main points to consider when ] Lr.tevests - . l,oń' t,,tł|* Łt.t,ll'ąr'ts preparing for a job interview. ouł4citł- |tll.t:ł:;|,ti2 ski|is ,, ŁiW(' f) One important factor when deciding what to wear rwŁ,-,",.,iL|n. ^U^i|^L]|Ć ^^t' to an interview is to know whatthe dress code is at t- tne company. Now complete his covering letter using the g) First of all, find out as much as you can about the information in the notes. company. Dear Sir/Madanl h) Second, try to predict the type of questions you might be asked and also prepare questions to ask. I am writing to apply for WRITINC: coverins letter

2 Read the covering letter. Write the missing word as advertised in in each line.

1 Dear (0)A Sir or Madam I have been interested in outdoor actii,ities tor many (1)l writing to apply for the post of trainee journalist, years and in mv spare time I (2)you advertised in this morning's newspaper.

(3)l have always been interested current affairs and laman (4)local politics and I like the opportunity to report on them. (5)l am outgoing, confident person with gooc

(6)communication skills. In spare time I have also run I am available (7)the newsletter my university. student I look (B)l am available at time convenient to you for an you to discuss my application

(9)interview, where I look forward discussing my application. Yours faithiully,

24 @ worL Language 4.1 LEARNING LANCUAGES

VOCABULARY:language VOCABULARY: phrasal verbs (2) learning 2 wrlte the correct verb in each space. Change the '1 So-" students are talking about learning verb form if necessary. languages. Match one of these terms to each !entence. take pick catch fall keep let get

grammar foreign languages bilingual 1 My poor English often _ me down. native speakers slang accent dialect 2 l'm quick to _ on and learn new words. 3 She's currently behind the rest of the

c I ass. 'l want to learn street English, for example, the informal words that 4 My friend up languages really easily. people use with their friends.' - 5 l'm not fluent but I can _ by in French rvhen l'm travelling.

I suggest you _ up a new language in your 'l'm OK with the grammar, but when free time. I listen I find it really hard to understand the pronunciation of some native speakers.' 7 Sorry, but I can't up with you. Please speak more slowly.

'l like to try and talk to people PRONUNCIATION: linkin tvho were born in a country where English is the first language.' 3a When we speak in English, we often link a word ending with a consonant sound to the next word beginning with a vowel sound. Listen to these examples. 'l love to find out the way' language works and all the rules.' catch_up / | need to catch_up with my work. picks_up / She prcks_up languages quickly.

3b Now listen to these sentences. Draw the links between words. 'They are really hard to learn. \Vhy can't everyone just speak the same 1 | can't keep up lvith the class. language as me!' 2 Take uo a hobbv. 3 He catches on ivell. 4 She has a foreign accent. 'People with parents from different countries are really lucky because they can 5 l'm learning to drive a car. learn two languages from birth.' 6 Can I learn it easily?

3C Listen again and practise saying the sentences. 'lt isn't just the fact that their .iccent is different, but their English even .es different words and incorrect srammar!'

Language @ zs LANGUAGE AND TEXTING

GRAMMAR: futureforms I don't think people (use) SMS texting in the future. 'l there is one incorrect word in each sentence. B We've booked the taxi. He Correct or delete it. (pick) us up in the morning.

Eotng 9 My parents (sell) their house They're go to do media studies at university when and buy a boat! I don't think we can change their they finish school. minds. 2 l'm call you back in an hour. 10 A: When do you think we 3 People won't stopping travelling by plane in the (see) you again? future. B: I really don't know. 4 l'll probably to see you this evening.

5 We're going meeting at three this afternoon. PRONUNCIATION: contracted forms 6 She,|| going to join us at the Red Cafó.

-7 When will you returning from Beijing? 4a Listen to eight sentences. Circle the number of words you hear in each sentence. Count 8 Sorry, l'm not going to working here tomorrow so I can't help you. a contracted form (you,ll, l,m, we,re, ńe,s) as one word. 2 Find one example of the following in sentences -l: Sentence f) 7 8 9 1-8: Sentence 2: 5 o 7 B 'l a orediction about the future: Sentence 3: 5 C) 7 B 2 a decision made at the time of- speaking: Sentence 4: 4 5 o 7 3 an intention for the future: - Sentence 5: A 5 6 7 4 a fixed arranBement, plan or- programme: - Sentence 6: 4 5 6 7 3 Write the verb in brackets in the best future form Sentence 7: 5 6 7 (will, going to or the present continuous). 8 'l Sentence B: o 7 I q l've made a decision and I .a (apply) for a course in business. +D Listen again and practise saying the sentences. Don't forget to use the contracted forms. 2 They haven't made a decision yet but they think they (probably/ leave) 5 Underf ine the correct word, allow, permit or let tomorrow morning. in these sentences.

3We (meet) them outside the 1 Will your parents allow/let you go out tonight? concert hall at 7 p... 2 The law doesn't let/permit anyone under age to 4 A: We've got a problem because we don't have drink in a bar. enough people in the team. 3 My teacher won't allow/let me to go outside with my friends. l've got an idea! | (ask) my

friend Mike. He plays soccer. 4 When l'm on a diet I permit/allow mvself one ice 5A Do you want a game of tennis next week? cream once a week! Please note that smoking is not B Snrnr I (Bo) to Jamaica on let/permitted on holiday on Saturday. this flight.

6A: How do you intend to pay for it? Let/Permit me try to do it.

B: I don't know.

A: You could ask your father.

B: Cood idea. I (dol that.

26 @ Language EXTRA VOCABU LARY: 4 \\'hen vou learn a word for the first time, do you phrasal verbs for studying a lso ar rvrite its opposite (antonvm)? ! 6 ln each sentence, replace the words in bold with bl rvrite a word with a similar meaning one of these phrasal verbs. Write the verb with the (synonym)i ' ! pronoun in the correct position. c) try to make other words from it? tr rvrite up note down write out reao up on 5 Which technique do you use to revise ner,v words? read out f.oo*-ue a) Write them on snrall pieces of paper and I I don't know this word. l'll find it in my dictionary. test yourself. ! look it uo b) Choose seven new words and write a short 2 l'm going to put sentences on the board and l'd like story using them. ! vou to copy them in your notebooks. c) Try using them in sentences when talking to people in English. ! For homework l'd like you to complete the notes B Now answer the questionnaire for yourself. Irom todav's class in full.

.ł PabIo, Can you say your anSWerS for this exercise so .:: the class can hear? When we learn new words, any of the ideas in the I didn't understand everything in class today on questionnaire could be helpful. Why not try some the present perfect. I think l'll have to find out of the techniques you've never tried before? about it from grammar book at home tonight.

Listen to the tape and write down any important DICTATION rvords you hear. 9 Listen to a news report on text messages. LISTENINC Write in the missing words. New research figures show that / A teacher is using a questionnaire to ask a student about how she learns English. Read the This figure was up questionnaire and then listen. Tick the answers for ihe student. on May and beat the previous monthly record oi HOW DO YOU TEARN NEW WORDS?

I \Vhen you hear a word for the first time, do you _ One representative for the research company said that a' look it up in a dictionary? ltr ask to hear it again? ! c repeat it a number of times to yourself? tr She also predicted that i Do you write new words . That .r on cards? ! up by nearly b in a notebook? ! c on the board? ! -. \\'hen you write a new word in your rotebook, do you .-, translate it? ! :r rvrite it in a useful sentence? ! - rvrite a definition ? !

Language DISAPPEARI NG LANG UAGES

1 Underline the correct verb form to make first 3a r! ::rrli Two people from England are discussing conditional sentences. languages in schools. Listen and answer these questions. 1 lf the Bovernment spentispencls more money on language te.iching, forcign languages rvon't clie out. 1 Who could spend more money to help language

tcach i ng? 2 lf we teach languages in schools, there won't be/ i.sn't timc for subjccts like maths or science. 2 What rvill children need to be in the future?

3 Unless n'e rr.,i// ryork/n,ork harder, lve w,on't finish 3 What else could children learn at school? on trme. 4 What rvill cost more molrev?

4 If thev revise more, they'// pass/passed the exanr. 6l JD Listen again and complete the notes in the 5 Whcn I get/'llget to r,vork, l'll chcck mv diary. table below 6 lf we leave nolv, wc'll arriy,e/'re arriving on time. Arguments for Arguments against 7 lI vvon't cost/costs much if you book now. lf 1,ou 6on', ,"0.n There are more 8 You might learn nrore r,vorcls, ii you study/will study l,rngu,rges. theyl_ i mportant subjects I ike more. .1

2 Write the verb in brackets in the correct form to make first conditionals. In the future, children Language teaching in 5 1 | (see) vou tonight, unless vou will necd to be schools change vour mind. bilingual in order to

2 We'll eat when yor-r (.1rfl ve). you 3 You'll forget your French, if You also learn about Children don't need (noVuse) it. J other languages because 4 My daughter (start) work as il 6 doctor as soon as she's qualified. when vou learn another

r a n8uaSe. 5 No one r,vill help ,vou , if vou (noV ask). pnoNv*|-9|ĄTJ-oJ 6 ,n()l/comer il l'm not invitccl. &

7 What lvill you say, if 1'ou (see) 4a mark the intonation at the last word of each him? clause. Does it rise ź or fa|| ---rl

8 lf the school doesn't otfcr Frcnch, where 1 li r'r'e spend an,v nrore money, lvc lr'{rn't have anv (you/stLrdv) it? leti.

2 lf rve teach languages, thcv'll become bilingual.

3 Students vvon't havc tir.ne for maths, if we teacn English.

Wc clon't need to learn a language, if everyone else spcaks English. :, ./, ,:,::l

4b Now listen again and repeat. DISAPPEARING LANCUAGE

READIN 5 DoLrelas Bavnton thinks people are critical of ASL 9J lrecars': it's r,'erv stranBc and unusual.

5 Read about American Sign Language. Decide if 6 t)r Lir-r believes you can sa1,.1t tu.n in- ASL as vou these statements are true or false according to the , .rr in ( llincse article. 7 Thc stuclent in the- final paragraph Lrelieves people 1 People are I 00u1, certain that languages such as lvill understand Lhe lvorlcl as soon cls thev learn Frcnch and Cermarr rvill disappear in thc USA. A5L. - 2 One American universitv has too malrv students- for 6 Underline all the sentences using the first ils cour:es in ASL. conditional in the article. How many sentences can 3 ASL is easier to learn- than a foreign language. you find?

.ł one ASL student aIsrl benefited bv nleetirlg other- deaf people. - ENROLMENT IN SIGN IANGTJAGE CIASSES GROW

Some people believe that if more a beautiful language. I picked it that vou can have a language on nroney and resources aren't given up easily.' your hands is just very foreign.' to traditional foreign language ASL also uses space, gesture and Another student who has slowly classrooms in the USA, languages body language. lost her hearing since birth was such as French or Cerman might also surprised by the course. But critics reply that ASL is not die out. However, this doesn't 'Unless colleges offer these kinds equal to languages like Chinese. mean that all language learning of courses, deaf people will never Dr Lin, a professor of Chinese, ls in danger. More and more really be part of society. The comments that: 'lf ASL is equal to people are learning to speak with course also let me meet other traditional languages, it have their hands. will people in the deaf community. lt the same number of wclrcrs ano One professor al an American opened up a new world to me!' emotional range. In mv opinion, university reports: 'lf we offer it doesn't!' However, some people have Arnerican Sign Language (ASL), criticised the US schools offering But many ASL users say this is rl'e'll have enough students for American Sign Language. One untrue. As one deaf student said: three courses. We cannot keep up reason is because some colleges 'lf undersland and use sign rvith all the students who want to i'ou r'von't accept it as a language language, understand the take the courses.' you'll if you can't speak it. Douglas lvorld the same as in any other One of the students also says, 'l Bay'nton, an ASL professor at language.' iust thought Sign Language was University of lowa, says: 'The idea

Language 29 KEY LANGUACE: accepting and rejecting ideas; considering conseq uences

'l put the words in order to make correct sentences. -l 3 Use some of the words from sentences 1-8 in I about that don't knorv. Exercise 1 to complete this discussion. I wonder if we should offer Enslish lessons to st.tff I 'r: at lunchtime. What 1 will hapien ii rr,'e clo that ? 2 lf rve will that it do some cause oroblems. s: l'm afraid l Staff rvill rf complain that lve want them to rvork through their tree time. 3 y'ou right | 're think. c.: Yes, I l . Hor,v about asking them about having a class after rvork? ] 4 I rvould think work that. ł: I don,t . The problem that not evervone finishes work at the same time. s: Yes, 5 , it will also cause 5 I don't likc I afraid 'm ide.r thal some oroblems with rooms. We have other cclurses in the traininB rooms. ,ą: What about making it voluntary? So people can worth considering it definitely 's. choose. (, s; Yes, I think c: lt's definitelv worth considering. 7 | that not sure'm about. 4a You are a teacher in a school. Write B's part in this discussion using some of the Key Language 8 what if happen that do will. your "ve expressions and own words. n: I read a report that says if children learn a language from the age of four, it improves their intelligence. Do you think lve should introduce Spanish classes TRANSLATION for the younger pupils?

2 Translate the expressions in Exercise 1 into your language. Yes, I think you're right. Let's do that. And we could

1 also buy some computer programs for them to use durine the lessons.

2 Well, I agree that it will be expensive initially, but once we've bought the software we can use it with 3 the children year after year. And they like using the computers. I also thought rve could start an after- school Spanish club. We'd have games and songs 4 in Spanish for anyone interested. What do you th in k?

5 ,t: l'm glad you like the idea.

6 4b Now Iisten to the dialogue and compare your version.

'.

30 M Language -I STUDY SKILLS: WRITING: areoort describing tables and charts 3 Look at these charts from a report. Complete the 'l Underline the correct word to match each figure. paragraph below.

1 690/" = iust over/under two thirds Percentages of students learning foreign 2 31o/" = iust over/under a third languages in school. 3 19o/o = slightly less than a half/fifth

1 52o/o = just over a half /quarter FIVE YEARS AGO 3 75yo = exactly/just less than three quarters

6 24.7'/o = approximately/slightly a quarter I French = 55o/" 7 52o/o = more/less than a half Cerman = 18%

8 4oo/o = exactly two thirds/fifths ! Chinese = B%

9 99.9"/" = almost/exactly evervone ! Spanish = 19%o 10 91%o = well/a little over three ouarters

2lt',e chart shows feedback from 100 customers on a hotel's performance. Use fractions: a quarter/a half /a third/a fifth to complete the sentences in the THIS YEAR report below

French 35o/o Staff Facilities Room I = German = 97o Very satisfied 4B 34 JJ ! chinese = 17"/" Satisfied 32 25 Ę ! Spanish = 39%, Quite satisfied 15 t1 27

Ę Not satisfied tl -) -)

No opinion 0 t9 2 The two charts show

STAFF 1 Approximately the customers were very satisfied wi th the staff's performance. The Ianguage with lhe biggesl increase of 2 Nearly we re has been sat'isfi ed. In addition, Chinese has also FACILITIES 0y 3 lust over we re very However, the number of students learning French and sati sfi ed wi th the faci I i t'ies . L^- I td5 4 Exactly we re Dy and nine percent sati sfi ed. 5 Almost had no

op'l n'l on .

ROOMS 6 Exactl y of customers said they were very sati sfi ed and another not sati sfi ed. 7 Sl i ghtl y over oui te sati sfi ed.

Language lM31 Advertising

VOCAB U LARY: TRANSLATION a d je c t ive s, a d ve rt is in g 2 Translate sentences 1-10 into your language.

1 Writ" one of these words to comptete each 1 sentence.

action catchy grabbing exotic desire attention original strong catching persuasrve

1 This advert isn't attention-grabbing. We need something more noticeable and memorable.

2 Her picture on the advert makes it very eye-

3 Coca-cola@ has always been good at coming up with a sro8an.

Benetton adverts alwavs use 4 10 images of people. Sometimes they can be quite shocki ng!

5 For any advert to work, it must get the customer's PRONUNCIATION

6 An advert has to get your interest and create a Listen and underline the stressed syllable for the product. 3a in these words. 7 fhe final part of the formula AIDA is that the buyer persuasrve endorse takes attentron sro8an B I don't think manv TV commercials are . They've never convinced me promote effective to buy anything. sponsorsh ip logo 9 A good advert shows normal things in an commercial desi re and completely new way. exotic mislead ing 10 When I first saw the advert I thoueht it was about holidays on an beach but it 3b Now listen again and practise saying the to be about chocolate! turned out words.

-sŻ trt ĄoverT|s|n. VO CA B U LA RY: advertising methods 'l So." people are talking about different 2 Read the article about product placement in methods of advertising. Write the correct method films and choose the best answer for each statement after each sentence. a,borc. 1 When a new Bond film is made word-of-mouth TV commercials leaflet James endorsement poster radio spot a) only the film company benefits. side of bus b) not only film companies benefit. no 1 'l heard about it from my neighbour.' c) one benefits. The new Bond film 'There's one on the wall advertising the event. {) a) contains lots of vodka. on Tuesday at 7.' b) contains lots of product placement. 'l hate the way they come on and interrupt just when you're in the middle of a good movie.' c) contains lots of advens. All twenty companies have paid 'Someone just handed me this in the street. al $70m dollars in lola.. Normally I throw them away but this one is quite b) dollars per placement. i nteresti ng actual ly.' $70m c) too much money. 5 'Turn it up! | want to hear when the sale starrs. According to the article, some people don't like the new 6 'l wouldn't buy anything that he was promotingl' Bond movies because a) of the actor.

'Follow itl I want to write down the teleohone b) there is too much advertising. number at the bottom. Quick! lt's turning left.' c) of the poor advertising.

I,IEW BOI{D a place for products some of the authentic with advertisers because within a scene has Bond characteristics have of their appeal to the FIIM IS A become big business. So been sacrificed because young and old. The .GIAilT much so, that the latest of advertising. 60-40 male-lemale ratio ADUERT' Bond movie is, in some At a time when the among Bond audiences respects, one long advert advertising industry is also appealing to many for vodka, watches and is in a downturn, it advertisers. ca rs. seems surprising that But where is product Twenty companies wil companies are falling placement going? Experts see their products on the over themselves to pa; say it may not be too big screen, having paid such huge sums. But long before interactive between them $70m brand consultant Steve television and mobile (f44m) for the privilege. King said that such a technology link up. That is a record for strate8y makes sense. You will be able to buy product placement in 'One of the unique the watch straight from a feature film. And the things about cinema is lames Bond's wrist. As product placement is not its global appeal which advertisers continue to even particularly subtle. means advertisers get the pay ever larger sums for The release of another After driving BMWs in reach they cannot obtain the cachet of displaying lames Bond film is his last three films, 007 is elsewhere.' their goods, the lines always good business back behind the wheel of The last three Bond between advertising for firms outside the an Aston Martin. He has films have made more and entertainment are changed his vodka brand film industry as well as than $1 bn at the box becoming increasingly in. After over 40 years and ditched his Rolex office. Bond movies blu rred. of Bond films, winning watch. Some critics say are especially popular

Advertising @ 33 ADVERTISING

Advertisers prefer cinema because 6 lf our cars (have) our logo on the side, it would be a cheap form of advertising. a) it attracts more people than TV. 7 lf you put your email on the site, we b) people will see the products all over the world. (noilreceive) so many phone c) the fi lms are better. calls. reach an audience which is Bond films also I I probably (noVbuy) it, even if a) all generations and a high proportion of males. it was half the price. b) more women than men. EXTRA LANCUAGE: c) a higher proportion of younger people. first and second conditional The writer thinks it is becoming harder to know the difference between 5 Complete each sentence in the first or the second conditional with the correct form of the verb a) a TV show and a film. in brackets. b) an advert and product placement. -l Unless we spend more money on advertising, no c) something you enjoy watching and an advert one will know (know) about our new product. (knowl 3 Find words in the reading text that mean the 2 ttl your email address, following: I would write to you, but I don't.

you loct ) -l attractive special quality lf you buy this one, an extra one for free. 2 unique benefit 4 lf I bought this one, you 3 not obvious (give) me a two-year 4 a decrease guarantee? 5 part of the film 5 lf you promote our product, we (pay) you a million dollars. 6 not clear 6 What (happen) to our sales if 7 given up we used posters to advertise? 8 is attractive worldwide 7 lt we raise money for charity, it (be) good for the company's image. G RAMMAR: second conditional 8 What you (do) if they don't buy your product any more? 4 Write the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1 lf we had a choice, I (choose) product placement rather than a TV commercial.

2 lf they (have) more money/ they'd ask a famous celebrity to endorse it. 3 lt'd be cheaper if we (Bive) out leaflets on the street.

lf Sean Connery (be) available, we'd hire him. What (happen) if we advertised on the radio?

.|ć

,&. 134 Advertising

T VOCAB U LARY: advert because recent studies show US children are word combinations (fat) than ever before.

'l Another key request is to make TV advertising time Combine a word in A with a word in B. Use these to complete sentences, 1-8. I (short) - from the current ten AB minutes per hour down to five minutes. The group also wants adverts for adults to be broadcast advertising message --=_-.\-\ -t-- (late) in the day, when children junk managers are in bed. media analysis While TV commercials might be one of the IAST website (effective) ways of reaching interactive sums children, critics also sav the situation is made persuasrve target 7 (bad) because marketers are attractive food now reaching youngsters with an even (wide) range of media including vast food the Internet, cellphones and video games. Advertising managers are becoming more and more interested in how to attract the chilo And it isn't just at home where advertisers are consumer. heino 9 (persuasive) than ever. Find out more information about the toys Companies can sponsor teams at school and use in- online at the store's own school advertising. As one parent said, 'we can tell our children to be 1o (aware) of Advertisements 3 with a advertising but then our schools are giving them a tend to follow the formula of completely different messagel' AIDA.

-ł Now that there are more o|der peop|e with spare 3 Read the first sentence and then complete the time and cash, the 'grey consumer' has become a two sentences which follow with the correct forms r,tefy for of the adjective. advertisers. 1 The first advert is funny. The second advert is really J tells us fu n ny. that children influence 50 percent what of a family a) The first advert isn't as iunny as the seconcl buys. advert. 6 This is just b) The second advert is funnier tńan the first It's full fat, of salt and sugar. Throw it away! advert. I McDonald's and other 2 My country and Cermany have the same laws on restaurants are masters ot advertising to children. Sweden's laws are stricter. advertising to ch i ldren. a) Sweden has the laws of the 8 \,Ve've spent three countries. of money on TV commercials but I don't see any increase in sales! b) Cermany's laws are my country's laws.

