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escarpments or the klint, and from the fourth point by a wall. wall. a by point fourth the from and klint, the or escarpments Põhja-Eesti klint”, 2006, drawing 4) 2006, Tallinn klint”, Põhja-Eesti ( Finland

century. It was protected from three compass points by natural natural by points compass three from protected was It century. Position of the North Estonian Klint in section at the Gulf of of Gulf the at section in Klint Estonian North the of Position

11 the in period Viking the of end the to BC millennium 1

th st

Estonian fort was located here from the second half of the the of half second the from here located was fort Estonian

East European Platform European East Shield Fennoscandian

limestone stratum opens under the thin soil. An Ancient Ancient An soil. thin the under opens stratum limestone -200

(Paleoproterosoikum)

crystalline basement crystalline

lies where the Middle Ordovician Ordovician Middle the where lies (2) Cape Klint east,

Ediacaran -100

is located on the main plateau of the klint island. To the the To island. klint the of plateau main the on located is

Gulf of Finland of Gulf Cambrian

0 m 0 ) – – ) Heaps Wolf’s ( Hundikangrud – field burial ancient largest

North Estonian Klint Estonian North

Turjekelder Waterfall and the cave of the same name. ’s Estonia’s name. same the of cave the and Waterfall Turjekelder

100 Ordovician

its northern slope with the six-metre-high escarpment of the the of escarpment six-metre-high the with slope northern its

shifted southwards. southwards. shifted Klints boasts an up-to-15-metre-deep gully descending from from descending gully up-to-15-metre-deep an boasts Klints

on the border of the East Harju and Lahemaa Lahemaa and Harju East the of border the on (1) Island Klint edge of a large platformal structure. The sediment layers have have layers sediment The structure. platformal large a of edge

Tsitre Klint. Estonian North the of subsections Lahemaa the in rocks on land, although the klint itself is the northernmost northernmost the is itself klint the although land, on rocks

Thus, northwards, e.g. in South Finland, we can see crystalline crystalline see can we Finland, South in e.g. northwards, Thus, differentiated be can units morphological smaller Fourteen

in Valgejõgi River Valley, K. Kingumets K. Valley, River Valgejõgi in softer sedimentary rocks covering the East European Platform. Platform. European East the covering rocks sedimentary softer rich in minerals. in rich

Photo:Limestone out-cropping at Nõmmeveski at out-cropping Photo:Limestone

where broad-leaved trees prevail and the soil is moist and and moist is soil the and prevail trees broad-leaved where the hard crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield and the the and Shield Fennoscandian the of rocks crystalline hard the

hops crawl on tree trunks like lianas in the mixed forests forests mixed the in lianas like trunks tree on crawl hops margin between two expansive structures of the Earth’s crust – – crust Earth’s the of structures expansive two between margin

saw have not reached. Ferns and honesty thickets grow and and grow thickets honesty and Ferns reached. not have saw with sediments. The North Estonian Klint is a unique border border unique a is Klint Estonian North The sediments. with

characterized by partly or fully buried, strongly indented and rather rather and indented strongly buried, fully or partly by characterized

have spread anywhere here where man and and man where here anywhere spread have forests Klint which may run on land or at the sea bottom, be bare or overlaid overlaid or bare be bottom, sea the at or land on run may which

Muuksi Klint Cape and the Klint Valley. The klint section is is section klint The Valley. Klint Palmse the and Cape Klint Muuksi

nutrients, well used as grasslands and fields. fields. and grasslands as used well nutrients, escarpments and terraces, islands and capes, bays and valleys, valleys, and bays capes, and islands terraces, and escarpments

the major part of the national park in an area between the the between area an in park national the of part major the

shrubberies, were, thanks to their high content of humus and and humus of content high their to thanks were, shrubberies, terraces and escarpments. However, a klint is a big system of of system big a is klint a However, escarpments. and terraces

Lahemaa Klint Lahemaa The 70-kilometre-long 70-kilometre-long The Klints. section encompasses encompasses section

thicker layers of residual soil, covered with sparse forests and and forests sparse with covered soil, residual of layers thicker The human eye associates the klint most often with coastal coastal with often most klint the associates eye human The

