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Cop13 Prop. 24 CoP13 Prop. 24 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Transfer of the population of Crocodylus acutus of Cuba from Appendix I to Appendix II, in accordance with Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP12) Annex 4, paragraph B. 2 e) and Resolution Conf. 11.16. B. Proponent Republic of Cuba. C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Reptilia 1.2 Order: Crocodylia 1.3 Family: Crocodylidae 1.4 Species: Crocodylus acutus, Cuvier, 1807 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Crocodylus americanus 1.6 Common names: English: American crocodile, Central American alligator, South American alligator French: Crocodile américain, Crocodile à museau pointu Spanish: Cocodrilo americano, caimán, Lagarto, Caimán de la costa, Cocodrilo prieto, Cocodrilo de río, Lagarto amarillo, Caimán de aguja, Lagarto real 1.7 Code numbers: A-306.002.001.001 2. Biological parameters 2.1 Distribution The American crocodile is one of the most widely distributed species in the New World. It is present in the South of the Florida peninsula in the United States of America, the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the South of Mexico, Central America and the North of South America, as well as, the islands of Cuba, Jamaica and La Española (Thorbjarnarson 1991). The countries included in this distribution are: Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, United States of America, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic and Venezuela (Figure 1). Through its extensive distribution the C. acutus is present in a wide diversity of humid habitats. The most frequent is the coastal habitat of brackish or salt waters, such as the estuary sections of rivers; coastal lagoons and mangroves swamp. The American crocodile population can also be found in the freshwater areas far from the coasts (lakes, rivers, dams) and in exceptional cases in the hypersaline waters of the Enriquillo Lake of Dominican Republic (Alvarez del Toro 1974, Thorbjarnarson 1991). CoP13 Prop. 24 – p. 1 Figure 1: Distribution of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). In Cuba the C. acutus shows a wide distribution in all the territory including islands and keys (Estrada and Rubial 1999, Rodriguez 2000, Schwartz and Henderson 1988, Varona 1986). There is presence of relatively abundant local populations in the keys of the North and South of Cuba as well as in the Lanier swamp and the brackish waters of the southeast of the Isle of Youth and the Delta del Cauto in the provinces of Las Tunas and Granma in the eastern part of the country (Varona 1985 and 1986). Recent studies performed in Cuba in reference to the natural history of the C. acutus allowed a wide an updated determination of the distribution and abundance of the American crocodile in the Cuban archipelago (Figure 2, Table1). The distribution of C. acutus in Cuba is listed in Table1 and is based on the data from the population studies and occasional visual reports from known and reliable sources. It can be presumed that the distribution extends to other coastal wetland areas not studied until now as well as to numerous artificial water reservoirs of which there is anecdotal information of the presence of C. acutus not referred in this proposal. The information related in Table 1 contains recent reports of the presence of C. acutus in at least 60 localities distributed in 10 of the 14 provinces and the special municipality of the Isle of Youth including keys found North and South of the island of Cuba. Most of the 60 locations mentioned are precise places like estuaries, lagoons and beaches but some reports refer to more or less extended territories where there is ecological continuity. Such is the case of the Punta de Palms sector – Alonso de Rojas- South of Pinar del Rio province (approximately 120 km2), the South of the Isle of Youth (where crocodiles were counted in 18 localities situated along one coastal sector of 110 km). Potrerillo point to Macurije point (which covers all the South coast of the Ciego de Avila province) and the Delta del Cauto Faunal Refuge with a 640 km2 surface. CoP13 Prop. 24 – p. 2 Figure 2. Crocodylus acutus distribution in Cuba (Rodríguez, 2000) 1. Northern coast of the Guanahacabibes peninsula (Bolondron estuary, Palma Sola, Carabelita and Sitios de Pimineta); 2. La Sorda lagoon; 3. South coast of Guanahacabibes (El Piojo cove and Larga cove); 4. South coast of Pinar del Rio from Cortes until Alonso Rojas; 5. San Felipe keys; 6. San Diego river mouth; 7. Guadiana swamp; 8. La Oritigosa; 9. South coast of Havana from Artemisa to Guines; 10. Western Zapata swamp; 11. Zapata swamp; 12. Hicacos peninsula; 13. Arimao river; 14. Protected area of Tunes de Zaza; 15. South of El Jibaro rice fields; 16. North coast of Ciego de Avila province and keys of the Savanna-Camaguey archipelago; 17. South coast of Ciego de Avila province; Ana Maria keys; 18. Jardines de la Reina archipelago; 19. Maximo River