CRAMMAR: comparison 3 Drink X is tasty. Drink Y is tastier. DrinkZ is as tasty as drink Y.

2 Read this text about advertising controls. Write a)YandZare drinks. each adjective in brackets in the comparative or .uperlative form. b) X isn't Y andZ - ie\v group of parents and politicians in the USA

.- norv asking for 1 (goodl rtrols on 'junk food' adverts. The group describes se as the 2 (worrying) type of

Advertising @l 35 ADVERTISING AND CHILDREN

j Lltt, " lltc t '"'':',, 5a when we speak, some words and syllables are'weaker'than others. Weak vowels have When you listen for specific information, reacl this sound: the questions first and try to predict the type of lal information you will be listening for. For example, if you are listening for a type of advert, think of Listen and mark the weak vowels in these sentences. some of the different types of advertising you know lal lal lal about. 1 Mark's as tall as Michael. 2 Coffce tastes better than tea. 4 ,tlt:. Listen to part of a meeting at an advertising 3 lt's a lot faster. agency. Complete the notes with the missing words. 4 We're sellers of sott drinks.

5 |s it as expensiveł

1 {M age.ną is v|annin4 5D Listen again and practise saying the ^ ^,^ sentences.

tt łoitl be sho^n Auvir,42 (ike 3 DICTATION

6 : ',:, yod< at this list of famous companies or {kt' ayurcg ltitt also Łkt coluvang vvowroŁo brands. Listen to their slogans and write them down. All the slogans include a comparative or superlative form. |n Łht cov,,tv,lurcia| theg łoitl ust a fawous so,óŁY Philios Electronics: 5 vtagt.t Ło of shoe. Du racell: t{e l^litt 11,:e.ar Łkt shoe nhich has Łkt b

Apple Conrputers kt tlrc t.nA of Łkt il'uę.'rŁ ŁIle v|age.r 1oi(l sag sowethi,,tg abouŁ Łht ?'ril,ucŁ t,ąkich 7 Pfizcr ph.rrmar eutic.rls:

Country Life butter:

Nescafe:

Ma ltesers (chocolates):

Disnevland:

Dodge Trucks

.)

36 @ Advertising KEY LANGUAGE: a presentation ?m?ose o| pveseuŁaŁion

1 H"r" are some typical phrases and sentences we ŁI*r' rc^ il,tlttŁisi,t,'4 use in presentations. Match each beginning, 1-1 0, G vwstnŁ 7tar,ts for with its correct ending, a-j. c^|Ą?^i!t/. o^ffi Ł|p |łtŁurwtt 1 Cood morning everyone 2 l'd like to introduce my colleagues.- 3 Our purpose today is to - Tout pavŁs to .vp,se'wŁaŁiow: 4 l'm going to talk about - oue,cvitln of the. tarytŁ uąa,rkń anA ntbsiŁos 5 The presentation is divided- into three parts. -

6 lf you have any questions. - v'ruuŁaŁiott of slo3ar,ts o^ - 't0^ ^1s 7 Please look at the screen. - B Now- - - 4uestiolts

9 So that brings us to the end of the presentation. I hope Desiąlt ot ba,,tnev a).s: 10 Thank -you very much for your attention. Are - - Łh'e coy^?^|Ą! colour 6i([ clL^^4L a) the new slogan. b) there any questions? - ŁIte letters o( ŁItt ltauwe 6ovtŁ cha,9t c) and thank you for coming. - Łkt. to3o ruitt o't sol.,te a),ue,'rŁs d) let me summarise our main points. - ^??L^,( e) First of all, this is Rachel Ceiger who works in Ma rketing. Ćosts

f) First, we'll be looking at the initial designs. |rcŁerłttŁ aAvevŁisin4 is l,,tor.e trvusivt ŁI,taw g) give our proposals for the new commercial. - h) you've found it informative. {..U l^ tevrn'ts o{ vvo)'u.cŁiow cosŁs i) Here you can see the schedule... .llto'(L Łiy,tt Ło goil, sites the j) we'd be pleased to answer them at the end of the - 3oL{ 'LLLA fil, for presentation. aAłurŁs 2 Listen to three extracts from the presentation. Tick the phrases or parts of phrases |wtt.rvwŁ aAvtvŁisin3 a[[o6ls gou to se[[ to you hear from Exercise 1. -

yĄow 3 Someone is making notes at the custou,ters c^t Lt^|v presentation but they have made some mistakes. Listen again and correct the notes.

Advertising 37 STUDY AND WRITINC SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS: using EXTRA VOCABULARY: vour dictionarv dependent prepositions 'l Look at these entries from the Longman Active 2 Categorise these words with dependent Study Dictionary. Use them to help you choose prepositions in the correct column in the table. answers to questions 1-6. look forward to enguiffi showon

CommefCe /konr::s $ kcr:m::rs/ n information about succeed in IU] thc activity- of bur ing ancl sclling horrified bY things in business complain about commercial'l,tonr:: lal $ -z.r- I adj complaint about problem with relating to thc buving ancl se lling of interested in tlrings end llith nraking nroncr-: //le apologise law against for .f ilnt u'as a cotnnercial success commerciallyadv + + + commercial2 n [C] rn verb adjective noun ltch'crtiscment on tclcvision or raclio: preposition preposition preposition Tl'connercinls + sec box at ADVERTISEMENT enquire about commercialized atso -ised BrE /konr::Jalarzcl $ -z:r-l adj disapproving too conccrnccl s ith nraking nronc\': '[he resorl is loo conncrcialized. -commercialism n [U]

How many different words can be formed out of the word commerce? a) Four b) Five c) Six N C a formal letter How manv of these words are nouns? WRITI : a) three b) four c) two 3 These sentences are from formal letters. Use a What type of rvord is commerciallyt? phrase from the table to complete each sentence. a) adjective b) adverb c) noun Change the form of the verb where necessary. What is the reason for the mistake in this question: 1 | rvish Io enquire about the range of services you much are able to offer. Please send details to... How nany commercialism is there in your country? 2 | am writing to request morc a) Because commercialism is uncountable. product I saw on your website. b) Because conrmercialism is countable. 3 | have recentlv watched the children's channel and c) Because conrmercialism is an .rdjective. I was the level of violence in all the TV programmes for children. Which word can vou use in front of commercial?. a) money b) selling c) TV 4 | am surprised that you are prepared to this kind of .rclvcrtisement Which syllable is stressed in the rvord commerce? television before most children a) first b) second c) third are in bed. Which syllable is stressed in the word 5 | am rvriting to the poor quality commercializecl?. of service I received at one of your shops. a) first b) second cl third 6 | recentl,v purchased a laptop from you but there Which nour.l is derivecl fronr comnrercializecl? appears to be a thc modem a) comnrercc b) commercialism c) commercial 7 | would like to the delay in this delivery and anv inconvenience you may have experienced. 8l hearing fronr vou in the near Iuture

::.

38 Advertising I @ Business

\ OCABULARY: business 3 Write the missing letters to complete these I i erb + noun combinations business roles. 1 lf the costs go up, it rvill be the c r/ s I o nr e r rlatch each verb in A to a noun in B. r,vho ends up paying mrtre. \B 2 Mv brother is a real e_t_e_ r_ n _ u _. '.1 rge vour stalt He can sellyou anything. '.t 3 Let me \e low wages introduce you to my business p _ r _ n _ r. 4 R i .r Ie high prices _ t_ _ e_ s are complaining that deliveries of our goods are too slow. i\ a profit Canyoucall thew_o_e a e andorder 'L'a k the law five nrore?

, oid a loss The items were already damaged when they left the rr est m_n_t_c_u_e_. Pay I n8 rue in thc local contmunity LISTENINC l Complete each sentence with a verb + noun nr bination. 4 A bank manager is talking to a .lcfore vou st.rrt Io charge high prices find out customer who wants to :i)out your competitors' prices. They may be a lot ,\\'ef. borrow money to open a shop. Complete the bank r the first )/ectr )/ou nc.ecl to be prepared to manager's notes. as you will h.tve m.rny ( )stS.

tax is not ,'conrnrendcdl fi,t coltsist ot a CĄJ ,ru vrtaisu shoulcl DCCa U Se A. SL{LLI CO{ttLY. our workers are important for your business. c|ienŁ sot',tc otŁh,(' C2) )nce you are established, trry ro fkt Ms . This will give you ke ttetAs. flnis i',rtules sov e. r o^L! (ror',t (artitg ricnty of good publicity ancl a feeling of helping aty,,tbł''rs. tie loitt also noel to sc[( rr'opte. c3J 'r ,ll\v.tys a bad idea to batąk rceAs Ło |uj, r. the Bovernment rvill find out in the end. f,kt CĘJ

\ou 69ulCl but this might |ytŁM C5J (or his vvo|iŁ anA 'rcan that you will lose staff. back abouŁ a [osse"s, he 7tar,r.s to 7ag l)on't expect to right cbJ a nonŁh rorn the start. lt may be two or three vears beiore ( )Ll see any reaI linanciirl rewłrcl. I xv|ailzA ŁkaŁ boŁh of his su7errn,tarktŁ cowptŁiŁors A|so ŁM C7J buŁ kt ir,Łt.n-As ^w Ło ot|tv lots of f{J to fa)

Business @ 39 BUSINESS DILEMMAS

I d) Tlris is particularll' trui-' rvhen tourism is , clestrovecl in .r coutrtrv bv a natural disaster.

1 put each sentence, a-g, into the correct place to e) So if journ.rlists ancl the nrcdi.l find out any complete the text about PR managers. intercsting, nervs altout their privatc lives it can also .rffect the conrpany. a) Thev u'erc giving the rvatcr to people u'ho rvcre injurecl. f) The wa\i (r conrpany manurfactures its products nright attr.rct criticism. b) Holr,'e'ver, it tttok sonre yclars for the comp..tlrv to change this inrage. g) Problenrs rvith thc people rvho rvork for 1'ou also oiten cause PR prttlllems. c) He or shc nrust clcfencl a llusilress rvhcn sonretthing gocs wronB rvhich mat' affcct the coml)anv. THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER and then the water rvas affecting Staff the local area, you would need -5 When Nerv York's Twin PR manager. This a highly-skilled Towers fell down on 9/11, a needs to make sure the - person member of staff at a Starbucks public doesn't stop lluyirrg general Coifec House rvas charging, proclucts. the conrpany's rescue workers for emerg,ency ('-This Gossip and Rumours bottled lvater. storY was passed around on the Internet and nreclia rumours can Gossip and was highly damaging. really damage a comp.rn,v and affect the brancl. Take the case of Scandal public relations The iob of the the international company which manager is a difficult one. Many celebrities often endorse rvas accused of being evil. Some 7 1- So, if the press finds out a company's products. people said it was working with the compan,v is doing something Similarl,v, news about financial the The started with a - 'Devil'! gossip in the company will unethical, for example, the PR 4 problems competitor and was untrue. to manager r'vill have to talk to mean the PR department needs journalists and convince customers - get busv. that they havc done nothing wrong Here are the main things that the PR manager must look out for: Acts of God These are the things which no human can stop. For examPle, when the we,rlher c.luses a crisis because of a hurricane or tornado, it may cause a PR disastcr. 2 Many people remember the famous- tsunami of 2005 rvhich hit countries such as Thailand. PR managers were working daY and night to save tourism. Business Operations

I For example, if you had a -factory u'hich rvas Putting chemicals or toxins into water

40 Business G RAMMAR: Past continuous pTo N u N

2 Underline the correct verb form, Past simple or 4a Listen and write in the missing words. Past continuous. 1 busy lvhen it rang. | 1 worked/was working late one evening at my desk 2 in another part of the building at home when I 2 noilced/was noticing that mv laptop 3 computer became/was becoming really hot. I J with you? + switched/was switching it off so it could cool down 4 He said while | 5 eat/was eating my dinner. 5 waiting for us? Then, rvhen | 6 began/vtas beginning to work ag.rin the computer did the same thing. | 7 just wondered/ 6 late as usual. was just wondering what to do when smoke started to 7 talking to someone. come out of the back of thc machine. I B threw/was throwing it out of the i,vindow into the swimnring I Yes, poor. 4b Listen again and underline the stressed The next morning, tried/was while le tryingto words or syllables in each sentence. Practise saying telephone I o the manufacturer I saw/was -seeing on the sentences. the TV news that the company 11 asked/was asking people to return the laptops because the batteries 1) were/were being dangerousl DICTATION

3 Write the verbs in brackets in the past simple or 5 Listen to a news report about a problem past continuous form. with a product. Write in the missing words. I I couldn't believe it when I (see) Here is the nelvs. Toda), the offer. The companv I (offer) free flights to customers who bought a vacuum clea ner after the US food l Lrom them. So lhe nerl dly I (go) satety authority said that customers had become ill straight to my nearest electrical store. When I reached a the shop, lots of other people At first the authoritv also/buy) vacuum cleaners to get their free tickets. since May s Finally, I (buy) mine but after a 2006. However, bv last night ,r e'ek | 6 (still/rvait) for the tickets 7 .l .o arrive in the post. Then | with the product code 2l.l u'ere dangerous. Public hear) on the news that thc company had made a big relations representatives from the food company ristake. Over 220,000 other people

(also/wait)for their tickets. In the One manager said that 9 'ncl lots of customers (take) the ano ()nrpany to court and we all lo {et) our tickets. They say it was one of the greatest -r.rrketing disasters of all time.

Business 41 BUSINESS ICONS

VO CA B U LA RY: business words READING

1 Write in the missing word. The first letter is 3 Put the sentences in given. the correct order in this description of the history 1 Using the Internet, I can virtually r_ the of the ltalian fashion house, whole company from my home. Gucci. Number them from 2 How much of a p_ did you m 1to8. last year? Guccio Gucci (1 BBl-1953) The next conference in Dubai lvill be a good He became president of the moment to I the new model. - company in 1989. Mv father tried to t_ his first company with After a few years of working only a hundred dollars. - for himself, he had built a 5 lf sales keep falling like this, we'll go b_ . reputation for his leather craftsmansh ip and accessories. 6 After six hours in the meeting we finally managed ton aqooclcontract. In 1953 the first overseas shop opened in New York City. Let's try and introduce this p_ to an older - type of customer who would never normally buy Following a series of legal computer Bames. - and family problems, the company was sold off in 1993. TRANSLATION Cucci opened his first shop '1920. 2 Translate the sentencesl-7 in Exercise'l into in Florence in your language. Later, Cuccio's four sons

1 helped him run the firm. In the same year Cucclo died and he never saw the Gucci empire spread around the world.

His grandson, Maurizio 5949-1995), took over .l - the business in the 9B0s and enjoyed great SUCCCSS.

4 Listen and check your answers.

EXTRA VOCABU LARY: word building

5 Complete this table with the correct forms of the words.

verb noun person

l manage manaSement 2manager

3 manufacturing 1

compete J b

B emproyer

9 l0 advertiser

l1 suppry 12

:

ź A.,) -1L @ Business T 6 Complete sentences 1-12 with words from the CRAMMAR: pastperfect table in Exercise 5.

1 My father is the of a large 7 Complete the information about the company which produces furniture. He's worked entrepreneur Alan Sugar. Choose the correct verb there for over twenty years. form, past simple, past perfect or past continuous.

2 Manv countries moved their SIR ALAN SUGAR industries to Asia at the end of the last century and (1947-) concentrated on service industries. The British entrepreneur 3 What skills would you (1) was born/had been say you have? For example, are you good at born on 24 March, organising teams of people? 1947 . His falher (2) had I saw your for sales staff in the been/was being atailor Iocal newspaper. but after Sugar (3) was Ieav i ng/ h ad /eft school We'll need to ten more aged 1 6, he (4) started/ people to work in the shop for the Christmas had started selling period. products I ike cigarette It's important to know who your lighters and TV aerials. (5) are when you go into ln 1968 he founded/had founded a home electronics company called Amstrad and while he business. Find out what thev offer and how vou (6) can be better than them. had launched/was launching the new business, he married his wife, Ann. Can you ring the and order three more printers? His big success was with a home computer product in 1985. While other companies (7) were selling/had .l We parts for cars at this so/d computers for over a f ,000 or more, Amstrad I factory. suddenly (8) launched/had launched a computer with 9 The government's latest cheap components for only f300. During the 1990s (9) figures show more people are in work than ever he ńad moved/ moved into other areas of business before. and now, with an estimated fortune of f760 million, he has his own TV show. 10 Where do you think we should our latest product? B Writ" the verbs in brackets in the correct form. past perfect or past simple. 11 They sell 90 percent of their goods in this country but they also retailers in three 1 After we (be) in business for a other countries. yeaĘ We made our first profit.

12 With over 30 factories in over twenty countfles, 2 Before she (start) this company, they are probably the biggest she'd worked for three years in the fashion industry. of sportswear in the world. 3 The company (close) in 2005. 4 They (plan) to launch the new software before last October, but problems delayed the official launch dare. 5 By the time he celebrated his twenty-first birthday ne tmake; his first million and he then (go) on to create a worldwide brand.

Business@ 43 SCENARIO: Sunglasses after dark

KEY LANG UAG E: negotiating PRONUNCIATION EXTRA: stressing a key word ,| ł supplier in the USA is ca||ing a company in ltaly. Listen to the telephone conversation and 3a Sometimes we stress one word in a answer the questions. phrase to add emphasis. Listen to the phrases below and underline the word or syllable with the main stress.

1 l'm afraid he's out.

2 That will be really difficult for us. 3 We're thinking of placing a large order. 4 That sounds great!

5 l'm so sorry but I can't. 6 Hoiv many would you like? 7 Did you say a hundred? 1 Where is the caller based? 8 Can you deliver bv tomorrow?

Listen again and practise saying the 2 Where did he find out about Prima's oroducts? 3b sentences.

4 Read the clues and write the words in the table. 3 What kind of company does the caller work for? 1 This is the amount you want. 2 The noun form of 'to pay'. 4 What is he particularly interested in? 3 Something that's at a much lower price than normat. 5 Horv many does he want? 4 The supplier gives you this when you Bet 10"/" oft the normal price.

6 Whv is that.r problem? 5 Everyone wants to 'make' this with money.

6 This refers to how the goods arrive and by lvhen.

7 What is the advantage of ordering a large amount? 7 lf this is widc, your customers will appreciate the choice.

8 This person sells the goods. B What does the c,rller offer? 9 You need to 'place' this with the supplier.

2a On" word is missing from each sentence. Write it in. l woulcl 1 How many A you like to order? 2 We are thinking placing a large order. 3 l'm afraid would be a bit difficult. 4 What about we paid earlier? 5 How you feel about that?

6 Let check if I understand you. 7 Would you able to do that? B That fine.

2b Listen to the telephone call again and - check your answers.

:44 Business

I STUDY SKILLS: formal and informal

'l match the formal words, 1-B to the less formal words a-h with the same meaning. lf you w,ant to r,r'rite an email but you don't know how formal you should be, think about: 1 enqu ire a) can't r Who the email is to? (How r,vell do you know 2 inform b)want them?) 3 delighted c) ask about . How formal was their last enrail to you? Write back in a similar style. 4 am unable d) happv . lf it's the first time you have written to someone, 5 wish e) sorry be safe and write more formally rather than less formally. 6 apologise f) rell

7 assistance g) ask 3 The email below is too informal. Rewrite it using 8 request h) help more formal language.

2 Here are two emails, one formal and one Hi customer! informal. They are mixed up. Separate the emails and write them in the correct order. Dear customer

I would be delighted to meet you next week. Just a quick email to tellyou about a change on our website See you there.

Shall I bring anything? {Hvffimith It's great news because now you All the best can order on line. With reference to your previous email... Cood to hear fronr you. HiJake Yours sincerely The party sounds great l'd love to come. lf you wish, I would also be happy to give you a tour of the factory. Email me back if you need any help w'th I look forward to seeing vou.

Dear Mr Sntith

Speak to you soon.

All the best

Business 45 Design

VOCABULARY: word 2 Match an adjective from the box to the pictures. building, adjectives futuristic elegant mass-produced streamlined traditionał retro 'l Ute a form of the word in bold to complete sentences 1-'10. hand-made innovative design

'l He works as a for an engineering firm. science 2 Einstein probably made the biggest breakthrough of the last hundred years. traditional manufacture 3 We're the largest of paint in Europe. produce

4 Let's stop now. That was a very meeting.

use 5 This website is very -friendly. develop

6 Have you seen that new housing It's so ugly. innovate

7 To solve this problem I need you to come up with some really new ancl ideas. invent

8 H is latest is a car which runs on air! art

9 Michelangelo is tfie everybody has heard of.

enSrne

10 l'm an for an oil company.

; , 46 M Design wrup-sl:: fil 'l Writ" the correct ending to complete these 3a ,rr,',:r', l Listen to three designers discussing ideas abstract nouns. and answer the questions. -l 'l Streanrlining originally evolved through the design What kind of device are they talking about? oi lroats and aircral't

2 The bright colours and shapes in clcsign were a 2 Which materials have they mentioned? rcsponse to the new opti_ in the country after the war.

J The old traditions and styles lvere replaced with the 3 What different shapes have they discussed? need ior moderni_ in design. 4 Television advertising was partly responsible for mass consume 4 Why should they test different versions?

5 For many years people didn't realise the damage done to the environment by industrialis 5 When is thc launch? 6 Creater efficien in this factory would help to recluce the costs. 3b Listen again and complete the notes from 7 Ergono_ is the study of the ways in which their meeting? a cJesign can be nrade easicr to use.