East-Harju, Lahemaa and West-Viru West-Viru and Lahemaa East-Harju, the east, to west the from being,

rich not far from the klint. These alvars with thinner or or thinner with alvars These klint. the from far not alvars rich and is 650 kilometres long. long. kilometres 650 is Narva and

of which lie in the area of (72,500 hectares), hectares), (72,500 Park National Lahemaa of area the in lie which of

Lahemaa. The ancient area of population covers the spring- the covers population of area ancient The Lahemaa. East European Platform. The klint between Island Island Osmussaar between klint The Platform. European East

the North Estonian Klint is differentiated into nine sections, three three sections, nine into differentiated is Klint Estonian North the

in the development of the permanent human settlement in in settlement human permanent the of development the in on the borderline between the Fennoscandian Shield and the the and Shield Fennoscandian the between borderline the on

Proceeding from its constructional and regional peculiarities, peculiarities, regional and constructional its from Proceeding

The landscape’s indentation has played an important role role important an played has indentation landscape’s The a part of the 1,100–1,200-kilometre-long Baltic Klint, which runs runs which Klint, Baltic 1,100–1,200-kilometre-long the of part a

the coastal formations of the often run across the bays. bays. the across run often Sea Baltic the of formations coastal the

characteristic of the klint, crops out. crops klint, the of characteristic The North Estonian Klint is is Klint Estonian North The Europe. Northwest in and Estonia in

with Quaternary deposits of different age and origin. The ranges of of ranges The origin. and age different of deposits Quaternary with

the Valgejõgi River Valley and at Nõmmeveski, the bedrock, bedrock, the Nõmmeveski, at and Valley River Valgejõgi the steep cliff coast – one of the most remarkable nature monuments monuments nature remarkable most the of one – coast cliff steep

and have engraved deep valleys. The klint bays have been filled filled been have bays klint The valleys. deep engraved have and

height of the klint is the biggest, reaching up to 30 metres. In In metres. 30 to up reaching biggest, the is klint the of height This is the North Estonian Klint or or Klint Estonian North the is This stripes. whitish and yellowish

present rivers in the klint bays are much younger, rich in waterfalls, waterfalls, in rich younger, much are bays klint the in rivers present

from the tops of Capes Muuga and , where the relative relative the where Kolga, and Muuga Capes of tops the from dark wall with, if you observe it closer, greenish, dark brown, brown, dark greenish, closer, it observe you if with, wall dark

and depth of the valleys have changed into their present form. The The form. present their into changed have valleys the of depth and

gentle-sloping off-sea escarpments. The klint is best observable observable best is klint The escarpments. off-sea gentle-sloping Looking afar from the sea, North Estonia’s coast seems as a a as seems coast Estonia’s North sea, the from afar Looking

the Quaternary Period. Given the movement of glaciers, the width width the glaciers, of movement the Given Period. Quaternary the

drawing 3) drawing

are comprised by old river valleys which used to flow here before before here flow to used which valleys river old by comprised are

”

Photo: Cave of Turjekelder, R. Kotter R. Turjekelder, of Cave Photo:

Põhja-Eesti klint”, Tallinn 2006, 2006, Tallinn klint”, Põhja-Eesti ( Klint Baltic the of Division bays klint The discontinues. or disappears either cliff limestone the

north-west toward south-east, their height usually decreases and and decreases usually height their south-east, toward north-west

an escarpment at their north-western end. In the direction from from direction the In end. north-western their at escarpment an

in the north-west–south-easterly or north-southerly direction with with direction north-southerly or north-west–south-easterly the in

follow the drop of bedrock mostly mostly bedrock of drop the follow capes klint The them. between

divided into klint capes with klint bays of different shape and width width and shape different of bays klint with capes klint into divided

The height of the klint increases from west to east. The klint is is klint The east. to west from increases klint the of height The

as a cornice above the softer and more easily worn rock strata. rock worn easily more and softer the above cornice a as

This is well visible from the outside: the hard rocks seem to hang hang to seem rocks hard the outside: the from visible well is This

comprises hard rocks, while the lower part consists of softer rocks. rocks. softer of consists part lower the while rocks, hard comprises

may be 540–460 million years old. The klint’s upper part is thin and and thin is part upper klint’s The old. years million 540–460 be may

covered with the Ordovician dolomites and limestone. The rocks rocks The limestone. and dolomites Ordovician the with covered

and Ordovician clays, sandstones and argillites lie beneath and are are and beneath lie argillites and sandstones clays, Ordovician and

is quite simple: the Cambrian Cambrian the simple: quite is klint the of section geological The