Faunal Refuge; 20. South coast of Camaguey province; 21. Delta del Cauto Faunal Refuge, Las Tunas sector; 22. La Isleta ecological reserve; 23. Birama lagoon; 24. Delta del Cauto Faunal Refuge; 25. Desembarco del Granma National Park; 26. Baconao lagoon; 27. Los Canarreos archipelago; 28. Los Indios ecological reserve; 29. Southern coast of the Isle of Youth; 30. Lanier swamp; 31. Water reservoirs of the northern territory of the Isle of Youth; a. Cuyaguateje river mouth; b. Guama river mouth; c. Mono key estuary; d. Baragua estuary. CoP13 Prop. 24 – p. 3 Table 1. List of the localities where C. acutus are reported in Cuba (Rodriguez, 2000) Localities in Cuba of recent reports of Crocodylus acutus (Rodriguez 2000) Pinar del Rio Province: Coastal wetlands South of the province, from Alonso de Rojas until Cortes; The Canarreos archipelago and San Felipe keys. North coast to the Guanahacabibes peninsula, La Leña keys, coastal wetlands of Mantua municipality (Guadiana swamp) and Bahia Honda (La Hortigosa bay). Dam and derivative of the Cuyaguateje river (Guane municipality), Grande lagoon (Sandino municipality). Havana Province: All along the South coast mainly in the Artemisa municipality (Majana beach), Alquizar (Guanimar beach), Guira de Melena (Cajito beach), Batabano (Surgidero de Batabano), Guines (Rosario and Caimito beach) and Nueva Paz (Tasajera beach, mangrove and canal system belonging to the western sector of the Zapata swamp). Artificial water reservoirs. Matanzas Province: Zapata peninsula, South of the province; Varadero beach and Cape Hicacos in the northern coast. Cienfuegos Province: Arimao river and Guanaraca lagoon. Villa Clara Province: North coast: Sagua river mouth, keys of the Savanna-Camaguey archipelago. Sancti Spiritus Province: Keys of the Savanna-Camaguey archipelago, coastal wetlands South of the province: mangrove and El Jibaro rice fields (La Sierpe municipality). Zaza dam. Ciego de Avila Province: On the North; coastal wetlands of the Moron (Estuary Socorro and La Redonda lagoon) and Bolivia (mouth of the Caonao river and Cunagua beach) municipalities; wetlands surrounding the San Judas de Cunagua hill (Bolivia municipality), keys of the Savanna- Camaguey archipelago (Guillermo and Coco keys). On the South: coastal wetlands of the Jucaro municipality (Boca Guano and Boca Grande lagoon), Ana Maria, Jardines de la Reina and Laberinto de los Doce Leguas keys. Camaguey Province: On the North: coastal wetlands of the Minas municipality (faunal refuge of the Maximo river mouth); keys of the Savanna-Camaguey archipelago. On the South: coastal wetlands of the Santa Cruz del Sur and Vertientes municipalities and the Jardines de la Reina archipelago. Las Tunas Province: On the North: coastal wetlands of the Manati municipality (La Isleta faunal refuge); on the South: coastal wetlands of the Guacanayabo golf (Delta del Cauto faunal refuge) in the municipalities of Colombia and Jobabo. Granma Province: Coastal wetlands of the Guacanayabo golf: Virama swamp (Delta del Cauto faunal refuge) in the Rio Cauto, Yara and Manzanillo municipalities. Desembarco del Granma National Park (reintroduced population close to Cape Cruz, Niquero municipality). Santiago de Cuba Province: Baconao Biosphere Reserve (Baconao lagoon), in the South coast, Santiago de Cuba municipality. Isle of Youth: Lanier swamp, mangrove and estuary systems of the East, West and South coasts; artificial water reservoirs of the Northern portion of the island; keys of the Canarreos archipelago (Cayo Largo del Sur, Cantilees, Campos, Matias and Rosario keys). In 13 of the 32 localities where C. acutus nesting is reported it is known to occur in a gregarious and abundant way; such are the case of El Piojo creek and Mono key in the South coast of the Pinar del Rio province (8 and 50 nests respectively) and the Delta del Cauto Faunal Refuge (up to 300 nests in 10 gregarious nesting areas). In a number of localities where nests have not been reported, the presence juveniles evidences that the C. acutus is also reproducing there. Only one of the 13 localities that have been object of population counts shows a relatively low abundance index (the western sector of the Zapata swamp corresponding to the Nueva Paz municipality, La Habana province); in the rest of the areas studied the abundance index are comparatively high (Rodriguez 2000). CoP13 Prop. 24 – p. 4 2.2 Available and potential habitats In Cuba the best studied populations are found in coastal wetlands where mangrove predominate with estuary regimen water flows (rivers, creeks), lagoons and salt water lagoons (albuferas). They are also found in some rivers up stream, freshwater lagoons far from the sea and in numerous artificial water reservoirs. But undoubtedly the best habitat of the C. acutus in Cuba is the mangroves. In fact the distribution of the species in Cuba keeps a close coincidence with the distribution of the mangrove habitat. Cuba has a coastal perimeter of approximately 5,746 km.
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