8 Recy- is onc nrajor factor affecting modern y'otes oyt1,!.Lb ),ui4ut rr,tusic designs and consumer taste. fov Vlagu: ovugowe. agtu). Łl^^Ł iŁ ntt( be: 9 Designers need to keep up with the latest (4) vera so it aror,r't bveak nhik ptople. Art U- L T technological innova_ . ca,rvgin3 iŁ a,rouw),. CLJ vtoŁ u,.aA,t, of buaust it's too ke.avg. C3J v,til,e. o{- anj,i,,,. (ots of Aitfr'tewŁ 2a ;,l,,, Listen to six of the abstract nouns in colours. Exercise 1. Which syllable is stressed? Tick the fkwt Aisag'ruwtnŁ outv Łh.ę. CŁJ correct stress pattern below. if it is ^asvuŁaęu|at iŁ wi4kŁ look [ike a|t Łke 1 ooO oOo oool coyu'pe'tiŁovs, [5J buŁ olt Łke oŁktt kanA 2 Oooo oooO oOoo clstoruevs catt usi|g vuŁ iŁ itt Łkt.k CbJ 3 oOoo ooOo Oooo kcŁior' v|an: a CTJ awj. Łt.sŁ Łktv,ą ott .4 oooOo Ooooc-r oOooo -Mab ttn [,Aofu ŁkaŁ ne lni|| r.uA Ło c!rcck i{ theres 5 'oll"st11,'tŁ\.s. OoOoo ooOoOoo oOoooOo tt,touĄh Łiwę, betow. v tovr ŁosŁiu\/ r ŁM C3J 6 oooO oOocr Oooo ntrŁ svvin4.J

2b r...i,li;,, i Llsten again and practise saying the words.

Design 47 DESIGN THROUGH THE AGES

CRAMMAR: modals 5a Choose the correct modal verb from 'l--10, a, b or c, to complete each gap in the following 4 Look at these pairs of sentences. Choose from discussion. the phrases below to complete sentence b with the A: The material for this 1 a be very strong. We same meaning as sentence a. don't want it to break while people are carrying it arou no. 's possibly B: That's right. We 2 _ use metal because it's isn't advisable too heavy. C: Yes I agree. lf we use a strong plastic, we 's possible 3 make it in lots of different colours ano isn't possible it's also possible to make a rectangular shape. 1_ 's important A:Why rectangular? lt look like all the competitors' designs, does it? | think we 's advisable 5 _ try to come up with something new. We 6 make circular players, for example, 's essentia I _ or star-shaped players. aren't able B: True, but we 7 _ produce something 'l a) This new kind of material could be useful for which people 8 _ easily carry. The classic all sorts of things. rectangular shape works because it's easy to put in vour oocket. b) This new kind ol material's possibly useful for C: Well, we 9 _ design a few versions and test all sorts of things. tnem on consumers. 2 a) We can't use toxic chemicals. A: No, we can't because we don't have enough time before the launch next spring. b) We to use toxic chemicals. B: I know, but we 1o launch it until we're 3 a) | think we should make them in pink. ready otherwise it won't sell. b) lt to make them in pink. 'l a) must D/ Can c) doesn't have 4 a) The shaoe has to be smooth to b) t that the shape is smooth. 2 a) don't have to b) shouldn't c) couldn't 5 a) In my opinion, it must be user-friendly if we 3 a) have to b) must c) can want people to buy it. 4 a) doesn't have b) mustn't c) shouldn't b) In my opinion, it that it's to user-friendly so people will buy it. 5 a) should b) don't c) nave a) We shouldn't use any chemicals. have to

b) lt to use any chemicals. 6a) cou ldn't b) must c) could a) lt couldn't break, could it? 7a) don't have to b) mustn't c) couldn't

b) lt for it to break, is it? 8a) can t o, can c) flave to B a) We should test them on customers. 9a) have to tl) must c) can

b) lt to test them on 10 a) shou ld br shouldn't c) couldn't customers. sb Now listen again and check your answers. 9 a) We can't sell them unless it is the right product.

b) We to sell them unless it is the right product.

10 a) We can test them on our staff. b) lt to test them on our staff

48 C RAMMAR: present deduction 2A She can't be in the office. No-one has seen her. 'l B It's that she's in the office. Vatch a phrase 1-6 to each picture a-f. l'm sure this isn't the latest model. 1 lt must be fast! B be the latest 2 lt can't be real. This model.

3 This can't be mine! Maybe it's an original, but l'm not certain.

4 She might be feeling ill. B It be an oripinal. 5 That could be dangerous. A This design isn't by da Vinci because it's from the 6 lt must be a Picasso. seventeenlh century.

B This design be by daVinci because it's from the seventeenth century.

6A l'm sure she's feeling tired. B She _ be feelins tired.

They could be in a meeting.

B thev're in a meetinp. a) b)_ BA Rona must be having a few days' holiday. B l'm _ Rona is havinq a few davs' holiday.

D ICTAT IO N

3 Listen to a short lecture on design in the twentieth century. Write the missing words. c) d)_ in design began in the - nineteen thirties. increased the of transport and this influenced the Consumers wanted Later in the sixties,

of the period and the rise of the throwaway society. The period saw e) 0_

2 Look at these pairs - of sentences. Choose from and design. Later in the century, the words below to complete sentence B with the there was a reaction against the throwaway culture same meaning as sentence A. There is one extra rvord. and Designers knew they can perhaps not possible must must and products with a focus on durability. can't can't certain might

1 A This is definitely one of the classic designs of the last century.

B This be one of the classic designs of the last century.

49 A LIFE OF DESIGN

READING According to the article, which innovation 'l uses no chemicals? - 2 uses very few chemicals?

To help you, first read all the questions, then ALL 3 helps you breathe more easily?- the text and look for the answers to the questions. 4 is comfortable to sit on? -

5 looks like other similar designs?- 4 Read about three innovations in design. Match one design, A, B, or C, to each question, 1-10. 6 can make many other objects? - 7 might you walk on? -

8 might you walk in? - - GREEN DESIGNS 9 is produced in a place that is also environmentally friendly?

10 was designed- for something else? OF THEYEAR! - At Eco-home magazine we must see hundreds of great innovations every year but we can't give prizes to all of them. After days of discussion, here are the top three for this year.

DESIGN A: Most innovative DESIGN B: Best innovation in DESIGN C: Design Team of the Year furniture of the year houses Eco-home's final award goes to Nike3 The winner in this category was lf you walk through the area of Considered team. As a sub-group Zelfo Australia's Peanut Chair. lt Segrate in Milan you could find of Nike, the aim of the team is to is made 100 percent from Plant that the air smells fresher than in create an athlete's shoe which uses material with no glue, so it cares most other cities. That's because the less energy, produces less waste, for the environment as well as the road in the city centre is covered in and is made with fewer chemicals. owner. Zelfo is the name of the concrete which cleans the air. ltaly's lts latest shoe Ihe Soakeris an company and the name of the largest cement maker, ltalcementi environmentally-friendly shoe but material they use to make all their first discovered the cement when it still with classic Nike design. lt also products. The material combines made a concrete for a new church contains 95 percent fewer chemicals plants and paper and provides an in Rome. The idea was to design than many other athletes'shoes. alternative to the chemicals and a chemical to keep the cement plastics in most types of furniture. clean. They discovered that it could Zelfo uses no chemicals and its also clean the air around it. The factory in Australia recycles as much company is certain that if |5 percent of its water as possible, with no of all buildings had this cement, air toxic waste. Zelfo is also currently pollution could fall by 50 percent. used in the oroduction of musical instruments and toys. You might even be wearing their sunglasses in the future!

50 M Design KEY LANGUAGE: EXTRA VOCABULARY: describing qualities describing shapes

3 Match the correct description to each shape.

triangle circle square sphere rectangle cube

'l a fn" speaker is introducing a new product. Put the presentation in order from 1 to 7. Which product is the speaker describing? Today l'd like to present this new design. However, the elegant handle is made completely of metal. Cood morning everyone and thanks for coming. Because of this, one of the best points is that it's 4 Writ" the correct adjective for each of the shape unlikely to break when you use it. nouns in Exercise 3. l'd expect that it would appeal to anyone who 1 triangle (n) triangular (adj) enjoys a glass of wine with their dinner. - At f5.50 it's excellent value for money and... 2 circle (n) - _ (adj) As you can see it looks very similar to the old 3 square (n) - _ (adj) wooden design. 4 rectangle (n) - _ (adj) 1 b Listen and check vour answers. 5 cube (n) - _ (adj) 6 sphere (n) - _ (adj) PRONUNCIATION: stressing words for emphasis 5 Now use one of the adjectives in each of these sentences. 2a Listen to these sentences and underline 'l lt has a _ point which writes on the paper. the stressed words or syllables. 2 The area is one hundred metres in total. -l It looks very slylish. 3 lt was a long time before the first people discovered 2 It has several qualities. that a _ shape would be useful. Nowadays, it's hard to imagine life without the wheel! 3 That's a special feature. 4 There's a small wooden box on my desk 4 It has a metallic base. which has pens in it. 5 It's excellent value for money. 5 The measurements of the box are 3 cm x 3 cm x 6 It's made of a strong plastic. 3cm. So it's 27 centimetres in total. Football in England 2b Listen again and practise saying the uses a _ ball but a sentences football in the USA is a different shaoe.

51 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS: editing and proofreading

'l nead this email and correct ten mistakes. There is one mistake in each line.

U dear Ray

I write about the attachment you sent with WRITINC: a report the two desines. I really like the first one 3 Underline the correct linkers in these sentences. which is made of wood.lt looks like very 1 You can set the morning alarm with this switch. stylish but not very functional the second Also/As a result it lets you wake up to the radio if might to be better because it's easy to use but you want.

it isn't very inovative. How about combining The price is very competitive at f 120. Although/ Consequently it will be attractive to a wide market. the appearance of first and the practicality of It only comes in black so it looks rather boring. On the second? Please sending me your new the other hand/Moreover it's very light and easy to carry. design by thursday. Everything is automatic so the owner doesn't need Natalie. to touch anything. However/As a result it's easy for anyone Io use.

The battery lasts for six hours. Moreover/ consequently, it only takes about one hour to fully recnarSe.

Although/Also it has a traditional appearance, the technology inside is the most up-to-date on the TRANSLATION market.

2 Translate the corrected email in Exercise 1 into 4 writ" a suitable linking word or phrase in each your language. space to complete this paragraph from a report about two laptop computers. 1 there are a number of similarities between the two models, the X920 is far more stylish than the Zastra0Ol . 2 , it is 2kg and 3 much lighter than the Zastra00l which is 3.9ke. a the Zastra has longer battery life and 5 has a built-in webcam. b , I would strongly recommend the X920 for our purposes.

52 @ Design l

Education

8.1 EDUCATION ISSUES

VOCABU LARY: education a) your best, that's all that matters. b) in the essav todav. 1 Write in the missing words. The first letter is c) the place at the university I wanted. given. d) for today's test. 1C education is when you have to Bo to school. e) mistakes. 2 You pay fees for p education, f) the whole course!

3H education allows you to 4 Complete the gaps in the article about single sex continue studying when you leave school. education with the correct word, a, b or c. -1 A child's first school is called o school. SINGLE SEX SCHOOLING 5C assessment ls a technique for HELPS GIRLS LATER IN LIFE monitoring a student's progress over a long period.

6 Children are aged between I1-l6 at school in the UK.

7N or kindergarten is where children go before they start school.

TRANSLATION

2 Translate 1-7 in Exercise 1 into the equivalent terms for education in your country. Educational researchers have studied 'l 3,000 females I '1958. born in They looked at girls who l- to single l and mixed-sex schools and found that girls who l 2- ar single-sex schools are more likely to 3-

-.t traditionally male subjects such as maths and physics. j This helps them to a- jobs in typically male- dominated professions. In fact, when both boys and ) girls were 5- separately they were more likely to 6 courses not normally associated with their sex. -However, there was no evidence that girls in single- VOCABULARY: studying sex schools 7- more progress academicall'y.

3 Match the two halves, 1-6 with a-f, to complete :1e sentences. 1a) went b) took c) learnt ' I didn't get _ 2a) tauBfit b) made c) studied

I \1r'teacher says I have to retake _ 3a) take b) revise c) fail ',\ ' e have to hand 4a) appry b) get cl make : .he never makes - 5a) handed in b) graduated c) ta uBht : \. long as you do- _ 6a) revrse b) teach c) 00 stai'efl up all night revising 7a) did b) made c) 80r - Education @ 53 MONTESSORI

VOCABULARY: words READINC from the lesson 3 Read the article and complete this summary. 1 Underline the correct word. words from the article. Pott Rorv First School has given every l_ a 1 Our teacher has a very friendly/unfriendly 2 approach to the class. Everyone feels relaxed in so that they can have their -l his lessons. outside. This is because the a believe that the s The class has a very outgoing/easy-going children better and work harder in the atmosphere. The students were all smiling and 6 . Both 7 and 8 think it is joking. a sood idea and the children are much 9 and I remember a maths teacher who used to make more 1o about school. you stand if you made a mistake. He was very strict/informal. Anyone in my class who isn't punctual/informal in the morning will have to stay one hour extra after school. Our teacher always comes to class strict/well prepared. She must spend hours planning her lessons.

I never get bored in my English classes. The teacher is interesting and the lessons have a fast speed/pace. Her approach to learning is probably common/ unique. I don't know anyone who does anything OUTDOOR LESSONS like it. TO HELP LEARNING 8 Children should be given positive encouragemenl rather than criticised /complimented. A primary school has given its pupils'all-weather' school uniforms so they can have lessons outside, 2 Complete the sentences with words or phrases even in the rain. Pott Row First School wants to from the lesson. The first letter is given. provide half of all lessons outside in the next two 1E is the years. first 6 or 8 years of children's education. The headteacher, Miche||e Petzeą said the idea 2 You have h began when her teachers noticed that the children at a college or university found it easier to concentrate out in the fresh air. rather than a school. 'We realised the children worked much better and were happier if they had been outside during 3 Most i nstitutions nowadays prefer dayJ said. Staff if the c to the she would comment that mid-year exams to assess students' progress. children hadn't been outside, perhaps because it had been raining,they wouldn't listen so well in As a precaution against the violence among 4 class. young people, we should increase the years of 'We realised that it is essential for the pupils to have the opportunity to play outdoors no matter There are wonderful job opportunities for science what the weather conditions. As a result we have I purchased raincoats for every single pupil in our His score is under average so the examination school.' board has f him. Mrs Petzer said staff and parents had been extremely supportive of the idea.'A number of parents have said how much happier their child is and how they are so enthusiastic about coming to school,' she said. s4 @ Education C RAM MA R : defining relative clauses 6 Wnicn sentences don't need a relative pronoun? Which sentences must have a relative pronoun? -l-5. 4 Write the missing relative pronouns in Write a pronoun if necessary. 1 All students are individuals need soecial / who attention. 1 Students A miss school sometimes fail their exams. 2 The school I study at is 2 Maths is a subject _ is often difficult for a mixed-sex school. many people. 3 Speak to the teacher is in charge of sports.

3 Maria Montessori is someone ideas have 4 Children read with their parents for 30 minutes a had a huge influence on modern education. day at home do very well at school.

4 This is the university _ | got my degree. 5 This isn't the homework I did.

5 In my country most people graduate _ they 6 The bag I left in the classroom is brown. are about 21 or 22 years old.

5 Combine the two sentences using the relative PRONUNCIATION pronoun in bold. 7a Read these words. Which word or 1 He's a professor. He works at a university in underlined London. syllable has a different vowel sound? 'l a) who do 5 a) mixed b)go / b) sinsle He3 a proiessor who works at a universitv in c) true c) life London. d) who d) strict

Exams are a requirement. They take place every a) friendlv a) exam summer. b) when b) than c) test c) retake which d) real d) an a) late al wnere b) fact b) air c) grade c) oreoared A teacher is a person. His or her job is to show ol pace d) universitv students how to learn, as well as what to learn. a) revise a) teach whose b) orimarv b) degree c) time c) thesis d) Paid d) when

The mid-morning break is a period in the school 7b Now listen and check your answers. day. Pupils relax and change classrooms. Listen again and practise saying the words. when

Crades are marks. They are often given for homework. that

Nursery is a kind of playschool. Children aged 1-5 8o there. where IS UNIVERSITY WORTH !T?

READING 2 Fincl a word in the text which means the same as the following: 'l Complete each part of the reading about 1 A common but untrue belief: myth distance learning with a heading (a-f) below. There Something that looks genuine but isn't: is one extra and incorrect heading. 2 Officially recognised or approved (school): a) Distance learning credits don't transfer to other 3 colleges. 4 Fasl or speeded up: __ b) Online schools are faster and easier than traditional 5 The ability to change: school s. 6 Conrmunicate with: c) Distance learning schools aren't as good as traditional schools. 3 Read the text again and decide if these statements are true or false. d) Distance learning is cheaper than traditional learn ing. 1 The courses at many online universities are equal to any traditional university. e) Accredited schools always offer a good education. 2 Employers actually prefer -degrees from online f) Employers won't accept degrees from distance unrversrues. _ learninp universilies. 3 Qualifications from schools which are officially approved won't necessarily mean much to anyone.

Make sure your course is with a recognised educational body.

The main benefit of- online learning is that it can fit your way of working and requirements. - by your country's educational bodies. Always check with them first to avoid studying for an unrecognised rhe Five MythS oualification. of Distance Learning Myth 5: While some online students choose accelerated courses, others select schools that let tnem Myth 1: online do their work slowly, over a longer period of time. Online universities can offer as good an education Just like traditional schools, some online institutions as any traditional school. You just have to choose the are known for being easier and others are known for right online course. Many of these now allow students being harder. Flexibility is key in the world of distance to interact with expert teachers and learn through the learning and the majority of online courses can change I nternet. to fit your needs. Myth 2: While this may be true of cheap schools or 'fake' schools, degrees from properly accredited schools are accepted by employers in the same way that traditional degrees are accepted.

Myth 3: Qualifications from accredited online schools will be accepted by traditional institutions in the same way that grades and qualifications from 'regular' colleges are acceoted.

Myth 4: Anyone can claim to be an accredited agency, and many do. However, in order to be widely accepted, your degree needs to come from a college approved

56 @ Education C RAMMAR: relative clauses 5 Rewrite these sentences with relative clauses to make them interesting. 4 Choor" a relative clause, a-g, to add extra 1 The dos was black. information to each sentence. See the first example. 1 Online universities, d) can offer as good an The man was 68 years old. education as any traditional school. 2 On the lnternet, students can interact with expert teacfrers . 3 The school was outside the town. Students -often choose online courses, and they can choose to work quickly or slolvly. - 4 My old nraths teacher was called Mr Smith. Students often prefer online lcarning to face-to- face learning.- The classroom had 30 desks. J Many online courses also have message boards and 5 forums, as well as having video lectures.

Online learning,- is now considered to be equal 6 The house is at the end of the road. to face-to-face learn- i ng. 7 Ellie Hathar,vay, s;rys that shc en joyed it more 7 The film was interesting. lhan the traditionr- I l) l)e ol coursc. a) rvhich offer greater flcxibility, b) rvhere vou can interact r'vith other online learners, PRONUNCIATION c) whose jobs prevcnt them fronr travclling to lcctures, d)ffi, 6 Put the missing commas in these sentences. '/ ,, '1. e) rvhich in the past was regarded as poor qualit,v 1 My school A which won an award last year A is a ed ucation, secondary school. f) rvho are highly qualified 2 Mr Sanders who runs the maths department is my favourite teacher. g) rvho recently completcd an online course, 3 The library which was built in I B0B has over

t:'l:::' t.::,." .. ': 't"' ::. 50,000 books.

4 My university which is one of the nrost modern in Add relative clauses to your writing to the country is famous for science and research. make it more interesting. For example, look 5 The students who were demonstrating against the at how you can make this sentence more Covernment cuts in education walked peacefull;, interesting for the reader: through the city centre. 'The house was on the hill.' ------> Listen to each sentence and notice where 'The house, which many people said was evil, 7a the speaker pauses. For was on the hill.' example: My school / which w,on an arvard last year / is a secondarv school.

/ D Listen again and practise saying the sentences with the pauses.

Education @ 57 SCENARIO: Trouble at lakeside

EXTRA VOCABU LARY: KEY LANGUAGE: describing facilities discussing possibilities and options

1 Writ" the correct word or phrase in each 3 Complete each sentence with one of these sentence-l-7. words.

spacious well-stocked break down way what now advantage ways standard state-of-the-art outstandtĘ things thing options well run -l There are several of dealing with this. 1 This college has outstanding, teachers who 2 We have a number of to choose from. all have degrees from famous universities. 3 The of this solution is that it's fair for 2 lt's a library with all the books everyone. you need. 4 Let's see, what other _ can we do? 3 These classrooms are very with plenty of room. 5 The best _ forward is to ask everyone what they think. 4 How often do the comouters 6 Decidine to do next is important. 5 This is our multimedia centre. It was installed just last month. 7 So, the next _ to do is improve the compurers. 6 The teaching is good, but administratively the 8 What we've got to do is restock the colleg,e isn't _ library. The of lecturins doesn't seem as hieh as the brochure claims. 4 Complete the dialogue with five of the sentences in Exercise 3. DICTATION n: So l've looked at the student feedback on these survey forms. I see that everyone was critical about the library. Listen to this advertisement for a college. 2 B: Yes, it's clear that 1 Write in the missing words.

Where are you thinking of studying this year? Come to I agree. Then there's the issue of the remarks about Riverside College a certain teacher. B: lt's a problem and 2 . One wav is to ouestion him first Our 99 percent pass rate, about the comments or perhaps we should observe one of his lessons. A: I think observe him first. 3 in the country. You'll involved. be amazed a: Right. l'll arrange to Bo into the lesson next week. The views about the self-access centre weren't bad. time. You'll enjoy A: No, students seem happy with access to and newspapers, books and so on. Though there were a media facilities. few complaints about the computers. And B: Yes, well, I agree that they are all old. there's our A: 4 . Call us now on B: Yes, to do that and find a better lnternet provider. l'm not at all happy with our current service. for a free brochure or ,c: What about this last point on the survey about tutorials? Over half the students have reouested more individual time with their oersonal tutors. B: Yes, I saw that. Well, we can't do much about it until the next staff meetins. And I think 5 It's quite possible that the tutors will agree without any disagreement. STUDY SKI LLS: readins stratesies Hi Mrs Adamson 'l match the terms skimming and scanning to these We thank you for your letter asking about our definitions. courses. I am happy to send you this year's a _ is reacling in order to find key words or brochure with full details of our summer specific points in the text programme.

is reading to get the general idea of a As you will see from our brochure, we have over text. one hundred courses for you to pick from and feel 2 Look back at the text about distance learning on sure you will find something good for you. Please page 56 and answer the following: take time to read all course descriptions and note Skimming: the timetables and course lengths summarised at the back. Details of fees are also put inside. 1 How many myths are there? lf you wish to sign up, please note that you can 2 What does the text compare? now do so at our website: www.summerschools. 3 ls the author arguing for or against this type of com/enrolments lea rn ing? Should you need any more information about our Scan n i ng: courses, please don't wait to contact me. We look 4 What is true of 'fake' schools? fonruard to hearing from you. 5 What is key in the world of distance learning? Best wishes 6 Who should you check with to find out if 3 dcoroc ts+aacrofŁ is approved? LorwA School Administrator WRITI N G : a formal letter

3 Replace the 12 less formal words in the letter 4 Use formal words and phrases from the letter in with these formal words. Write the informal word Exercise 3 to complete this reply. next to it. 1 Dear Ms Havcroft. | ) l enquiring I dtlt-- - your brochure which 2 comprehensive arrived this morning. I found it very 3_ and full of useful information. 3 hesitate -.1 see I have 4 enrol l an enrolment form for the arts and crafts 5 Yours sincerely course along with a cheque for the full 6 of 6 further f600. 7 delighted note that I would also like accommodation during the course, so I am requesting details ot B Dear somewhere B for me in the town. 9 are grateful 9 need to discuss accommodation 1 0 choose with me, please do not lo to telephone me I1 enclosed on 0l 867 564 7384 during the day. Il 12 suitable from you and taking the course this summer. 12 _ rega rds 'l?ita kA,a^sun,.