DOS AND DON’TS FOR VISITORS ● You can move about on private land from sunrise to sunset unless you do damage to the landowner. In case the private land is fenced or marked, you will need the landowner’s permission. ● Drive your motor vehicle only on the provided roads and park it only in the car park. ● Put up your tent and make a fire only in the prepared and marked places. At the time of wildfire hazard, it is forbidden to make an open fire, even on special grounds. ● You can pick berries, mushrooms and other forest goods in the national park. ● Try to act without leaving traces in the nature. When you see damage done to the nature or visiting objects, inform the Environmental Inspectorate by phone 1313. Photo: Vasaristi Cascade, L. Michelson

The Klint Valley (3) between Muuksi and Kolga Klint Lahemaa Capes is mostly buried under the Quaternary sediments. National Park Sediments have also buried the Kolga-Aabla Ancient Valley on the north coast of the klint bay, and the valley is not any more traceable in the landscape. On Kolga Klint Cape (4) about five kilometres afar from the Kolga Bay, the Kolga Manor and the ruins of the former Cistercian monastery are located. Between Kolga Klint Cape and the Kolgaküla Klint Peninsula the Liidikõrve Klint Bay (5) cuts into the limestone plateau but it is mostly buried by sand and is not traceable in the topography. A small sandstone terrace protrudes from the north-western tip ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY of the Kolgaküla Klint Peninsula (6) at approximately Environmental Board 40 metres above the sea level; a limestone escarpment lies Palmse, 45435 Viitna Phone +372 329 5535 under a thin layer of residual soil at 50 metres above the [email protected] sea level. A magnificent view over the North Estonian klint www.keskkonnaamet.ee zone and the forests of Kõrvemaa opens from the edge of the escarpment at the Kolgaküla Community House. The ARRANGEMENT OF VISITS Valgejõgi Klint Bay (7) to its southeast is a 1–2-kilometre- Palmse, North-Estonian District wide ancient valley. The Valgejõgi River valley follows its Nature Management Department State Forest Management Centre (RMK) ancient predecessor at north of Nõmmeveski and in the Phone +372 329 5555 southern part of the klint valley. At Nõmmeveski, it has [email protected] cut an up-to-15-metre-deep canyon into the bedrock and www.rmk.ee drops over the 1.2-metre-high Nõmmeveski waterfall. The Compiled by: K. Kingumets LAHEMAA Vasaristi Stream, which descends into the klint valley from References: Suuroja, K. 2006. Põhja-Eesti the southern bank of the Valgejõgi Klint Bay, falls over the klint. Eesti looduse sümbol. Tallinn. Publication supported by National Park three-step Vasaristi Cascade. Soesoo, A., Miidel, A. 2006. Environmental Investment Centre Põhja-Eesti klint. Tallinn. Klint Cape (8), which is mostly buried under on North Estonian the sands of the Littorina Sea and is therefore hardly Front page photo: KAAS traceable in the topography, encompasses an area of a Nõmmeveski Waterfall, L. Michelson Klint few square kilometres between the rivers of Valgejõgi Layout by: Akriibia Ltd. Printed by: Aktaprint PLC and Loobu. Only at Joaveski and Nõmmeveski, where the Loobu and Valgejõgi Rivers descend into their respective ©Environmental Board 2012 Drawing: Geological section of the Valgejõe- Loobu Klint Bay (by R. Karukäpp and A. Miidel), Põhja-Eesti klint”, Tallinn 2006 ” 1 – sea sands 2 – delta sediments of ice melting water (sand, gravel), ice lake sediments 3 – sand 4 – silt 5 – varved clay 6 – moraine 7 – Ordovician limestone and dolomite 8 – Cambrian and Ordovician sandstone and slate 9 – Cambrian clay 10 – peat 11 – boreholes of Geological Survey of Estonia

