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Conversations in Soil Taxonomy (Original Tr,.&Nscr|F't~Ons of Taped

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Conversations in Soil Taxonomy (Original Tr,.&Nscr|F't~Ons of Taped CONVERSATIONS IN SOIL TAXONOMY (ORIGINAL TR,.&NSCR|F'T~ONS OF TAPED CONVERSATIONS) by Guy D Smith Compiled by an editorial committee a, 'I~,e Agronomy Departmen: of Cornell University for the So~i Management Support St.:vice USD/ - Sf~ Ithaca, New York .~996 7 ¸ ~" "-2 2. z- . = .C .%- Addendum to: THE GUY SM|TH INTERVIEWS: RATIONALE FOR CONCEPTS tr~ SOIL TAXONOMY by Guy O. Smith Edited by T.P,~. Forbes Reviewed by N. Ahmad J. Comerma H. Eswaran K. Flach T.R. Forbes B. Hajek W. Johnson J. McClelland F.T. MiJqer J. Nichols J. Rourl,:e R. Rust A. Van Wambeke J. W~y S'~d Management Support Services Soil Conservation Service LL $. Dep~,rtment of Agriculture New York State Co!le,ge of Agriculture and Life Sciences Corneil University Department of Agronomy 1986 SM:~S Technical Monograph No. i I .1 o - "f Ib!e of Contents Preface ii Interview by Mike L. Leanly 1 Interview by J. Witty & R. Guthrie 37 Interview at the Agronomy Department at Corneil University 48 Interview at the Agronomy bepartn'e.'.zt at University of Minneso,m 149 Interview by H. E.qwaran 312 Lecture Given at the University of the West Indies 322 Interview at the Agronomy Department at Texas A & M University 328 Interviews b3: Coplar~ar staff & J. Comerma, Venezuela 441 #rrr Preface Many papers have been published explaining the rationale for properties and class limits used in Soil T<:txonomy, a system of .soil classificalion for making and interpreting soil surveys (U.S. Department of Agrical~.ure, 1975) before and since its publication. Since 6"oil Taxonomy does not provide these rationale, many ~cientists f¢.lt that it wou!d be usefm to document the reasons for matiy of the decisions expla~nit~g the selection ~f properties and class limits. The one person who ,,.'as fully conversant with the system and who co-ordinated it':; design was the late Dr. Guy D. Smith. !n i976, Dr. M. Leamy and s',aff of the Soil Bureau of Ne~, Zealand conducted a ser;,es of interviews with Dr. Smith. These interviews were published in the l~tewsletter of the New Zeal',,.nd l~i! Science ~ciety and iater reprimed in ,Soil Survey Horizons. The considerable interest shown in these intervlie,vs was :he impetus necessary for the Soi' Management Suppor,' ~rvice~ (SMSS), established in October 1979, to continue this effort In 1980 and 1981:, SMSS al~nged a series of interviews at the Ur:iversiW of Ghent, Belgium. Cornell UnNersity, University of Minne,..eta, Texas A&M U,aiversiW, and with the Soil Conservation.,. Service. (SCS). Dr. Smith also travelleg to Venezt)ei. and Trinidad and w~.s interviewed by colleagues at institutions in these countries. The format of the inte)views were similar at each place. All interested persons were invited and were free to ask questinns on all aspects e" Soil Taxonomy. However, the cGc-rdinator of the interviews at each 01ace also developed a list of majo r subject matter areas for discussion. Both the questions and answers were taped and reproduced. Although the intent wa£, ~o CGV~,~ ~ much of Soil Taxonomy as possible, Dr. 5mith's failing health forced th, termination of the interviews in late 1981. Dr. Smith, did not have an opportunity to review the transcripts and co::sequeni,~y the Iranscriy>ts are reproduced with only ,ome e.ditorial changes. RecMzis ar.a advised to bear this in mind when they use :hese trar,.~cnpts. The success of the interviews is a!so due to the large number cf persons who came to discuss with Dr. Guy D. Smlih. It is not possible to list .-all the names but we would like to recognize the main co-ordinators, wko -,~.~r-"" Dr. M. Leamy (New Zealand); Dr. R. Tavernier (Belgium); Dr. R. Ru,o; (Minnesota); Dr. B. A~len (Texas); Dr. A. Van WambeRe and Dr. M. G. Cti.