Education @ 59 EnBineering

FROM ENGINES TO

EXTRA VOCABULARY: LISTENING types of engineering 3 A student is talking to a careers advisor. Listen and complete the student's notes below.

-lhetervw t oAw |Ą,LeAw dL{-ftrewt thLnąs.

e wgL w e erl v^,g L w cL vt d e s areas svtch as aerosDaoe, the J or thLwgs for + ! 5 ewgLweers ft.wd wags Ło stop 6 frovw factorLes or how to 7 after aw oLL spLLL twthe oceAw. ewgLweers Lltze B awd are wew thLwgs. 'l Choose one type of engineering to match the inventions listed in 1-5. VOCABULARY: biomedicaI Computer aerospace eivl.ł word combinations mechanical 4 uatch the first half 1-8 with the second half a-h 1 Railwavs. roads, bridses = civil of these sentences. enSr neen n8. 1 l'd like to test 2 Spacecraft, satellites, missiles = enErneennS. 2 l'nr afraid rve couldn't- find Without doing some - 3 MRI scanners, heart pacemakers, artificial limbs = 3 enEr neen n8. 4 lt shouldn't be much -longer before they've built

4 Cars, CD players, washing machines = etrgrneen nE 5 They say they've made

Microchips, robots, networkS = 6 They haven't nret one single- enEr neen n8. 7 Maybe we could solve -

8 He's doing his - TRANSLATION - a) tests it's impossible to know if it's safe. 2 Translate the different types of engineering and inventions in Exercise 1 into your language. b) a major breakthrough. c) the problem with a new versron. 1

2 d) us a prototype. since we started. 3 e) deadline a 4 f) solution. g) research into n.rnotechnology. 5 h) your theorv wilh this experiment.

60 @ Engineering A ROLIERCoASTER oF A IOg

The year after the rollercoaster ride Big ThuncJer was As well as taking unlimited rides at Disneyland, the opened at the Disneyland Resort in Paris, its inventor attraction of the job was the freedom: 'You are one

Mike Kent rode it 400 times. Not only does he enjoy big team. In my previous job I was always being told, his own rides, it also shows how confident he is in the "That's not your job". (3)-There's a huge amount of safety of his own engineering. (1)- creativity.' Mike is an attractions engineer at the resort. He was Now, the BigThunder ride can be enjoyed at every first employed by Disney in I990. 'The advert asked Disney resort in the world and that gives Kent a great for an engineer with a touch of magic,' he remembers. deal of satisfaction: 'The day we opened Big Thunder (2)- He left college to work in the petrochemical to the public I was watching. (4)- Everyone in industry. After that he was also asked to work in the the train applauded. Normally when you design aerospace industry and by the car firm Rolls Royce. something you don't get a round of applause ior it', or screams of fear and delight!

2 Ans*"l. questions 1-5 about Mike Kent. Choose your answer from a, b or c,

1 The writer thinks Mike Kent

a) only rides BigThunder to test it.

b) enjoys it as much as the average person. c) is much more than an average rollercoaster rider

2 According to the article, what is the other reason he takes so many rides on BigThunder?

a) He doesn't think it is dangerous.

bl He needs to test it.

6r lt helps him lo design it. 3 Before Disneyland a) Mike hadn't enjoyed anv of his previous jobs.

b) Mike had worked in many areas of engineering. c) Mike had specialised in one area of engineering. 4 He particularly likes the fact that READING a) he can concentrate by working on his own. b) there are fewer limits on him. 1 Complete each gap,14, in the article with a sentence from a-e. There is one extra sentence. c) he is in charge of a team. a) The first train went out and came back. 5 Mike Iikes the fact that Big Thunder b) Up to this point, his career had been quite varied. a) was originally designed in Japan. b) rvas c) And he should be because he designed the ride. his first ever project for Disney. d)Mike always wanted to work in this type of c) received such a positive response from the engineering. public. e) No one here has ever said that.

Engineering E@ 61 SURVIVAL ENGINEERING

VOCABULARY: space 4 Disnevland has created a new attraction. A new attraction

5 Visitors can enjoi, BigThundcr at ever,v Disnevland Use a 6ood dictionary like the Longman Active Study Dictionary to help you with new words and in the world. their definitions Big Thunder

3 Match these words to their definitions. t-.rse a We'll launch four more rockets this year. dictionary to help you. Four more rockets devastation meteorite collision comet deflect asteroid threat impact Humans can't save the planet from a metcorite collision. A piece of rock that falls from soace and lands on The planet the Earth.

A rock the size of a small planet which travels The hurricane didn't hit our town. around the sun. Our town

3 To make something move in a different direction 6 Writ" the verb in brackets in the correct active or passive form in this article.

4 A bright ob ject in space with a ta il of gas and dust. Halley's Comet is famous because it can easily Damage or destruction to a large area or number of I be seen (see) peopre. from the earth. lt 6 The moment when one obiect hits another. 2 (name) after the English 7 When a moving object hits something by accident. astronomer, Edmond Halley (1656-1742). However, it (appear) many times over the 8 A situation that could be danserous. centuries and often brings bad news.

Here are some facts about the comet: CRAMMAR: the passive . The Chinese first a (observe) it in 240 ac. 4 lher" are five examples of the passive form in the article on page 61 'A rollercoaster of a job'. . 1066 ,to Halley's Comet flew over England and Underline them. the King 5 (killt in battle.

5 Rewrite each sentence in the passive form. . l 9l 0 The first photograph (take) of the comet. 'l Rolls Royce employed Mike Kent. . I986 The NASA Space Shuttle Challenger Mike Kent was employed by Rolls Royce. (explode) only 73 We use a satellite in space for telecommunications. seconds after it B Uaunch) A satellite in space to meet the comet. . Halley's Comet will e (see) My nranager is alwavs telling me not to do other from the Earth again in 2061 . people's jobs.

I am alwavs

62 @ Engineering GRAMMAR: articles What country is _ Hong Kong in? 1 W,it" the missing artic|es in this quiz. Write fńe, a) _ Hong Kong b) _ China a, an or 0 (no articld. c) _ Great Britain What is world's longesl river? a) Nile b) _ Amazon r) Mississiooi

.l What type of anima| is tńe s|oth?

a) mammal b) fish _ 8 The Bullet in Japan is type of c) _ insect a) missile. b) sushi. c) train. 2 In which mountain range can you find 9 Where will you find ancient Inca city? _ oysters? a) under- sea b) in trees c) on land a) _ Andes b) _ Himalayas c) Alos 10 TheThree Gorges Dam is in 3 What is _ capital of Germany? a) _ United Arab Emirates. b) China. c) Caribbean. a) _ Bonn b) _ Munich _ c) _ Berlin - 4 The 'Chunnel' is _ tunnel which connects France with 2 Now try the quiz. How many can you score out of ten? Check your a) _ Norway. b) _ England. answers on page 93. c) Soain. 3 Decide if the use of articles is correct (3) or incorrect (7) in 5 Where can you find _White House? each sentence. a) NewYork b) Washington a c) Hollywood Example: That's the nice coat. ls it new? X

1 Did you see the designs I told you about?

2 | went to the India last year. 3 The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth.

4 Weather hasn't been too good recently, has it?

5 Being in a Shakespeare play is a actor's dream.

6 lt's one of the ugliest buildings in the city. 7 What's a width of this door?

B We have a major problem with the new structure. 9 When does King make his speech?

10 Temperatures in the Dubai reach over 40'C.

weather @ 63 SUPERSTRUCTURES

EXTRA VOCAB U LARY: word building 6 :::':::..:,,. An engineer is presenting plans for a new 4 Complete this table with the adjective and noun tunnel under the sea. Listen and write the missing forms of these words. information including numbers and figures.

adjectives noun o New tunnel: a sct of l- tubes. high height 2- o Length of tunnęl = . wide o That is abottt J longer than the ChannelTunnel bctween 4- . length a Length under the sea = ) oeep a (' of the unclersea section = 45 squarc metres. o Averagc journel'time b,v train = circle

tria ngu lar o Ępical speed of trains = 9 o Overall cost (aPProx.) =

When you learn a new word, think about how manv other words you can create with it. Can you also use it as a verb, an adiective or a noun? Does it have prefixes and suffixes? Build new words in your notebook using a table like Exercise 4.

5 Complete these sentences with words from the table. 1 A: Holv is the new tor,ver going to be?

B: About 1,000 metres, which will make it the tallest in the city. 2 Be careful childrenlThat sr'vimming pool is very PRONUNCIATION

1,000 3 Thc office space in the building will be .rbout 7 a Write each word next to the correct vowel metres in total. sound. Can you tell me rvhat's the cx;rct of that height cupboard? lt might not fit between these two walls. depth ski wide dish shaPe length width deep eight high 5 That sign is a rvarning to slow dor'vn. -- 6 You start a foorball nratch with the ball in the centre lel depth , of the field. !t!

I til

lat/

lCl t

7b Listen and check your answers' Now listen again and practise saying the words.

64 @ Engineering rojec

LISTENINC c: Sorry, but I don't think that's a good idea. His buildings are often criticised for being ugly.

'l fnree university lecturers are discussing ,ą: We||, who to invite to talk to a group of design and . The engineering students. Listen and answer questions students will have lots of ouestions. 1-5. c: I don't know about that. And he isn't very good at 1 What kind of building has Malcolm Bernier just tal ks. finished?

a) A tower s: What about b) A tunnel c) A train His buildings are considered by many to be... a) interesting. R: That's a possible solution. What do you think about b) boring. that? c: Yes, cl u8ry. What kind of event do they decide to have? We all agree then. We'll do that a) A talk B b) A presentation Lance Weiss? He c) A debate What has been built by Lance Weiss? KEY LANCUAGE: discussing a) A ski slope options, making decisions b) A bridge c) A tower 3 Find phrases in the discussion in Exercise 1 which mean the same as these. D ICTAT IO N 'l l'm not sure about that idea.

2 Listen again and write in the missing parts of the discussion. 2 How about ..

A: Malcolm Bernier 3 That's one possibility. Randalf Tower?

B Creat idea. Do you think he'd be free? 4 Do you agree with that?

5 Sounds good

6 | suggest we ask Lance Weiss.

7 Let's do that then

weather ][@ 6s STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

a) From his observations e) Finally STUDY SKI LLS: preparing for a talk b) Next f) for example 'l Rachel is emailing advice to a friend who is going c) one way is to g) The next stage to give a talk. Underline the correct word. d) and then h) First of all HiEmma Great to hear from you again.Your talk sounds very exciting. I think the main thing is that your talk should l reach/match your audience's needs and interests. Try to structure it into 2sections/messages and think about the points you want to 3make/do.fo help you remember, why don't you put your notes on software/cards? And don't forget to number them in the right order. Recently I saw a really good talk with visual saids/helps using PowerPoint.That's also

a good way to help you speak in a logical order. I always find that if you have an introduction with some kind of 6hool

WRIT I N C : describine a process

2 Read this description of a new engineering idea for heating roads. Write in the missing words and expressions for sequencing the different stages from a-h.

POWER ON THE ROAD There are now more and more ways to use the power of the sun as alternative energy. Henk Verweijmeren recently realised that 1 c) use the heat in roads. He Build a prototype based on results. took the original idea from looking at sheep warming Invite journalists to the press launch. themselves on a stretch of Scottish road. 2 ne Do market research. Interview potential realised that roads could store and then convert the customers. heat of the sun into more heat; 3-, in the same Test the prototype. way that a solar cell does. 4-, pipes are put Make any modifications and test again. beneath the road. 5-, cool water is pumped through the pipes 6-the road is warmed by the 4 Complete this paragraph describing the process sun. The road and surrounding soil and sand store in Exercise 3. the heat with 95 percent efficiency. 7 is for the First of all you need to do some market research. water to become warm. B-, the hot water in the One way to do this is pipes can be used to melt snow on roads,- on airport Then, the next stage and runwavs or even fill vour water heater. From the results of that

Fina I ly,

6b @ Engineering T!rren0s

VOCABU LARY: words 2b Listen again and practise saying the from the lesson words.

VO CA B U LA RY: phrasal verbs (3)

3 Write in the missing particle.

over down out with on out into on

1 How long do you think it will be before this new style catches ? 2 Where did you find _ about this new trend? 3 Why do people buy such awful fashions? 1 Write the correct word in each space. 4 I can't keep up - all these changes. trendsetters charisma 5 Pink has taken _ from orange this season. influential imitate 6 The popularity of black clothes will never die Tom Ford has been one of the most I ashion designers and 2 of the last twenty I thought it would be popular but no one picked up .ears. He studied in New York but news of his talents the idea. :luickly 3- to Milan. In 1990 he moved to Cucci where his ability to create 4_fashion B I think the interest in violent films has slowed iems, combined with his natural 5_, quickly rrought him fame and the post of design director. lver the years many designers have tried to TRANSLATION the 'Ford look' but none have come ctose. 4 Translate these sentences with phrasal verbs into \ow, working on his own, Ford is about to launch his your language. ,rvn line of products and with it will come another 'l lt'll never catch on. of Ford maoness.

2a Listen to these words. Where is the stress? Categorise them in the table. Long hair for men died out in the eighties.

connectors imitate charisma cultural 3 | don't buy into that idea. economic influential community trendsetters behaviour epidemics 4 We like to keep up with the latest trends. 0oo o0o o0oo oo0o connectors Did the boss pick up on your idea?

6 Trends usually slow down after a short time

rrenJi @ 67 TRENDS IN FASHION

2 Complete this summary of the articte about 1" ułquc-] changes in fashion. Use words from the article. l_ Read the article and correct these statements. New rcsearch sholvs th.rt often change, I a -steac/v i.rte but this is at a constant r.tte. This snou,s Fashions and trcncls change atdiffren@s that most of us j othcrs rvhcn it comes ro according to the research. fashion. The peoplc rve follorv are callcd l We think that a fciv of our decisions about fashion and rve are interested in celebritics who often change a rc nraclc indepcndentlr'. their icle.rs. Similarlv, oLrr taste in music ntav change 3 Few celebrities influencc us .rnd arc coltied by us. but this change is at a constant 5_. The same 4 The speecl .rt lvhich Anrericans bur' .rlbunrs changes is also true for 6 .rncl I a lot.

Nonc of thc things testccJ for their popul.rrity changed at a ste.rclv r.rte.

EASHIONS CTHI\GE, BUT CTHNGE IS ALWAYSTHE

EASHION Plenty of celebrities, for example, get copiecl. Dr Bentlev also points out that we are not necessarilv looking out for the latest fashion but 'uve need regular Fashions ch.rnge .rt a steradv rate, ncw research cha nee. suggests, Thev are driven by a minoritv of innovators Simrlar results to thosc of Dr Bentley were found in with manv people copving each other. These are the the US when .rcaclemics looked at the Billlto.rrcl Too conclusions of university researchers from the UK ancl 200 chart and founcl it turned over.rt USA. that a constant average r.rte for l0 vears, fronr the 1950s to thc l9U0s. The research also challenges thc belief that a lot of our The number of albums entering and exiting thc chart f.rshion choices are independent, rational decisions. varied fronr day to day and month to nronth, lrut It sholvs rve generall;, cop,v others rvhen it comes to overall the average change rvas 5.(r percent perr month popular culture. for the full 3O-verar oeriod. Thev discoverccl sinrilar consistencv in the fashions for tab,v n.rnres ancl dog The researchers s.ry innovation is wh.rt actually drives breeds. fashion change. 'lnnovators arc the cool ones who "pump" ncw iashions into our world,' Dr Bentlev of They lookcd at the popularity of music, baby nanres Durham University explains. 'Most are ignored, but and tvpes of dogs and found that rheir popularitv some Bet copied.' ch.rnges at a steady rate, reg.rrdless of population size.

68 @ Trencts VO CAB U LARY: adjective order G RAMMAR: expressions of quantit

3 Write one of these adjectives in the right 5 Choose the correct answer/ a, b or c. position in each sentence. 1 We work with designers from Rome. red wedding digital wooden gafd€n a) a little b)- a few c) linle leather blue dinner 2 | gave them ideas to help them.

1 garden a) a couple -of b) a lot c) plenty 1 ApIasticAćhair. 3 There are people asking for this kind of haircut. 2 Andy Warhol wore a black jacket. a) a lot -b) plenty c) a lot of 3 She looked wonderful in her whitc dress. 4 of students in my class are from abroad. 4 lames Bond often wears a black jacket. -a) Plenty b; Enough c) None 5 Put it in this picture l'r.rme. 5 people aren't interested in fashion at all. 6 I usually just i'vear a pair of ordinary jeans. -a) None b) A couple c) Many 7 There's a pretty blouse in the window. 6 There are celebrities who have a lot of 8 lt's a silver watch. influence -over our tastes. a) some b) plenty c) a lot LISTENINC 7 Do you have money to buy this? 4 Listen to five speakers talking about the .lr enough -br many ( ) a lew objects below. Write the object a-f next to the | time for looking at new fashions ancl speaker. There is one extra object. 8 have knowing what's popu lar. spe Speaker 4: a) little b) a couple of c) few Sp" Speaker 5: - 6 Choose the correct quantifier for each sentence. Spe - plenty none of couple enough a few some

Can you spare me minutes? | have a quesilon.

2 my friends works here.

3 We don't have _ money for this. a) 4 There's of milk in the fridge if you'd like some. people have a unique fashion but most follow what they see on TV. on|.,, ą of friends Came to my birthday party. lt was a small event!

{

e)

Trenos !@ ov LIVING LONCER

LISTENINC DICTATION

'l a Ant*"l. these questions 3 Read these sentences taken from Doctor Stivers'replies. Listen again and 'l Which race on earth has always wanted to live complete each longer? sentence.

1 Yes, it's true that the human race has always Which do you think live longer, men or women? for so long.

3 How could people live longer? 2 ...living longer also means we

a Why don't some people want to live longer? 3 As humans we work towards medical advances ano

1b Now listen and check your answers helps. 4 We estimate that there is currentlv 2a Decide if these sentences true or false according to the interview.

1 lt's important for humans to live on their own in order to live longer. 5 In fact, in recent years, the average lifespan for men 2 One reason we are living longer is because of imorovements in medicine. Estimates 3 show that one person in 100,000 is aged Eat well, so ... lots of fruit and vegetables. Few I 00 or above. overweight people live to be a hundred and 4 Science can prove why women live longer than men. a hundred. 5 People over 100 tend to have a positive and relaxed 7 People who are a hundred are good at attitude to life. and also 6 Only the richest members of society live a long tend not to be poor. time. I think people who worry about living longer are in 7 Our genes have some control over how long we danger of will live. And lust because you live to 101 , it 8 The doctor doesn't think it's alwavs a sood idea to live to 100.

2b Listen again and check your answers.

70 PRONUNCIATION 6 Writu the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or -ing lorm. 4a Listen to eight sentences and tick the number you hear.

1 13 30

2 1 4 percent 40 percent 3 2008 2080 .191 4 1950 5 5 ',t00 900

6 5'1.3 50.r 3 7 I 10,000 10,000 8 100,000,000 1,000,000

,I +D Listen again and practise saying the sentences.

CRAMMAR: inf initives and -ing forms

5 Underline the correct form. lf both forms are Rose Pervis celebrates her hundredth birthday possible, then underline both. tomorrow. She says the secret to her long life is 1 Will good food enable people to live/living longer? because she believes in l_ (eat) fresh 2_ 2 I don't want to work/workins when l'm 65. vegetables and (have) a cup of green tea before bed. Rose said: 'The other secret to long life 3 We don't need to keep on to travel/travelling tonight. is that l've always loved l_ (walk) in my garden every morning. I know some people do lots of 4 Do you enjoy to shop/shopping for new fashions? exercise but l've never been interested in 4 5 At what age did you start to worry/worrying aboul (run) or things like that.' money. People in the town of Willington where Rose lives They promised to pick/picking us up from the are hoping s- (celebrate) her long life with arrport. a party. 'we'd like 6_ (show) Rose how He succeeded in to convince/convincing them to important she is to us,' said local town councillor, employ him. Lorna Rodgers. 'Everyone in the town has been 8 I like to walk/walking early in the morning. involved in 7 _ (organise) this special event. 9 managed We to change/changing the course We decided B (use) it as an opportunily we're doing. to bring together everyone in the town as well as 10 She decided to buy/buying completely new giving her our best wishes.' Rose says she's grateful to clothes for the summer. q everyone for (arrange) the party and she's 1'l They don't expect anyone to turn up/turning up also looking forward to lo (have) another for the party. one for her hundred and first birthday next year. 12 Do you allow anyone to join/joining the library?