ancient valleys, can one see bedrock cropping out in the riverbank Photo: Perennial honesty, R. Lille escarpments (limestone, sandstone, slate). Nice and sunlit heath pine forests grow on the sandy patches of the klint cape. The Loobu Klint Valley (9), called by the village of the same name, partly follows the course of the present-day Loobu River. The depth of the rather narrow (up to 500 metres) and gentle-sloped ancient valley is 20–30 metres. The six-kilometre-long Ilumäe Klint Peninsula (10), stretched from northwest to southeast, is partly buried and runs at the edge of Drawing: The relief of the 1 – escarpment the old and respectable villages of , Tõugu, Võhma, Ilumäe surroundings of , 2 – slope Põhja-Eesti klint”, Tallinn 3 – valley and in its north. The main plateau of the klint peninsula ” 2006 4 – wall of maritime origin encompasses an ancient settlement area: stone barrows and burial 5 – dune mounds as well as numerous cupstones have been found here. 6 – swamp The Palmse Klint Valley (11) cuts into the klint plateau at Oruveski 7 – erratic boulders Artificial Lake, north of the Palmse Manor. The buried ancient valley, 8 – large erratic boulder trending southeast, joins the Loobu Ancient Valley behind Viitna. 9 – study trail About one kilometre north of Oruveski, the Palmse Klint Valley broadens into the Eru Klint Bay, which, running northwest across The Klint Bay (13) and the Karula Klint Peninsula (14) the Eru Bay and the Pärispea Peninsula, extends its depth up to were probably created by a fault zone, in terms of interruptions 140 metres. in the continuity of rocks. The formation of the Vihula Klint The 16-kilometre-long Klint Plateau (12), running between Bay has been affected by the more than 100-kilometre-long Palmse and Vihula, lies mostly 60 and more metres above sea level. Kõrvemaa Fault Zone, which starts near Paide in Central Estonia The highest point of the North Estonian Klint Plateau, reaching 67 and cuts into the klint at this place. The Karula Klint Peninsula metres above sea level, is also located here, near the Altja crossroad. turns south in an arc shape two kilometres from the North The Sagadi Klint Plateau and the old coastal formations are well Estonian limestone plateau at the Karula Manor. The Cambrian traceable on the 4-7-kilometre-long trail, which goes from Oandu to sandstone escarpment does not follow this change of direction Altja through a natural forest. The Ordovician escarpment bordering but continues more or less in the original east-westerly direction. the klint plateau in the north is relatively gentle-sloping but well The change of direction was probably caused by the Rakvere observable in the topography. tectonic fault which cuts into the klint here.

Lahemaa Rahvuspargi looduskeskus / Lahemaa National Park's Nature Centre § Infopunkt / Information point Paljanduv astang aluspõhja kivimeis / Exposed escarpment in the bedrock Mattunud astang aluspõhja kivimeis / Escarpment in the bedrock buried under deposits Kaitseala piir / Mohni saar Conservation area boundary Kõvakattega tee / Surfaced road Kruuskattega tee / Gravel road Pinnastee / Unpaved road Nõlv, järsak / Slope, cliff Pärispea

Juminda Pärispea poolsaar Koolimäe Ulkari laht poolsaar Lahe Pedassaare Tam mi stu Koolimäe Käsmu Lobi Käsmu poolsaar Virve -Aabla Käsmu laht Altja Eru laht Käsmu Hara laht järv Võsu poolsaar Oandu Hara Kolga-Aabla Loksa Eru Tep elv älj a Võsu jõgi Vihula Lohja 13 Kolga laht järv Kotka Tõugu Sagadi LAHEMAA RAHVUSPARK 14 Hara soo Võhma 12 Karula Ilumäe Kosta 6 Vatku 10 Kolgaküla 7 Muike Valge jõ gi 11 Kakuvälja Noonu 9 Ts itre Pudisoo 5 Palmse Nõmmeveski Uusküla 3 8 Pudisoo jõgi Vila Joaveski 2 Andi- 1 4 Võsupere neeme Muuksi Kolga Laukasoo Loobu jõgi Annikvere Kalme Vanaküla Kahala järv Mustametsa Kõnnu Kavastu Võle Sõitme Valgejõe Kahala Loobu Kupu Kõldu 1:160 000 1 cm kaardil = 1,6 kmVanamõis looduses Kemba Viitna Rõmeda Läsna Arbavere ©Geodata 2012 H