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Power Sector Infrastructure Development in Albania

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Power Sector Infrastructure Development in Albania Power sector infrastructure development in Albania Agim Nashi Advisor to ERE Board Historical data on power sector in Albania Power production and power supply of Production capacity of HPP varies residential and industrial consumers from 3.5-4.8 bl. kWh to 7 bl. kWh, started in 1923 by using diesel remote respectively, for the hydrological power plants with operational voltage security of 90%, 50% and 25% of 0.4, 3.6 and 16 kV Production capacity of TPP was 1.2 bl. In 1951, first power plants and kWh but actually all these power plants transmission facilities with operational are closed voltage of 35 kV were introduced 83 small HPP produce around 55 Year 1957 represents the creation of million kWh, their contribution in Albanian Power System and domestic production is not operational voltage of 110 kV is considerable, their importance is introduced mainly for rural areas where they are Nowadays, Albanian Power System located operates with high voltage of 220 kV Recently, ERE has licensed a and 400 kV company for construction of an Until 1990, there were 20 power plants offshore wind farm with installed with installed capacity of 1,670 MW, of capacity of 150 MW which Also, an application is under review for 11 HPP (1,446 MW) granting a construction license to an Italian company for an offshore wind 9 TPP (224 MW) farm with installed capacity of 500 MW There are also some other projects under construction: TPP Vlore, HPP Kalivac, HPP Sasaj and some other small HPP. Energy sources Generation, hydro energy reserves Energy sources Generation, hydro energy reserves Energy sources Hydro Generation Albanian Power System is insufficient and cannot secure a continued and qualitative supply for all consumers 99 % of production is from HPP, three of them are in the Drini River Cascade and provide 86% of total domestic production In a normal year, total production is about 4,160 GWh but this is insufficient to cover growing consumer needs HPP stations Installed capacity (MW) Actual capacity (MW) Gjenerimi Mesatar (GWh/a) HEC Fierze 500.0 152 1,328 HEC Koman 600.0 171 1,500 HEC Vau i Dejes 250.0 100 880 Kaskada e Drinit 1,350.0 423 3,708 HEC Ulzes 27.0 14 120 HEC Shkopetit 25.0 10 90 Kaskada e Matit 52.0 24 210 HEC Bistrica 1 23.0 19 165 HEC Bistrica 2 5.5 4 35 Kaskada e Bistrices 28.5 23 200 HEC e Vegjel 20.0 2 20 TEC Fier 159.0 10 76 Gjithsej 1,609.5 482 4,214 Energy sources Generation, hydro energy reserves Even though 98% of domestic production is from hydro resources, it is a fact that only 35% of hydro potential has been exploited so far Total reserves are estimated to be around 4,500 MW and potential annual production can reach 10-12 TWh Considering the fact that 95 % of HPP are located in the north of Albania, the attention is concentrated in construction of new facilities in south of Albania - on the Vjose and the Devoll rivers Most recent analyses prepared by national and international institutions emphasized that: Available generation capacity is insufficient and cannot cover the demand growth even when hydrologic conditions are favorable Available generation capacity is insufficient and cannot cover the demand during the peak time of the day/week/month/year For a better management of hydro reserves, it is necessary to improve production structure and to diversify it by constructing thermal power sources Energetic sources Generation, TPP As mentioned above, 9 TPPs have been decommissioned The below table presents main features of these power plants Energetic sources Generation, hydro energetic reserve of SHPP Until 1988, there were 83 small HPP constructed with installed capacity of between 30 - 5000 kW each The total installed capacity is about 14 MW and there are possibilities for increasing their capacity up to 25 MW by better exploitation of river flow Some studies are underway in order to identify possibilities for construction of other small HPP and increase of capacity for existing power plants and elimination of some deficiencies mainly in: Incomplete exploitation of hydro energy capacity Lack of frequency stability and voltage stability during load changes Frequent interruption of power plants from network Relatively high costs of equipment rehabilitation of small HPP The estimates have been made for about 41 new small HPP with installed capacity of 0.5–10 MW each to be constructed in the future Total capacity of these power plants will be about 140-150 MW and their annual production will be 600-680 GWh Energy sources Generation, alternative energy reserves Active exploitation of solar energy - If Albania develops photovoltaic and thermal panels for hot water production, equivalent energy spared will be 1000 GWhthermal (or 125 MWthermal installed