13 Would you like to have/having something to eat? 14 Many people hate to learn/learning something new or complicated.

15 Romeo and Juliet continued to see,/seeing eacn other even after their parents tried to stop/ stopping them.

Trends 71 KEY LANCUAGE: STUDY SKILLS: the language of meetings recording and learning vocabulary

1 H"re is a discussion at a meeting. Replace each 1 Stuay this page from a Spanish learner,s phrase in bold, a-g, with one of the phrases, 1-7. notebook. Tick the study techniques in the checklist 1 PIease make your that the learner uses. 2 your comment. - i\\'!'.'aaa'a 3 it isn't acceotable- 4 We're here - Trawas 5 unhappy - 6 just say something- please? _ z ĄecYease 7 the matter Lwcraa.se - rLse d.eaLLwe n: Cood morning everyone. (a) The purpose of this -tal I meeting is to discuss the facilities for older peopre )Y'C',ll at the beach. Who would like to begin? Lwcrease : a'Ą]//-ewtAY s: I would. I'm very (b) concerned that we have ro pay to get to the beach. lt doesn't help that the car park d,ec'r aasa : d,Lsw-Lwu:'v is a fifteen-minute walk from the beach... ł: (c) Go ahead with your main point. s: Well, (d) l'm afraid I can't agree that we should pay. lt should be free for .oO pensioners to get on to the decrease (v) beach. Oo ,ą: I see how yclu fee|. Thank you for (e)that. |,|| |ook decrease (n) into (f) it. c: Sorry, can | (g) make a comment? R: Sure. Co ahead.

2 Listen and check your answers.

sign if icant

There has been a significant improvement in my English this term.

My salary at work has remained stable for two years. translation of words a write definition D word stress ! parts of speech ! write collocations ! categorise words ! write a useful sentence with new words in ! draw diagram or picture tr

2 Choose some more trend words from page 111 of the course book. Design your own page to help you learn these words.

72 @ Trends WRITING SKILLS: 4 writ" full sentences with trend words to answer questions. describing a trend these 1 What is the current rate of inflation in vour 3 Match descriptions a-f to the six graphs and country? charts. The rate was steady last year but it's currently increasing by about two percent a year.

How would you describe the change in unemployment figures in your country over the last ten years? 1_ 2_

How would you describe your progress in English this rear ne\t year in the last few months. (lnclude any marks from you have done.) 3_ 4_ tests

How would you describe the changes in house \,es prices in your country over the last five years? 5_ 6_

a) This pie chart shows the results of a study carried out on school children. The figures compare how they spend their free time, with over half now playing computer Bames. b) The level of spending on Asia and Africa is constant, with both sectors receiving about the same.

c) The findings on this chart show that the overall number of positive and negative answers from the group was significantly different.

d) We concluded that the sudden rise and overall improvement was due to the large investment and attention to spending that took place in the prevrous year.

e) Earlier in the year there was a marked fall and then sales remained relatively stable for the remaining six months. f) We predict that next year's figure will go up by about I0 percent on current forecasts.

Trends @ 73 Arts and media

EXTRA VOCABULARY: senres VOCABU LARY: words from the lesson 't trrtat.h each genre to a picture. 2 Each speaker is talking about something from a Soul Horror Crime Autobiography book, TV show or film. Match one of these words to Animation R€6gae Science Fiction )azz each description. Ooera Classical character series plot atmosphere chapter novel

1 The film begins in a scary house and it's really dark.

It's so complicated that after fifteen minutes you don't know who is who and what is happening. 1 Ressae 3 l've just got one more to read.

4 This is his best yet. l've read all the others but this is great fictionl

Last week they found out it was his son. What happened this week? | missed it I'm afraid.

lreally like her. She's evil but the most interesting

person In rt.

3 Underline the correct adjective.

1 lt's such a moving/outstanding piece of music. I cry every time I hear it.

It's hilarious/breathtakins.! lt must be the funniest show on TV.

The actor gave an outstanding/a classic performance. lt was perhaps the only time we'll ever see that play performed so well.

fhis grou n d breaki n g/ i ncom parable technology allows them to film deeo beneath the oceans.

PRONUNCIATION

4 Listen and match each word with the correct stress pattern. afiairs Oo country oO aiiairs entertainment Ooo computer oOo 10 groundbreaking ooOo incomparable oOooo 74 @ Arts and media READINC 1 She made films during three decades. her - 'l 2 All films were silent. Read the text about Greta Garbo and decide if 3 People were surprised when- she ended her the statements are true or false. career in 1941.

4 She lived in New- York until she died.

5 She never saw anyone ever again after- I 954. 6 After she stopped making films, she could - afford nol lo work.

7 You can read her autobiography.-

I In her final interview, Carbo let the- lournalist finish his first question. - VOCABULARY: words connected with the arts

2 Match the best word in the left column with each category on the right.

1 bestseller a) music

2 blockbuster b) work of art 3 critic c) payment 4 royalty d) person 5 household name e)film 6 hit f) celebrity It has been said that she was the most beautiful 7 masterpiece g) woman who ever lived. Whether this is true or nor, book Creta Carbo will always be remembered for starring 3 Complete these sentences with words from the in some of Hollywood's greatest masterpieces, from left column in Exercise 2. the silent movies of the twenties throush to her last film in 1941 . Her decision never to mike a film aeain 1 One said that he had fallen shocked the movie world. She accepted an honoriry asleep during it but I really enjoyed it. Oscar in 'l 954 but soon afterwards she was rarely Sheearnedal5percenl every seen in public again. She famously said, 'l want to be time the book was solcr. alone.' She bought a seven-room apartment in New York City where she lived on her own for the rest of 3 lt's too early to say if that painting will become a her life. Throughout the years leading up to her death in 1990, Carbo wasn't a total recluse. lt was reported that she still spent time with the rich and famous and 4 He's still a even though he's that she would go for long walks in New York weanng been a recluse for the last ten years. dark glasses and casual clothes. She had invested the 5 lt became a and stayed at money she had made from films wisely and there number one in the charts for ten weeks. are still rumours that she wrote an autobiography. However, the book has never been publisheo. 6 Harry Potter is the biggest children's Her final interview took place in Cannes with the this century. journalist Paul Callan. He started the interview by saying, 'l wonder...' Carbo interrupted, said, 'Why The trouble with all these movies is that they have lots wonder?'and walked away. lt is probably one of the of special effects and little real shortest interviews in celebritv historv. acil n8.

Arts and media U@ 75 MEDIA RECLUSES IN THE ARTS

G RAMMAR : reported speech 5 'The childrcn are e njoving the DVD.' She said they the DVD. 4 Read each pair of sentences, direct and reported 'l'd likc you speech. Underline the correct words to make the 6 to star in mv ncxt fi lm.' second sentence reported speech. The clirector said he her 1 'l run a lot.' in his next iilrn.

He told me that I run/he ran a lot. 6 Report the following sentences.

'Lisa can't talk today.' -l 2 'She's working as a model to support her family.' She said Lisa didn,t/couldn,t taIk tńrs dav/that The reporter said duy- 'l think it's ours.' 3 'Please go.' Mv brother said He asked me went/to gct. 'We'll visit you sometime. 'Leonardo is going to get married.' Her grand children said I heard last week that Leonardo went/was going to get married. 'They worked on this project for three months.

'l've been here before.' Rashid said

He said she have/had been there,/tńen before. 5 "l can't go to the theatre tonight.'

'We'll rvork on it again tomorrow.' My sister said

They agreed they worked/v,ould work on it again 7 Read this script from an interview with a famous that day/the nert day. actress. Then complete the article reporting what she said. 7 'Sam is writing her autobiography.' 'l didn't like working first Last year Sam was writing/had rvritten her with my film company autobiography. lvhich was the rcasol.t I nroved. Then I met mv,first husbancl ancl it n,as a verv romclntic time. \,Vhen he 8 'Turn left.' diecl I was devastated. I thought to myself, 'l can't work again.'So house The policeman said/told me to turn/turn left. lsold our and have been living on nry boat in the Mediterrant:an ever since. I haven't 9 'You are the best in the class this year.' been a recluse but I didn't w.lnt to meet journalists. Then one dav this film scri;tt w.ts sent to me. I lovecl My teacher told me I have been/rvas the best in the script and so l've the class that/next y,ear. dccidcd to start work again.'

'10 'You've done badly on this test Sally.' The actress said that she hadn't liked vtorking The teacher tolcl she/her that she had been doing/ With her first fiIm company which ńad been the had done badly on the test. reason why she .Then 5 Complete each sentence as reported speech. 5ne first husband and it a very romantic 1 'lt was a terrible perfornrance.' time.When he devastated. The critics said it a terrible She to herself that she performance. agarn. 'l want to end the interview at this point.' So she house and The actress said she ro end the boat in the Mediterranean interview at that point. ever srnce that time. She al 'You'll never be famous.' recluse bu t she to meet journalists .Then one day His father said he famous. film script , She 4 'Download a coov of their new CD.' the scriot and so she She told me a copy of their to start work aoain. new CD.

7o ano meora M ^rrs LISTENINC DICTATION

1a łn interviewer (|) is speaking to Marlene (M), a 2 Listen again and write in the missing parts fashion model and TV star. Match his questions a-g of Marlene's answers. 1-6. There is one extra question. to the answers r't: No. I loved doing the show

r,r: No, it hasn't, though more people recognise me

l'ł: Yes, it does, a bit I used to be able to go to the supermarket but

It: No, never. I've been doing this kind of thing for five years.

a) Do you get tired of the cameras? G RAMMAR: reported questions b) Didn't you enjoy it? 3 Read the interviewer's questions as reported c) Does that bother you? questions. Correct the mistakes in 1-6' d) Do you like being a celebrity? 1 'Do you think you'll do anotherTV show?' e) Does that mean you are having a break from would do fashion modelling as well? The lournalist asked me if I thought | ffi another TV show. f) So has theTV show changed your life? 2 'Why don't you want to do anY moreTV? g) Do you think you'll do another? The journalist asked me to I not want to do any r: Hello, Marlene. You've just finished your first TV more TV. show. 1 3 'Are you leaving modelling?' l,r: l'll take some time off first. t: Why's that? 2 The journalist asked me if I had been leaving modelling. n'r: No. I loved doing the show... t: l ? 'How much time do you spend travelling?' n: No. ln fact l'm going to Milan for a clothes photo The journalist asked me if I spent how much time shoot next week. travel I i ng. r: I see. 4 a model?' łt: No, it hasn,t, though more peop|e recognise me 'How long have you been l: 5 ? The journalist asked me how long I would be a łt: Yes it does, a bit. I used to be ab|e to go the supermarket but... 'Do you get tired of the cameras?' t: 6 get M: No, never, l've been doing this kind of thing for five The journalist asked me what I did years... cameras.

1 b Listen and check your answers.

Arts and media @ 77 THE LIFE OF A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT

READING 3 An editor will be most impressed with fou if 1,eu a) have lots of skills. Read 4 this careers article about being a foreign correspondent. *phrases b) have already Write these words and in travelled round the worlc. the correct places. c) can speak another language. 4 You may be able to get sent as a correspondent if you are

a) clever and maybe even a little dishonest. 5 the _nead article again and complete sentences b) apply in writing. 1-5. c) work on a local newspaper. I Some journalists want to become a foreign correspondent because 5 Newspaper editors will sendjournalists who a) the life is exciting. a) regularly call the editor ancl report back.

b) the life is rough. b) like to ask questions ancl listen to orders. c) have enough c) they can go to difterent places. courage to do something, even against authority. To job 2 get a as a foreign correspondent, you must oe 6 Wnicf, advice best sums up the final paragraph? a) sensitive. a) Find out the correct information. b) determined. b) Cive readers a real sense of the events. c) sociable. c) Have high moral standards

GAREERS IlI IOURIIIIISM= BEGOMIIIG A ]OBEIGII GORRTSPO]IDE]IT So, you want to be a foreign LEARN A FOREICN LANCUAGE correspondent. U nfortunately so do Many correspondents find that lots of other iournalists. Many see it as they need to work among several their free passport to travel languages, but knowing at least one . As the world very well will increase your skills and gets smaller, the comPetition for show editors that you have an aptitude working overseas gets tougher. Butrt if for language 2 you you remain INDEPENDENCE AND 3 could be able to 5 on the latest your way into reporting No newspaper editor will send a cnsr s. reporfer who needs a lot of direction be great writers. You have to be able that they want to Some journalists say and management while reportinB to to 6 the scene of be foreign correspondents'while they their boss half a world away. You'll 'l war to readers in less than 000 worc can'. After a few years of need plenty of self-confidence and be bombs and bullets going off settle - with work, they reason, theY can prepared sometimes to break some around you. Every word you write lt down to a comfortable iob and ru les. 7 need to bring T( less adventurous BE THE BEST readers what's really happening with stories at home. But whenever You Many journalists can report well but objective honesty and decide to go, here are some skills and foreign correspondents also need to 8 talents you'll need:

78 @ Arts and media KEY LANCUAGE: 2a Complete the conversation with these missing comparing and contrasting phrases. There is one extra phrase.

much less very different 1 lirten to a man and woman comparing better serious some DVDs. Number the DVDs (1-4) in the order worse than same as verv similar which they are discussed. Which DVD isn't u: So, what do you fancy this evening? discussed? w: Nothing violent. I don't want you to get any more of those films with endless fight scenes and awful aciln8. n: How about this one? ,i* t rv: But that's bv the same director. r'r: Yes, but it's I from his others. tł:We||, the front Iooks 2 with all those people fighting. How about a nice romantic comedy? I haven't seen this one before. łt: We must be abIe to find something than that. lt'll just be lots of kissing in fields. What's this? w: lt's thatTV series about global warming. lt's beautifully filmed, but l'd rather watch something this evening.

ru,r: This looks good. lt's set on a spaceship and slowly everyone disappears. w: I suppose we could do a lot s that. I do like the actress in it.

2b Listen and check your answers.

EXTRA VOCABU LARY: talking about films

3 Write each word and phrase in the correct place in the table.

complex stunning special effects thriller action many locations around the world good versus evil romantic comedy twists and turns science fiction superbly choreographed fight scenes

Genre Plot Special featu res

complex

ano meora 7v ^rrs @ STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STU DY SKI LLS: delivering a talk 3 Study each piece of information about audiences at 'l a street festival. Complete the sentence to Litten to a student talking at the beginning summarise the information. See the example. of a meeting.Tick (r'\ the things he does on the checklist. Age range of audience:

How to give an effective talk: Ch ildren: 9o/" / 'lB-45 . Frplain the purpose ol ) our talk. 85'7o year olds: . Speak clearlv in a loud voice.

o Structure vour talk with rvords like Firstly, Over 45: 6%o

Seconcllt,, Finally. . . 1 On the whole, . Involve vour audience b1, asking them a questron.

. Tell vour audience lvhen thev can ask questrons. People came to the festival: . St.rrt with,l joke or I'unn\ slor\. with family: 73%o

with friends: 20"/" When you are going to give a talk in English, nere on their own: 7"/u are some useful ways to prepare beforehand: . record and listen to yourself. 2 The majority o practise on a friend. r practise in front of the mlrror.

Audience feedback on the WRITING SKILLS: a report performers at the event:

2 Write the missing words to complete these Excellent: 91"/n sentences from a report. Cood: 8"/u

almost 10/ nrajority overall general Poor: | /() whole most 3 Almost all 1 _, we had a large number of people at the open day. of the people were students from the u n iversity. Audience feedback on food and 3 all of them stayed for two hours. _ refreshments: 4 The gave positive feedback on the event. Satisf ied: 13%o 5 On the everything went according to Not satisfied: I -O/ p lan. 6 In the committee feels it could be No opinion: 12f" organised in the same way next year. 4 ln general

Bo tr@ Arts and media Crime

VOCABULARY: words EXTRA VOCABULARY: f rom the lesson types of crime

1 Read this 2 What type of crime do the newspaper headlines letter in response refer to? Choose one of these crimes for 1-10. to the newspaper report on page arson murder blackmail forgery 123 of the mugging speeding kidnapping burglary coursebook. hacking identify theft Complete the letter with words -l Employee sets fire to facloryl arson from 1-10, a, b, or c. 2 Jewellery taken from house while couple slept!

Dear Sir Seventy-year-old with monthly pension attacked

I read with interest your story yesterday about in street! 'l the young cyber . My view of Boy uses neighbour's password to do online the 2 is that the boy in question should be put into some kind of prison for shoppi ng! 3 We cannot continue to have 5 False bank notes found in back of van! these types of individuals a the net and being allowed to steal. By ignoring s the and not locking away 6 Police stop 200 kph driver! 6 such , judges are sending out the wrong message to young people.They are 7 Wife's body found in garden! encouragln9 / card theft. Not I Million oounds asked for safe return of child! only that, but we're paying taxes for our police force to8 these crimes. lf he was with theft then obviously he 9 Company president pays thousands for return of punished and I think you will find that the should be embarrassing photos! 10 of sensible people feel the same way. 10 Teenager steals government information online!

Dr R. Smithers, London.

TRANSLATION 1 a) criminal o) robber c) robot 3 Translate the ten types of crime in Exercise 2 into 2 a) computer D'] CASC c) police your language. 3 a) someone b) juveniles c,r peopre

4 a) surfing D) emailing c)texting 2 7 5 a) evidence D/ boy c) news 3 8 6 aJ Keys ol cnmes c) offenders 4 9 -7 a) post b) credit c) PIN number 5 10 8 a) look up ol find c) investigate

9 a) caught D'] oone c) charged

10 a) majority b) mrnoilty c) most

Crime THE CAUSES OF CRIME

VOCABULARY: word 3 Write the verb in brackets in the correct form. combinations 1 I wouldn't have let my children watch TV if 'l | _ (think) they were going to behave badly Choose a word to complete each sentence. You as a result. can use some words more than once. lf my uncle (noVchose) a life of crime, he behaviour tradition relationship link wouldn't have been huppy. decision circle What if you (lock) the front door? Would that have stopped them? 1 His prison sentence was reduced for good lf the detective had seen the clue, the police (miqhVcatch)- them sooner Many people say crime is part of a vicious You wouldn't have been a victim of identity theft if caused by poverty. you _(keep) your password secret. I don't want to make a long-term career lf l'd known she was the criminal, | until l've finished my degree. (never/invite) her to my house! I know a lot of people but only a few are part of my close of frienos. PRONUNCIATION: - Do you think there is a genetic between contracted forms personality and crime?

She has a very close with her mother. 4 Listen to and repeat these third conditionals spoken at normal speed. There's a long in our family of all our relatives meeting in May for an annual reunion. 1 | would have had breakfast if I had had time.

can be explained by a 2 He might have gone to the party if he had known Most criminal - person's family background. about it. 3 You wouldn't have been happy if you had married G RAMMAR: third conditional ner. 4 Would they have caught the train if the taxi had 2 Underline the correct verb form. come on time?

I would have stopped/would 1 lf l'd seen the man, 5 Now listen to and write eight sentences stop him from stealing the car. spoken at normal speed. lf the burglar had entered through the door and not 2 1 the window, he had set off/would have set off the alarm. 2 3 lf the same crime had happened/happened in my 3 they would have got five years in prison. country, 4 lf the police have arrived/had arrived ten minutes 4 5 earlier, they would have captured the bank robbers. 6 5 She might have avoided a life of crime, if she -, hadn,t had/wouldn,t have ńad such a difficu|t childhood. 8 6 Other people might do/might have done something about the attack if thev'd known the attacker didn't nave a gun. 7 What would you have said/would you say if you'd met the burglar in your house? 8 They wouldn't have let/wouldn't let him go, if he hadn't been related to someone important.

82 EXTRA LANGUAGE: 7 Read each situation and write a conditional review of conditionals sentence. See the first example. Situation 1: Your friend wants advice about accepting 6 Look at each set of three sentences. Match the a new job. You think it's a good job. halves of each sentence. Look back at the grammar sections on conditionals in units 4,5 and 12 in the lf I were l,ou. l'cl take it. coursebook to help you. Situation 2: You lent a friend $300. You wish you 1 lf l'd known your number c) hadn't. You can't afford to go on holiday now. lf I knew your number a) f lf you leave a message b) Situation 3: A customer wants to buy a car. You can l'd call you. offer him a 2Oo/" discount today only.

D/ l'll call you back. 1

c) I would have called you. Situation 4: Your friend can't make his new DVD work. Explain that you press the green We'll see you later button to make it switch on. We'd see you laler - We'd have seen you- last night Situation 5: You wanted to take someone to a rlartv - last nieht. You didn't ask herihim. if you go there. rf b) if you'd been there. .l Situation 6: The bus leaves in 0 minutes. Your friend c) if you were coming. needs to catch it. You can run from your house to the bus stoo in B minutes. rfl had seen them ri rfr were you _ - Situation 7: You didn't study music at university. You rfl see them always wanted to be a composer. You - became an accountant. al I would tell them. rf D.l I would have told them. Situation 8: You anslvcred your mobile phone while c) l'll tell them. drivinp. You crashed the car into a tree.

rf lf my brother goes to a different university - lf my brother had gone to a different university

lf my brother went to a different university - - al he might have done better

D/ he'd do better.

c) he won't do as well.

We would have been on time We'll leave on time - - We'd be on time - a) if the taxi arrives now!

b) if we'd left earlier. l:t:l/..i'.

c) if it rvasn't for the terrible traffic. T

LISTENINC ltEW srAilsilc$ 01r cRtME!

New statistics show that, internationally, crime rates have fallen and so researchers have drawn the conclusion that more people than ever before can feel free to walk around without fear of crime.

Take the USA, for example. lt still ranks high in violent crime among industrialised nations but, on the whole, street crime here is at one of its lowesr rates ever. Interestingly, there are some exceptions where crime has risen, but only a little: low-crime 5 societies like Denmark and Finland have recently experienced small increases in street crime. L

Of course, comparing crime figures around the world is rather complicated. Each country has different definitions of what makes a crimes but if we look at the past two decades, for example, most 'l countries suggest there has been an overall fall in f isten to a news report. Tick which people the number of cases of goods being taken from are mentioned or referred to? individuals. In particular, many Asian and Arab World countries have brousht much of this crime The police under greater control. A prosecutor A lawyer For a long time this has been regarded as one of the A witness worst types of property crimes but it is generally thought to be lower now than in the eighties. This A bank robber could be due to more private homes and offices A kidnapper having better security systems from people breaking in. Some of the countries with the worst recoros READINC are Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, Finland and Wales, while Korea, Saudi Arabia and Spain oerform well. 2 Read this extract from an article about crime in the world. Write the missing sub-headings (a-e) in the correct places in the text. No surprises here. The country with the most a) Better protected from burglary vehicles per person is also the place with the highest recorded figures. After the USA, with over b) Car theft one million thefts per year, comes the UK, Japan France. c) The world is a safer orace and

d) Less robbery on the streets

e) An overall downward trend

84 @ Crime VOCABULARY: people in crime

3 Read clues 1-12 and find the words in the word 4 match the first sentence,l-4, to the correct search below. second sentence, a-d.