~e (Ce, rnell); Dr. L. Wilding (Texas); Dr~ J. Comerm~ (V'ene:~,~ela), and Dr. N. Ahmad (Trinidad). Stafff of "t.h,. g~ So~l Conservation Service, particularly Dr. R. Arnotd, R. Gu,.ar~e (formerly SCS) and J. Witty (Washington, D.C.): J. Nichols (Texas); S. Riegen (Alaska) and F. Gilbert (New Ycrk) also contribmed to the interviews. ii "/." k Dr. H. Eswaran put an extraordinary amount of work in transcribing a large ~et of origine, i tapes. These were at a later stage compiled, edited and indexed by Dr. T. Forbes, who also coordinated tb.e final publishing. As ind~c,ated previously, ~he :,nterviews are not necessarily complete. There are still many more questions that could be ask,ed. However, this monograph serves to provide some aspects of the thinking that was behind t~,e formulation of the document. From this point of view, we hope ,,'his will be a useful documen+: Z~ all users of S-'~! Taxommly. +o. -111- tVI[nnesota Interview Interview at the Agronomy Department at University of M!v.nesota SL Pa~i, M~nn.esota 14~ _ Minnesota interview Question I Rust: This discussion for the rationale background for Soil Taxonomy began about late '78 or '79. At that time Guy was in New Zeal~md. We wrote to him and asked him ;,f he would be willing to participate in such an effort. Somebody else had the same idea. Dr. Mike Loamy of New Zealand had already begun to think abou~ this idea of putting down the rationale and background for Soil Taxonomy. So Guy wrote and said yes he would be willing to assist in any way he could. We then went to the International meetings at Edmonton and suggested the idea to the international group assembled. It got a favorable reception there. So using ~he maa;i,.g list of the International Soil Science Society we wrote to people and asked them to submit kinds of questions they might have with respect'to Soil Taxonomy. Over the new year we assembled these and tried to edit them and have put them together in some 50 to 55 questions. These then have been some sort of basis for these interviews with Guy. In July, of this past year, Mike Leamy went to Ghent and visited with Guy and talked with him for several days and inchaded some of the questions that are on the list. I will pass out this list of questions. Some of you may have them from something I've sen'~ to you earlier. On this list t have indicated with an "L" the questions that were discussed by Guy and Mike Loamy in Ghent in July. Guy arrived in the States about November 20, 21 and has had some conversation with w^-,',,, ~t~nn,g~on fo~k. The 15th of December he visited the Cornell group with Arnold and Marlin Cline. I have the questions which were discussed at Cornell, I only have one cop),. There are a few duplicatiom, in the additional questions that were covered at Corrtell. Las~ ,~,,~- Guy was at Texas Tech visiting with B.L. Allen and group and some additional questions were discussed there, i thought it might be helpful if Guy would brie~qy overview what was discu:;sed at Texas Tech. Perhaps there is a lot of duplication in the things th,qt we might be concerned with in this group. With those of you that are n~re, we thought that we would have a lktle more emphasis on questions that might relate to the Molliso!s, to the AlfLqols, to :he Histosols, and since we have our folk from ~e higher latitudes maybe some questions relating to the s~;!s of the cold regions and their classification. Also some questions that Fred Peterson will bring in respect to the Aridisols of the west. Guy, would you want to say a little bk ~,bout the conversations at Lubbock just briefly so that we have a little idea of what we might talk ~bout here? G~ Smith: Yes, I would be glad to but I would like to make a couple of introductory comments first. I think it would be extremely useful in editing this mateiiai if I h.o.d a written list of the people who axe here with their present affiliatio~ or former. And if each person asking ~ ques',fion would identify himself into the microphone so that there will be a record a~ to who asked what, I would also like to say I wish I were nearing the end of -~his but unhap~ily I go from here to Venezuela and then to Trinidad and then when I get back to Ghent Dr. Frank Moormann is going to visit me. So there are three more weeks of questions at ie~zt after this o~,e. At Lubbock we were concerned more with the soils ~ith either ustic or arid;_: moisture regime~. There were ~ good many questions about ~hese. There were a good many questio.as about soils in pale-great groups because we don~t have the same criteria f~r the Palearg~ds or ~e Paleorthi~ that we have for the Paleustolls or the Palcudalfs and so on. The crReria vary 'r ~ from one great group to another and the questions we~'e really concerned with the intent of the i-i'~ii:~,:...... pale-great groups and how the definitions we prepared had aeluaily met that intent. There !:~i~ii:~ .-~:~ were .......a number of questions. : ~about cam,,c" : ho:,zo,,s,ii.'~, -,, about s..,.,,~a~ TM .horizons," diagnostic horizons that - 150 - .:. [ . Miene:;ota Ir, tervi,-~w we use particularly in Ar~disols.
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