capacity) Wind energy - Preliminary estimates show that areas with highest wind potential are located on the west coast where can be constructed 20 EC to be used for supplying 20 pump stations used for protection of land from flooding. It is expected that by 2020, domestic production from wind farms will be 400 GWh/year. With recent projects being licensed by ERE, these are very ambitious projections Potential for exploiting urban waste - Energy reserves of urban waste are considerable and in increasing tendency but production of energy with this kind of combustible has a high cost compared with other traditional fuels Geothermal sources - Albania has a lot of geothermal sources but these sources cannot be used for power production because their thermal potential is low (20-330C) Biomass is another source with a high spread in Albania. For the moment, it is not used efficiently and a lot of forests are damaged. It is mainly used in industry and for residential heating and there are as of yet no applications for power production. Biomass from agriculture is mainly used as food for livestock. Energy sources Generation from HPP, Perspectives Below table presents a construction schedule according to national strategy for energy Taking into consideration plans for installing 150 MW of small HPP to be installed every year - approximately 10.7 MW by 2020 Additional tables present power production and investments for each year and reflect entry of new facilities into operation Centralet 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total SHPP 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 150 HEC-i Devolli 1 koha e marrjes se koncesionit dhe ndertimit 75 75 HEC-i Vjosa 1 koha e marrjes se koncesionit dhe ndertimit 80 80 HEC-i Drini1 koha e marrjes se koncesionit dhe ndertimit 84 84 Total 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 90.7 169.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 389 Gjenerimi 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 GWh SHPP 102 143 185 226 268 309 351 392 434 475 517 558 600 HEC e reja 0 0 0 350 966 966 966 966 966 966 966 966 966 HEC ekzistuese 4047 4115 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 4149 Total 4149 4258 4334 4725 5383 5424 5466 5507 5549 5590 5632 5673 5715 Investimet 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Milion Euro SHPP 1.5 6.0 11.4 11.8 12.1 12.5 12.9 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.5 14.9 15.4 15.8 16.3 185.9 HEC- Devolli 1 6.0 18.0 42.0 30.0 24.0 120 HEC-i Vjosa 1 3.0 24.0 61.0 40.0 32.0 160 HEC-i Drini 1 23.4 62.4 39.0 31.2 156 Total 4.5 36 113.8 156.2 113.1 67.7 12.9 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.5 14.9 15.4 15.8 16.3 621.9 Energy sources Generation from HPP, Perspectives It is foreseen that concessions will be granted for rehabilitation of Fier TPP (Phase I 72 MW and Phase II 128 MW) It is foreseen that Vlora TPP (97 MW) will be operational by 2010 It is necessary to install 640 MW in form of TPP by 2020 in order to cover the demand and diversify production structure In the first years of exploitation, this TPP will use diesel fuel, because connection of Albania with international gas pipelines will be possible only after 2010 Centralet 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 - 2020 Total TEC i Fierit (faza e pare) koha e marrjes se koncesionit dhe rehabilitimit 72 72 TEC i Vlores koha e marrjes se koncesionit e ndertimit 97 97 TEC-et CCGT me distilat nafte ose gaz atyror Studim projektim dhe koha e marrjes me koncesion 435 435 Total 72 169 435 604 Gjenerimi Total 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 – 2020 TEC i Fierit 390 390 390 390 390 TEC-et CCGT me distilat nafte ose gaz natyror 675.3 675.3 675.3 3263 Gjenerimi Total 390 1065.3 1065.3 1065.3 3653 Investimet 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Milion Euro Rehabilitimi i TEC-i Fierit 5.5 10.6 16.1 TEC-et CCGT me distilat nafte dhe gaz natyror 25 67 40 62.0 115.0 68.0 377 Total 30.5 77.6 40 62 115 68 393.1 Situation in transmission network Transmission network in Albanian Power System is composed of Overhead lines 400 kV 120.2 km Overhead lines 220 kV 1102.3 km Overhead lines 150 kV 34.4 km Overhead lines 110 kV 1232.1 km Power stations 220 kV 11 Main problems facing TSO include: Lack of possibility to operate the network in optimal manner and high imbalance between production and demand Limited interconnection facilities Control system is very depreciated and communication equipment is not efficient, many times leading to loss of system stability and security Situation in transmission network (continued) In order to improve the transmission network and increase the importing ability, the World Bank and other organizations have financed a project for rehabilitation of transmission network Objectives being realized in the framework of this project are: Improvement of
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