-l A criminal who stears. 1 They were the only people at the scene of the cflme. _ 2 Detectives look for these on windows. 2 They didn't have the money. 3 Money for the return of a kidnap victim. 3 | did see them spending a lot -of money last night 4 A victim held by criminals. but maybe it was their own money. 5 A person who represents people in court. 4 They got ten years for taking the money.- 6 Police think this person might have done rt. a) They might have done it - 7 Robbers make this when they escape. b)They must have done it. B People who take victims and ask for ransom. c) They can't have done it. 9 They hold a lot of money. d)They shouldn't have done rt. 10 What the person in number 1 is guilty of. 5 Underline the correct modal verb. 11 People who chase criminals. 1 He didn't let me know it was happening. He mustl 12 A person who enters computer systems illegally. should have done! (t \ H E I J H L K E R 2 l'm not sure if he wanted to come too. He might/ must have done but I didn't see him to tell him. H o R R B D t_ B N F 3 You shouldn't/can't have done that. lt was a very N E N P L K C o bad thing to do. r E E E T A N K A S T c 4 The burglar could/must have got in from the back q in. U S P E L T E K o D of the house. There's no other way have murdered her. He was G S P E R L S E N 5 He couldn't/shouldn't with me when it happened. E P o P R F N C E 6 Rewrite the first sentence with the words in the T H R N S o M R P second sentence. Use a modal perfect. Z I N N A P a 1 There was glass on the floor. L N S T H E F T E o The burglar must have broken the windov'.

E M T o R N E T E R 2 The password had been written on a piece of paper.

Y S H S T C E E S o c The criminal copied it from the owner. He hasn't been at his desk. l'm certain he's been out all day.

He in today.

It's possible that they took a Betaway car. They a Setaway car. The victim screamed and shouted for help. The victim really scared. The police didn't get here on time. The criminals 8or away. The police here earlier.

crime @ 85 LISTENINC KEY LANC UAG E: discussing court cases

3 Write one of these words to complete each sentence.

witnesses mind evidence innocent 1 lirten to a judge summing up a case for the facts defendant punishment jury jury. Number these pictures 1 to 4 in the order she nrinds case mentions them.

1 Let me summarise the main facts for you. 2 The _ clearly shows he is guilty. 3 I don't think the facts of the are verv c tea r.

4 l've made up my 5 There should be no doubt in your _ that this man is guilty.

I will bring who can confirm that the accused was there at the time of the kidnapping.

7 Members of the _ , the facts are verv simple.

8 | am confident that you will find the gu ilty.

9 You have to decide the to fit the crime. 2a n member of the jury is taking notes on the 10 I believe he's _ because he has no otner case. Read the notes and try to predict what types of previous criminal record. words might be missing. 4 Complete these dialogues with sentences in Exercise 3. Drnrocur l: 1 {Ke' nccusil, ttlevtŁ ivtŁo ŁKe 2 aŁ 07.r,l, ow Łkt LVL,LLI/I!. u: Do you think so? l'm not so sure. They still haven't found any proof that he was at the scene. ani, tolA |t. vu||d. ouŁ a3 R: Yes, but who else could it be? Ę Łt*ę. cashiet Ło Dl,łrocur 2: I think you shou|d stay and taIk about it. cav,,ghŁ ttiu,t t*a|t aw h"ou'r |aŁę.v tniŁk 'ł: {hl 7o|ice. 5 a: Well, in his cav and l'm going tiŁhtv ŁLaŁ: ,ł: PIease don,t! ft& ''l.usŁ )uUe DrRrocur 3: (,awe b Ou"et is a Aan4trous n: What do vou think about the accused? alho shor,łt1 have buw Łaku,l. otf our^ streets B: wonŁIn,s a\o. A: But just because he hasn't broken the law before, it doesn't mean he isn't guilty. is a r.'tctipt of his chitlhoo)'' buaust l,tt {no, Urc DrRrocur 4: a,,tg clostT Ail.A 30 ,LLvLt hAA ,ą: So how are you going to prove he was there? 4 bchl'vd, bd,A|g aŁ B: n: Well, if you have people who actually saw him, that would probably convince the lury. :,::'..rtlllitlL.lLtaltl.,.tt:rr..u:r.) ....: :.:r....,u

ZD^t Listen and check your answers

86 @ Crime STU DY SKI LLS: summarisin WRITINC SKILLS: a narrative using cause and effect 1 look back at the article on page 84. Answer these questions. 3 Choose the correct linking words. 'l What is the main tooic of the article? 'l A burglar came into the offices last week. Due to/ As a result, we've installed new security devices.

He was behaving suspiciously because/so I stopped 2 What is the information in the article based on? him and asked him what he was doing.

There was a terrorist alert. Resu/ting/As a result reoorted? 3 What are the main results everyone was searched at the airport.

I was frightened at the stadium. Due to/ 4 Which crimes are referred to? Consequently, l've never been back there.

I found blood on the stairs. This caused/As a result in bedroom. What is the overall message or conclusion of the me to check upstairs the a rtic le? There's a car crash in the centre of town. fhe result/Because oi this, the road is closed. 7 Because/Due to the importance of the meeting 2 Complete this summary of the article. See if you between world leaders, we've increased the can use words from the article without looking at it numbers of police around the building. again. 4 Look at these notes on causes and effects. Write full sentences with linkers.

1 too many people speeding -----> Covernment make ne'"v law (as a result...)

Criy,tę. arow,tj. Łkt. tnov|A As a result of too many people speeding, the 1 1?uuvckshons that MUE Covernment have made a new law. 2- anA wovt Łhl'lt 7co7k (so...) Ó + 2 l'm ill -----> l'm off work today. cA^ 5 ,.1- ArounA aiŁtrtouŁ for """'''r'",uaawVle b- iłt tho.1,,lJĄ is at t,, 7 jewels looking for green o,tŁ ot tts ' euct buŁ iŁ Ms burglars stole --+ police d car (consequently...) riserr a tittte ir,r. cour.tries like ,4" -zVtost courctries sag ^AA Łhe.re Kas beu a^10 iw Łke wuwtber ol11 of ptrsonal taxi crashed into bus -----> two people to be hurt (this tktft.12 has bzu caused...) 43 or-t otthe I'rorst tgpos ofa+ cviwt buŁ lt is lołoer ,- Łhan. ivt Łkt '{kis vnigkŁ bt. 5 Poor sales of new product ----+ high price (due to) bu^ust |Ą^,t! 1b kaut beŁŁtv 17 Cav 14 is stitt horst in tkea! 6 Very bad weather -----> trains cancelled (the result ts...)

Crime 87 '1"9 CD 1 Lesson 2.3 Track Lesson 3.1 Track 1.12

Robert Byron was a British writer stressfu I lesson 1.2 Track 1.3 and he's famous because of his glamorous, chal lenging, flexible It obviously belongs to someone book, rńe Road to oxiana. Many who walks into a room and likes other travel writers have said it is exciting, rewarding the first example of great travel everyone to know he's there. The repetitive way he uses the box tells me that writing. Byron was born in 1905 and studied at Oxford. He also he's quite sociable and outgoing. Lesson 3.2Track 1.13 The signature looks fairly normal wrote about architecture but he is but the letters lean that way. lf you most famous for his travel writing. Freida, Sandy combine that with the narrow gap He published his first book, First r: Hi Sandy. between the words, then you have Russia, Then Tibet in 1 93 3 . Then s: Hi Frieda. Sorry l'm late. How someone who is ambitious and four years Iater, he wrote rńe Road long have you been waiting? to Oxiana about his ten-month self-confident. Finally, the way r: Not long. lt's OK. l've been journey to Afghanistan. The book he finishes off the signature with reading my book. lt's about a won awards and people from all the lines makes this person a real detective. He's been chasing over the world have read it in extrovert. this bad guy for months. l've just different languages. After facing got to the final chapter. Anyway, many dangers on his journeys, Lesson 1.3 Track 1.4 what've you been doing today? Byron died on a ship in the Second R: So l'd like to ask you a few s: I was with a friend. We've been World War. questions about your TV habits. studying for our exams. I still OK? need to do much Lesson 2.4 Track 1.1A more! s: Sure. r: What do you think you'll do after n: Have you thought any more ,ą: First of a|l, what kind of TV u n iversity? about where to go on holiday? programmes do you like? s: I haven't spent any time on that B: Yes, I was reading about s: Oh I don't watch that much. yet. I just want to pass these something called eco-tourism. I But I like the sport when it's on. exams first. What about you? think we should do something Especially football. How's the job? like that. What do you think? n: Really? Who's your favourite r: Well, my company's been ,t: Well, l've read about that too, player? promising me a promotion for and there are arguments for and s: Ronaldhino. months but nothing's happened. agai nst. ,ł: Is he pIaying welI at the moment? s: Well, you've been working there s: What do you mean? s: Of course. a long time. Maybe it's time to ,ł: We|l. the one hand f|v to on vou move on... ,ą: Are you a big fan? interesting places and help with o: Fairly. projects, but on the other hand Lesson 3.4 Track 1.16 ,ą: What does he eat for breakfast? having lots of people travelling B: l've no idea! l'm not that kind of to parts of the world with 1 q: What kind of person are you? fan. I just like watching him play. ecological problems is probably n: I think l'm quite outgoing... R: Fine. How often do you go to the causing more problems. Another cinema? disadvantage is that we don't 2 q: What would you say is your have enough money to do that! biggest weakness? a: Quite often. It's quite expensive. n: Do you have any favourite actors n: Probably, that I tend to take o: or actresses? So, where should we go? my work home, though some ł: We||, I agree that it'd be a good a: Err. I like Johnny Depp movies. people call that a strength I idea to do something different He's pretty cool. And I met him suppose. rather than just sitting on a once! I went to the first night What interests have beach. How about going on an 3 e: do you premiere of a film in London and outside work? he was there. archaeological dig? R: Interesting. Do you often go to a: What's that exactly? ,ł: | |ike cycIing and visiting see celebrities? n: Well you travel to an ancient museums. place and help dig for old B: No, that was the only time. Oh 4 q: lf you were an animal what buildings and objects. A friend actually I also went to meet Julia would it be? of mine is working on one in the Roberts once... lfade] Sahara desert. I think we should R: That's a difficult one... a totn. leopard, perhaps.

BB 5 q: What do you think you can N: One idea my friend told me n: Well, we'll try to get a famous bring to this post? was to write the new word in soccer player to endorse the new different ways. So if you learn brand of shoe. So we'll have n: Well, in my last job I learnt to a new word like manage, you camera shots of him playing and use the latest technology. also write words like manager or of course he'll wear the shoe 6 q: How much of a team player management. which has your logo on the side. are you? r: Yes, that is a good idea. So how c: Will we have some kind of do you remember words n: Well, I have plenty of the catchy slogan? experience of working with - because they might be in your n: Err maybe. Perhaps at the end groups of people. notebook but can you use them? of the advert the player will say N: Well, one technique I use is to something about the product q: How do you 7 think your write them on pieces of paper which is easy to remember. colleagues would describe and test myself. That's a good you? way because I practise on the bus Lesson 5.4 Track 1.29 ,ł: I think the peop|e l work when l'm going to work... lfade] Chairman, Rose /oyce, Cuest closely with would say I was -frack supportive. Lesson 4.3 1.22 One ,ł: lf the Covernment doesn,t c: Cood morning everyone and 8 q: Can you tell me about your spend more money on teaching thank you for coming. Our qualifications? languages then other languages purpose today is to present plans ,ą: We|l, I have a degree in might die out. for the new advertising campaign business studies and an MBA. B: Yes, but if we teach school on the Internet. The presentation students these languages, there is divided into three parts. l'll Lesson 4.2 Track 1.20 won't be time for important begin with an overview of the subjects like malhs target market and what kind Teacher, Natalie or science. ,t: I agree that those subjects are of websites we are thinking of r: So, Natalie. You're a good also important, but in the future visiting. Then my colleague, Rose language learner, so what children will need to be bilingual Joyce, will present some designs techniques do you have for in order to get a job. Besides, for banner ads and finally we'll learning English? For example, students at school won't just have take questions. lf you have any when you meet a word for the to learn the language but could questions during the talk, then first time what's the first thing you learn about cultures feel free to ask... OK [fade] do? as well. s: Yes that might help. But of N: I suppose if I know the meaning Two course, if they want more then I might say it a few times so n: That brings us to the ads language classes, it'll cost money. I know how to say it properly. themselves. Please look at the R: That's ridiculous. lt won't cost r: Do you use a dictionary? screen. As you can see on this that much! banner advertisement, we're N: Sometimes. But I prefer to hear a s: Besides if everyone speaks keeping the company colour and word first if I can. English, they don't need to learn the letters of the name are the r: Creat. And do you write it down any other languages. same. or make a note of it? G: Excuse me, can I ask a question? N: Yes, I have a notebook that I keep '1.26 Lesson 5.3 Track R: Sure, go ahead. all my new words in. After my English lesson I like to write up Cu stomer, Adve rtisi n g age nt c: Why haven't you included the any words. c: So what are you planning? logo? r: So what do you write? n: What we're planning is a new n: We feel that for this kind of advert the logo isn't necessary. r: I like to try and put it into my TV commercial that we'll show own language. during sporting events like soccer Web users are more interested matches. in images and photos even r: You mean translate it? We'll also promote your - company by sponsoring sporl in moving things, and the logo just N: That's right. schools. didn't fit in...[fade out] r: And do you write a definition or c: That sounds great. So what will anything like that? Three happen in theTV commercial? N: Not usually, because my c: So that brings us to the end of dictionary tells me that. the presentation. Are there any questions? r: OK. ls there anything else you write down about the w,ord?

B9 AUDIOSCRIPTS

c: Yes, it's about your costs. They Ah yes, but I intend to begin Well, we think we'll need about seem very high. I thought lnternet by offering lots of discounts three hundred. was advertising supposed to be to get people to come to me. t: Er... l'm afraid that would be cneaper. And besides, people like corner a bit difficult. That's a large c: That's true in terms of production shops for things like milk and quantity. We wouldn't have that costs but you have to remember bread. lt's a different type of amount in stock. that there is much more time market... [fade) n: I know, but the more we oroer spent on finding suitable sites for lhe lower our shipping costs the banner adverts. Also, market Lesson 6.3 Track 2.5 will be. What about if we paid research is much more complex Gucci opened his first shop in earlier? So instead of payment on because you need to find out Florence in 1920. delivery we could pay - say 50 where different customers are percent before. How do you feel going. On the other hand, this After a few years of working for about that? means that you target your himself, he had built a reputation can t: Let me check if I understand you. for his leather craftsmanship and market more carefully. You'd pay us half the amount accessones. c: But that still doesn't explain before you receive them? why...lfade out] Later, Cuccio's four sons helped A: Yes, would you be able to do him run the frrm. that? That sounds fine. CD2 ln 1953 the first overseas shop r: You know we opened in New York City. could probably do something Lesson 6.1Track2.2 about the shipping costs as In the same year Cuccio died and well.. . lfade] Ban k m an ager, Custonter he never saw the Cucci empire aN4: So you intend to open your spread around the world. Lesson 7.2Track 2.9 shop next month. His grandson, Maurizio (1949- ,ł: The materiaI for this must be c: That's right. 1995) took over the business in the very strong. We don't want it to ałł:What kind of premises do you 'l 980s and enjoyed great success. break while people are carrying have? it around. He became president of the c: Well, it's a small shop on the a: That's right. We shouldn't use company in 1989. corner of a street. Towards the metal because it's too heavy. end of the high street near the Following a series of legal and c: Yes I agree. lf we use a strong bus station. family problems, the company was plastic, we can make it in lots sN^: I see. And what kind of funding sold off in 1993. of different colours and it's also do you have so far? possible to make a rectangular c: Well, my father has given me Lesson 6.4Track2.6 snape. some and a couple of other t: Why rectangular? lt doesn't have Italian salesman, American su pplier family members. And l'll to look like all the competitors' l: Hello, Prima Furnishings. Can I probably have to sell my house. designs, does it? | think we help you? s,\a: And so how much do you want should try to come up with ,ł: He||o, |,m calIing from a to borrow from the bank? something new. We could make company in the United States c: About fifty thousand. circular players for example. and we've been looking at your sN : And when you forecast your s: True, but we mustn't produce catalogue. We're thinking of profit and losses for the first something which people placing a large order. year, how much of this do you can't easily carry. The classic r: I see. Are you a supplier in the think you can pay back per rectangular shape works because US? month? it's easy to put in your pocket. A: Yes, we supply furniture stores. c: About a thousand a month. c: Well, we can design a few Especially slightly upmarket ones aN1: But everyone knows that the versions and test them on and we really like your range of first year is the hardest for consumers. lamps a great deal. attracting new customers. And A: No, we can't because we don't l: That's nice to hear. Were there your main competitors, the two have enough time before the any in particular? big supermarkets outside the launch next spring. R: We were thinking of ordering centre, also happen to be the s: I know, but we shouldn't launch some of the Fatima lamps. market leaders. Don't you think it until we're ready, otherwise it they have all the customers r: OK. So how many would you won't sell. al ready? like to order?

90 AUDIOSCRIPTS

Lesson 9.1 Track 2"16 Lesson 9.4 frack f .19 5 of getting plain, Student, Careers advisor ,ą: What do you think about asking We thought wooden ones but I think plastic are s: l'm lhinking of going into Malcolm Bernier who has just better for outside when it rains or engineering but l'm not sure if finished the Randalf Tower? - for bad weather. Anyway, they're it's the right choice for me. s: Creat idea. Do you think he'd be very comfortable. I actually wanted c,ł: Wel|, first of aIl, it,s important to free? green plastic ones but I could only note that the term engineering l don,t know, but we can ask. 'ą: get them in white. can mean different things. For c: Sorry, but I don't think that's a example, there's mechanical good idea. His buildings are Lesson 10.3 Track2.22 engineering which includes often criticised for being ugly. things like aerospace, the car ,ą: WeIl, that,s probabIy a good Radio presenter, Doctor lohn Stivers industry or even building things reason to invite him. The students RP: Today l'm talking to Doctor for military use. will have lots of questions. lohn Stivers about living it s: Well, really l'd like to do c: I don't know about that. And he longer. Doctor Stivers, isn't something that helps the isn't very good at talks. I saw true that humans have always environment. him last month and he was very tried to live longer? So surely c,t: Well, there's environmental boring - and really unprepared. people talking about ways of living to a hundred is just a engineering. lf you did that s: What about inviting him and fash ion. you'd be working in areas like another designer so we can have finding ways to stop pollution some kind of debate? oR ,|s: Yes, it's true that the human race has always tried to live from factories or how to clean ,ł: That,s a possibIe soIution. What up after an in the longer that's part of how oil spill do you think about that? - ocean. Do you like solving humans have survived for c: Yes, let's do that. Much more problems? so long. At a basic level we i nteresti ng. s: Yes, I suppose so. try to do this by avoiding ,ł: We a|| agree then. We,|| do that. c,ł: WeII a|| engineers are prob|em- danger but living longer also s: Why don't we ask Lance Weiss? solvers. You'll also be really means we need to find a safe He was the one who built that keen on building new things. place to live. And of course famous bridge... plenty of food and a sense of I suppose you could say that ronmental belonging to a community envi engineers Lesson 1O.2 Trark2.21 spend a lot of time modifying - humans are very social, so being with others is part of mechanical inventions to make 1 them environmental ly friendly! Those are new, aren't they? They're survival and feeling healthy. !aughsl. so cool. I love that new seventies RP: So why are people living retro look that everyone's wearing longer nowadays? ls it just Lesson 9.3 Track 2.17 now. Do they fit you OK, they're because we have better cures not too tight? for sickness? The new tunnel will in fact be a set on ls: Well, that is the main reason. of three tubes, each of which will 2 As humans we rvork towards be 72 kilometres long in total. That's Sorry, but I think l've lost it. ll's gol medical advances and about one-and-a-half times longer a black plastic strap and a white, improving our houses and than the Channel Tunnel between metal face. making life more comfortable the United Kingdom and France. 52 3 this all helps. And we seem kilometres of this will be under the - Audrey Hepburn looked great to be successful. Figures sea, with the remaining 20 above wearing them in all those old show that the number of ground and taking passengers to rail movies and now they've become people who are living to a terminals at each end. The average such a beautiful, classic design. hundred is increasing every depth of the undersea section will You can't walk anywhere in ltaly year. We estimate that there be 45 metres. We estimate that the without seeing someone in a cool, is currently one person in average journey time through the black pair whether the sun's shining every 10,000 who is over tunnel by train will be about 25 or not. one hundred. minutes, travelling at around I60 We often hear that women kilometres per hour. The overall 4 RP: live longer than men. ls this cost is currently thought to be in the It doesn't look like it'll be large still true? region of 25 billion pounds. enough for my photo. Also, I think a silvel metal one would look better than blue plastic. lt wouldn't cost that much more.

91 AUDIOSCRIPTS

-Frack DR ls: Yes, it's generally accepted, Lesson 10.4 2.24 Lesson 11.4frack2.27 though medical science n: Cood morning everyone. We're M: So what do you fancy this hasn't found real answers here to discuss the facilities for evening? as to why. In fact, in recent older people at the beach. Who w: Nothing violent. I don't want years, the average lifespan for would like to begin? you to Bet any more of those men has been catching up to s: I would. l'm very unhappy that films with endless fight scenes that of women's. we nave to pay to Bet to the and awful acting. Really? That is interesting. So, RP: beach. lt doesn't help that the M: How about this one? what advice would you have car park is a fifteen-minute walk w: But that's by the same director. for anyone wishing to live from the beach. . . Yes, but it's very different from longer? M: ,ł: PIease make your point. his others. on ls: Well, l'm sure anyone s: Well, it isn't acceptable that we Well, the front looks very listening will have heard w: should pay. lt should be free similar with all those people most of them before. Eat for pensioners to get on to the fighting. How about a nice well, so... lots of fruit and beach. romantic comedy? | haven't vegetables. Few overweight ,ł: I see holv you feel. Thank you for seen this one before. people live to be a hundred your comment. l'll look into the and obviously smokers tend M: We must be able to find matter. to die before a hundred. something much better than c: Sorry, can I just say something Then there are other factors. that. lt'll just be lots of kissing in please? People who are a hundred fields. What's this? are good at dealing with R: Su re. Co ahead . . . [fadel w: lt's that TV series about global stress and optimistic, and warming. lt's beautifully filmed also tend not to be poor. Lesson 11.3 Track 2.26 but l'd rather watch something I don't mean they have to lnterviewer, Marlene less serious this evening. have some M: This looks good. lt's set on a be rich but they r: Hello, Marlene. You've.just spaceship and slowly everyone money and financial security. finished your first TV show. Do di sappears. RP: So you're saying we can you think you'll do another? live I suppose we could do a lot control whether we M: l'll take some time off first. w: longer or not. worse than that. I do like the r: Why's that? Didn't you enjoy it? on ls: Not entirely. Everyday there actress in it. M: No. I loved doing the show but is new research into the I need a break. genes in our bodies and Lesson 11.5 Track 2"28 Does that mean you are having scientists have found that r: a break from fashion modelling Cood morning Ladies and some of us are programmed as well? Gentlemen and thank you for from birth to live longer. coming. The purpose of today's M: No. In fact l'm going to Milan RP: And finally, are there any meeting is to update you on the for a clothes photo shoot next problems with living longer? university's open day. l've divided WCCK. Perhaps not everyone wants the meeting into two parts. Firstly, r: I see. So has the TV show to live to a hundred l'll tell you about the plans and changed your life? on ts: That's the question more then, we'll discuss who is in M: No, it hasn't, though more and more people - and charge of what. Feel free to ask any people recognise me in the governments - are asking. questions at any stage... [fade] street and try to say hello and I think people who worry about living longer are in touch me. Lesson 12.3 Track 2.31 danger of not enjoying the r: Does that bother you? Newsreader: And now local news. present. And just because M: Yes, it does, a bit. I used to be .l Members of a bank were held you live to 01, it doesn't able to go to the supermarket hostage for over three hours this mean that you will also be but last week l'd just paid for morning as police tried to convince healthy. my shopping when a newspaper the robber to give himself up. photographer took my picture. Nigel Low, aged 29, pointed a gun r: Do you get tired of the cameras? at staff and told them to give him M: No, never. l've been doing this the money behind the desks. A for years. lf I kind of thing five member of staff managed to press don't like it, l'll have to become the emergency button and police a recluse I suppose. arrived in minutes. Low eventually gave himself up and no-one was

92 AUDIOSCRIPTS

hurt. The gun turned out to be a Lesson 2.2 Ex 3 Lesson 9.3 Exercise 2 toy. Meanwhile, in the case of answers: 'ta the Dublin boy who hacked into Quiz comDuters. it was the turn of the 1B 2a orosecutor todav to talk to witnesses about the character of the boy. One 2A 3c witness described him as 'a nice 3C 4t) boy who would never hurt anyone.' The case continues. 4A sb 5C 6b Lesson 12.4 Track 2.32 /a Members of the jury, the facts of this case are simple but let me Bc summarise the main facts for 9a you one more time so there is no doubt in your minds. At 9 p.m. 10b on a Sunday evening, Kerry Kane entered the garage and pulled out a gun. He told the cashier to give him the money. Half an hour later he was caught by the police with f2O1O. There should be no doubts in your minds that this man is guilty. However, you have to decide the punishment to fit this crime. You can look at it in two ways. You can see Mr Kane as a dangerous criminal who should have been taken off our streets months ago. Or you can see Mr Kane as a victim of his childhood. A man with no close relationships and repeated bad behaviour at school.

93 Unit 1 Lesson 1 7 What do extroverts do/form? 6 B How influential was Jung? 1 9 Which (personality) t kind of TV tests are based Yn:, programmes do you 1 sensible on his theory? lrkea 2 ambitious W.no 10 Which filmmaker read his work? ] s.your favourite player? 3 cautious 11 What did he interpreti 3 ls he playing well at the moment? 4 assertive 4 Are you 12 Which book did he write in 1957? a big fan? 5 talkative 5 What does he eat for breakfast? 6 bossy Unit t Lesson often do you go to the cinema? 7 creative 3 9 lo* / uo you have any favourite actors or B organised 1 actresses? B Do you often 1 anti go to see celebrities? 2a 2 under 1 adve4.lurous 3ex Unit 1 Lesson 4 2 easy-going 4 dis 3 ambitious 5 mis 1 4 even-tempered 6 mono 1B 5 cautious 7 over 2h 6 open-minded B semi 3b 7 energgtic 9 dis 4a I organised 10 re 5I reJiable 9 1'l out 6d 10 self-confident 12 under 7e 11 gęneroUs 13 in Bc 12 creqtive 14 bi 2 3 2 don,t we emptoy Magda? 1 insensitive ] lny 1 do you do 2 | suggest we ca|| him and 2 unambitious ńe if he 2 start wants thejob. 3 impatient 3 makes 3 How about giving them all unsociable a team 4 4 compares task? 5 unreliable 5 is probably giving 4 What about checking their references 6 are reading before we decide? Unit 1 Lesson 2 7 's also trying 5 What do you think about petra? B runs 6 I agree with Michael. 4 Signature l: Mostly b) 3 3a l'm 1c Signature 2: Mostly a) working in the office at the moment 2b but my boss always has lunch Signature 3: Mostly c) at l2 so 3b I'm writing to you while he,s out. Are you having 4c 5 a good time in Barcelona at 5c the moment? What do you Signature 1: an A person think of Vour 6a course? How s the weather? lt.s raining 7a 7 herel 1 How Unit 1 Lesson 5 2 Whar 4 t has 3 Have 4Do 2 believe 1 3 is going up 1 $200,000 J VVNETC 4 are becoming 2 speeches 6 Why .l / 5 take 3 between 9 and O million dollars 6 shows 4 350 talks B ^reDoes 7 has (have) 5 combat HIV/Aids. 9 What .10 B think How 9 are beginning 2 'll When 10 replace 1 However 12 ls 2 Although 5 3 example I -lc 4 Despite 2e 5 because 3a 6 contrast 4b 7 sum 5d B balance 3 6 Who don't (doesn,t) like crowds? 1d 2b 94 ANSWER

3f 4 B invited 4a 9 spent 1 started .10 sg z leti didn't spend 6c 11 bought 7e 3 followed 4 walked 12 've already booked 5 rou nal "l Unit 2 Lesson 6 was 4 7 photographed 1 | travelled all night. 1 B went 2 He climbed this mounrarn. 9 continued 3 They've worked here for years. 10 became 4 She's told him the news 5 We talked to them. 5 6 lt hit the building. .l reached (B) 2 led (A) 5 3 became (C) 1 was 4 sailed (A) 2 told s made (C) 3 took 4 beSan 6a 5 ntmeo .l stopped in-vent-ed 3 6 / survtveo 2 danced I swum 3 dis-cussed 2 8 has also swum 4 dec-id-ed 3 t 5 lrav-eileo I 10 was 11 packed 6 a-rrived 2 12 took 7 in-trod-uced 3 2 B land-ed 2 1 broaden 9 worked I 6 2 explore 10 lift-ed 2 1 did explorers tell us about their 3 find aoventu res 4 get 7 2 did Martin Strel take with him 5 become 3 did the camera men firm We travelled across the desert for 6 see 4 did these sections of river stop in the another week 7 respect and then began to climb past mounlains. During this time, one 8 find out ot our 5 did his back-up team pack animal team began to feel sick. We carried him food 3 but the journey was slow. Then, two days later, some people 1 insurance policy found us and 7 took us to their tents. They lived in the 2 travel agent desert. Their leader was an old man and 1F 2F 3T 4F 5T 3 holiday resort he brought medicine to us. We didn't b | /r 4 Dress codes know what the medicine was but after a 5 package tour week our friend was better. The people B in the desert gave us more food and 1 Many other travel writers. .l Unit 2 Lesson 2 water and we set out once again into 2 In 905. the heat and the sun. 3 ln 1933. 1 4 Four years later. 15 1 7 3 96 B 2 5 The road to Oxiana. lllltrrl Unit 2 Lesson 3

1 940 1 964 1972 1977 r 989 1 Unit 2 Lesson 4 1d 2 2f 1 1 set out 3a llr 2 stop off 4C 2b 3 get to sg 3a 4 get back 6b 4C 5 look around 7e Jd 6 carry on 3 2 3 t have you been 1tl 1 check in 2 spoke zl 2 check out 3 've just returned 3e 3 get in 4 flew 4d 4 take off 5 walked J( 5 stop over 6 've never done 6a 6 pull over 7 took -Ó7s 6 srnce 3 Unit 3 Lesson 1 7 srnce 1 we should 'l B for 2 arBUments for and against 3 one hand 1 rewarding 4 other hand 2 challenging 7 I nte r v iewe r, Can d i d ate 5 disadvantage 3 glamorous r: So in your current job I see that 6 a good idea to 4 stressful you've mainly been working from ,/ r1OW 5 repetitive home. How long have you been B think 6 flexible doing that? exciting is the extra word c: Well, I've been working for my Unit 2 Lesson 5 2 employer for about three and a half years but after a couple of years I 1 Oo stressfu I was able to begin doing some of my glamorous, challenging, 1 Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas. Ooo work at home. flexible 2 She attended Columbia University in r: So, how's it been going? | mean, rewarding, exciting nineteen nineteen. oOo have you been enjoying it? repetitive 3 She went to her first air show in oOoo c: Actually, it's one of the reasons l'd nineteen twentv. like to change jobs. I love my work 4 Her first record was to Ę at fourteen 4 but I miss working in a team. That's thousand feet. 1 for one of the things which has attracted 5 Most oeoole remember her as the 2 for me to this post. first woman to fly solo non-stop 3to r: So if we offered you the chance to across the Atlantic. 4in work from home, you wouldn't take 6 She took off from New Brunswick. .5 c)T it? 7 She oublished two books about her 6on c: Well, obviously if the job required it, exoenences. 7 for then that would be fine. But l'd really Bin prefer to work alongside people. I 2 think that's one of my strengths - my 'l writer Unit 3 Lesson 2 ability to communicate. 2 1905 3 Studied 1 Unit 3 Lesson 3 4 architecture 1a travel 5 2c 1 6 Died/aship 3a 1 d / KUSSta 4t) 2 f 8 Tibet -)( 3 o 9 Road 6a 4 e 7l) 5 a 3 8a 6 C 1 After 9c 2 Before 10b 2 3 During 1 F when 4 2 2 T 5 atter 1b 3 F while 6 2t) 4 F ,/ wnen 3c 5 F while B 4a 6 T 9 before 10 during 4 3 1b 2c 3c 4c 5a shock tactics 4 contact details But before I had finished my first 3 5a survey results year, I decided to leave and travel. t have I been waiting past expeflnce While we were living there, I started 2 2 've been reading killer question a degree in business at the university. 3 has been chasing customer Servtces In 2003, during a trek in the 4 4 have I been doing recrurtment aSency Himalayas, I met my wife, Angela. 5 have been studying smart appearance iinished our journeY 5 After we had 6 has been promising we round the world together, 7 have been working 4 started an online tourist buslness, 1 contact details specialising in tourism to exotic 6 2 survey results praces. 1 since 3 killer question 1 In 1995 my family moved to Brussels 2 since 4 shock tactics when my father took a job there. 3 for 5 past experience 4 since 6 customer servtces -5 IOr

96 ANSWER KEY

7 recruitment agency 6e spare time I like rock-climbing and B smart appearance 7c team sports. | .rm an outgoing person with good 5 3 'l .l leadership skills and am good with 've done glad teenaBers. 2 've been doing 2 question I am available anv time for an intervierv. 3 've replied 3 detail I look forward to meetinB you to discuss 4 's been talking 4 moment my application. 5 have you spent 5 ASK 6 have you been waiting 6 expert Yours faithfully, / useo 7 honest B complained Unit 4 Lesson '! 9 's broken 4 '10 have applied -l person 1 2 weakness rsranS 6 3 interests 2 accent I alldav 4 animal 3 native speakers 2 in the last three weeks 5 bring 4 grammar 3 in the last hour 6 team 5 foreign languages 4 for days / coileaBUes 6 bilingual 5 at the interview B qualifications 7 dialcct 6 years 7 in three hours J 2 B B o'clock this morning ł1 1 lets a2 2 catch 7a ó.-of 3 falling 1 We've been here for hours. (6) c+ 4 picks 2 I've intervlewed three people. (5) b5 5 get 3 She's been interviewing all week. (6) h6 6 take 4 They've had their interview. (5) e7 7 keep 5 He's been employed as a manager. (7) dB 6 You've allvays worked as a teacher. (7) 3b 7 lt's been going rvrong ior dal,s. (7) Unit 3 Lesson 5 1 | can't kccp_up with the class. 2 Take-up-a hobby. B 3 He catches-on well. .l 1 How long have you been rvriting that 4 She has-a foreign-accent. Paragraphl 1e293hab report? 5 l'm learning to drive-a car. 2 How many reports have you wrltten? Paragraph2 5f 6a 7c Bd 6 Can-l Iearn-it-easilv2 3 Have you been waiting a long time? 4 Where has he lived? 2 Unit 4 Lesson 2 5 Where have they been living? 1 | 'm writing to apply for the post of trainee journalist, 6 Who has she been interviewing all 1 morning? 2 which you advertised in this 1 They're going to do mornrng's newspaper. 7 How many have they interviewed 2 l'll callyou. this morning? 3 | have alwavs been interested ln 3 People won't stop current affairs and l'll probably see vou 4 local politics and I rvould like the 'l Unit 3 Lesson 4 5 We're meeting at three opportunrty to report on them. 6 She's goinB to join us 5 I am an outgoing, confident person 1 7 When Jre vou returning trom with good Beijing?/ When will you be rcturning recruit more staff 6 communication skills. In nry spare from Beijing? deal with complaints (customers) time I have also run 8 Sorr,v, I'm not going to work here research nelv markets 7 the student newsletter at my un rverstty. set objectives 2 I I am available at a fany, time a prediction .rbout the [uturc: J serve customers convenient to you for an I 2 a decision made at the time of put together a plan 9 intervieW where I look forward to speaking:2 reduce costs discussing mv appl icat ion. 3 an intention for the future: 1 (6, 8) lead a team 3 4 a fixed arrangement, plan or programme: 5 2 Dear Sir/Madam 1b I am writing to apply for the post of 3 )o .l -D sumnrer school activities leaoer as 'm going to applv 3f advertised in the student magazine. 2 'll probably leave 4a I have been interested in outdoor 3 're meeting 5d activities for many years and in mv

97 4 'll ask 7 won't cost 'Unless colleges offer these kinds of 5 'm goinB B study courses, deaf people will never really 6 ',ll do be part of society.' ./ wilt use 2 .l 'lf ASL is equal to traditional languages, B 's picking 'll see it will have the same number of words 9 are going to sell 2 arrive and emotional range.' 10 'll see 3 don't use 'lf you understand and use sig,n will start 4 language, you'll understand the world don't ask 4a 5 the same as in any other language.' 1 She's going to leave at five. (6) 6 won't come 2 l'll go now if that's OK. (6) 7 see 4 Lesson 4 3 | am going after lunch. (5) B will you study Unit 4 We're meeting in a minute. (5) 5 They'll call you back at eight. (6) 3a .l1 6 He's catching the train tonight. (5) 1 The Covernment. I don't know about thar. 7 lt will work if we make it work. (B) 2 Bilingual 2 lf we do that, it will cause some 8 You,re going to do it, aren,t youł' (7) 3 Culture problems. 4 Language classes 3 | think you're right. 5 4 | think that would worr<. 5 I'm afraid I don't like that idea. 1 let 3b lt's definitely worth considering. 2 permit 1 might die out 6 7 l'm not sure about that. 3 allow 2 get a job B What will happen if we do that? 4 allow 3 other cultures 5 permitted 4 maths and science 6 Let 5 costs extra money 3 6 everyone speaks English 1 will happen if we do that 6 2 | don't like that idea 3 think you're right 1 look it up 4a 2 write them up (note them down) 4 know about that ż if we do that 3 write them out (write them up) -l lf we spend any more money, we 5 work 4 read them out 6 that would 5 read up on it won't have any-\ left. 6 note them down 4a report 2 lf we teach languages,-V they'll become A: I read a that says if children 7 learn a language from the age of four, it improves their intelligence. 1c bi I ingual.-\ 2b Do you think we should introduce 3a 3 Students won,t have time for -śn Spanish classes for the younger 4C \-\ pupils? B: lt's definitely worth considering. lf f,d we teach English. we have lessons, it will make them 9 4 We don't need to learn a language,-Y if bilingual more quickl,. A: Yes, I think you're right. Let's do New research figures show that we sent everyone else speaks English. that. And we could also buy some just over J billion tc\t messaBes last computer programs for them to use month. This figure was up by twenty- during the lessons. five percent on May and beat the J 1F B: I don't know about that. These previous monthly record of two point 2r computer programs can be a lot of five billion texts sent in March. One money. representative for the research company 3F A: Well, I agree that it will be said that texting is going to become the 4r FT expensive initially, but once we've normal form of communication for all -tl 6F bought the software we can use it mobile phone users. She also predicted with the children year after year. /f that we will send almost 40 billion texts And they like using the computers. this year. That will mean figures are up 6 I also thought we could start an by nearly a third on last year. after-school Spanish club. We'd There are five sentences in the first have games and songs in Spanish Unit 4 Lesson 3 conditional: for anyone interested. What do you 'lf more money and resources aren't thinkł 1 given to traditional foreign language B: Yes, I think that would work. A lot of 1 spends classrooms in the USA, some people kids would really enjoy it. 2 won't be believe languages such as French or A: l'm glad you like the idea. 3 work Cerman might die out.' 4 'll pass 'lf we offer an American Sign Language Unit 4 Lesson 5 5 get (ASL), we'll have enough students for 6 'll arrive three courses.' 1 1 over 2 under 9B ANSWER KEY

3 fitth 5 radio spot 3 a half 6 endorsement 1 a funny as 5 exactly / sroe oT DUs b funnier than 6 approximately 2 a strictest 7 more 2 b as strict as a fifths 1l) 3 a the tastiest 9 almost 2c b as tasty as 10 well 3a 4l) 4 5D 2 1 TV commercial 1 a half of 6a 2 sportrng events 2 a third 7C 3 soccer matches 3 a third 4 sponsoring sport in schools 4 a quarter 3 5 endorse the new brano 5 a lrnn 1 cachet 6 logo on the side. 6 a third/third privilege 2 7 is easy to remember. 7 a quarter 3 subtle 4 a downturn 5a 3 5 scene lal lal lal 6 blurred .l The two charts show the percentages Mark's as tall as Michael. 7 sacrif iced of students learning foreign languages lal lal lal B global appeal in school five years ago and last year. 2 Coffee tastes better than tea. The language with the biggest increase lal lal of 20 percent has been Spanish. In 4 3 lt's a lot faster. 1 would ('d) choose addition, Chinese has also increased lel lal had by 9 percent. However, the number of 2 4 We're sellers of soft drinks. 3 students learning French and Cerman Save lal were (was) have decreased by 20 percent and 9 4 5 ls it as expensive? percent. 5 would ('d) happen 6 had 6 7 wouldn't receive Unit 5 l-esson 1 B wouldn't buy Philips Electronics: Let's make things better. 1 Duracell: No battery is stronger longer. 1 grabbing 5 1 will know 2 catching Apple Computers: Everything is easier 2 knew 3 catchy on a Mac. 3 'll get 4 stronS Pfizer pharmaceuticals: Working for a 4 would give 5 attentron healthier world. s 'll pay 6 desire Country Life butter: You'll never put a 6 would happen 7 action better bit of butter on your knife. 7 will be 8 persuasive B will do Nescafe: Coffee at its besr. 9 original Maltesers (chocolates): The lighter way 10 exotic Unit 5 Lessetn 3 to enjoy chocolate. 3a Disneyland: The happiest place on Earth 1 persuaSrve .l Dodge Trucks: Bigger in Texas, Better in Advertising managers a Dodge attention 2 interactive website promote 3 persuasive message Unit 5 Lesson 4 soonsorsh io 4 attractive target 5 Media analysis commercial 1 6 junk food exotrc -lc / rast rooo enoorse 2e 8 vast sums 3g slogan 4a effective 2 JI 1 better loso 61 2 most worrying desi re 7t 3 tatter Bd misleadine 4 shorter eh later .10 5 lr Unit 5 Lesson 2 6 most effective 7 worse 2 1 B wider Cood morning everyone and thank you 1 word-of-mouth 9 more persuasive -10 for coming. 2 poster more aware 3 TV commercials 4 leaf let 99 ANSWER KEY

Our purpose today is to 3 4 switched The presentation is divided into three 1 enquire about 5 was eating pans. 2 information about 6 began just lf you have any questions 3 horrified by 7 was wondering B threw Please look at the screen. 4 show,/on 5 complain about 9 was trying So that brings us to the end of the problem w,ith 10 saw presentation. 6 7 apologise for 1'l was asking Are there any questions? B look forward to 12 were 3 3 Unit 6 Lesson 1 I saw ?nposz o( p{6(LtAtia^ 2 was/were offering 1 To vrutlt plars {ov lkt rcn ad'uułisin3 3 went charge high prices c aup ai 4w o w T|, o I Jt Tć1?-A e,f 4 were also buying make a profit s bought )+1.|

100 ANSWER KEY

After a few years of working for himseli, Unit 6 Lesstsn I 4 lf you rnrish, I would also be happy tcr he had built a reputation for his leather gire vou.l tour ot lhe i..rclor;. cra[tsmanship and act essorie:. 1 5 | look forr,vard to seeing you. Latel Cuccio's four sons helpecJ him 1 Thc United States 6 Yours sincerelv run the firnr. 2 From their catalogue. a HiJake ln 1953 the first overseas sho;t opened 3 A supplier of furniture stores. b Cood to hear fronr you. in New York City. 4 Their Fatima lamps. c The party sounds great l'd love to Three hundred. In the same year Cuccio died and he 5 come. They don't have that stock never sa!\/ the Cucci empire spread 6 amount in d Shall I bring anythingl lt reduces around the world. 7 shipping costs. e See you there. 8 50% of the payment before delivery. Allthe best His grandson, Maurizio 11949 1995), f took over the business in the 1 9BOs ancl 2a -l (Suggested.^ enjoyed great success. .l J answers) How many would you like to order? 1 Dear customer He became president of the company We are 2 thinking of placing a large 2 | am writing to infornr you about a in 1989. order. change on our rvebsite Following a series of legal and family, 3 l'm afraid that would be a bit 3 | anr delighted to tcll you that you problems, the company was sold otT in difficu lt. can no\v order online, 1993. 4 What about if rve paid earlier? 4 Wc u,,ould be grateful if you could 5 How do you feel about that? register within the next two rveeks. 5 6 Let nre check if I understand you. 5 Do not hesitate to email me if vou 1 manage 7 Would vou be able to do that? neecl an; assislant e wiltl lhis. 2 manager B That sounds fine 6 I Iook forward to speaking to you 3 manufacture soon. 4 manufacturer 3a.l / YOUrS Srn(eret)'. 5 competition l'm afraid he's out. 6 competitor That will be really us. -ł 2 difficult for Unit 7 !-cssetn 7 employ , y;J: thinking of placing a large 8 employment 1 9 advertise 4 That sounds great! 1 designer 1 0 advertisi ngladvertisemenVadvert 5 l'nr so sorrv but I can't 2 scientific 11 supply 6 Hou manv would rou like? 3 manufacturcr/s 12 supplier 7 Did you say a hundred? 4 productive B Can you deliver by tomorrorv? 6 5 user 6 development '1 manager 4 7 innovative 2 manufacturing r') 1 N T T Y B invention 3 management P Y E N T 9 artist 4 advertisement 10 enginecr 5 emproy .t B R C N 6 competitors 4 D S (_ o N T 2 / suppiler( s) P R o F T traditional 8 manutacture l 6 D E E R Y futuristic 9 employment 2 .l0 R mass-produccd advertise 7 C E 3 4 elegant 11 supply B R E T L E R 5 streamlined 12 manufacturer/s 9 o R D E R 6 hand-made 7 7 innovative Unit 6 Lesson 5 B retro 1 was born 2 had been 1 3 had left .lc Unit 7 Lr:sson 2 4 started 2t 5 founded 3d 1 6 was launching 4a l Streamlining 7 were selling 5b 2 optimisnr 8 launched 6e 3 nrodernitv 9 moved 7h 4 consunrerism Bg 5 industrialisation B 6 efficiency t had been 2 7 Ergonomics B Recy,cling 2 started 1 Dear Mr Smith 9 innovation 3 closed 2 With refercnce to your previous 4 had planned email . . . 'd made /went 2a 5 3 | would be delighted to mect you next week. 1 Ooo

101 ANSWER KEY

2 Oooo 3 oOoo 3 3 4 oOooo Streamlining in design began in the 5 oOoooOo nineteen thirties. Designers increased /\ 6 oOoo the efficiency of transport and this ilangle circle influenced the design of other products. 3a Consumers wanted designs which plaver; player suggested modernitv. Later in the sixties, tr 1 Personal music MP3 sq ua re rectangle 2 Metal, strong plastic. design reflected the new optimism 3 Rectangular, circular. of the period and the rise of the throwaway society. The period ffil 4 To test on consumers. saw new v----w materials 5 Next spring. and new shapes and colours cube 'r"'_ and design. Later in the century, there 3b was a reaction against the throwaway 4 culture and the damage caused by 1 strong l triangular industrialisation. Designers knew they 2 metal 2 circular must use energy-saving materials and 3 a strong plastic 3 square products with a focus on durability. 4 shape 4 rectan8ular 5 designs 5 cubic 6 pockeVs 4 6 spherical 7 versions 1A S launch 2C 5 3B l triangular 4 4A 2 square J \- 1 's possibly 3 circular 6A 4 rectanBular 2 aren't able 7B 3 's advisable 5 CUnrC BC 6 spherical 4 's important/'s essential 9A 5 's important/'s essential 108 6 's not advisable UnitT !-esson 5 7 isn't possible B 's advisable Unit 7 Lesson 4 1 9 aren't able 10 's possible 1a 1 Dear Ra1' 2 l'm writing about the attachment Vou sent with 2 Today l'd like to present this new I lhe lr,ro designs. I really like the firsl one 5a des rgn. 4 lvhich is made of rvood. lt rooxs verv 1a 1 However, the elegant handle is 5 stylish but not very functional, The second 2t) made completely of meta,. 3a 6 might be better because it's easv to use but 4a I Cood morning everyone and 7 it isn't verv innovative. How about combining thanks for coming. 8 the appearance of the first and the practicalitv oi J.l 6c 5 Because of this, one of the best 9 the second? Please send me vour new 7t) points is that it's unlikely to break 10 design by Thursdal, Ba when you use it. 9c 7 I'd expect that it would appeal 3 10b to anyone who enjoys a glass oi 1 Also wine with their dinner. 2 Consequently Unit 7 Lesson 3 6 At f5.50 it's excellent value for 3 On the other hand money ano... 4 As a resuit 1 3 As you can see it looks very 5 Moreover 1e similar to the old wooden design. 6 Although 2b 3f a corKscrew 4 1 Although 5d 2a 2 Moreover 6c 1 |t Iooks very Ę|ish. 3 consequently 2 lt has several oualities. 4 On the other hand 2 3 That's a special feature. 5 also 'l must 4 lt has a metallic base. 6 However 2 not possible 5 lt's excellent value for money plastir 3 can't 6 lt's made of a slrone . Unit B Lesson 'tr 4 might .l can T 1 6 must 'l Compulsory 7 Perhaps 2 private B certain 3 Higher 4 primary

102 ANSWER KEY

5 Continuous 3 A teacher is a person whose job is to 6e 6 secondary show students how to learn, as well 'o7a 7 Nursery as what to learn. 4 The mid-morning break is a period in 6 3 the school day when pupils relax and 1 My school, which won an award last 1c change classrooms. year, is a secondary school. 2f 5 Crades are marks that are often given 2 Mr Sanders, who runs the maths 3b for homework. department, is my favourite teacher. 4e 6 Nursery is a place where children 3 The library, which was built in 'l B0B, 5a aged 1 5 go. has over fifty thousand books. 6d 4 My university, which is one of the 6 most modern in the country, is 4 1 Students who miss school sometimes famous for science and research. 'la fall their exams. 5 The students, who were 2c 2 The school (where) | study at is a demonstrating agai nst the 3a mixed-sex school. government cuts in education, 4l) 3 Speak to the teacher who is in charge peacefully through the city 5c of sports. :J[:: 6c 4 Children who read with their parents 7b for 30 minutes a day at home do very Unit B Lesson 4 well at school.

5 This isn'tthe homework (which/that) | Unit 8 Lesson 2 1 did. l outstanding 6 The bag (whichithat) | left in the 1 2 well-stocked classroom is brown. 1 friendly 3 spacious 2 easy-going 4 break down 3 strict 7a 5 state-of-the-art 4 punctual 1go 6 well run 5 well-prepared 2 real 7 standard 6 pace 3 fact 7 unique 4 paid 2 B criticised 5 ltle 6 retake Where are you thinking of studying this year? Come to Riverside College 2 7 universitv B when where our outstanding teaching staff are 1 Elementary education waiting to help you. Our ninety-nine 2 higher education per cent pass rate, which is based on Unit 8 Lesson 3 3 continuous assessment results from the last five years, makes us 4 compulsory education one of the top colleges in the country. 5 graduates 1 You'll be amazed at the progress you 6 failed 1c make in such a short time. You'll enjoy 2f doing research in the well-run librarv 3 3a and using the state-of-the-art media l pupil 4e facilities. And when you want to relax 2 raincoat 5lr there's our spacious campus with 3 lessons beautiful views and walks. Call us now 4 teachers 2 on 08003445295 for a free brochure or 5 concentrate 1 myth visit us on www.riversidecollege.com 6 fresh air 2 fake 7 staff 3 accredited 3 B parents 4 accelerated 1 ways t happier s flexibility 2 options 10 enthusiastic 6 rnteract 3 advantage 4 things 4 3 5 way 1 who 1T 6 what 2 which 2F 7 thing 3 whose 3F B now 4 where 4F 5 when JI 4 1 sentence B 5 4 .td 2 sentence l 1 He's a professor who works at a 3 sentence 3 university in London. 2i 4 sentence 7 2 Exams are a requirement which take 3a 5 sentence 5 prace every summer. 4c 5b

103 ANSWER

Unit I Lesson 5 3a 6 4d 'l sb lle seen 1 6e 2 is (was) named a Scanning 3 has appeared b Skimming Bg 4 observed 5 was killed 2 6 was taken 1 Five. Unit 9 Lesson 2 7 exploded 2 Face-to-face and online learning. I was launched 3 For. 1 9 be seen 4 That employers won't accept degrees 1c from these schools. 2b Unit 9 Lesson 3 s Flexibility. 3e Your country's educational bodies. 6 4a 1 1a 3 2 a)a b)a c)an 'l asking 1b a- 2an 2 full a) The b) The c) The 3 wait 3b 3 the 4 sign up 4b a)0 b)0 c)0 5 Best wishes 5c 4 the/0 6 more a)0 b)0 c)0 7 happy 3 5 the BHi 1 meteorite 60 9 thank you 2 asteroid a)0 b)0 c)0 10 pick 3 deflect .11 7 the put inside 4 comet a) The b) The c) The '12 good 5 devastation 8a 6 impact 90 4 7 collision a) the 1 Dear I threat 10 a) The b) 0 c) The 2 grateful ior 3 comprehensive 4 2 4 As you will Big Thunder was opened at the 'la 5 enclosed Disneyland Resort in Paris. 2a 6 fee He was first employed by Disney in 3c 7 Please I 990. 4b B suitable 5r) 9 Should you After that he was also asked to work in 6b 10 hesitate the aerospace industry and b;r the car '11 | look f,orward to hearing firm Rolls Royce. Bc 12 Best In my previous job I was always being 9a told, 'That's not your job. 10b Unit 9 Lesson 1 BigThunder ride can be enjoyed at every Disney resort in the world. 3 1 1 Did you see the designs I told you l civil J about?. y' 2 aerospace 1 Mike Kent was employed by Rolls 2 | went to the India last year. X 3 biomedical Royce. 3 The Caspian Sea is the largest 4 mechanical 2 A satellite in space is used for enclosed body of water on Earth. y' 5 computer telecommu n ications. The, 3 | am always being told by my 4 AWeather hasn't been too good 3 manager not to do other people's recently, has it? X 1 engineering jobs. un/ 4 A new attraction has been created by 2 Mechanical 5 Being in a Shakespeare play is A Disneyland. 3 the car industry actor's dream. X 5 BigThunder can be enjoyed by 4 military use 6 lt's one of the ugliest buildings in the visitors at every Disnevland in the 5 Environmental city. r' world. 6 pollution tne/ 6 Four more rockets will be launched 7 clean up 7 What's A width of this door? X this year. I solving problems B We have a major problem with the 7 The planet can't be saved from a 9 keen on building new structure. y' meteorite collision. the/ I Our town wasn't hit by the hurricane. 4 9 When does A King make his speech? th x 2t 10 Temperatures in the Dubai reach over 40"C. X 104 ANSWER KEY

4 6 hook 2 We think 7 an that a lot of our adiectives noun impact decisions about fashion are made hgh height 2 independently. 3 Plenty of celebrities rvide width 'tc influence us and )s rong length 4 3f h Americans buv oeep depth 4h .5 little. squa re square 5b sted for their popularity changed at a circu lar circle 6d steady rate. triangular 'Ó triangle Be 2 l fashions 5 2 change t high 3 3 copy (follow) 1 Do 2 deep market research. Interview 4 innovators potential 3 square customers. 5 rate 2 Build a prototype 4 width based on results. 6 babies' names r tesl rne prolotype. 5 triangular 7 types of dogs. 6 circle 4 Make any modifications and test agatn. 3 6 5 lnvite journalists to the press launch. .l 1 A plastic garden chair. three 2 Andy (Suggurtud Warhol wore a black leather 2 72 kilometres 4 answer) jacket. 3 One-and-a-half times 3 She looked wonderful in her white 4 The United Kingdom ancl France wedding dress. ) )f ktlometres 4 .lames Bond often wears a black 6 Depth dinner jacket. 7 25 minutes 5 Put it in this wooden picture frame. B 160 km/h 6 I usually just wear a pair of ordinary 9 25 billion dollars bluejeans. 7 Theret a pretty red blouse in the 7a window. /e/ depth, length Unit 10 Lesson 1 B lr's a silver digital watch. /r/ dish, width 1 4 /i:/ sL;, O""O .l l influential Speaker : c /al wide, high, height 2 trendsetters Speaker 2: a /erl shu'", 3 spread Speaker "'tn, 4 must-have 3: e Speaker Unit 9 Lesson 4 5 charisma 4: f 6 imitate Speaker 5: b 1 7 outbreak 1a 5 2c 2a 1b a- 3c Ooo trendsetters,imitate,cultural 4b 3c oOo connectors, charisma, 4a behaviour 3 5c oOoo community 6a ooOo economic,influential, epidemics Ba 3 6 1on l afew 4 What do you think about that? 5 Creat idea. 2 out 2 None of 3 into 3 enough 6 Why don,t we ask Lance Weiss? 4 with 4 plenty 7 We all agree then. We,ll do that. 5 over 5 Some 6 out 6 couple Unit 9 Lesson 5 7on B down 1 Unit 10 Lesson 3 1 match 2 sections Unit 10 Lesson 2 1a 3 make 1 Humans. 4 cards 1 2 Women Fashions J atos 1 and trencls change at a steady rate according to research.

105 By eating well, (not being 3 walking (to walk) 3 outstanding overweight), being good at dealing 4 running 4 groundbreaking with stress, being optimistic, having 5 to celebrate enough money and financial security. 6 to show 4 To enjoy life at present, they don't 7 organising affairs oO want to be old and ill. B to use Oo 9 arranging country 2a 10 having entertainment ooOo 1F computer oOo 2r Unit 10 Lesson 4 groundbreaking Ooo 3F incomparable oOooo 4F 1 FT -)l 'tc 6F 2e Unit 11 Lesson 2 7r 3d BT 4a 1 1 T 5b n 3 6g F 1 tried to live longer 7f 3 T 2 need to find a safe place to live. 4 T and making 5 F 3 improving our houses Unit 10 Łesson 5 life more comfortable 6 T 4 one person in every 10,000 who ls 7 F 1 over a hundred. 8 F 5 has been catching up to that of translation of words women's. word stress 2 1 a 6 obviously smokers tend to die before parts of speech b 7 dealing with stress and optimistic e categorise words B not enjoying the present / doesn't d mean that you will also be healthy. write a useful sentence with new words 4 C tn 5 t 4 draw diagram or picture 6 a 1 Did you say 13? 7 D 2 There's been a 407o increase. 3 3 | want to live until 2080. (two 1e 3 thousand and eighty) 2d 1 crtil c 4 My grandfather was born in 19.1 5. 3b 2 royalty 5 So I get this now and a hundred more 4f J masterpiece next month. Jd 4 household name 6 lt's fitty point one three percent less. 6c 5 hit 7 Over ten thousand telephone calls 6 bestseller 7 blockbuster were received. Unit 11 Lesson 1 I They think over a million people will be affected. 1 4 1 ne ran 1 Reggae 2 couldn'Vthat day. 5 2 Jazz J ro 1 to live 3 Opera 8o. 4 was gornS 2 to work 4 Horror 5 had/there 3 travelling 5 Classical 6 would work/the next day. 4 shopping 6 Science fiction 7 was writing 5 to worry/worrying 7 Animation B told/to turn 6 to pick B Crime 9 was/that 7 in convincing 9 Soul 10 her/had done B to walk '10 Autobiography 9 to change 10 to buy 2 J a had been 11 to turn up 1 atmosphere 2 wanted 12 to join 2 plot .) 'd (would) never be 13 to have 3 chapter 4 to download 14 learning 4 novel 5 were enloyrnS 15 to see/seerng 5 senes 6 wanted ('d (would) like)/to star to stopistopprnB 6 character 6 3 6 1 The reporter said she was working as 1 eating l movrng a model to support her family. 2 having 2 hilarious My brother said he thought it was ou rsltheirs.

106 ANSWER KEY

3 Her grandchildren : said ther rrr,., J 3 Almost all the audience said the visit her some time. I performers were excel lent. 4 Rashid said thev had rvorkecl or :- . l l) 4 In general, people were not satisfied project for three months. l with the food and refreshments. 5 My sister said she couldn't to :i.r! Bo + il theatre ton ighVthat night. 'l 5 L Unit 12 l-esson 7 6 1 ...why she had moved. Then she h.rcl b 1a met her first husband and it h.tcl lteen ,. 2b very romantic time. When he haci clieci Unit 11 Lessnn 4 3b she had been devastated. She'd thoLrqhl 4a to herself that she couldn't (rvoulcln't 1 Jd be able to) work again. So she hacl soicl 1 Live to fight 6c their house and had been living on her another day 2 Love in the country 7b boat ... She hadn't been a reclusc rtLrt Bc she hadn't wanted to meet journalrst> 3 Our dying planet 4 The mystery of Satellite 9c Then one day this film script h.rcl bccn 6027 10a sent to her. She had loved thc ,qcril)t ancl High School Witchesl isn't mentioned so she had decided to start work aqain 2 2a 'l arson 1 very different Unit 11 l-cssnri 3 2 burglarv 2 very similar 3 mugging 3 much better 1a 4 identity theft 4 less serious 1g 5 rorgery 5 worse than 2b 6 speeding 3e 7 murder 4t 3 B kidnapping 5c 9 blackmail 6a Genre Plol Special 10 hacking featu res 2 thriller complex stunning Unit 12 Łesson 2 rt: I No. loved doing the show but I actron good special effects need a break. romanUc versL.ts many locations 1 l.r: No, it hasn't, though more people comedy evi I around the 1 behaviour recognise me in the strcet. twists world 2 circle r.r: ... but last week I'd just paid for sc rence ano superbly 3 decision my shopping when a newspaper fiction tu rns choreographed 4 circle photographer took my picture. fight scenes 5 link / relationship n: ... lf I don't like it, l'll nave to 6 relationship become a recluse, I suppose. / traorilon Unit 11 Lesscln 5 B behaviour 3 1 The journalist asked me if I I thought 1 2 I would another do TV show. Explain the purpose of your talk. 1 would have stopped The journalist asked I me why didn't Speak clearly in a loud voire. 2 would have set off want to clo any more TV. 3 had happened The journalist Structure your talk with words like asked me if I was 4 had arrived leaving Firsllv, Sct ondly, Finally... modelling. 5 hadn't had The journalist Tell your audience when they can ask asked me how much 6 might have done time I spent travelllng. q uestions. 7 would you have said The journalist asked me how long l'd B wouldn't have let becn a ntodel. 2 The journalist asked me if I got tired l Overall 3 of the camcras. 2 Most |d thought 3 Almost 2 hadn't chosen 4 majority 4 3 had locked 1 far and wide 5 Wnote 4 might have caught 2 undaunted 6 general s 'd kept 3 wangle 6 would never have invited 4 cover 3 (Suggested answers) 5 chutzpah 1 On the whole, most of the audience 5 6 conve;' wereagedlB'ł5' 1 | 'd've had time if l'd got up earlier. / nomc 2 The majority of people came to the 2 They might've called earlier. I integrity festival with their famil

107 ANSWER KEY

3 She wouldn't've offered if she hadn,t meant tt. 3 4 4 Would you've done it lf youd 1 Sentence 2 T H E F H known? A C K E R 2 Sentence 4 .l 5 We might not've passed without your 3 Sentence 0 help. N K 4 Sentence 6 6 What would you've done with your life if you hadn't had children? S S P E C T K D Unit 12 Lesson 5 7 You wouldn't've wanted it any other G P R S Y N way. E o P E 1 B lf he hadn't had an accident, he T L R A N s o M R P 1 Crime in the world. might've arrived at eight o'clock. New P 2 statistics. (- 3 Downward trends- N T H E F T E 6 4 Robbery, burglary, car theft (street E T 1 lf l'd known your number...c R crime). Y H o S T C E lf I knew your number...a 5 5 The world is a safer place.

lf you have a message. . . b 2 We'll see you later...a 4 2 We'd see you later,..c 1b )e 1 crime rates We'd have seen you last night...b 2 fallen 3 lf I had seen them...b 3a 4d 3 ever before lf lwere you...a 4 walk lf I see them...c 5 tear 5 4 lf my brother goes to a different 6 street crime l should university...c 7 lowest rates 2 might lf my brother had gone to a different B Denmark 3 shouldn't university...a 9 Finland 4 must .10 lf my brother went to a different overall fall 5 couldn't university...b 1 1 cases 5 We would have been on time...b 12 Burglary We'll leave on time...a 6 13 regarded We'd be on time...c 1 must have 14 property 2 must have 15 eighties 3 can't have 7 Suggested answers been '16 private homes and offices 1 lf I were you, I'd take it. 4 could have taken 17 security systems 2 lf I hadn't lent my friend 9300, I'd be 5 must have been 1B theft able to afford to go on holiday. 6 should have got 19 USA 3 lf you buy the car today, l'd offer you a 207o discount. Unit 12 Lesson 4 3 4 lf you press the green button, it 1 As a result switches on. 1 2so 5 lf l'd asked her, she would have gone A3 3 As a result with me to the party. B4 4 Consequently ó lfyou run, you,lI catch the bus. cl 5 This caused lf Yd 7 studied music at University, I D2 6 Because of this would have become a composer. 7 Due to I lf I hadn't answered my mobile 2 phone, I wouldn't have crashed the 1 garage 4 car into a tree. 2 Sunday 1 As a result of speeding, the 3 gun Government have made a new law. Unit 12 Lesson 3 4 give him the money 2 l'm ill so l'm off work today. 5 f2,010 3 Burglars stole some jewels. 1 6 criminal Consequently, police are looking for po lice 7 relationships a Sreen car. B school 4 A taxi crashed into prosecutor a bus. This caused two people to be hurt. wttness 3 5 Sales of the new product are .l poor bank robber facts due to the high price. (Due to the 2 evidence high price of the new product, sales 2 3 case are poor.) 1c 4 mind 6 There's very bad weather. The result is 2d 5 minds trains have been cancelled. 3e 6 witnesses As a result of very bad weather trains 4a 7 lury have been cancelled. 5r) B defendant 9 punishment 10 innocent

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